CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

Objective of the study:

To find the stress levels of the employees.
To find the stress scores for the overall sample.
To find the relationship between the stress levels and Demographic factor like
age, experience and designation .
To find the stress causing factors arising out from the Atmosphere.

Finally to make an attempt to suggest few measures and Activities that helps
in effective management and control of Stress

SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The study is confined to the factors consider to the stress management

With reference to different employees of HDFC Bank and their opinion, satisfaction
and awareness about the stress management and the ways to overcome it.

Research Flowchart
Questionnaire research design proceeds in an orderly and specific manner.
Each item in the flow chart depends upon the successful completion of all the
previous items. Therefore, it is important not to skip a single step. Notice that there
are two feedback loops in the flow chart to allow revisions to the methodology and
instruments.
Design Methodology
Determine Feasibility
Develop Instruments
Select Sample
Conduct Pilot Test
Revise Instruments
Conduct Research
Analyze Data
Prepare Report

Limitation of the study

4

 The questionnaires were filled be 35 employees working in the three major Banks
i.e. Axis Bank, HDFC Bank and SBI Bank. So the scope of sample findings was
less.

35 employees of different designations filled the questionnaire. So the point of view

of employees differs as per their designations.

The employees from whom the questionnaires are filled are in a heavy workload so
some of the questionnaires filled by the employees who are in stress cannot be
called reasonable.

The responses of the employees cannot be accurate as the problem of language and
understanding arises. (These problems are not in all cases.)

One of the other problems of questionnaire is the cost. Sometimes it may be

possible that even by spending so much the result may not be reasonable.

Many a times the employees may not be really conscious or may not be bothered
about the questionnaire. This may create a problem in the research.

CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVEIW

INTRODUCTION TO HRM
Human Resource Management is

an art

of managing people at

work in such a manner that they give their best to the organization. In simple
word human resource management refers to the quantitative aspects of
employees working in an organization.
Human Resource Management is also a management function concerned
with hiring, motivating, and maintains people in an organization. It focuses on people
in organization.
Organizations are not mere bricks, mortar, machineries or inventories.
They are people. It is the who staff and manage organizations.
HRM involves the application of management functions and principles.
The functions and principles are applied to acquisitioning, developing, maintain, and
remunerating employees in organizations.

Decisions relating to employees must be integrated. Decision on different

aspect of employees must be consistent with other human resource decisions.
Decision made must influence the effectiveness of organization.
Effectiveness of an organization must result in betterment of services to customers in
the form of high-quality product supplied at reasonable costs.

HRM function s is not confined to business establishment only. They are

applicable to non-business organizations, too such as education, health care,
recreation etc.

The scope of HRM is indeed vast. All major activities in the working life
of his or her entry into an organization until he or she leaves-come under the previews
of HRM.specifically, the activities included are HR planning, job analysis and be sign,

recruitment and selection, orientation and placement, training and development,

performance appraisal and job evaluation, employee and executive remuneration,
motivation and communication, welfare, safety and health, industrial relations and the
like.
HRM is a broad concept Personnel management and human resource
development is a part of HRM.
Before we define Human Resource Management, it seems good to
first define heterogeneous in the sense that they differ in personality, perception,
emotions, values, attitudes, motives, and modes of thoughts.
Human resource management plays an important role in the
development process of modern economy. In fact it is said that all the
development comes from the human mind.

Human Resource Management is a process of producing

development, maintaining and controlling human resources for effective
achievement of organization goals.

CONCEPT OF STRESS
INTRODUCTION TO STRESS

A lot of research has been conducted into stress over the last hundred
years. Some of the theories behind it are now settled and accepted; others are still
being researched and debated. During this time, there seems to have been something
approaching open warfare between competing theories and definitions: Views have
been passionately held and aggressively defended.
What complicates this is that intuitively we all feel that we know what
stress is, as it is something we have all experienced. A definition should therefore be
obviousexcept that it is not.

Definition:
Hans Selye was one of the founding fathers of stress research. His view in
1956 was that stress is not necessarily something bad it all depends on how you
take it. The stress of exhilarating, creative successful work is beneficial, while that of
failure, humiliation or infection is detrimental. Selye believed that the biochemical
effects of stress would be experienced irrespective of whether the situation was
positive or negative.
Since then, a great deal of further research has been conducted, and ideas
have moved on. Stress is now viewed as a "bad thing", with a range of harmful
biochemical and long-term effects. These effects have rarely been observed in positive
situations.
The most commonly accepted definition of stress (mainly attributed to
Richard S Lazarus) is that stress is a condition or feeling experienced when a
person perceives that demands exceed the personal and social resources the

individual is able to mobilize. In short, it's what we feel when we think we've lost
control of events.
This is the main definition used by this section of Mind Tools, although we
also recognize that there is an intertwined instinctive stress response to unexpected
events. The stress response inside us is therefore part instinct and part to do with the
way we think.

The types of stress are as follows

Mechanical

Stress (physics), the average amount of force exerted per unit area.

Yield stress, the stress at which a material begins to deform plastically.

Compressive stress, the stress applied to materials resulting in their

compaction.

Biological

Stress (biological), physiological or psychological stress; some types include:

o

Chronic stress, persistent stress which can lead to illness and mental
disorder

Eustress, positive stress that can lead to improved long-term

functioning

Workplace stress, stress caused by employment

Music

Accent (music).

Stress (band), an early '80s melodic rock band from San Diego.

Stress (punk band), an early '80s punk rock band from Athens.

Stress (Neo-Psychedelic band), from the late 1980's.

Stress, a song by the French band Justice on their debut album

10

Other

Stress (game), card game

Stress (linguistics), phonological use of prominence in language

Stress (physics), the average amount of force exerted per

unit area.
Stress is a measure of the average amount of force exerted per unit area. It is a
measure of the intensity of the total internal forces acting within a body across
imaginary internal surfaces, as a reaction to external applied forces and body
forces. It was introduced into the theory of elasticity by Cauchy around 1822.
Stress is a concept that is based on the concept of continuum. In general, stress is
expressed as

Where
Is the average stress, also called engineering or nominal stress, and
Is the force acting over the area .

Chronic Stress
Chronic stress is stress that lasts a long time or occurs frequently. Chronic stress is
potentially damaging.
Symptoms of chronic stress can be:

upset stomach

headache

backache
11

insomnia

anxiety

depression

anger

In the most severe cases it can lead to panic attacks or a panic disorder.
There are a variety of methods to control chronic stress, including exercise, healthy
diet, stress management, relaxation techniques, adequate rest, and relaxing hobbies.
Ensuring a healthy diet containing magnesium may help control or eliminate stress, in
those individuals with lower levels of magnesium or those who have a magnesium
deficiency. Chronic stress can also lead to a magnesium deficiency, which can be a
factor in continued chronic stress, and a whole host of other negative medical
conditions caused by a magnesium deficiency.
It has been discovered that there is a huge upsurge in the number of people who suffer
from this condition. A very large number of these new cases suffer from insomnia.
In a review of the scientific literature on the relationship between stress and disease,
the authors found that stress plays a role in triggering or worsening depression and
cardiovascular disease and in speeding the progression of HIV/AIDS.
Compressive stress:
Compressive stress is the stress applied to materials resulting in their
compaction (decrease of volume). When a material is subjected to compressive stress,
then this material is under compression. Usually, compressive stress applied to bars,
columns, etc. leads to shortening.
Loading a structural element or a specimen will increase the compressive stress until
the reach of compressive strength.

behavior

12

According to the properties of the

material, failure will occur as yield for materials with ductile (most metals, some soils
and plastics) or as rupture for brittle behavior (geometries, cast iron, glass, etc).
In long, slender structural elements -- such as columns or truss bars -- an increase of
compressive force F leads to structural failure due to buckling at lower stress than the
compressive strength.
Compressive stress has stress units (force per unit area), usually with negative values
to indicate the compaction. However in geotechnical engineering, compressive stress
is represented with positive values.

Stress in Biological terms:

Stress is a biological term which refers to the consequences of the failure of a human
or animal body to respond appropriately to emotional or physical threats to the
organism, whether actual or imagined. It includes a state of alarm and adrenaline
production, short-term resistance as a coping mechanism, and exhaustion. It refers to
the inability of a human or animal body to respond. Common stress symptoms include
irritability, muscular tension, inability to concentrate and a variety of physical
reactions, such as headaches and accelerated heart rate.
The term "stress" was first used by the endocrinologist Hans Selye in the 1930s to
identify physiological responses in laboratory animals. He later broadened and
popularized the concept to include the perceptions and responses of humans trying to
adapt to the challenges of everyday life. In Selye's terminology, "stress" refers to the
reaction of the organism, and "stressor" to the perceived threat. Stress in certain
circumstances may be experienced positively. Eustress, for example, can be an
adaptive response prompting the activation of internal resources to meet challenges
and achieve goals.
The term is commonly used by laypersons in a metaphorical rather than literal or
biological sense, as a catch-all for any perceived difficulties in life. It also became a
euphemism, a way of referring to problems and eliciting sympathy without being
explicitly confessional, just "stressed out". It covers a huge range of phenomena from
mild irritation to the kind of severe problems that might result in a real breakdown of

13

health. In popular usage almost any event or situation between these extremes could
be described as stressful.

what is Stress?
Stress refers to the strain from the conflict between our external environment and us,
leading to emotional and physical pressure. In our fast paced world, it is impossible to
live without stress, whether you are a student or a working adult. There is both
positive and negative stress, depending on each individuals unique perception of the
tension between the two forces. Not all stress is bad. For example, positive stress, also
known as eustress, can help an individual to function at optimal effectiveness and
efficiency.
Hence, it is evident that some form of positive stress can add more color and vibrancy
to our lives. The presence of a deadline, for example, can push us to make the most of
our time and produce greater efficiency. It is important to keep this in mind, as stress
management refers to using stress to our advantage, and not on eradicating the
presence of stress in our lives.
On the other hand, negative stress can result in mental and physical strain. The
individual will experience symptoms such as tensions, headaches, irritability and in
extreme cases, heart palpitations. Hence, whilst some stress may be seen as a
motivating force, it is important to manage stress levels so that it does not have an
adverse impact on your health and relationships.
Part of managing your stress levels include learning about how stress can affect you
emotionally and physically, as well as how to identify if you are performing at your
optimal stress level (OSL) or if you are experiencing negative stress. This knowledge
will help you to identify when you need to take a break, or perhaps seek professional
help. It is also your first step towards developing techniques to managing your stress
levels.
Modern day stresses can take the form of monetary needs, or emotional frictions.
Competition at work and an increased workload can also cause greater levels of
stress. How do you identify if you are suffering from excessive stress? Psychological

14

symptoms commonly experienced include insomnia, headaches and an inability to

breathlessness, excessive sweating and stomachaches.
What causes stress? There are many different causes of stress, and that which causes
stress is also known as a stressor. Common lifestyle stressors include performance,
threat, and bereavement stressors, to name a few. Performance stressors are triggered
when an individual is placed in a situation where he feels focus. Physical symptoms
take the form of heart palpitations, a need to excel. This could be during performance
appraisals, lunch with the boss, or giving a speech. Threat stressors are usually when
the current situation poses a dangerous threat, such as an economic downturn, or from
an accident. Lastly, bereavement stressors occur when there is a sense of loss such as
the death of a loved one, or a prized possession.
Thus, there are various stressors, and even more varied methods and techniques of
dealing with stress and turning it to our advantages. In order to do so, we must learn
to tell when we have crossed the line from positive to negative stress.
Good stress v/s Bad stress:
Stress has often been misunderstood to be negative, with few people acknowledging
the importance and usefulness of positive stress. In our everyday lives, stress is
everywhere and definitely unavoidable; hence our emphasis should be on
differentiating between what is good stress, and what is bad. This will help us to learn
to cope with negative stress, and harness the power of positive stress to help us
achieve more.
There are 4 main categories of stress, namely eustress, distress, hyper stress and hypo
stress. Negative stress can cause many physical and psychological problems, whilst
positive stress can be very helpful for us. Heres how we differentiate between them.
Eustress:
this is a positive form of stress, which prepares your mind and body for the imminent
challenges that it has perceived. Eustress is a natural physical reaction by your body
which increases blood flow to your muscles, resulting in a higher heart rate. Athletes

15

before a competition or perhaps a manager before a major presentation would do well

with eustress, allowing them to derive the inspiration and strength that is needed.
Distress
We are familiar with this word, and know that it is a negative form of stress. This
occurs when the mind and body is unable to cope with changes, and usually occurs
when there are deviations from the norm. They can be categorized into acute stress
and chronic stress. Acute stress is intense, but does not last for long. On the other
hand, chronic stress persists over a long period of time. Trigger events for distress
can be a change in job scope or routine that the person is unable to handle or cope
with.
Hyper

stress

This is another form of negative stress that occurs when the individual is unable to
cope with the workload. Examples include highly stressful jobs, which require longer
working hours than the individual can handle. If you suspect that you are suffering
from hyper stress, you are likely to have sudden emotional breakdowns over
insignificant issues, the proverbial straws that broke the camels back. It is important
for you to recognize that your body needs a break, or you may end up with severe and
chronic physical and psychological reactions.
Hypo

stress

Lastly, hypo stress occurs when a person has nothing to do with his time and feels
constantly bored and unmotivated. This is due to an insufficient amount of stress;
hence some stress is inevitable and helpful to us. Companies should avoid having
workers who experience hypo stress as this will cause productivity and mindfulness to
fall. If the job scope is boring and repetitive, it would be a good idea to implement
some form of job rotation so that there is always something new to learn.
The types of stress are named as eustress and distress. Distress is the most
commonly-referred to type of stress, having negative implications, whereas eustress
is a positive form of stress, usually related to desirable events in person's life. Both
can be equally taxing on the body, and are cumulative in nature, depending on a
person's way of adapting to a change that has caused it.

16

Coping with Stress at Work place

With the rapid advancement of technology, the stresses faced at work have also
increased. Many people dread going to work, hence the term Monday Blues. What
is the reason for this? There is partly the fear from being retrenched in bad times,
leading to greater job insecurity on the part of those who remain. Undoubtedly,
occupational stress is one of the most commonly cited stressors faced by people all
over the world.
Stress refers to the pressure and reactions to our environment which results in
psychological and physical reactions. Whilst some stress is good for motivation and
increasing efficiency, too much stress can result in negative impacts such as reduced
effectiveness and efficiency. More and more people are feeling isolated and
disrespected at work, and this has led to greater occupational stress. Many companies
have taken to consulting experts and professionals on ways to increase connectedness
and motivation of their employees.
Some companies organize parties and make their employees feel valued at work.
These are measures to motivate employees and help them to feel secure at their jobs,
translating into greater productivity. However, not all companies have such measures
in place, and some have not gotten it quite right. Hence, it is up to you to make sure
that you can cope with stress at your workplace, and use it to help you work better.
Here are 3 simple steps to help you with coping with stress in the workplace.

Step 1: Raising Awareness

Help yourself to identify when you are facing rising levels of stress, tipping the scales
from positive to negative. This is important, as being able to identify signs of being
stressed can help you to take steps to ensure that your overall quality of life does not
drop. If left unacknowledged, the problem will only snowball, leading to disastrous
consequences to your health and overall wellbeing.
You can identify if you are feeling stressed by checking if you have any physical or
psychological reactions, such as excessive sweating or heart palpitations, or the onset
of headaches, irritability or the need to escape. If you experience any of these

17

reactions, identify if you are feeling any overwhelming negative emotions, and if you
are constantly worried.

Step 2: Identify the Cause

You need to be able to analyze the situation and identify what is causing the rise in
stress. These stressors can be external and internal. External stressors refer to things
beyond your control, such as the environment or your colleagues at work. Internal
stressors refer to your own thinking and attitude. Often, we only start reacting to stress
when a combination of stressors working together exceeds our ability to cope.
Keep a diary or a list of events that have caused you to feel strong negative emotions,
or that are likely stressors. This will help you to identify the causes of your stress.
Whilst it is not always possible to eradicate them, we can change the way that we
cope with it.
Step 3: Coping with Stress
In order to deal with the situation that is causing you stress, you need to calm your
mind and body so as to stave off the reactions and cope with it in a positive way. This
can be through different methods, such as taking time off. If a situation is triggering
your stress and you are unable to calm down, remove yourself from it. Go outside and
take a walk to calm down. Alternatively, you can try implementing relaxation
techniques such as deep breathing. If it is an internal stressor, stop your thought
process until you are able to deal with it logically.
The key to making these 3 steps work for you is to practice them. These are not
instantaneous solutions, and you need to condition your mind and practice them so
that you can implement it when you are feeling stressed.
Stress Management
Stress management is the need of the hour. However hard we try to go
beyond a stress situation, life seems to find new ways of stressing us out and plaguing
us with anxiety attacks. Moreover, be it our anxiety, mind-body exhaustion or our
erring attitudes, we tend to overlook causes of stress and the conditions triggered by

18

those. In such unsettling moments we often forget that stressors, if not escapable, are
fairly manageable and treatable.
Stress, either quick or constant, can induce risky body-mind disorders.
Immediate disorders such as dizzy spells, anxiety attacks, tension, sleeplessness,
nervousness and muscle cramps can all result in chronic health problems. They may
also affect our immune, cardiovascular and nervous systems and lead individuals to
habitual addictions, which are inter-linked with stress.
Like "stress reactions", "relaxation responses" and stress management
techniques are some of the body's important built-in response systems. As a relaxation
response the body tries to get back balance in its homeostasis. Some hormones
released during the 'fight or flight' situation prompt the body to replace the lost
carbohydrates and fats, and restore the energy level. The knotted nerves, tightened
muscles and an exhausted mind crave for looseness. Unfortunately, today, we don't
get relaxing and soothing situations without asking. To be relaxed we have to strive to
create such situations.

Recognizing a stressor:
It is important to recognize whether you are under stress or out of it. Many
times, even if we are under the influence of a stressful condition and our body reacts
to it internally as well as externally, we fail to realize that we are reacting under stress.
This also happens when the causes of stress are there long enough for us to get
habituated to them. The body constantly tries to tell us through symptoms such as
rapid palpitation, dizzy spells, tight muscles or various body aches that something is
wrong. It is important to remain attentive to such symptoms and to learn to cope with
the situations.
We cope better with stressful situation, when we encounter them voluntarily. In cases
of relocation, promotion or layoff, adventurous sports or having a baby, we tend to
respond positively under stress. But, when we are compelled into such situations
against our will or knowledge, more often than not, we wilt at the face of unknown
and imagined threats. For instance, stress may mount when one is coerced into
undertaking some work against one's will.

19

Laughter:
Adopting a humorous view towards life's situations can take the edge off everyday
stressors. Not being too serious or in a constant alert mode helps maintain the
equanimity of mind and promote clear thinking. Being able to laugh stress away is the
smartest way to ward off its effects.
A sense of humor also allows us to perceive and appreciate the incongruities of life
and provides moments of delight. The emotions we experience directly affect our
immune system. The positive emotions can create neurochemical changes that buffer
the immunosuppressive effects of stress.

During stress, the adrenal gland releases corticosteroids, which are converted to
cortical in the blood stream. These have an immunosuppressive effect. Dr. Lee Berk
and fellow researcher Dr. Stanley Tan at Loma Linda University School of Medicine
have produced carefully controlled studies showing that the experience of laughter
lowers serum cortical levels, increases the amount and activity of T lymphocytesthe
natural killer cells. Laughter also increases the number of T cells that have suppresser
receptors.
What Laughter Can Do Against Stress And Its Effects?
Laughter lowers blood pressure and reduces hypertension.
It provides good cardiac conditioning especially for those who are unable to perform
physical exercise.
Reduces stress hormones (studies shows, laughter induces reduction of at least four
of neuroendocrine hormonesepinephrine, cortical, dopac, and growth hormone,
associated with stress response).
Laughter cleanses the lungs and body tissues of accumulated stale air as it empties
more air than it takes in. It is beneficial for patients suffering from emphysema and
other respiratory ailments.

20

 It increases muscle flexion, relaxation and fluent blood circulation in body.

Boosts immune function by raising levels of infection-fighting T-cells, diseasefighting proteins called Gamma-interferon and disease-destroying antibodies called Bcells.

Laughter triggers the release of endorphinsbody's natural painkillers.

Produces a general sense of well-being.

Workplace Stress
Workplace stress is the harmful physical and emotional response that occurs when
there is a poor match between job demands and the capabilities, resources, or needs of
the worker. Stress-related disorders encompass a broad array of conditions, including
psychological disorders (e.g., depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder) and
other types of emotional strain (e.g., dissatisfaction, fatigue, tension, etc.),
maladaptive behaviors (e.g., aggression, substance abuse), and cognitive impairment
(e.g., concentration and memory problems). In turn, these conditions may lead to poor
work performance or even injury. Job stress is also associated with various biological
reactions that may lead ultimately to compromised health, such as cardiovascular
disease.
Stress is a prevalent and costly problem in today's workplace. About one-third of
workers report high levels of stress. One-quarter of employees view their jobs as the
number one stressor in their lives. Three-quarters of employees believe the worker has
more on-the-job stress than a generation ago. Evidence also suggests that stress is the
major cause of turnover in organizations.
Health and Healthcare Utilization
Problems at work are more strongly associated with health complaints than are any
other life stressor-more so than even financial problems or family problems. Many
studies suggest that psychologically demanding jobs that allow employees little
21

control over the work process increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. On the basis
of research by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health and many
other organizations, it is widely believed that job stress increases the risk for
development of back and upper-extremity musculoskeletal disorders. High levels of
stress are associated with substantial increases in health service utilization. Workers
who report experiencing stress at work also show excessive health care utilization. In
a 1998 study of 46,000 workers, health care costs were nearly 50% greater for
workers reporting high levels of stress in comparison to low risk workers. The
increment rose to nearly 150%, an increase of more than $1,700 per person annually,
for workers reporting high levels of both stress and depression. Additionally, periods
of disability due to job stress tend to be much longer than disability periods for other
occupational injuries and illnesses.

Causes of Workplace Stress

children Job stress results from the interaction of the worker and the conditions of
work. Views differ on the importance of worker characteristics versus working
conditions as the primary cause of job stress. The differing viewpoints suggest
different ways to prevent stress at work. According to one school of thought,
differences in individual characteristics such as personality and coping skills are most
important in predicting whether certain job conditions will result in stress-in other
words, what is stressful for one person may not be a problem for someone else. This
viewpoint leads to prevention strategies that focus on workers and ways to help them
cope with demanding job conditions. Although the importance of individual
differences cannot be ignored, scientific evidence suggests that certain working
conditions are stressful to most people. Such evidence argues for a greater emphasis
on working conditions as the key source of job stress, and for job redesign as a
primary prevention strategy. Personal interview surveys of working conditions,
including conditions recognized as risk factors for job stress, were conducted in
Member States of the European Union in 1990, 1995, and 2000. Results showed a
trend across these periods suggestive of increasing work intensity. In 1990, the
percentage of workers reporting that they worked at high speeds at least one-fourth of
their working time was 48%, increasing to 54% in 1995 and to 56% in 2000.
Similarly, 50% of workers reported they work against tight deadlines at least one-

22

fourth of their working time in 1990, increasing to 56% in 1995 and 60 % in 2000.
However, no change was noted in the period 19952000 (data not collected in 1990)
in the percentage of workers reporting sufficient time to complete tasks. A substantial
percentage of Americans work very long hours. By one estimate, more than 26% of
men and more than 11% of women worked 50 hours per week or more in 2000. These
figures represent a considerable increase over the previous three decades, especially
for women. According to the Department of Labor, there has been an upward trend in
hours worked among employed women, an increase in extended work weeks (>40
hours) by men, and a considerable increase in combined working hours among
working couples, particularly couples with young.
Signs of Workplace Stress
Mood and sleep disturbances, upset stomach and headache, and disturbed
relationships with family; friends and girlfriends or boyfriends are examples of stressrelated problems. The effects of job stress on chronic diseases are more difficult to see
because chronic diseases take a long time to develop and can be influenced by many
factors other than stress. Nonetheless, evidence is rapidly accumulating to suggest that
stress plays an important role in several types of chronic health problems-especially
cardiovascular disease, musculoskeletal disorders, and psychological disorders.
Prevention
A combination of organizational change and stress management is often the most
useful approach for preventing stress at work.
How to Change the Organization to Prevent Job Stress

Ensure that the workload is in line with workers' capabilities and resources.

Design jobs to provide meaning, stimulation, and opportunities for workers to

use their skills.

Clearly define workers' roles and responsibilities.

Give workers opportunities to participate in decisions and actions affecting

their jobs.

Improve communications-reduce uncertainty about career development and

future employment prospects.

23

Provide opportunities for social interaction among workers.

Establish

work

schedules

that

are

compatible

with

demands

and

responsibilities outside the job.

Discrimination inside the workplace. (e.g. nationality and language )

St. Paul Fire and Marine Insurance Company conducted several studies on the effects
of stress prevention programs in hospital settings. Program activities included (1)
employee and management education on job stress, (2) changes in hospital policies
and procedures to reduce organizational sources of stress, and (3) establishment of
employee assistance programs. In one study, the frequency of medication errors
declined by 50% after prevention activities was implemented in a 700-bed hospital. In
a second study, there was a 70% reduction in malpractice claims in 22 hospitals that
implemented stress prevention activities. In contrast, there was no reduction in claims
in a matched group of 22 hospitals that did not implement stress prevention activities.

Reduce your stress

1. Job analysis: -

We have all experienced that appalling sense of having far

too much work to do and too little time to do it in. We can choose to ignore this, and
work unreasonably long hours to stay on top of our workload. The risks here are that
we become exhausted, that we have so much to do that we do a poor quality job and
that we neglect other areas of our life. Each of these can lead to intense stress.
The alternative is to work more intelligently, by focusing on the things that are
important for job success and reducing the time we spend on low priority tasks. Job
Analysis is the first step in doing this.

The first of the action-oriented skills that we look at is Job Analysis. Job Analysis is a
key technique for managing job overload an important source of stress.

To do an excellent job, you need to fully understand what is

expected of you. While this may seem obvious, in the hurly- burly
of a new, fast-moving, high-pressure role, it is oftentimes something that is easy to
overlook.

24

By understanding the priorities in your job, and what constitutes success within it, you
can focus on these activities and minimize work on other tasks as much as possible.
This helps you get the greatest return from the work you do, and keep your workload
under control.
Job Analysis is a useful technique for getting a firm grip on what really is important in
your job so that you are able to perform excellently. It helps you to cut through clutter
and distraction to get to the heart of what you need to do.

2. Rational & positive thinking: You are thinking negatively when you fear the future, put yourself down, criticize
yourself for errors, doubt your abilities, or expect failure. Negative thinking damages
confidence, harms performance and paralyzes mental skills.
Unfortunately, negative thoughts tend to flit into our consciousness, do their damage
and flit back out again, with their significance having barely been noticed. Since we
barely realize that they were there, we do not challenge them properly, which means
that they can be completely incorrect and wrong.
Thought Awareness is the process by which you observe your thoughts and become
aware of what is going through your head.
One approach to it is to observe your "stream of consciousness" as you think about
the thing you're trying to achieve which is stressful. Do not suppress any thoughts.
Instead, just let them run their course while you watch them, and write them down on
our free worksheet as they occur. Then let them go.
Another more general approach to Thought Awareness comes with logging stress in
your Stress Diary. When you analyze your diary at the end of the period, you should
be able to see the most common and the most damaging thoughts. Tackle these as a
priority using the techniques below.
Here are some typical negative thoughts you might experience when preparing to give
a major presentation:

Fear about the quality of your performance or of problems that may interfere
with it;

25

Worry about how the audience (especially important people in it like your
boss) or the press may react to you;

Dwelling on the negative consequences of a poor performance; or

Self-criticism over a less-than-perfect rehearsal.

Thought awareness is the first step in the process of managing negative thoughts, as
you cannot manage thoughts that you are unaware of.

Rational Thinking
The next step in dealing with negative thinking is to challenge the negative thoughts
that you identified using the Thought Awareness technique. Look at every thought you
wrote down and challenge it rationally. Ask yourself whether the thought is
reasonable. What evidence is there for and against the thought? Would your
colleagues and mentors agree or disagree with it?
Looking at the examples, the following challenges could be made to the negative
thoughts we identified earlier:

Feelings of inadequacy: Have you trained yourself as well as you reasonably

should have? Do you have the experience and resources you need to make the
presentation? Have you planned, prepared and rehearsed enough? If you have
done all of these, you've done as much as you can to give a good performance.

Worries about performance during rehearsal: If some of your practice was

less than perfect, then remind yourself that the purpose of the practice is to
identify areas for improvement, so that these can be sorted out before the
performance.

Problems with issues outside your control: Have you

identified the risks of these things happening, and have

you

taken steps to reduce the likelihood of them happening or their impact if they
do? What will you do if they occur? And what do you need others to do for
you?

Worry about other people's reactions: If you have prepared well, and you
do the best you can, then you should be satisfied. If you perform as well as

26

you reasonably can, then fair people are likely to respond well. If people are
not fair, the best thing to do is ignore their comments and rise above them.

Tip:
Don't make the mistake of generalizing a single incident. OK, you made a mistake at
work, but that doesn't mean you're bad at your job.
Similarly, make sure you take the long view about incidents that you're finding
stressful. Just because you're finding these new responsibilities stressful now, doesn't
mean that they will ALWAYS be so for you in the future.

Tip:
If you find it difficult to look at your negative thoughts objectively, imagine that you
are your best friend or a respected coach or mentor. Look at the list of negative
thoughts and imagine the negative thoughts were written by someone you were giving
objective advice to. Then, think how you would challenge these thoughts.
When you challenge negative thoughts rationally, you should be able to see quickly
whether the thoughts are wrong or whether they have some substance to them. Where
there is some substance, take appropriate action. However, make sure that your
negative thoughts are genuinely important to achieving your goals, and don't just
reflect a lack of experience, which everyone has to go through at some stage.

Positive Thinking & Opportunity Seeking

By now, you should already be feeling more positive. The final step is to prepare
rational, positive thoughts and affirmations to counter any remaining negativity. It can
also be useful to look at the situation and see if there are any useful opportunities that
are offered by it.
By basing your affirmations on the clear, rational assessments of facts that you made
using Rational Thinking, you can use them to undo the damage that negative thinking
may have done to your self-confidence.
27

Tip:
Your affirmations will be strongest if they are specific, are expressed in the present
tense and have strong emotional content.
Continuing the examples above, positive affirmations might be:

Problems during practice: "I have learned from my rehearsals. This has put
me in a position where I can deliver a great performance. I am going to
perform well and enjoy the event."

Worries about performance: "I have prepared well and rehearsed

thoroughly. I am well positioned to give an excellent performance."

Problems issues outside your control: "I have thought through everything
that might reasonably happen and have planned how I can handle all likely
contingencies. I am very well placed to react flexibly to events."

Worry about other people's reaction: "Fair people will react well to a good
performance. I will rise above any unfair criticism in a mature and
professional way."

If appropriate, write these affirmations down on your worksheet so that you can use
them when you need them.
As well as allowing you to structure useful affirmations, part of Positive Thinking is
to look at opportunities that the situation might offer to you. In the examples above,
successfully overcoming the situations causing the original negative thinking will
open up opportunities. You will acquire new skills, you will be seen as someone who
can handle difficult challenges, and you may open up new career opportunities.

Research Methodology
Research Objective: -

28

Stress is a dynamic condition in witch an individual is confronted with an

opportunity, demand or resource related to what the individual desires and for which
the outcome is perceived to be both uncertain and important. This is a complicated
definition.

Stress is not necessarily bad in and of itself. Although stress is typically

discussed in a negative context, it also has a positive value. Its an opportunity when it
offers potential gain. Consider for example, the superior performance that an athlete
or stage performer gives in clutch situations. Such individuals often use stress
positively to rise to the occasion and perform at or near their maximum. Similarly,
many professionals see the pressures of heavy workloads and deadlines as positive
challenges that enhance the quality of their work and the satisfaction the get from
their job.

But it is different in the case of bank employees. The bank employees are the
people who also have to achieve the certain target and so for the non achievement of
target the employees remain stressed and tensed. The employees who have the simple
table work also have to face the problem of stress. Due to recession the banking sector
is also facing the problem of employee cut-offs and so the work load of the existing
employees increases and the feel stressed.

The types of stress are named as eustress and distress. Distress is the most
commonly-referred to type of stress, having negative implications, whereas eustress
is a positive form of stress, usually related to desirable events in person's life. Both

can be equally taxing on the body, and are cumulative in nature,

depending on a person's way of adapting to a change that has
caused it. Stress management is the need of the hour. However hard we try to go
beyond a stress situation, life seems to find new ways of stressing us out and plaguing
us with anxiety attacks. Moreover, be it our anxiety, mind-body exhaustion or our
erring attitudes, we tend to overlook causes of stress and the conditions triggered by
those. In such unsettling moments we often forget that stressors, if not escapable, are
fairly manageable and treatable.

29

Stress, either quick or constant, can induce risky body-mind disorders.

Immediate disorders such as dizzy spells, anxiety attacks, tension, sleeplessness,
nervousness and muscle cramps can all result in chronic health problems. They may
also affect our immune, cardiovascular and nervous systems and lead individuals to
habitual addictions, which are inter-linked with stress.

Like "stress reactions", "relaxation responses" and stress management techniques are
some of the body's important built-in response systems. As a relaxation response the
body tries to get back balance in its homeostasis. Some hormones released during the
'fight or flight' situation prompt the body to replace the lost carbohydrates and fats,
and restore the energy level. The knotted nerves, tightened muscles and an exhausted
mind crave for looseness. Unfortunately, today, we don't get relaxing and soothing
situations without asking. To be relaxed we have to strive to create such situations.

This research is to carry out the study that how much stressed the employees
of the banks are and how do their stress affect their work life, social life, output etc. so
a sample of 14 to 15 employees are selected from all the three banks for the research
of stress among them.

Sampling
Sample: I have taken the sample of 35 employees from three different banks of
Bhavnagar. All the employees were of the same designations.
Reason: As we find the employees of the bank to be more stressful as more and more
employees are taking VRS and are dismissed because of inflation. I have selected
only those three banks which are affiliated to the public and are specialized in
consumer needs fulfillment.

It is incumbent on the researcher to clearly define the target population.

There are no strict rules to follow, and the researcher must rely on logic and judgment.
The population is defined in keeping with the objectives of the study.

30

Sometimes, the entire population will be sufficiently small, and the

researcher can include the entire population in the study. This type of research is
called a census study because data is gathered on every member of the population.
Usually, the population is too large for the researcher to attempt to survey
all of its members. A small, but carefully chosen sample can be used to represent the
population. The sample reflects the characteristics of the population from which it is
drawn.

Sampling methods are classified as either probability or non probability. In

probability samples, each member of the population has a known non-zero probability
of being selected. Probability methods include random sampling, systematic
sampling, and stratified sampling. In non probability sampling, members are selected
from the population in some nonrandom manner. These include convenience
sampling, judgment sampling, quota sampling, and snowball sampling. The advantage
of probability sampling is that sampling error can be calculated. Sampling error is the
degree to which a sample might differ from the population. When inferring to the
population, results are reported plus or minus the sampling error. In non probability
sampling, the degree to which the sample differs from the population remains
unknown.

Random sampling is the purest form of probability sampling. Each

member of the population has an equal and known chance of being
selected. When there are very large populations, it is often difficult or
impossible to identify every member of the population, so the pool of
available subjects becomes biased.

Systematic sampling is often used instead of random sampling. It is also

called an Nth name selection technique. After the required sample size has
been calculated, every Nth record is selected from a list of population
members. As long as the list does not contain any hidden order, this
sampling method is as good as the random sampling method. Its only
advantage over the random sampling technique is simplicity. Systematic
31

sampling is frequently used to select a specified number of records from

a computer file.

Stratified sampling is commonly used probability method that is

superior to random sampling because it reduces sampling error. A
stratum is a subset of the population that shares at least one common
characteristic. The researcher first identifies the relevant stratums and
their actual representation in the population. Random sampling is then
used to select subjects from each stratum until the number of subjects in
that stratum is proportional to its frequency in the population. Stratified
sampling is often used when one or more of the stratums in the
population have a low incidence relative to the other stratums.

Convenience sampling is used in exploratory research where the

researcher is interested in getting an inexpensive approximation of the
truth. As the name implies, the sample is selected because they are
convenient. This non-probability method is often used during
preliminary research efforts to get a gross estimate of the results, without
incurring the cost or time required to select a random sample.

Judgment sampling is a common non-probability method. The

researcher selects the sample based on judgment. This is usually and
extension of convenience sampling. For example, a researcher may
decide to draw the entire sample from one "representative" city, even
though the population includes all cities. When using this method, the
researcher must be confident that the chosen sample is truly
representative of the entire population.

Quota sampling is the non-probability equivalent of stratified sampling.

Like stratified sampling, the researcher first identifies the stratums and
their proportions as they are represented in the population. Then
convenience or judgment sampling is used to select the required number
of subjects from each stratum. This differs from stratified sampling,
where the stratums are filled by random sampling.

32

Snowball sampling is a special non-probability method used when the

desired sample characteristic is rare. It may be extremely difficult or cost
prohibitive to locate respondents in these situations. Snowball sampling
relies on referrals from initial subjects to generate additional subjects.
While this technique can dramatically lower search costs, it comes at the
expense of introducing bias because the technique itself reduces the
likelihood that the sample will represent a good cross section from the
population.

Research Instrument: Checking Yourself for Burnout

Burnout occurs when passionate, committed people become deeply disillusioned with
a job or career from which they have previously derived much of their identity and
meaning. It comes as the things that inspire passion and enthusiasm are stripped away,
and tedious or unpleasant things crowd in. This tool can help you check yourself for
burnout.

Introduction:
This tool can help you check yourself for burnout. It helps you look at the way you
feel about your job and your experiences at work, so that you can get a feel for
whether you are at risk of burnout.

Using the Tool:

Work through the table on paper and calculate values manually.

Fill in values appropriately on the sheet. This will automatically calculate
scores for you and interpret these scores, showing the score and interpretation
in row 30.

If you choose to use the manual method, then calculate the total of the scores as
described in the instructions (note that this uses a slightly different scoring method
from the spreadsheet). Apply the score to the scoring table underneath to get the
interpretation.

STRESS MANAGEMENT
33

Stress management is the amelioration of stress and especially chronic stress often
for the purpose of improving everyday functioning.
Stress produces numerous symptoms which vary according to persons, situations, and
severity. These can include physical health decline as well as depression.

Historical foundations
Walter Cannon and Hans Selye used animal studies to establish the earliest scientific
basis for the study of stress. They measured the physiological responses of animals to
external pressures, such as heat and cold, prolonged restraint, and surgical procedures,
then extrapolated from these studies to human beings.
Subsequent studies of stress in humans by Richard Rahe and others established the
view that stress is caused by distinct, measureable life stressors, and further, that these
life stressors can be ranked by the median degree of stress they produce (leading to
the Holmes and Rahe Stress Scale). Thus, stress was traditionally conceptualized to be
a result of external insults beyond the control of those experiencing the stress. More
recently, however, it has been argued that external circumstances do not have any
intrinsic capacity to produce stress, but instead their effect is mediated by the
individual's perceptions, capacities, and understanding.

Models of stress management

Transactional model
Richard Lazarus and Susan Folkman suggested in 1984 that stress can be thought of
as resulting from an imbalance between demands and resources or as occurring
when pressure exceeds one's perceived ability to cope. Stress management was
developed and premised on the idea that stress is not a direct response to a stressor but
rather one's resources and ability to cope mediate the stress response and are
amenable to change, thus allowing stress to be controllable.

34

In order to develop an effective stress management programme it is first necessary to

identify the factors that are central to a person controlling his/her stress, and to
identify the intervention methods which effectively target these factors. Lazarus and
Folkman's interpretation of stress focuses on the transaction between people and their
external environment (known as the Transactional Model). The model conceptualizes
stress as a result of how a stressor is appraised and how a person appraises his/her
resources to cope with the stressor. The model breaks the stressor-stress link by
proposing that if stressors are perceived as positive or challenging rather than a threat,
and if the stressed person is confident that he/she possesses adequate rather than
deficient coping strategies, stress may not necessarily follow the presence of a
potential stressor. The model proposes that stress can be reduced by helping stressed
people change their perceptions of stressors, providing them with strategies to help
them cope and improving their confidence in their ability to do so.

Health realization/innate health model

The health realization/innate health model of stress is also founded on the idea that
stress does not necessarily follow the presence of a potential stressor. Instead of
focusing on the individual's appraisal of so-called stressors in relation to his or her
own coping skills (as the transactional model does), the health realization model
focuses on the nature of thought, stating that it is ultimately a person's thought
processes that determine the response to potentially stressful external circumstances.
In this model, stress results from appraising oneself and one's circumstances through a
mental filter of insecurity and negativity, whereas a feeling of well-being results from
approaching the world with a "quiet mind," "inner wisdom," and "common sense"
This model proposes that helping stressed individuals understand the nature of
thoughtespecially providing them with the ability to recognize when they are in the
grip of insecure thinking, disengage from it, and access natural positive feelingswill
reduce their stress.

Techniques of stress management

There are several ways of coping with stress. Some techniques of time management
may help a person to control stress. In the face of high demands, effective stress
35

management involves learning to set limits and to say "No" to some demands that
others make. The following techniques have been recently dubbed Destressitizers
by The Journal of the Canadian Medical Association. A destressitizer is any process
by which an individual can relieve stress. Techniques of stress management will vary
according to the theoretical paradigm adhered to, but may include some of the
following:

Autogenic training

Cognitive therapy

Conflict resolution

Exercise

Getting a hobby

Meditation

Deep breathing

Zen Yoga

Nootropics

Relaxation techniques

Artistic Expression

Fractional relaxation

Progressive relaxation

Spas

Spending time in nature

Stress balls

Natural medicine

Clinically validated alternative treatments

Time management

Listening to certain types of relaxing music, particularly:

o

New Age music

Classical music

Psychedelic music

36

Measuring stress
Levels of stress can be measured. One way is through the use of the Holmes and Rahe
Stress Scale to rate stressful life events. Changes in blood pressure and galvanic skin
response can also be measured to test stress levels, and changes in stress levels. A
digital thermometer can be used to evaluate changes in skin temperature, which can
indicate activation of the fight-or-flight response drawing blood away from the
extremities.
Stress management has physiological and immune benefit effects.

Effectiveness of stress management

Positive outcomes are observed using a combination of non-drug interventions:

treatment of anger or hostility,

autogenic training

talking therapy (around relationship or existential issues)

biofeedback

cognitive therapy for anxiety or clinical depression

The Four Steps to Organizational Stress Management

37

In order to effectively deal with organisational stress it is essential to consider

the causes of stress, not just the effects.

This involves three stages:

. Prevention Stress Policy and Stress Audit/Stress Risk Assessment
. Management Stress Awareness and Stress Management Training
. Treatment Counselling/EAPs

There are essentially four key steps every employer should take:
. Have a stress policy
. Carry out a stress audit/risk assessment
. Provide stress awareness and stress management training
. Provide external confidential support

Stress Audit/Stress Risk Assessment involves:

. Using existing information to identify "hotspots". This means looking at
existing information e.g. labour turnover, sickness absence figures,
timekeeping, complaints
. Either using the HSE stress audit tool or a tailor made questionnaire
. Validating the findings with interviews and/or focus groups

Ryder Marsh can help organizations at all levels including:

. Formulating a Stress Policy
. Conducting a Stress Audit/Stress Risk Assessment
. Providing Stress Awareness and Stress Management Training
. Helping to select an appropriate form of external confidential support and
auditing existing support services.

38

Stress Management
How to Reduce, prevent, and Cope with Stress

It may seem that theres nothing you can do about your stress level. The bills arent
going to stop coming, there will never be more hours in the day for all your errands,
and your career or family responsibilities will always be demanding. But you have a
lot more control than you might think. In fact, the simple realization that youre in
control of your life is the foundation of stress management.
Managing stress is all about taking charge: taking charge of your thoughts, your
emotions, your schedule, your environment, and the way you deal with problems. The
ultimate goal is a balanced life, with time for work, relationships, relaxation, and fun
plus the resilience to hold up under pressure and meet challenges head on.

In This Article:

Identify sources of stress

Look at how you cope with stress

Avoid unnecessary stress

Alter the situation

Adapt to the stressor

Accept the things you cant change

Make time for fun and relaxation

Adopt a healthy lifestyle

Related links

39

Identify the sources of stress in your life

Stress management starts with identifying the sources of stress in your life. This isnt
as easy as it sounds. Your true sources of stress arent always obvious, and its all too
easy to overlook your own stress-inducing thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. Sure,
you may know that youre constantly worried about work deadlines. But maybe its
your procrastination, rather than the actual job demands, that leads to deadline stress.
To identify your true sources of stress, look closely at your habits, attitude, and
excuses:

Do you explain away stress as temporary (I just have a million things going
on right now) even though you cant remember the last time you took a
breather?

Do you define stress as an integral part of your work or home life (Things are
always crazy around here) or as a part of your personality (I have a lot of
nervous energy, thats all).

Do you blame your stress on other people or outside events, or view it as

entirely normal and unexceptional?

Until you accept responsibility for the role you play in creating or maintaining it, your
stress level will remain outside your control.

Start a stress journal

A stress journal can help you identify the regular stressors in your life and the way
you deal with them. Each time you feel stressed, keep track of it in your journal. As
you keep a daily log, you will begin to see patterns and common themes. Write down:

What caused your stress (make a guess if youre unsure).

How you felt, both physically and emotionally.

How you acted in response.

What you did to make yourself feel better.

40

Look at how you currently cope with stress

Think about the ways you currently manage and cope with stress in your life. Your
stress journal can help you identify them. Are your coping strategies healthy or
unhealthy, helpful or unproductive? Unfortunately, many people cope with stress in
ways that compound the problem.

Unhealthy ways of coping with stress

These coping strategies may temporarily reduce stress, but they cause more damage in
the long run:

Smoking

Using pills or drugs to relax

Drinking too much

Sleeping too much

Overeating or undereating

Procrastinating

Zoning out for hours in front of the

Filling up every minute of the day

TV or computer

to avoid facing problems

Withdrawing from friends, family,

and activities

Taking out your stress on others

(lashing out, angry outbursts,
physical violence)

Learning healthier ways to manage stress

If your methods of coping with stress arent contributing to your greater emotional
and physical health, its time to find healthier ones. There are many healthy ways to
manage and cope with stress, but they all require change. You can either change the
situation or change your reaction. When deciding which option to choose, its helpful
to think of the four As: avoid, alter, adapt, or accept.
Since everyone has a unique response to stress, there is no one size fits all solution
to managing it. No single method works for everyone or in every situation, so
experiment with different techniques and strategies. Focus on what makes you feel
calm and in control.

41

Dealing with Stressful Situations: The Four As

Change the situation:

Change your reaction:

Avoid the stressor.

Adapt to the stressor.

Accept the stressor.

Alter the stressor.

Stress management strategy : Avoid unnecessary

stress
Not all stress can be avoided, and its not healthy to avoid a situation that needs to be
addressed. You may be surprised, however, by the number of stressors in your life that
you can eliminate.

Learn how to say no Know your limits and stick to them. Whether in
your personal or professional life, refuse to accept added responsibilities when
youre close to reaching them. Taking on more than you can handle is a
surefire recipe for stress.

Avoid people who stress you out If someone consistently causes stress in
your life and you cant turn the relationship around, limit the amount of time
you spend with that person or end the relationship entirely.

Take control of your environment If the evening news makes you anxious,
turn the TV off. If traffics got you tense, take a longer but less-traveled route.
If going to the market is an unpleasant chore, do your grocery shopping
online.

Avoid hot-button topics If you get upset over religion or politics, cross
them off your conversation list. If you repeatedly argue about the same subject
with the same people, stop bringing it up or excuse yourself when its the topic
of discussion.

Pare down your to-do list Analyze your schedule, responsibilities, and
daily tasks. If youve got too much on your plate, distinguish between the
should and the musts. Drop tasks that arent truly necessary to the bottom
of the list or eliminate them entirely.

42

Stress management strategy: Alter the situation

If you cant avoid a stressful situation, try to alter it. Figure out what you can do to
change things so the problem doesnt present itself in the future. Often, this involves
changing the way you communicate and operate in your daily life.

Express your feelings instead of bottling them up. If something or someone

is bothering you, communicate your concerns in an open and respectful way. If
you dont voice your feelings, resentment will build and the situation will
likely remain the same.

Be willing to compromise. When you ask someone to change their behavior,

be willing to do the same. If you both are willing to bend at least a little, youll
have a good chance of finding a happy middle ground.

Be more assertive. Dont take a backseat in your own life. Deal with
problems head on, doing your best to anticipate and prevent them. If youve
got an exam to study for and your chatty roommate just got home, say up front
that you only have five minutes to talk.

Manage your time better. Poor time management can cause a lot of stress.
When youre stretched too thin and running behind, its hard to stay calm and
focused. But if you plan ahead and make sure you dont overextend yourself,
you can alter the amount of stress youre under.

Stress management strategy: Adapt to the stressor

If you cant change the stressor, change yourself. You can adapt to stressful situations
and regain your sense of control by changing your expectations and attitude.

Reframe problems. Try to view stressful situations from a more positive

perspective. Rather than fuming about a traffic jam, look at it as an
opportunity to pause and regroup, listen to your favorite radio station, or enjoy
some alone time.

Look at the big picture. Take perspective of the stressful situation. Ask
yourself how important it will be in the long run. Will it matter in a month? A

43

year? Is it really worth getting upset over? If the answer is no, focus your time
and energy elsewhere.

Adjust your standards. Perfectionism is a major source of avoidable stress.

Stop setting yourself up for failure by demanding perfection. Set reasonable
standards for yourself and others, and learn to be okay with good enough.

Focus on the positive. When stress is getting you down, take a moment to
reflect on all the things you appreciate in your life, including your own
positive qualities and gifts. This simple strategy can help you keep things in
perspective.

Adjusting Your Attitude

How you think can have a profound effect on your emotional and physical well-being.
Each time you think a negative thought about yourself, your body reacts as if it were
in the throes of a tension-filled situation. If you see good things about yourself, you
are more likely to feel good; the reverse is also true. Eliminate words such as
"always," "never," "should," and "must." These are telltale marks of self-defeating
thoughts.

Stress management strategy: Accept the things you

cant change
Some sources of stress are unavoidable. You cant prevent or change stressors such as
the death of a loved one, a serious illness, or a national recession. In such cases, the
best way to cope with stress is to accept things as they are. Acceptance may be
difficult, but in the long run, its easier than railing against a situation you cant
change.

Dont try to control the uncontrollable. Many things in life are beyond our
control particularly the behavior of other people. Rather than stressing out
over them, focus on the things you can control such as the way you choose to
react to problems.

Look for the upside. As the saying goes, What doesnt kill us makes us
stronger. When facing major challenges, try to look at them as opportunities

44

for personal growth. If your own poor choices contributed to a stressful

situation, reflect on them and learn from your mistakes.

Share your feelings. Talk to a trusted friend or make an appointment with a

therapist. Expressing what youre going through can be very cathartic, even if
theres nothing you can do to alter the stressful situation.

Learn to forgive. Accept the fact that we live in an imperfect world and that
people make mistakes. Let go of anger and resentments. Free yourself from
negative energy by forgiving and moving on.

Stress management strategy: Make time for fun and

relaxation
Beyond a take-charge approach and a positive attitude, you can reduce stress in your
life by nurturing yourself. If you regularly make time for fun and relaxation, youll be
in a better place to handle lifes stressors when they inevitably come.

Healthy ways to relax and recharge

Go for a walk.

Savor a warm cup of coffee or tea.

Spend time in nature.

Play with a pet.

Call a good friend.

Work in your garden.

Sweat out tension with a good

Get a massage.

workout.

Curl up with a good book.

Write in your journal.

Listen to music.

Take a long bath.

Watch a comedy

Light scented candles

Dont get so caught up in the hustle and bustle of life that you forget to take care of
your own needs. Nurturing yourself is a necessity, not a luxury.

Set aside relaxation time. Include rest and relaxation in your daily schedule.
Dont allow other obligations to encroach. This is your time to take a break
from all responsibilities and recharge your batteries.

45

Connect with others. Spend time with positive people who enhance your life.
A strong support system will buffer you from the negative effects of stress.

Do something you enjoy every day. Make time for leisure activities that
bring you joy, whether it be stargazing, playing the piano, or working on your
bike.

Keep your sense of humor. This includes the ability to laugh at yourself. The
act of laughing helps your body fight stress in a number of ways.

Learn the relaxation response

You can control your stress levels with relaxation techniques that evoke the bodys
relaxation response, a state of restfulness that is the opposite of the stress response.
Regularly practicing these techniques will build your physical and emotional
resilience, heal your body, and boost your overall feelings of joy and equanimity.
Read Stress Relief: Relaxation Practices That Reduce Stress

Stress management strategy: Adopt a healthy lifestyle

You can increase your resistance to stress by strengthening your physical health.

Exercise regularly. Physical activity plays a key role in reducing and

preventing the effects of stress. Make time for at least 30 minutes of exercise,
three times per week. Nothing beats aerobic exercise for releasing pent-up
stress and tension.

Eat a healthy diet. Well-nourished bodies are better prepared to cope with
stress, so be mindful of what you eat. Start your day right with breakfast, and
keep your energy up and your mind clear with balanced, nutritious meals
throughout the day.

Reduce caffeine and sugar. The temporary "highs" caffeine and sugar
provide often end in with a crash in mood and energy. By reducing the amount
of coffee, soft drinks, chocolate, and sugar snacks in your diet, youll feel
more relaxed and youll sleep better.

Avoid alcohol, cigarettes, and drugs. Self-medicating with alcohol or drugs

may provide an easy escape from stress, but the relief is only temporary. Dont
46

avoid or mask the issue at hand; deal with problems head on and with a clear
mind.

Get enough sleep. Adequate sleep fuels your mind, as well as your body.
Feeling tired will increase your stress because it may cause you to think
irrationally.

To Overcome the Stress:

Whether you like it or not, stress is part of our life. As long as you're still alive and
kicking, there is time that you'll experience stress. Many people deal with stress
without first trying to find out the root cause. They resort to medications which will
only lead to temporary solution and the problems will return once the effect of the
medication has ended. To get rid of stress permanently, we need to find out what
started it in the first place.
Personal stress management is about understanding, learning and developing a
personal skill-set and techniques to deal with your stress. Of course it involves

47

seeking helps from other people but ultimately it will depend on yourself to find your
own ways to cope with your daily stress.

Here are some personal stress management techniques you can use to overcome your
stress:
Identify Your Stressors
Stress doesn't happen in a vacuum. It's being initiated both externally and internally,
things that come at you from the environment, things that bug your body and things

48

that menace your mind. These things are called stressors. For example, a scenario or
events in your life that will affect your emotional, mental and physical faculties in a
negative way.
The first step in developing your personal stress management is to identify what are
your stressors and how they can affect your life. Most often, stress starts off with the
mind, then branches off and affects your emotions, and if left uncontrolled will then
begins to take its toll on your body.
Do not allow stress to get bottled up your emotions, find ways to release it. One
effective technique is to write down those stressors or problems that are bothering
you, then review them one by one and see how you can overcome it. Seek help and
talk with a close friend or a family member about your problems is a very effective
way to deal with your stress. So, take some time off to reflect on what problems in
your life that are stressing you out.

Have Courage To Face Your Problems

Now that you've identified your problems or stressors, you need to have a courage to
face them head on and find the solutions. This is the only approach that can overcome
your stress permanently. Resorting to medications will only give you a temporary
solution.

49

As mentioned, stress is part of our life whether you like it or not, so you're going to
have to deal with it. The only question is how? You can either allow stress to control
and ruin your life, or you can learn to laugh and roll with the punches. Recognizing
your stressors and having the courage to face it head on can help you attain new levels
of mental and physical toughness.
Relax and try to keep your mind on the positive aspects of life and on actions that can
improve or solve your problems. And try to forget everything that is irrevocably
painful. Best of all, you don't have to do this alone, seek help from closed friends or
family.
As you can see, the secret to success in personal stress management is to first identify
the root cause or the stressors in your life, and then face it head on. Focus on the
bright side of life and take actions to tackle your problems one at a time. You have to
be brave to acknowledge your weaknesses and problems and seek help from others.

50

Chapter 3
Industry and
Company Profiles

51

52

53

Company profile

WE UNDERSTAND YOUR WORLD

The Housing Development Finance Corporation Limited (HDFC) was
amongst the first to receive an in principle' approval from the Reserve Bank of
India (RBI) to set up a bank in the private sector, as part of the RBI's liberalization of
the Indian Banking Industry in 1994. The bank was incorporated in August 1994 in
the name of 'HDFC Bank Limited', with its registered office in Mumbai, India. HDFC
Bank commenced operations as a Scheduled Commercial Bank in January 1995.
HDFC

is

India's

premier

housing

finance

company and enjoys an

impeccable track record in India as well as in international markets. Since

its

inception in 1977, the Corporation has maintained a consistent and healthy growth
in its operations to remain the market leader in mortgages. Its outstanding loan
portfolio covers well over a million dwelling units. HDFC has developed significant
expertise in retail mortgage loans to different market segments and also has a large
corporate client base for its housing related credit facilities.
With its experience in the financial markets, a strong market reputation, large
shareholder base and unique consumer franchise, HDFC was ideally positioned to
promote a bank in the Indian environment.
HDFC Bank began operations in 1995 with a simple mission: to be a World
Class Indian Bank. We realized that only a single minded focus on product quality

54

and service excellence would help us get there. Today, we are proud to say that we
are well on our way towards that goal.

STRONG NATIONAL NETWORK

March 2008

March 2009

March 2010

Citied

228

316

327

Branches

535

684

761

ATMs

1323

1605

1977

As of March 31, 2010, the Banks distribution network was at 761Branches

and 1977 ATMs in 327 cities as against 684 branches and 1,605 ATMs in 320
cities as of March 31, 2009 Against the regulatory approvals for new branches
in hand, the Bank expects to further expand the branch network by around 150
branches by June 30, 2009. During the year, the Bank stepped up retail customer
acquisition with deposit accounts increasing from 6.2 million to 8.7 million and
total cards issued (debit and credit cards) increasing from 7 million to 9.2
million.
Whilst credit growth in the banking system slowed down to about 22% for
the year ended 2008-09, the Banks net advances grew by 35.1% with retail
advances growing by 38.6% and wholesale advances growing by 30%, implying
a higher market share in both segments.

March 2008

March 2009

March 2010

Citied

228

316

327

Branches

535

684

761

55

ATMs

1323

1605

1977

As of March 31, 2009, the Banks distribution network was at 761Branches

and 1977 ATMs in 327 cities as against 684 branches and 1,605 ATMs in 320
cities as of March 31, 2008. Against the regulatory approvals for new branches in
hand, the Bank expects to further expand the branch network by around 150
branches by June 30, 2009. During the year, the Bank stepped up retail customer
acquisition with deposit accounts increasing from 6.2 million to 8.7 million and
total cards issued (debit and credit cards) increasing from 7 million to 9.2
million.
Whilst credit growth in the banking system slowed down to about 22% for
the year ended 2008-09, the Banks net advances grew by 35.1% with retail
advances growing by 38.6% and wholesale advances growing by 30%, implying
a higher market share in both segments.
The transactional banking business also registered healthy growth With cash
management volumes increased by around 80% and trade services volumes by
around 40% over the previous year.
Portfolio quality as of March 31, 2009 remained healthy with gross
nonperforming assets at 1.3% and net non-performing assets at 0.4% of total
customer assets. The Banks provisioning policies for specific loan loss provisions
remained higher than regulatory requirements.

56

CHAPTER 4
DATA ANALYSIS
&
INTERPRETATION

Data analysis and Interpretation

57

The project report shows the information of the level of stress which
the employees are facing as the period of recession is going the employee cut-off
and turnover ratios are found to be high so the workload for the existing
employees are high. So they are facing the problem of work overload and thus
they get stressed.
Lets have a watch on the basic data of the survey:
The report of a bank
>=
-1
5
18
35
45

No sign of burnout here!

Little sign of burnout here, unless some factors are particularly
severe
Be careful - you may be at risk of burnout, particularly if several
scores are high
You are at severe risk of burnout - do something about this urgently
You are at very severe risk of burnout - do something about this
urgently

response
0
6
8
0
0

no sign of burn out

little sign of burnout
Be careful
severe risk
Very high

The Report of a Bank

>=
-1

response
0

No sign of burnout here!

58

5
18
35
45

Little sign of burnout here, unless some factors are particularly

severe
Be careful - you may be at risk of burnout, particularly if several
scores are high
You are at severe risk of burnout - do something about this urgently
You are at very severe risk of burnout - do something about this
urgently

59

3
10
0
0

The report of a Bank

>=
-1
5
18
35
45

response
No sign of burnout here!
0
Little sign of burnout here, unless some factors are particularly 5
severe
Be careful - you may be at risk of burnout, particularly if several 3
scores are high
You are at severe risk of burnout - do something about this urgently 0
You are at very severe risk of burnout - do something about this 0
urgently

No sign
little sign
be careful
Severe risk
Very high

It is seen from the above data that the employees working in the banks are at
the risk of two levels that is a little sign of burn out and be careful. Taking a look
on the data of all the three banks, it is seen that the employees working in SBS are
found less stressed out compared to other banks. This can be because its a public
sector. If all the graphs are compared, it is seen that the ratio of stressed employees in
AXIS banks are high as compared to all the other banks.

60

Lets have a look on the overall result of the survey

>=
-1
5
18
35
45

No sign of burnout here!

Little sign of burnout here, unless some factors are particularly
severe
Be careful - you may be at risk of burnout, particularly if several
scores are high
You are at severe risk of burnout - do something about this urgently
You are at very severe risk of burnout - do something about this
urgently

response
0
14
21
0
0

no sign
little sign
Be carefull
severe risk
Very high

From the above graph it can be seen that maximum employees of all the banks
are at a moderate level of risk of burnout while the employees who were found with a
little sign of burnout is less. So the ratio of little sign of burnout and moderate level of
burnout is 2:3.

61

1. Are you satisfied

the

performance

Yes
27

No
8

No response
0

with
you

give at your work?

Yes
No
No response

From the diagram it is clear that 77 % of the employees are satisfied with the
performance they give in the work while 23 % of the employees are not satisfied.
2. Do you think that you are suffering from depression?
Yes
7

No
28

No response
0

Yes
No
No response

20 % of the employee feel that they are suffering from depression while 80 %
of the employee feel that that they are free from the depression

62

3. Do you worry about your colleague's opinion about you?

Yes
9

No
26

No response
0

Yes
No
No response

26% of the employees worry about their colleagues opinion about them while
74% of the employees are not concern with the opinion about their colleague.

4. Do you discuss your problem with your spouse or friend or any

other close to you?
Yes
32

No
3

No response
0

91% of the employees of the bank discuss their problem and share their
feelings with their spouse or friends or others while 9 % of the employee is not
concerned with it.

5. Do you work more than 8 hours?

63

Yes
31

No
4

No response
0

89% of the employees work for more than 8 hours which is the starting point
of the stress while 11 % of the employees dont work for more than 8 hours.

6. You have an important function at your home and your boss asks
to give a 4 hour over time, what will be your response?
Yes
14

No
19

No response
2

Yes
No
No response

40 % of the employees are proved to be work dedicated and they

are ready to miss the important function at their house while 54 % of the
employees said no and 6 % of the employee did not gave any answer.

7. Do you regularly spend time for entertainment?

64

Yes
19

Yes
20

No
14

No
15

No response
2

No response
0

57% of the employee spent regular time on entertainment which

helps us to remain stress free while 43 % of the employees dont do that.

8. Is your social life balanced?

65

54 % of the employees find their social life to be balanced while 40 % of the

employees dont have their social life balanced. 6% of the employees remain silent.
9. Do you plan your work before doing?
Yes
31

No
4

No response
0

Yes
No
No response

It is a good habit to plan the work you do. 89 % of the employees plan their
work before doing while 11 % of the employees dont plan their work.

10. Do you fear about the quality of your performance?

66

Yes
No
25
34

Yes
1

Yes

No
No response
10
0

NoNoresponse
0 No response

63% of the employees fear the quality of performance which they

give while 37 % of the employees dont fear the quality of their work.

11. Are you a heart patient?

Yes
22

No
13

No response
0

Yes
No
No response

Here 3 % of the employees are heart patient which is partially the result
of stress.

12. Do you get tensed at your non achievement of your target?

67

Yes
No
No response

71% of the employees get tensed at the non achievement of the target
while 29 % of the employees work casually.

13. Do you feeling stress some times?

Yes
28

No
6

No response
1

Yes
No
No response

80% of the employees feel stressed sometimes while 17 % of the employees are not
feeling stressed. 3 % of the employees did not respond.

If the answer of the above question is Yes then answer the following:
a) Is the reason of your stress your work load?
Yes
20

No
9

No response
6
68

Yes
No
No response

57% of the employees find themselves to be stressed by their work over load. 26
% of the employees are not stressed because of the work overload. 17 % of the
employees did not answer.
b) Are you stressed because of your family problems?

40 % of the employees

Yes
14

No
14

No response
7

are

Yes
No
No response

stressed because of their family problems 40% by other problems while 20% of the
employees did not responded.

c) Do you get stressed when your boss scolds you?

69

Yes
24

No
6

No response
5

Yes
No
No response

20% of the employee did not responded when they were asked weather their get
stressed because of the scolding of their boss. 51% of the employees dont get stress
because of the scolding of their boss. 29 % of the employees get stressed because of
the scolding of their boss.
d) Do you try to find any solution for the problem of your stress?
Yes
24

No
6

No response
5

69 % of the employees try to find the solution of their stress.

70

e) (IF YES) Do you practice yoga or any other ayurvedic therapy for
reducing stress?
Yes
11

No
18

No response
6

31% of the employees try the yoga and other ayurvedic techniques to

Yes
No
No response

reduce their stress while 51 % of the employees use other techniques

to reduce stress.

71

CHAPTER 5
SUMMARY

CONCLUSION
72

This project consist of the information about the employees undergoing

from stress who working in the banks. So considering this factor this topic becomes
one of the most important part of the project as it consists of the opinion of the
employees who work in the banks. In short it was a direct interview of the employees
who gave their opinion about how to reduce stress. The response of employees in the
major banks of Bhavnagar like State Bank of Saurashtra, The AXIS Bank, and The
HDFC bank was marvelous and they have given their valuable opinion about reducing
stress as a result of the last question included in the questionnaire 2. So the opinion if
the employees were as follows:

Just smile away An employee- HDFC Bank

Just believe in your self and just do what your heart wants An employeeHDFC Bank

-Talking to family members, - Watching TV or listening good music, - Going

for a walk or long drive An employee- HDFC Bank

Believe in God An employee- HDFC Bank

Respect yourself and give time to yourself An employee- HDFC Bank
Working in environment welfares, lot of positive attitude. Positive attitude is
only that reduces stress and achieves success. Most of the people frustrate due
to lack of positivity and stress level climbs up due to that. So get positive
attitude about work, about life, and forget the stress An employee- AXIS
Bank

We should do such activities from which we get happiness and also make
others happy. Pass your time with your close friends and relatives. An
employee- AXIS Bank

Play and watch cricket An employee- HDFC Bank

Listen music and spend time with family An employee- SBI Bank
Get adjusted with others, Find and spend time for prayer, Study the
scriptures, See oneness in all, All are manifested of the supreme GOD An
employee- SBI Bank

73

These opinions are seemed to be valuable and effective as one of the

effective things has been noticed that the employees who have got less than 18 marks
in the Burnout test have given their opinions about reducing the stress.
It is also noticed that in the HDFC bank in the time of afternoon slow
instrumental music are been played so that the employees can work stress free. This is
one of the positive things which are seen in the organization who is caring for their
employees. This will help the organization to boost up the productivity.
From the certain sample of employees selected for the research, only 10
employees have given their opinion how to reduce stress. So we can understand that
how overloaded the employees of the bank are.

74

Time Considerations

Many researchers underestimate the time required to complete a research

project. The following form may be used as an initial checklist in developing time
estimates. The best advice is to be generous with your time estimates. Things almost
always take longer than we think they should.
This checklist contains two time estimates for each task. The first one
(Hours) is your best estimate of the actual number of hours required to complete the
task. The second one (Duration) is the amount of time that will pass until the task is
completed. Sometimes these are the same and sometimes they are different. Most
researchers and business-people have to divide their time among many projects. They
simply cannot give all their time to any one project. For example, my estimate of goal
clarification may be four hours, but other commitments allow me to spend only two
hours a day on this study. My "hours" estimate is four hours, and my "duration"
estimate is two days.
To arrive at your final time estimates, add the individual estimates. The
hours estimate is used for budget planning and the duration estimate is used to
develop a project time line.

75

Findings

1.

It is analyzed from the questionnaire filled by the employees that

the employees who have scored more than 20 marks in the burnout test
are not satisfied with the performance which they give in the
organization. Thus it is proved that the employees who are desired to
give better performance than their original performance are found more
stressful than the others. While at the same time the employ that have
scored less than 20 marks in the burnout test are satisfied with the
performance. From the sample of 35 bank employees who have been
surveyed, one is found to be a heart patient. This can be because of high level of
stress.

2.

Very rare of the employee are to be found suffering from depression. It is

proved from the survey that the employees who have scored more than 25 marks in
the burnout test are concern about the opinion of their colleagues. And the employees
who got less than 25 marks do not mind about their colleagues opinion. Thus it is
proved that the colleagues opinion also play a lead role in the increase and decrease of
the stress level. Those who mind about their colleagues opinion are found to be more
stressful.
3.

The employees who have scored 28-29 marks in the burnout test dont believe

in sharing their problems with their spouse or friend or any closed one. Thus we can
say that sharing your problems with your spouse or close friends is a better idea to
reduce stress.
4.

In the second questionnaire one of the question was You have an important

function at your home and your boss asks to give a 4 hour over time what will be your
response Yes or No? the employees have given their opinion as per their mood.

76

5.

While considering the point of view of entertainment it depends upon the

mood of the employees. The entertainment is considered one of the most ultimate
solutions to reduce stress. Most of the employees do not spend regular time in
entertainment. This may be because they may not be getting time for entertainment or
they may not be interested in the same.
6.

The employees were asked weather they plan their work or not, moderate

answers were given. The employees scoring more than 25 marks were not found their
work planned. Thus the employees who plan their work One of the questions was
asked that were their social life balanced? It is observed that the employees who have
scored above 20 marks in the burnout test did not have their social life balanced. Thus
we can conclude that the employees who are above 20 dont have their social life
balanced. Thus it is proved that stress may affect our social life also.
7.

have scored below 25 marks in the burnout test except some cases as there are

always some drawbacks in making plan. Failure of a plan may also lead a person to
stress.

Thus we can conclude that planning of the work may help

to reduce stress level.

8.

Most of the employees who have scored more than 20 marks fear about their

quality of work they give. This aspect is not dependent of the burnout level. This
aspect depends upon the dedication of work. So it is meaningless to compare this
question with the burnout test.
9.

A question was asked that weather you get stressed at the non-achievement of

their target? All the employees have responded positively. But this is not concern with
the burnout score. From this we can conclude that all the employees are given
achievable target and naturally by the non-achievement of the target all the employees
may get stressed. One of the other possibilities is that the employees have responded
positively to show themselves to be good.
The above analysis is done by the data received from the questionnaire. So the
accuracy of data depends upon the response of the employees.

77

78

QUESTIONNAIRE

No Questions
1
2
3

5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12

13

Not at Rarely
all

Do you feel run down and

drained of physical or
emotional energy?
Do you find that you are
prone to negative thinking
about your job?
Do you find that you are
harder and less sympathetic
with people than perhaps
they deserve?
Do you find yourself getting
easily irritated by small
problems, or by your coworkers and team?
Do you feel misunderstood
or unappreciated by your coworkers?
Do you feel that you have
no-one to talk to?
Do you feel that you are
achieving less than you
should?
Do you feel under an
unpleasant level of pressure
to succeed?
Do you feel that you are not
getting what you want out of
your job?
Do you feel that you are in
the wrong organization or
the wrong profession?
Are you becoming frustrated
with parts of your job?
Do
you
feel
that
organizational politics or
bureaucracy frustrate your
ability to do a good job?
Do you feel that there is
79

Sometimes

Often

Very
often

14

15

more work to do than you

practically have the ability
to do?
Do you feel that you do not
have time to do many of the
things that are important to
doing a good quality job?
Do you find that you do not
have time to plan as much as
you would like to?
Total

Instructions: For each question, put an 'X' in the column that most applies. Put one 'X'
only in each row.
Please write the total number of x at the space given at the bottom of each column

Answer
Not at all
Rarely
Sometimes
Often
Very often

Number

Weight
0
1
2
3
4

80

Weighted Total

>=
-1
5
18
35
45

No sign of burnout here!

Little sign of burnout here, unless some factors are particularly severe
Be careful - you may be at risk of burnout, particularly if several scores are high
You are at severe risk of burnout - do something about this urgently
You are at very severe risk of burnout - do something about this urgently

No Questions

Yes

Are you satisfied with the performance you give at your work?

Do you think that you are suffering from depression?

Do you worry about your colleague's opinion about you?

81

No

Do you discuss your problem with your spouse or friend or any

4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13

other close to you?

Do you work more than 8 hours?
You have an important function at your home and your boss asks to
give a 4 hour over time, what will be your response?
Do you regularly spend time for entertainment?
Is your social life balanced?
Do you plan your work before doing?
Do you fear about the quality of your performance?
Are you a heart patient?
Do you get tensed at your non achievement of your target?
Do you feeling stress some times?
If the answer of the above question is Yes then answer the
following:

a)

Is the reason of your stress your work load?

b)

Are you stressed because of your family problems?

c)

Do you get stressed when your boss scolds You?

d)

Do you try to find any solution for the problem of your stress?
(IF YES) Do you practice yoga or any other ayurvedic therapy for

e)

reducing stress?

To make the survey report more clear the above questionnaire was also filled. As
a result the employees have given proper response and the report of the
questionnaire is presented in the project.

82

83