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I.
Turning
N=
k*V
* D1
CT =
(L + A)
fr * N
MRR =
Volume Removed
cutting time
* L (D12 - D22 )
4L
fr N
D2 is Finished Diameter
Substituting for
N from above:
D1 - D2
D1 + D2
]*[
]
2
2 D1
D1 - D2
[
] t
2
D1 + D2
[
] 1
2 D1
MRR = k f r V [
and:
II. Boring
In facing, slot (plunge) cutting and cut off, the cutting speed for a given RPM decreases
as the tool progresses toward the center of the piece being cut. This follows since most (manual)
lathes cannot increase spindle speed (N) during cutting operations. Thus, the required N is
calculated as above using the outside (largest) diameter of the part for a given V.
A. Machine Speed
N =
k* V
* D1
If Cutting Speed for a given RPM rate is desired, solve above equation for V: V = ND/k
B. Cutting Time
CT =
(L + A)
fr * N
MRR =
Vol.Removed
D12 f r tN
=
CT
4*L
where: L is
D1
2
for solids;
D1 - D i
2
for tubes
Di is inside diameter
t is width of cut (tool)
Substituting for N and L:
MRR
k
2
f r tV
Terms Used:
N: RPM of Cutter
n: Number of Teeth on Cutter
W: Width of cut (may be full cutter or partial cutter)
t: depth of cut
V: cutting speed -- a Handbook value
L: Length of pass or cut
fm: Table (machine) Feed
ft: feed/tooth of cutter -- a Handbook value
D: Cutter Diameter
A. Cutting Speed:
N =
kV
D
If Cutting Speed for a given RPM rate is desired, solve above equation for V: V = ND/k
B. Table Feed Rate:
f m = f t * N* n
C. Cutting Time:
CT =
L + LA
fm
t(D - t)
MRR =
Vol. Removed
L*W* t
=
= W* t* f m
CT
CT
Remember that the length of approach calculated here puts the cutter against the work at the start,
we will add a small additional air gap to spin the tool to speed and allow the table to achieve
target feed rate before chip making begins. When determining cutting time and MRR, care must
be exercised. Ask yourself if total cutting time or time to make one pass across the part is being
requested, ie. is a single or multiple pass operation to be studied. Also, note that in the MRR
equation the cutting time term does not include the time of partial engagement (LA). Again, if
a multi-pass operation is being employed, the appropriate width term should be used in the MRR
equation.
Terms Used:
N: RPM of Cutter
n: Number of Teeth on Cutter
W: Width of cut (may be full cutter or partial cutter)
t: depth of cutter engagement
V: cutting speed -- a Handbook value
L: Length of pass or cut
fm: Table (machine) Feed
ft: feed/tooth of cutter -- a Handbook value
D: Cutter Diameter
LA: Approach Length
LO: Length of OverTravel
A. Cutting Speed:
N =
kV
D
If Cutting Speed for a given RPM rate is desired, solve above equation for V: V = ND/k
B. Table Feed:
f m = f t * N* n
CT =
(L+ LA + LO )
fm
1. LA = LO =
W(D - W)
2. LA = LO =
3. LA =
D
2
D
2
LO = - 0.5* D 2 - W 2
4. LA = LO =
D
2
MRR =
Vol. Removed
L* W* t
=
= W* t* f m
CT
CT
Again, the cautions on single vs. multiple pass CT and MRR apply as with Slab Milling.
Remember too, that the length of approach here puts the cutter against the work at the start, we
will add a small additional air gap to spin the tool to speed and allow the table to achieve target
feed rate before chip making begins. Also, care should be exercised with regards to units.
VI. Drilling
N =
kV
D
k is a Units Constant
D is Drill Diameter
V is cutting speed, a Handbook Value, if Cutting Speed for a given RPM rate is desired,
solve above equation for V: V = ND/k
B. Cutting Time (min)
CT =
(L + A)
fr* N
A is allowance; usually
f r is drill feedrate
L is length of Hole
D
2
MRR =
Vol.Removed
D2 Lf r N
D2 f r N
=
=
CT
4L
4