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SharingAbstracts,NotesonvariousElectricalEngineeringTopics.

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MARCH18,2014 11COMMENTS(HTTPS://ELECTRICALNOTES.WORDPRESS.COM/2014/03/18/ELECTRICALTHUMBS
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Economicgenerationvoltageisgenerallylimitedtofollowingvalues(CBIPManual).
Economicgenerationvoltage(CBIPManual)
TotalLoad

EconomicalVoltage

Upto750KVA

415V

750KVAto2500KVA

3.3KV

2500KVAto5000KVA

6.6KV

Above5000KVA

11KVorHigher

Generallyterminalvoltageoflargegeneratorsis11kVinIndia.StepupvoltagedependsuponLengthoftransmissionlinefor
interconnectionwiththepowersystemandPowertobetransmitted.
Highvoltageincreasescostofinsulationandsupportstructuresforincreasedclearanceforairinsulationbutdecreasessizeand
henceCostofconductorsandlinelosses.
Manyempiricalrelationshavebeenevolvedtoapproximatelydetermineeconomicvoltagesforpowerevacuation.Animportant
componentintransmissionlinesislaborcostswhicharecountryspecific.
Anempiricalrelationisgivenbelow.

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wherekVAistotalpowertobetransmitted;
Lislengthoftransmissionlineinkm.
AmericanpracticeforeconomiclinetolinevoltagekV(basedonempiricalformulation)is

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ForthepurposeofstandardizationinIndiatransmissionlinesmaybeclassifiedforoperatingat66kVandabove.33kVissub
transmission,11kVandbelowmaybeclassifiedasdistribution.
Highervoltagesystemisusedfortransmittinghigheramountsofpowerandlongerlengthsanditsprotectionisimportantfor
powersystemsecurityandrequirescomplexrelaysystems.
RequiredPowerTransfer(MW)

Distance(KM)

EconomicalVoltageLevel(KM)

3500

500

765

500

400

400

120

150

220

80

50

132

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Powercarryingcapabilityoftransmissionlinesincreasesroughlyasthesquareofthevoltage.Accordinglydisconnectionof
highervoltageclassequipmentfrombusbarsgetincreasinglylessdesirablewithincreaseinvoltagelevels.
Highstructuresarenotdesirableinearthquakeproneareas.Thereforeinordertoobtainlowerstructuresandfacilitate
maintenanceitisimportanttodesignsuchsubstationspreferablywithnotmorethantwolevelsofbusbars.

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Shortcircuitverificationisperformedbyusingfollowingformula:

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Where:
t=faultduration(S)
I=effectiveshortcircuitcurrent(kA)
K=0.094foraluminumconductorinsulatedwithXLPE
Example:Faultduration(t)=0.25sec,FaultCurrent(I)=26.24kA
CrossSectionareaofCable=26.24x(0.25)/0.094=139.6sq.mm
Theselectedcrosssectionalareais185sq.mm.

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WhereK=(Volt33)/33
VoltageLevel

GroundClearance

<=33KV

5.2Meter

66KV

5.49Meter

132KV

6.10Meter

220KV

7.0Meter

400KV

8.84Meter

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Thevoltagedropandriseonthepowerlineanddropinthetransformers.Everytransformerwillalsoexperienceavoltagerise
fromgeneratingsourcetothecapacitors.Thisriseisindependentofloadorpowerfactorandmaybedeterminedasfollows:

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Kvar=AppliedKvar
Kva=Kvaofthetransformer

z=TransformerReactancein%
Example:300Kvarbankgivento1200KVAtransformerwith5.75%reactance.
%VoltageRiseinTransformer=(300/1200)x5.75=1.43%
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AboutJignesh.Parmar
JigneshParmarhascompletedM.Tech(PowerSystemControl),B.E(Electrical)fromGujaratUniversity.Hehasmorethan13years
experienceinPowerTransmissionPowerDistributionElectricalenergytheftdetectionElectricalMaintenanceElectrical
Projects(PlanningDesigningcoordinationExecution).HeisPresentlyassociatewithoneoftheleadingbusinessgroupasaDeputy
ManageratAhmedabad,India.HeisFreelancerProgrammerofAdvanceExcelanddesignusefulExcelSheetsofElectrical
EngineeringasperIS,NEC,IEC,IEEEcodes.HeistechnicalAuthorforElectricalMirrorandElectricalIndiaMagazines.Heis
TechnicalBloggerandFamiliarwithEnglish,Hindi,Gujarati,Frenchlanguages.HewantstoSharehisexperience&knowledgeand
helptechnicalenthusiaststofindsuitablesolutionsandupdatingthemselvesonvariousEngineeringTopics.

5HVSRQVHVWR(OHFWULFDO7KXPEV5XOHV3DUW
PRASHANTSONIsays:
March19,2014at1:50am
THANKYOUSOMUCHSIRTHANKUFORUEVALUABLEHELP.
Yourworkgivessomuchpreciousknowledgetothewholeelectricalengineerswhoarefreshersorwithlackofpractical
knowledge..
Reply
RitabanBanerjeesays:
March19,2014at6:28am
Thanksforsuchacompactvaluableinformation.
Reply
SarvanKumarsays:
March19,2014at7:47am
thankyousir
Reply
walidsalmansays:
March19,2014at10:25am
Hi.
Itriedtobuytheelectricalsoftwarebutinthecountriesofpaypallthereisnolebanoncountrythesystemrefusethecreditcard.
WhatshouldIdo?
Reply
dilshadahmadsays:
March19,2014at12:18pm
Thanks!tosendmenotes&articles.butmyfeiledisdistrybutiontransformerifrelatedmyjobnotesplsendme
Reply
joec.says:
March19,2014at7:16pm
PleaseIhavea300kvarcapacitorbankfora800kvatransformer.
WhatwouldbetheimplicationofthevoltageraisetotheFactoryelectricalsystems
andoperations?Helpplease
Reply
rajasays:

March19,2014at9:26pm
classicswithbestselection
Reply
Eng.ahmedHashemsays:
March20,2014at9:19am
DearSir,
Thankyouverymuchforthesevaluabletechnicalinformation.
Regards,AhmadH.AlSheikhPowerSystemEngineer.SaudiArabia
Reply
ganeshkumarsays:
April5,2014at2:53pm
ifwebymistakenextracapacitorincircuits.circuitvoltageandtransformervoltagelevelriseatthattimeproblemwilloccur
.rightsir?
Reply
bhagvatvalasays:
April18,2014at6:54pm
Plzsendmemailrelatedvariablefrequencydrive
Reply
eswaransays:
February13,2015at11:54am
thankforyourguidance
Reply

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