Republic v Dagdag (2001)

Summary: Matias filed for nullity of marriage under Article 36 of the Family Code
because her husband Dagdag was a drunkard and a criminal (at large as of the time the
case was written). It was however dismissed by the Supreme Court on the grounds that
Matias failed to comply with guideline No. 2, in interpreting Article 36 of the Family
Code, which requires that the root cause of psychological incapacity must be medically
or clinically identified
Facts:
Sept 7, 1975: Matias (16 years old) married Dagdag (20 years old) and had two
children (Avelyn and Eden)
Dagdag, a week after the wedding, started to leave his family without explanation
and attend to drinking sprees with friends and would return home drunk when
with the family; forced his wife to have sexual intercourse and if she resisted,
would inflict injure to the latter.
Oct 1993: He left his family again and never heard of him.
Matias was constrained to look for a job to fend for themselves.
Dagdag was imprisoned for some crime, and that he escaped from jail who
remains at-large at date.
Matias filed for judicial declaration of nullity of marriage on the ground of
psychological incapacity under Article 36 of the Family Code.
Trial Court declared the marriage void under Article 36 of the Family Code.
The Solicitor General appealed to the Court of Appeals: that lower court erred in
declaring the apellee's marriage to Avelino Dagdag null and void on the ground of
psychological incapacity of the latter (Article 36 of the Family Code) as the
psychological incapacity of the nature contemplated by the law not having been
proven to exist.
Court of Appeals affirmed the decision of the trial court
Issues:
o WON immaturity and irresponsibility, habitual alcoholic, and a fugitive from
justice constitutes psychological incapacity -- NO

Republic v. Court of Appeals and Molina case is reiterated herein in which the
Court laid down the following GUIDELINES in the interpretation and application
of Article 36 of the Family Code:

(1) The burden of proof to show the nullity of the marriage belongs to the plaintiff.

(2) The root cause of the psychological incapacity must be: (a) medically or
clinically identified, (b) alleged in the complaint, (c) sufficiently proven by experts
and (d) clearly explained in the decision. Article 36 of the Family Code requires
that the incapacity must be psychological - not physical, although its
manifestations and/or symptoms may be physical.

Court: Taking into consideration these guidelines, it is evident that Erlinda failed
to comply with the above-mentioned evidentiary requirements. Erlinda failed to
comply with guideline No. 2 which requires that the root cause of psychological
incapacity must be medically or clinically identified and sufficiently proven by
experts, since no psychiatrist or medical doctor testified as to the alleged
psychological incapacity of her husband.

(3) The incapacity must be proven to be existing at the time of the celebration of
the marriage.

(4) Such incapacity must also be shown to be medically or clinically permanent

or incurable. Such incurability may be absolute or even relative only in regard to
the other spouse, not necessarily absolutely against everyone of the same sex.

(5) Such illness must be grave enough to bring about the disability of the party to
assume the essential obligations of marriage.

(6) The essential marital obligations must be those embraced by Articles 68 up to

71 of the Family Codeas regards the husband and wife as well as Articles 220,
221 and 225 of the same Code in regard to parents and their children

(7) Interpretations given by the National Appellate Matrimonial Tribunal of the

Catholic Church in the Philippines, while not controlling or decisive, should be
given great respect by our courts.

(8) The trial court must order the prosecuting attorney or fiscal and the Solicitor
General to appear as counsel for the state.