4

5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47

HydroHelp 1- Turbine selection - EAGLE issue, July 2014

Enter data in blue cells only.
PERENTAK
Comment.
Project input data.
Date of estimate --- >
15-Jul-14
Headpond full supply level, m.
290.00
Headpond low supply level, m.
288.00
Head loss to turbine, % of gross head, at full load.
5.00 Comment
Normal tailwater level, m.
186.00 Comment
Flood tailwater level, m.
189.00 Comment
Design powerplant flow, cubic meters per second.
4.00
Desired number of units.
2
Summer water temperature, degrees Celsius.
25
System frequency, Hz.
50
Generator power factor.
0.90
Maximum allowable gearbox power, MW.
2 Comment
Design standard & generator quality, industrial = 0, utility = 1.
0 Comment
Inflation ratio since 2014
1.00
Program output - turbine heads and flow.
Maximum gross head FSL to normal and flood TWL, m.
Rated net head 1/3 drawdown to normal and flood TWL, m.
Rated flow per unit, cubic meters per second.

Reaction unit. Impulse unit.

104.00
101.00
98.17
92.82
2.00
2.00

Recommended type of reaction turbine.

If no suitable
turbines,
change
number of
units.

Horizontal axis Francis turbine.

Recommended type of impulse turbine.

Horizontal axis BANKI (Ossberger) turbine.

Generating equipment details.
Turbine runner speed, rpm.
Reaction turb. runner throat, impulse turb. outside diameter, m.
Required powerhouse crane capacity, tonnes.
Comment.
Reaction unit horizontal axis, shaft centerline elevation.
Impulse turbine runner centerline elevation.
Generating unit capacity, MW.

Reaction unit. Impulse unit.

1000.0
1000.0
0.556
0.098
14.8
8.8
187.96 ----------------------------------189.20
1.65
1.53

Powerplant capacity, MW.

3.30

3.05

Comment.

2.68

Water to wire cost of generating units. $US, millions.

1.54

If there is an option for either reaction units or impulse units, select impulse if water silty, or if
reaction runner diameter less than about 1.4m. Also, if option available, reaction unit DOES INCLUDE
a turbine inlet valve for direct cost comparison.

Reaction weighted efficiency, % (=0.2x50,65,80,90,100%flow)

Impulse weighted efficiency, % (=0.2x30,45,60,80,100%flow)

89.69
76.51

Comment
Page 1.

48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97

PERENTAK

Comment
Reaction turbine selection to include powerhouse costs, ancilliary equipment and effect of
tailwater level.
Additional input data.
Unit cost of overburden excavation, $/m3.
25
Unit cost of rock excavation, $/m3.
100
Unit cost of concrete, including forms and reinforcing, $/m3.
750
Unit cost of walls and roof, $/m2.
100
Unit cost of steel in superstructure, $/ton.
5,000
Average rock level at powerhouse, elevation, m.
190.0 Comment
Average depth of overburden at powerhouse, m.
2.0
Powerhouse statistics.
Overburden excavation volume, m3.
Rock excavation volume, m3.
Concrete volume, m3.
Additional concrete required to counter floatation, m3.
Steel superstructure weight, metric tonnes.
Powerhouse length, m.
Powerhouse footprint area, m2.
Distance between unit centerlines, m.
Approximate turbine floor level, Elevation, m.
Draft tube sill level, elevation, m.

Reaction unit. Impulse unit.

420
87
222
28
94
26
55 Not applicable
7
16
12.0
7.8
78
22
4.00
2.66
187.41
189.10
186.0
188.92

Powerhouse and ancilliary equipment cost, $millions.

Powerhouse excavation, concrete and superstructure.
Total cost of draft tube gate guide and hoist equipment.
Total cost of powerhouse crane, HVAC and water systems.
Cost of powerhouse and miscellaneous equip. - no units

Reaction unit. Impulse unit.

0.16
0.11
0.00
0.00
0.04
0.02
0.19
0.13
Comment
Recommended type of reaction turbine, including effect of powerhouse cost.

Horizontal axis Francis turbine.

Water to wire cost of generating units. $US, millions.
Cost of civil work on powerhouse, crane, draft tube
gates/hoist and generating equipment. $US millions.
Generating equipment details.
Turbine runner speed, rpm.
Reaction turbine runner throat diameter, m.
Required powerhouse crane capacity, tonnes.
Comment.
Crane span, m.
Reaction unit horizontal axis, shaft centerline elevation.
Generating unit capacity, MW.
Powerplant capacity, MW.

Comment

2.68 Comment
Reaction unit. Impulse unit.

2.87

1.67

Reaction unit. Impulse unit.

1000.0
1000.0
0.56 -----------------8.2
8.8
6.5
1.78
187.96 -----------------1.65
1.53

3.30

3.05
Page 2.

If SAXO, shaft
slope, degrees

PERENTAK
Efficiencies of selected units. (reaction with powerhouse)
Percent of rated flow.
Calc. flow and efficiency at 100 % rated flow
=
Calc. flow and efficiency at 95 % rated flow
=
Calc. flow and efficiency at 90 % rated flow
=
Calc. flow and efficiency at 85 % rated flow
=
Calc. flow and efficiency at 80 % rated flow
=
Calc. flow and efficiency at 75 % rated flow
=
Calc. flow and efficiency at 70 % rated flow
=
Calc. flow and efficiency at 65 % rated flow
=
Calc. flow and efficiency at 60 % rated flow
=
Calc. flow and efficiency at 55 % rated flow
=
Calc. flow and efficiency at 50 % rated flow
=
Calc. flow and efficiency at 45 % rated flow
=
Calc. flow and efficiency at 40 % rated flow
=
Calc. flow and efficiency at 30 % rated flow
=
Calc. flow and efficiency at 20 % rated flow
=

Efficiency %

100
80
60
40
20
20

30

40

50

60

Comment
0

Reaction unit. Impulse unit.

Efficiency, %. Efficiency, %.
90.93
80.00
91.81
80.25
92.27
80.47
92.25
80.67
92.13
80.83
91.80
80.94
91.15
80.71
90.06
80.00
88.43
77.25
86.14
77.52
83.06
77.70
79.09
76.86
74.10
75.13
60.60
67.60
41.61
63.47

Reaction turbine efficiency

70

80

Flow ratio %

100
95
90
85
80
75
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
30 90
20

100

Impulse turbine efficiency

95

Efficiency %

98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149

85
75
65
20

30

40

50

60

Flow ratio %

70

80

90

100

Page 3.

150
151
152
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154
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156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200

PERENTAK
If the recommended turbine is not satisfactory, a second recommendation (based on cost) can be
obtained by eliminating the recommended turbine from consideration with a zero (0) placed opposite
the recommended turbine in Column E. Suitable turbines are shown in column D.

REACTION TURBINES
Column D

Column E

Propeller turbines
Horizontal axis "S" type propeller turbine.
Horizontal axis pit type propeller turbine.
Vertical axis propeller turbine, concrete casing.
Vertical axis propeller turbine, steel casing.

---------------------------------------------------------------------

1
1
1
1

Kaplan turbines
Inclined axis very low head Kaplan gear turbine.
Horizontal axis pit or mini bulb Kaplan turbine unit.
Horizontal axis "S" type Kaplan turbine.
Vertical axis small Kaplan turbine, elbow draft tube.
Vertical or inclined axis "Saxo" axial flow Kaplan turbine.
Vertical axis Kaplan turbine, concrete casing.
Vertical axis Kaplan turbine, steel casing.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1
1
1
1
1
1
1

Francis turbines.
Horizontal axis Francis turbine.
Horizontal axis double runner Francis turbine.
Vertical axis Francis turbine, concrete casing.
Vertical axis Francis turbine, steel casing.

---- YES -------------------------------------------------------

1
1
1
1

IMPULSE TURBINES
Horizontal axis low head impulse turbines.
Horizontal axis BANKI (Ossberger) turbine.
Horizontal axis, 1 jet, 1 turgo runer turbine.
Horizontal axis, 2 jet, 1 turgo runner turbine.

Comment
---- YES ------- YES ------- YES ----

Horizontal axis impulse turbines.

Horizontal axis, 1 jet, 1 runner impulse turbine.
Horizontal axis, 2 jet, 1runner impulse turbine.
Horizontal axis, 1 jet per runner, 2 runner impulse turbine.
Horiz. axis, 2 jets per runner, 2 runner impulse turbine.

Comment
--------------------- YES ------- YES ------- YES ----

Vertical axis impulse turbines.

Vertical axis, 1 jet, 1 runner impulse turbine.
Vertical axis, 2 jet, 1 runner impulse turbine.
Vertical axis, 3 jet, 1 runner impulse turbine.
Vertical axis, 4 jet, 1 runner impulse turbine.
Vertical axis, 5 jet, 1 runner impulse turbine.
Vertical axis, 6 jet, 1 runner impulse turbine.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Comment
1
1
1

1
1
1
1

1
1
1
1
1
1
Page 4.

PERENTAK

Headpond full supply level, m.

Headpond low supply level, m.
Normal tailwater level, m.
Design powerplant flow, cubic meters per second.
Desired number of units.

290.00
288.00
186.00
4.00
2

Basic input
data

Recommended type of reaction turbine, including effect of tailwater.

Horizontal axis Francis turbine.

Recommended type of impulse turbine.

Horizontal axis BANKI (Ossberger) turbine.

Powerplant capacity, MW.

Water to wire cost of generating units. $US, millions.

HYDROHELP 1

Reaction unit.

Impulse unit.

3.30

3.05

Reaction unit.

Impulse unit.

2.68

1.54

A COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR SELECTION AND COSTING

HYDROELECTRIC GENERATING EQUIPMENT

Transformer cost.
Powerplant capacity, MW.
Generator power factor.
Number of transformers
Transformer high voltage. kV
Transformer MVA
Number of phases.
Phase factor
Inflation index Transformer cost $M
Approximate weight, tons.

30.00
0.90
1
25
33
3
1
7.07
1.182
29

Station service transformer cost.

Transformer capacity, MW.
Generator power factor.
Number of transformers
Transformer high voltage. kV
Transformer MVA
Number of phases.
Phase factor
Inflation index
Transformer cost $M
Approximate weight, tons.

0.20
0.90
1.00
13.8
0.22
3
1
7.07
0.193
8

Transformer cost.
Powerplant capacity, MW.
Generator power factor.
Number of transformers
Transformer high voltage. kV
Transformer MVA
Number of phases.
Phase factor
Inflation index - (Mech equip L4)
Transformer cost $M
Approximate weight, tons.

30.00
0.90
1
25
33
3
1
7.07
1.182
29

Station service transformer cost.

Transformer capacity, MW.
Generator power factor.
Number of transformers
Transformer high voltage. kV
Transformer MVA
Number of phases.

0.20
0.90
1.00
13.8
0.22
3

Phase factor
Inflation index
Transformer cost $M
Approximate weight, tons.

1
7.07
0.193
8

PRINT FIRST 5 PAGES ONLY

READ ALL YELLOW COMMENT

CELLS FIRST
Program crashes if flood tailwater below normal tailwater.

After unit selection, proceed to

HydroHelp 2 Francis units, or
HydroHelp 3 Impulse units, or
HydroHelp 4 Kaplan units
for detailed design and cost analysis of
prospective hydro site.

For use in Cell D6

Optional optimum head loss
calculation module
Gross head on turbine, m.
Total conduit length intake to powerhouse, m.
Plant capacity factor (0.4 to 0.8)

Calculated probable optimum conduit head

loss intake to powerhouse, %. --- >

104.00
3,500
0.6

17.4

Note - in HydroHelp 2, 3 and 4, the cost of

the generating equipment may differ slightly
from the cost estimated by this program.
This is due to the different turbine
submergence, usage and installation cost
factors used in HydroHelp 2, 3 or 4, where
these factors are user-defined, and not
determined by the program.

Red quantity in cell indicates INCORRECT data entry.

See powerhouse rock levels and overburden
excavations. Negative numbers could result in wrong
turbine selection.

Note - If a different turbine is selected

when the powerhouse cost is
included, and this recommendation
is accepted, de-select all other
turbines in Cells E160 to E178, to
ensure the correct generating data is
shown in Cells D63 to D71.

This sheet is
protected. To
remove protection,
password is open

Due to normal variations in

flow, the program will reject
propeller units where there are
less than 3 required, and/or
where the drawdown exceeds
10% of the gross head.

Estimated
cost
$M
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

2.68
0.00
0.00
0.00

1.54
6.04
4.70

0.00
4.90
6.29
5.40

Comment
Comment
Comment

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

The estimated cost

is shown for all
suitable turbines,
and is for
comparison only, to
facilitate unit
selection.
Where there is a
choice between
horizontal and
vertical units,
remember that
access for
maintenance on
small units is easier
with a horizontal
shaft.
This is
particularly
important for
impulse units,
where maintenace
on runners and
spear jets may be
required to counter
sand erosion
effects.

COVER SHEET IF REQUIRED.

Inflation
ratio
correction
factor

1.810 Comment