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40

TEST 1
EKT 231 COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
SEM 2 2012/2013
ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS

1. (a) Briefly discuss on the basic components of communication system.

[3 marks]
Transmitter
The transmitter is a collection of electronic components and circuits that
converts the electrical signal into a signal suitable for transmission over a given
medium.
The communication channel is the medium by which the electronic signal is sent
from one place to another.Types of media include
-Electrical conductors
-Optical media
-Free space
-system-specific media (e.g., water is the medium for sonar).
A receiver is a collection of electronic components and circuits that accepts the
transmitted message from the channel and converts it back into a form
understandable by humans.
Noise is random, undesirable electronic energy that enters the communication
system via the communicating medium and interferes with the transmitted
message
(b) Ir. Abdullah, manager of XYZ Berhad is satisfied with the junior engineers
performance. Then, he gives another good project for him to accomplish. In this
project, there are three-stages system comprised of two amplifiers and one filter with
an input power of Pin = 0.05 mW and absolute power gains of Ap1 = 100, Ap2 = 0.1, and

Ap3 = 1000. Thus, he asks the junior engineer to calculate parameters as listed below in
order to check the feasibility of this project:
(i)

the input power in dBm

Pi n 10 log

(ii)

[1 marks]
0.05m W
13.01dBm
1mW

output power (Pout) in watts and dBm

[3 marks]

AT = 100 x 0.1 x 1000 = 10000

Pout (watt) = 10000 x 0.05mW = 0.5W

10lo g
Pout (dBm) =

(iii)

0.5W
26.99dBm
1mW

The dB gain of each of the three stages and the overall gain in dB.
[3 marks]
Ap1 = 10log 100 = 20dB
Ap2 = 10log 0.1 = -10dB
Ap3 = 10log 1000 = 30dB
AT = 20dB + (-10dB) + 30dB = 40dB

(c) Discuss what is modulation and why modulation is needed

[3 marks]

 A process of changing one or more properties of the analog carrier in

proportion to the information signal.

An electronic technique in which a baseband information signal modifies a

carrier signal (usually a sine wave) for the purpose of frequency translation
and carrying the information signal via radio.

Why modulation is needed?

To generate a modulated signal suited and compatible to the
characteristics of the transmission channel.

For ease radiation and reduction of antenna size

Reduction of noise and interference
Channel assignment
Increase transmission speed

(d) Describe what is multiplexing and de-multiplexing

[2 marks]

Multiplexing (MUX or MPX) - the process of simultaneously transmitting

two or more baseband information signals over a single communications
channel.

Demultiplexing (DEMUX or DMPX) - the process of recovering the

individual baseband signals from the multiplexed signal.

2. (a) AM double-sideband full carrier (AM DSBFC) is the most commonly used and
the oldest and simplest form of AM modulation. Sometimes is also called
conventional AM or simply AM. Explain Amplitude Modulation (AM)
[2 marks]
The process of changing the amplitude of a relatively high frequency carrier
signal in proportion with the instantaneous value of modulating signal
(information)

(b) A telecommunication engineer is given a task to assess the output power levels of a
transmitter with respect to different kind of modulation modes with the same
intelligibility received. Given that the antenna transmits a 12.5 kW of total power at 90%
modulation of conventional AM, Compute the following:
i. The amount of carrier power, Pc delivers through the antenna.
[3 marks]

P t = P c + P usb+ P lsb
12.5 kW = Pc + (m2/4)Pc + (m2/4)Pc
= Pc [1 + m2/2]
Pc = (12.5 kW)/(1 + 0.902/2) = 8.896 kW

ii.

the amount of power using Double-Side Band Suppressed Carrier (DSBSC).

[2 marks]
Pt = Pusb + Plsb = (m2/4)Pc + (m2/4)Pc = 3.603 kW

iii.

the amount of power using Single-Side Band Suppressed Carrier (SSBSC).

[1 mark]
Plsb = Pusb = (m2/4)Pc =1.80 kW

iv.

the percentage power saving of SSBSC compares to Double-Side Band Full

Carrier (DSBFC)

[2 marks]

Power saving = [(12.5 1.8)/12.5] x 100%

= 85.6%

(c) Study the given the modulated wave below and determine the following parameters;

vam (t) = 12sin ( 1000t) 3.25cos( 1020t)+ 3.25cos( 980t)

(i)

Carrier signal frequency and modulating signal frequency

[2 marks]

t 2f c t 1000t ,
1000t
fc
500Hz
2t

t 2 ( f c f m )t 1 0 2 0t ,
10 2 0t
fm
f c 5 1 0 5 0 0 10Hz
2t

(ii)

Upper and lower side band frequency

[2 marks]

f usf f c f m 500 10 510Hz

f l sf f c f m 500 10 490Hz

(iii)

Modulation index and percentage modulation

[1 marks]

mEc
3.25V
2
3.25(2)
m
0.542
12
M m * 100% 54.2%

3. (a) Input to an FM modulator with a modulation index m=1.5, is a modulating signal

Vm(t)=Vm sin (21000t), and an unmodulated carrier Vc(t)=20 sin(2500kt).Using the Bessel
graph, determine
i. number of sets of significant side frequencies

[1 mark]

n =4
ii. Their amplitudes
[2 marks]

Vo = 0.51*20 = 10.2
V1 = 0.56*20 = 11.2
V2 = 0.23*20 = 4.6
V3 = 0.06*20 = 1.2
V4 = 0.01*20 = 0.2

iii. Illustrate the frequency spectrum showing their relative amplitudes

11

[3 marks]

11
10
4.

4.
0.
49

1.

49

1.

49

49

50

50

50

50

0.
50

iv. Assume load resistance RL =50; determine the unmodulated carrier power
[1 mark]
Pc = Vc2/2R = 4 watts

v. the total power in the angle modulated wave.

[3 marks]

Pt = Po+P1+P2+P3+P4
= Vo2/2R + 2V12/2R +2V22/2R + 2V32/2R +2V42/2R
= 1.0404 + 2.5088 + 0.4232 + 0.0288 + 0.0008= 4.002Watts