Reality Based E-Magazine

W. HOCK HOCHHEIM SEMINAR

(Hostage rescue/hand to hand/bodyguard/vip extraction/ knife/pistol and tactics)
Volume 1
Issue 22
3/03/10
Houston Premier Reality Based Martial Arts & Combatives, Fitness & Nutrition Facility.
Dark Gift Combat Fighting System Houston's Foremost Authority and premier Reality
Based Martial Arts, Street defense Facility.
Mr.& Mrs. Traylor Owner &
Founders of D.G.C.F. System.
Inside D.G.C.F.S.
When do we lose are way?
Ronald’s Fitness Corner
Coming events
Airsoft Products
U.S. Army no more ground fighting 7
When do we lose are way cont.
Pre-Indicators
most effective fighting arts
Whattchu Looking At
Welcome
Exposing fake instructors
Self Defense and the Law
Hock Seminar
WWW.DARKGIFTCOMBAT.COM
March 03, 2010
When do we Lose our way
I have been in Martial Arts for well over 35+ years, I have seen things come and
go. I have now seen Instructors Lie about who they are and what they do, Seen
them copy and paste others info on to their website, Ride on the fact that they train
with someone when all they did is attend a seminar, get certified as an Instructor
just for being in the seminar basically BUYING their certifications. That is not to
say that all do this, There are those out there that make you EARN your
Certifications but those are few and FAR apart. Why cant Instructors just be
HONEST about what they know and DON’T know, HUMBLE yourself, are we to
afraid that we will be seen as LESS THAN GOD LIKE? I am sorry to say I have
come across so many that are not qualified to be Instructors BUT they like to say I
AM an INSTRUCTOR.
When they could not TEACH their way out of a WET PAPPER bag. Their inability
to teach and instruct is so evident But folks do not see it. They show material that
could get you KILLED. I myself make statement like “WE are the only ones in
Houston” and I see everyone say we do that when They do not or they add it after
the fact. But I am GUILT of BOASTING and I to must STOP just say what we do
and how we are different, Keep it simple and Honest.
I have started to do this… My wife and I also have started to reach out to other
1
2
schools in friendship some have reached out and took my hand in friendship others
5 have SLAPED and MOCKED my attempt at friendship saying “YOU ARE A
6 SINKING SHIP & THE RATS ARE ABANDONING SHIP” Yes I was told that..
DO you really want to know WHAT MAKES A SCHOOL THE BEST? The
8
9 students.. that’s what makes a GREAT SCHOOL, Yes the Instructors are VERY
12 IMPORTANT as they set the standard and the tone of the training. The Material is
13 also Very important. We “Mrs. Traylor & I” have been teaching Reality Based
14 Martial Arts & Combatives here in Houston,Tx for 5 years. No one claimed
15 R.B.M.A. or anything along those lines until the last 2 years. That’s the NEXT BE
20 THING in the Martial Arts Community I think. Some of these Schools are qualified
32 to teach R.B.M.A. combatives ect.. Others well they are just renaming it to make it
sound like R.B.M.A. & combatives.
Mrs.Traylor & I have received phones calls and e-mails about how good are we?
Why is my system better? I have never claimed that D.G.C.F.S is better or for that
matter THAT I WAS ONE BAD ASS FIGHTER. I am only as GOOD as my worst
student. I am not perfect but I am very honest with myself and my students. TRUST
& HONESTY is no longer a word that is connected in my opinion with Martial Arts,
MARKETING LIES & BAD MOUTHING other Instructors or systems is the NORM.
I am Humbled when I see OLD instructors BOW to me.. IT IS I that should BOW for
they have FORGED the way to what we have NOW.. They have PASS us the
TORCH. We have NOT done a GOOD JOB of representing the Martial Arts
Community.. I am just as much at FAULT as everyone else. We should not be
bickering about system or style but learn from each other.
Cont page 8
 WHY YOU SHOULD LOVE YOUR LIVER
I read this article by Dr Sandra Cabot I think you will like it
Many people struggle with excessive weight and sluggish metabolism all their lives
finding that, as they age, they gradually gain more weight and become resigned to a
large protruding abdomen and stubborn fat deposits. After years of dieting they
believe that nothing can possibly lead to lasting relief. Something is obviously
wrong, something is missing.It took me more than 20 years of medical practice
before the solution dawned on me! The liver, the supreme organ of metabolism, had
Mr. Honore is to be the missing key. It seemed so simple yet so incredible; why hadn’t someone in
NASM –CPT, CES , PES, medicine thought of this before? Modern medicine has become side-tracked into
Certified Personal Trainer & treating the symptoms of disease and not the causes. Excessive weight is a
Apprentice Instructor in Hand to symptom of liver dysfunction and not solely due to the number of calories you eat.
Hand Combat at D.G.C.F.S. Medicine has failed to treat the underlying cause of liver dysfunction and indeed has
virtually ignored the hardest working organ in the body, with dire consequences. My
Inside D.G.C.F.S. theory that the liver holds the key to weight control has been vindicated in all the
When do we lose are way? 1 1540 patients I have treated since 1994 with my program to improve liver function.
Ronald’s Fitness Corner 2
Coming events 5 The success rate, as measured by the parameters of weight loss and general
Airsoft Products 6 wellbeing, has been 100% in all the patients I have been able to monitor. As a
U.S. Army no more ground fighting 7 medical student I spent many hours with leading naturopathic doctors. I believed
When do we lose are way cont. 8 that they had much to teach me, and their patient waiting lists were always very long
Pre-Indicators 9
most effective fighting arts 12 with cases that other doctors had not been able to help. I first learned of the
Whattchu Looking At 13 tremendous importance of the liver. In all their patients, naturopathic doctors
Welcome 14 examined the state of the liver through iridology, acupuncture, pulse techniques and
Exposing fake instructors 15
from the patient’s history. In the vast majority of cases a liver problem would be
Self Defense and the Law 20
Hock Seminar 32 found, and correction of this was always a vital step in their healing program. They
would treat the liver with dietary changes and specific liver herbs and, in more toxic
cases, with fasting programs. I came to understand that to restore good health one
must always consider the state of the liver. However, my career led me into other
areas of medicine, and the importance of considering the liver gradually slipped into
my subconscious mind. Thankfully, one day I would remember to take a leaf out of
the book of this old naturopathic wisdom.I see many difficult cases where people
have been chronically ill or obese for years, and they are all fascinated to learn how
the liver holds the key to weight loss and balanced metabolism. The liver is the
major fat-burning organ in the body. If you follow the Liver-Cleaning Diet your metabolism will improve in leaps and
bounds and you will start to burn fat. Conversely, if you eat the wrong foods, your liver will make more fat so that you keep
on storing fat. To a large degree, it’s not how much you eat, it’s what you eat that is far more important. On the Liver-
Cleansing Diet your liver will give a big sigh of relief and merrily get on with its job of regulating metabolism and burning
fat. Then the process of weight loss begins naturally and without excessive effort on your part. You do not have to count
calories or pedantically weigh every morsel of food, and even better, you never have to go hungry.

The Symptoms of an Unhappy Liver

Symptoms of mild liver dysfunction may occur even though all blood tests of liver function are `normal’. The tests that
doctors use routinely to check the liver are not very sensitive – they check for liver damage rather than function.

Page 2
 Common symptoms due to poor liver function are:

• Poor digestion, abdominal bloating, nausea especially after fatty foods, weight gain around the abdomen and
constipation. Irritable bowel syndrome, associated with abdominal swelling and flatulence, is often due to a
sluggish liver. If you wake up in the morning with bad breath and/or a coated tongue, your liver definitely needs
help.
• Unpleasant mood changes, depression, `foggy brain’ and impaired concentration and memory. If the liver is
sluggish, excessive amounts of toxic metabolites find their way into the blood stream and can affect the function
of the brain.
• Allergic conditions such as hay fever, hives, skin rashes and asthma.
• Headaches. Unfortunately, pain killers can cause further stress on the liver as the liver is the organ that breaks
down all drugs.
• High blood pressure and/or fluid retention. These may be difficult to control with drug therapy. I have seen the
Liver- Cleansing Diet bring down very high blood pressure to completely normal levels without any drugs being
required.
• Hypoglycaemia or unstable blood sugar levels. An unhappy liver can cause wild fluctuations of blood sugar level
with very low glucose levels causing fatigue, dizziness, light-headedness and cravings for sugar.
• Inability to tolerate fatty foods, gallbladder disease and gallstones. If you feed your liver too much saturated or
damaged (rancid) fat, it will try to pump it out of your body through the bile which flows into the gallbladder and
then the small intestine. This will raise the cholesterol content of your bile and can result in gallstones (made of
hard cholesterol) and gallbladder inflammation. If your liver is not working efficiently, it will not manufacture
enough bile salts to keep biliary cholesterol in solution and so gallbladder stones may result.
• Fatigue and chronic fatigue syndrome. When tired people cannot find a cause for their ill-health, in 99% of such
cases I find that they are eating too much saturated and damaged fats and not enough raw vegetables and fruits.
• Excessive body heat, which may be associated with sweating or body odour.
• Lowered tolerance to alcohol and various drugs such as antibiotics.

The Twelve Vital Principles to Improve Your Liver Function

ONE – Listen to Your Body. Don’t eat if you’re not hungry. Have a raw juice, a piece of fruit, a small raw vegetable salad
or a glass of water instead. Conversely, don’t put up with hunger pains. Far too many people place their mealtimes around
the clock and will eat at, say, 8.00am, 1.00pm and 7.00pm, come hail or shine, appetite or not. It’s much healthier to place
your mealtimes around your hunger and pay little heed to the clock. If you are in the habit of eating regular meals when
you are not hungry, your liver will be working far too hard and will basically suffer with excessive wear and tear.
TWO – Drink 8-12 glasses of filtered water daily as this helps to cleanse the liver and kidneys and aids with weight
loss. Your body requires small and frequent sips of water otherwise your cells shrink with dehydration and their
membranes dry out. There is a higher risk of Alzheimer’s Disease in people who do not drink water.Avoid large amounts
of fluid with meals.
THREE – Avoid Eating Large Amounts of Sugar, especially refined sugar, as the liver will convert this into fat and
cholesterol. The fat can cause fatty degeneration of organs or will be transported to fatty areas such as the thighs,
buttocks and abdomen for storage. Eventually the blood triglycerides become too high and this is associated with an
increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Avoid all artificial sweeteners as these are toxic to the liver and cause
hypoglycaemia and fatigue. If you must have something sweet, have fresh raw fruits, sun-dried fruits, honey or blackstrap
molasses.
FOUR – Don’t Become Obsessed with Measuring Calories. If you stick to the foods and meal plans in the LCD, your
liver will gradually improve and weight loss will follow accordingly.Far more people die from overeating than from
undereating, so err on the side of eating less once hunger is satisfied. Ignore the bathroom scales as the aim is to
cleanse your body and rejuvenate your entire metabolism, not merely to lose weight. Weight loss will occur hand-in-hand
with the improvement in liver functioning. Why stress yourself by noticing how quickly or slowly weight loss occurs?
FIVE – Avoid Foods That You May be Allergic To or that you know from past experience upset you.Always chew your
food slowly and thoroughly, as digestion begins with saliva being mixed with food in the mouth.As people age, the
production of hydrochloric acid in the stomach often becomes inadequate for efficient digestion of proteins. This can be
overcome by sipping a small glass of water containing one teaspoon of apple cider vinegar during every meal (containing
protein foods).
SIX – Be Aware of Good Intestinal Hygiene as the liver must filter out and destroy any bacteria and viruses present in
our food. Too many unfriendly organisms, such as salmonella or shigella bacteria, may make us seriously ill and also
permanently damage the liver. To reduce this risk, only eat foods that are fresh, and avoid the regular reheating of food as
bacteria breed in stored cooked foods, especially meats. Never reheat food more than once. And always wash your hands
before eating.Many packaged and processed foods are laden with preservatives, yet they are still full of unfriendly
organisms in a dormant state. As soon as this food hits your intestines, the preservatives wear off and the bugs begin to
grow inside you. Especially avoid preserved meats.

Page 3
SEVEN – Do Not Eat if You Feel Stressed or Anxious because during these states your blood flow is diverted away
from the intestines and liver to other areas of the body.
EIGHT – Check if Organically-Grown Fresh Produce, Free of Pesticides, is Available in Your Area. If using eggs
and chickens, always buy free-range.Buy products containing natural ingredients and avoid processed foods containing
artificial chemicals such as preservatives, colourings, flavourings and artificial sweeteners.
NINE – Obtain Your Protein from Diverse Sources, Including Legumes. The Liver Cleansing Diet does contain some
chicken (preferably free-range), fish and eggs. [This is to cater for newcomers to Natural Health by providing a transition
stage – Editor.] However, there are many meals in which protein is obtained from legumes, grains, cereals, nuts and
seeds. First-class protein from combinations of these sources is just as complete as protein from animal sources and
contains all of the eight essential amino acids.Legumes or `pulses’ are beans (such as soya beans, kidney beans, etc.),
peas, chickpeas and lentils and they provide valuable protein, essential fatty acids, fibre, plant hormones, minerals and B
vitamins. If you are too busy to cook beans, it is acceptable to use canned legumes and there are many to choose from. If
the canned beans contain lots of salt and sugar, rinse with water before using them. Seeds – linseed, sunflower, sesame
and pumpkin seeds – are excellent sources of essential fatty acids, protein, plant hormones and fibre. Nuts are very rich
in unsaturated oils and should only be eaten fresh and raw. If they have been shelled for a long time and exposed to air,
their oils will have become rancid. Buy nuts in sealed bags showing a use-by date, or buy nuts still in their shells.
TEN – Choose Your Breads and Spreads Wisely. It is Important to eat only good quality breads on the Liver-Cleansing
Diet. Go to a health food store and buy breads free of artificial chemicals. If you have irritable bowel syndrome, use stone-
ground breads which have a fine texture and are free of little grainy bits. Vary the types of breads you eat to reduce
allergies – try rye, wheat, corn, oats, rice, barley and others available in health food stores. For something lighter, try rice
crackers, Ry-Vita crackers or yeast-free pita bread. If you are allergic to yeast, try yeast-free breads or a sour dough loaf.
While on the LCD, it is essential that you avoid margarine and/or butter. If you must have a spread, try fresh avocado,
hommos or tahini.
ELEVEN – Avoid Constipation by eating plenty of raw fruits and vegetables and drinking water throughout the day. By
avoiding constipation you will avoid the growth of unfriendly organisms in the large bowel. To increase the amount of the
friendly acidophilus and other lactobacilli bacteria, you may take powdered forms of these or eat soya-bean yoghurt.
TWELVE – Avoid Excessive Saturated or Damaged Fats. These unhealthy fats can cause liver damage with changes
typical of a `fatty liver’ similar to that seen in alcohol consumption. Many weight watchers try to follow a completely fat-free
diet However, if this is done for more than four weeks, symptoms of essential fatty acid deficiency will start to occur.
Furthermore, your liver function and metabolism will slow down leading to easy weight gain! Symptoms of essential fatty
acid deficiency are: dry and itchy skin, eczema, hair loss, joint pains, reduced fertility, increased rate of miscarriage,
depression and poor memory, slow metabolic rate with weight gain, reduced immune function, hormonal imbalances, liver
degeneration, fatigue, circulatory problems, degenerative diseases, increased rate of aging and high triglycerides. I see
thousands of overweight people and many do not eat excessive calories; their problems are due solely to the
consumption of the wrong type of fats. The liver is the supreme fat-burning organ of the body and if you choke it with
damaged fats it will be unable to perform its metabolic functions and your entire metabolism will slow down. As a result,
you will gain weight easily, particularly around the abdominal area. In a simplistic way we could say that a healthy liver
pumps fat out of your body and keeps you slim. Eating the wrong foods for your liver will cause an imbalance in the liver’s
production of lipoproteins so that you will have too much low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and not enough high-density
lipoproteins (HDL). This will increase your risk of atherosclerosis, heart disease and high blood pressure. The type of fat
you eat on a daily basis is so very important to your health and longevity and will have the greatest influence of all upon
your liver function and weight.
Take Care of Your Oils. Dietary oils will only take care of us if we take care of them by reducing their exposure to heat,
air and light. Natural food oils such as those contained in fish, seeds, nuts, avocados, olives and legumes are protected
from light, air and heat by virtue of the skins, coverings and shells around them and are fresher and healthier than the
bottled versions. However, for salad dressings, light stir-frying, etc., ideally buy unrefined oils that have been cold-pressed
and kept in dark-coloured glass bottles to block out the light. Keep your oil in the fridge. Virgin olive oil is generally
available and is a good choice because it is cold-pressed and has not been heated, refined or bleached.

Mr. Honore is
NASM –CPT, CES ,
PES,Certified Personal Trainer
Apprentice Instructor in Hand to Hand Combat at D.G.C.F.S.

Page 4
 Coming Events
April 17 – 2010 – Defender & Peacemaker Seminar – location D.G.C. Mr.Traylor Ranking

May 15,16 – 2010 – Tactical Airsoft Training. Gun Vs. Gun. Knife Vs. Gun – location D.G.C. Mr.Traylor Ranking

July – 2010 – Paul Green – Stone wall Tactical – Location D.G.C. sponsored by N.F.O.C.A.

September 18, 19 – 2010 - Knife Fighting Seminar – Location D.G.C. Mr.Traylor

November 14,15 – 2010 – R.A.T Seminar – Location D.G.C. Mr.Traylor Ranking

Mr. & Mrs. Traylor are gearing up for the 2010 seminar tour, IF you wish Mr. & Mrs.Traylor to come to your
school for a seminar please contact them. The seminar can cover what ever you want Just pick the module, All
modules have Instructor certification available.

Page 5
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page 6

Mr.Traylor
Owner & Founders of D.G.C.F.
System.
Inside D.G.C.F.S.
When do we lose are way?
Ronald’s Fitness Corner
Coming events
Airsoft Products
U.S. Army no more ground fighting 7
When do we lose are way cont.
Pre-Indicators
most effective fighting arts
Whattchu Looking At
Welcome
Exposing fake instructors
Self Defense and the Law
Hock Seminar
U.S. Army Moves Away From Ground Fighting Curriculum
I saw this article post and it echoes my feelings it was written by a gentlemen
called the Sensei. Here it is.
It seems the U.S. Army, after interviewing 900 soldiers involved in hand to hand
combat in Iraq and Afghanistan, has decided to change it’s close quarters combat
program to de-emphasize ground fighting.Starting next month, soldiers will focus
more on stand up grappling and weapons control more useful in the urban combat
scenarios they find themselves in. I, and many others, have always felt that
soldiers carrying packs, rifles, and wearing body armor do not belong wrestling on
the ground. Unfortunately, I believe that some military commanders had been sold
by the “UFC has proven that Brazilian Jui-Jitsu is the ultimate martial art on the
planet” hype. I have spoken to many people who have fought in hand to hand
combat, going back to World War II veterans, and it seems that I am mirroring their
opinions, and now the opinions of the current military forces.
This is not to take anything away from Brazilian Jui-Jitsu, it’s as good an art as any
– for its given strengths. But the current way it’s taught is for half-dressed or gi-clad
1
2 guys in matching weight classes to fight inside a ring. IT does not take into account
5 how to fight in armor, while holding a rifle, inside cramped hallways.I have written
6 about mission centric training before. The current missions of the U.S. military in
the Middle East involve a lot of urban close-quarters warfare. The training needs to
8
9 reflect that as accurately as possible. According to the Army, training will include,
12 “knee strikes, clinch drills, fighting with weapons and combat equipment, and
13 pushing terror suspects against the wall.” This is a better reflection of what is going
14 on that a sport-oriented grappling program.
15
20
32 I hope that “fighting with weapons” includes knife and bayonet training. In today’s
modern world of smart-bombs and cruise-missiles, edged weapon fighting might
seem quaint. However, every war and police action the U.S. military has been
involved with has had troops fighting in close quarters with blades.
Page 7
 Cont. Page 1

Student & Clients look to us “Martial Arts Community” to help them protect not only themselves but their families.
Lets not betray their trust with lies about our back grounds or for that matter what we know. Just be who we are.
This world we are living in is getting worse guys we have to be above all that. Crime rate is going through the ROOF!
People are looking for answers to help them protect property, their family, Life and others HELL maybe your wife or son.
Do not give them SMOKE & MIRRORS.
Lets be proud of what we do know and what we do teach, Do not be prideful about anther Instructor being better or worse
or not as good. There is ALLWAYS SOME ONE BETTER.. just around the corner. I know some folks will take what I have
written personally but I promise this is NOT directed at anyone or system or style. This just what I have personally seen
and have gone through and I am just as much to blame for all this. We will make things better starting with my school my
students my friends my family. IT BEGINGS WITH ME.
We will have a successful school NOT because WE are better or because we have a nice facility but because we will care
about how we do things, about our students, about other schools, making sure that IF someone is looking for something
we do not teach that we direct them to those that teach what they want. Making sure that we will be seen in a positive light
and not a negative one. It only takes ONE BAD APPLE to make the whole bunch look bad.
As I look back on what my wife and I have done with D.G.C.F.S. we are VERY proud BUT we did not do this alone!!! But
had HELP from BEN WRIGHT, WOODY CLAYTON, JASON HUSK, SAMI SHBEEB, AARON SHBEEB, CLINT
BODUNGEN and a few others that have helped us with BLOOD SWEAT and tears and financially. We would not be
where we are today with them and our students.. WE *BOW* With all the humility & humbleness we have. Thank you.
We want, what we do, TO MATTER.. We want to make a DIFFERENCE in this world, We want to leave this world a
BETTER place for not for just my son & daughter but yours as well.

Mr. & Mrs.Traylor

 Pre-Incident Indicators
What de Becker calls pre-incident indicators (PINS). When properly
identified these PINS can help violence be avoided; when violence is unavoidable, de
Becker claims it can usually be predicted and better understood. PINS (Pre-Incident
Indicators)
* Forced Teaming. This is when a person tries to pretend that he has something in
common with a person and that they are in the same predicament when that isn’t
really true.
* Charm and Niceness. This is being polite and friendly to a person in order to
manipulate him or her.
* Too many details. If a person is lying they will add excessive details to make
Paul Green themselves sound more credible.
STONEWAL TACTICAL * Typecasting. An insult to get a person who would otherwise ignore one to talk to
Inside D.G.C.F.S.
one.
When do we lose are way? 1 * Loan Sharking. Giving unsolicited help and expecting favors in return.
Ronald’s Fitness Corner 2 * The Unsolicited Promise. A promise to leave someone alone when none was asked
Coming events 5 for, this usually means they won’t leave the person alone.
Airsoft Products 6
U.S. Army no more ground fighting 7
* Discounting the Word “No”. Refusing to accept rejection. Child molesters and
When do we lose are way cont. 8 abductors have many methods to lure a child. The most common 16 child lures are:
Pre-Indicators 9 Affection Lure: Most child abuse happens at the hand of someone the child knows
most effective fighting arts 12 and trusts. Pedophiles exploit that trust to take advantage of tensions in the child or
Whattchu Looking At 13
Welcome 14
teen’s family, like divorce, alcoholism or neglect. Pet Lure: Children love animals.
Exposing fake instructors 15 Many child predators will ask children to help look for their lost puppy or kitty. Parents
Self Defense and the Law 20 must warn their children of this lure and let the kids no there is no lost animal.
Hock Seminar 32 Assistance Lure: Using an assistance lure predators will ask children for help with
directions or help carrying something. Teach your children that adults usually ask
adults for help, not children. The best defense against the assistance lure is for kids to
pretend they do not hear the person and quickly leave the area.
Authority Lure: Pedophiles in a power position, coach, clergy, scout leader, relative,
etc. take advantage of their positions. Make sure your children know it is illegal for
adults to touch them in their bathing suit zone. Nor are adults use their position to
create a Bribery Lure: Pedophiles will use gifts, like candy, toys, electronics, drugs,
money, to get a child to willingly go with them, or they will use the gifts as a reward to
keep the abuse secret or to keep the child tolerating the abuse.
Emergency Lure: Predators will fake a crisis to trick kids and teens into
willingly going with them. For example, they will tell the child, ‘Your father has been
hurt and is in the hospital. I’ve been sent to take you to him.’ Fun and Games Lure:
Pedophiles will, at times, create games using restraints, such as handcuffs, ropes,
duct tape, which can keep a child from protecting themselves or escaping their captor.
Hero Lure: Molesters will exploit a child by making them believe something bad will happen to someone they see as a
hero, a parent, a teacher, coach, relative or celebrity. Children may endure repeated abuse to keep a hero out of trouble,
or maintain a friendship.
Name Recognition Lure: Marking a child’s clothing, backpacks and other belongings can be dangerous. Pedophiles can
read the nametag and call out the child’s name, creating a false sense of familiarly. Companion/Playmate Lure: Child
molesters often use their home as a lure, decorating it with party supplies, toys, sporting goods, etc. Many times, they
will create an environment of anything goes, which can be appealing to children.
Fame and Ego Lure: Sex offenders will offer a child or teen an audition or private tryout to get them to keep the abuse
secret.
Online and Computer Lure: Online predators lure children through chat rooms, emails and social websites. Through these
avenues, a pedophile can learn a child’s personal information and arrange a private meeting. Make sure you kids
know to never post their personal nformation online. Like where they live, go to school or work.
Threats and Weapons Lure: Pedophiles may use violence and intimidation to force children and teens to cooperate with
the abuse, or stay silent about the abuse. They’ll use an ‘it’s my word against yours’ approach.
Job Lure: The job lure is a danger to older teens, even college students. The young adults are lured by an offer of a high-
paying, interesting job. The sex offender will typically set up fake interview in secluded places to abuse
or abduct their subject. These fake jobs are typically advertised with only a P.O. Box.
Pornography Lure: Child predators often use pornography to set the stage for abuse. Adolescents are often curious about
sex and it is not difficult to hold their attention with pornographic material.
Drug Lure: Sex offenders will at times use drugs and alcohol to lure and incapacitate a child into abuse. Predators use
them all, and often combine lures to get a child to comply and keep secrets. Paul Green
Is a Professor of Combative Arts with the American Budo Society as well as the International Technical Director, Alabama State Heavyweight
Champion in Sport Jiu-Jitsu in 1999 I hold a 5th dan in Jujutsu
a 5th dan in Ninjutsu
a 4th dan in Karate and a 3rd dan in Judo/Yudo respectively
also a certified instructor in The Defender Personal Defense Weapon System A certified instructor in the SABER(Strategic Anit-Blade Engagement
Response) Method An Advanced Instructor in Knife/Counter Knife Combatives under W Hock Hocheim
 Page 9

Paul Vunak teaches the Most Effective Tactic of the

Philippine Fighting Arts...

Sifu Paul Vunak World renowned
Navy Seal Training & Reality Based
Combatives Instructor and also my
instructor
Inside D.G.C.F.S.
When do we lose are way?
Ronald’s Fitness Corner
Coming events
Airsoft Products
U.S. Army no more ground fighting 7
When do we lose are way cont.
Pre-Indicators
most effective fighting arts
Whattchu Looking At
Welcome
Exposing fake instructors
Self Defense and the Law
Hock Seminar
For many martial artists, weapons are the reason they train. The appeal of learning
how to wield a weapon, whether traditional or modern is undeniable. Unfortunately, the
lion’s share of attention gets lavished on the Japanese and Chinese arts. It’s
unfortunate because, as any student of self-defense will tell you, the lowly stick holds
so much potential. Perhaps the best source for instruction on stick fighting is the
Philippine art of kali, and one of the best teachers of kali is Paul Vunak. A longtime
student of Dan Inosanto, Vunak has focused on the stick for more than 30 years.
Presented here is his interpretation of the most effective tactic in the sticks arts:
Defanging the snake.
1
2 st
Why should Martial artists in the 21 century incorporate stick fighting into their
5
6
training?
To answer this properly, I have to go back to Bruce Lee and Dan Inosanto in the 1960s.
8 Bruce was obviously an amazing person, an amazing martial artist and an amazing
9 athlete. For many years, he was the only person at that level that Dan had ever seen.
12
13
After meeting Bruce, Dan was introduced to some Filipino masters by Ed Parker. He
14 noticed that those masters had the same attributes as Bruce: similar speed, similar
15 sensitivity, and similar body mechanics. Dan had been in probably 20 martial arts
20 before, but he’d never seen anyone move like Bruce – and these guys were in their
32
60s. Those masters were able to move that way because of the weapons. When you
move with weapons in your hand, it expedites the development of your natural
attributes. Whether you’re talking about speed, power, coordination, timing, spatial
relationships or footwork, you can quadruple it by working with weapons.

How does the weapon training increase your speed?

When you swing a stick, the tip of it moves about 150 miles per hour. No punch moves
that fast. So when you’re used to seeing a stick swing that fast, punches seem like
they’re coming at you in slow motion. There are so many different angles and so many
different weapons that when you make the transition to empty hand, it’s really easy.

What are the practical applications of weapons training?

As I said, you can train with weapons to improve your empty hand, but you can also
train with weapons to prepare for a weapons fight. Seventy percent of encounters
involve weapons. You might be the best empty-hand fighter in the world, but if you don’t know how to fight with a weapon,
you could be in trouble. If you and your opponent have broken bottles in your hands and you don’t know anything about
weapons, you’ll probably make very poor choices. You won’t have distancing, you’ll be overbearing and you won’t
understand what that weapon can do. You’ll probably die. We call that “following the way of the dodo.” So knowledge of
weapons can keep you alive no matter how good your empty hand is. Do you like the stick because it’s readily available in
other forms-like an umbrella or a broom? Actually in the Philippine hierarchy, the most complicated and lethal cocktail is a
long blade and a short blade. But in terms of what weapons will translate to empty hand, you have the first weapon that
Filipinos used: the staff. A staff can be a broomstick or a pool cue; anything long and skinny can work with the same
techniques. The second category is dos manos, which means the weapon is so heavy takes two hands to hold. This
would be similar to the samurai sword, which takes two hands. How could this translate to the street? In an alley, you
could pick up a two-by-four.The next category is the siniwali, which refers to two equal lengths – two sticks or two knives.
In a real fight that could be a pool cue again. If you break a pool cue in half, you have two equal lengths. The next
category is double knife. That could be two broken bottles. There’s also single stick or single knife. A single knife can be
anything edged, such as a broken bottle. A single stick can represent a tire iron, crowbar, or a flashlight. So any one of the
weapons in the Philippine system can correspond to something you can pick up on the street. The most important thing is
to have a skill set that works regardless of the weapon and the only one that does that is “defanging the snake.”
 Page 10

Is that the one technique you’d recommend for the average martial artist?
No matter what weapon you have, it would be defanging the snake. The name means this: The snake is the opponent,
and the fang of the snake is his weapon. When you defang the snake, you take away its weapon. Instead of having a
pillow fight – trading head shots or trying to block – you smash your opponent’s hands. When he drops the weapon,
you’ve defanged the snake. Now you can walk away or kill the snake.

Do you hit the fingers, the back of the hand, the wrist, the forearm or just anywhere?
You won’t know. There are certain drills the Filipinos use to train your brain so that when you see a weapon coming in,
you don’t see it as a weapon to viscerally block. You see it as a target to hit. And when you do hit, anywhere on the
weapon hand is good – all the way up to the elbow.

In training, do you just touch the hand as how it comes out? You have any planned responses like, if he
does this, you do that?
No just hit the hand. It’s important to note that you don’t see a lot of this hand smashing nowadays because many schools
that teach the Philippine martial arts have “sport-ized” it. Anytime you turn a beautiful art into a sport, you dilute it.

Specifically, what do you mean by turning it into a sport?

There are now stick tournaments all over the planet. First of all, the competitors wear helmets, so they come in with
impunity and nobody worries about their head. They also wear hand gear, so nobody attacks the hands because you can’t
hurt them. And they have rattan sticks. In the Philippines, a rattan stick is equal to a rubber stick. It’s a play stick so when
you have rattan sticks with gloves and helmets, you end up just clashing and trading bonks on the head. Then the referee
steps in and somehow ascertains a winner. If this were reality, the very first shot to the head – whether it’s with a pipe, a
flashlight or a crowbar – the person would be down in a pool of blood and the fight would be over. So it’s turned into a
sport. The old Filipino masters don’t fight that way. The ones I’ve trained under all do the same technique: when anybody
comes at them, they defang the snake. You don’t see kids doing this in the sport nowadays. They would rather headhunt.

How do you realistically train for real world street usage?

Interestingly enough, in a karate tournament, the competitors are what I call “under-daring,” which means they don’t really
hit each other in the head, and when they do, the very first point is the one that counts. There’s no follow-up. So whoever
touches the other person in the head first, wins. That’s not realistic because in a real fight, you can take punches to the
face. It’s more important to learn how to trade blows and get in and hit in combinations. In a stick tournament, it’s the
opposite. The competitors are “over-daring.” They get in and trade blows with a stick over and over. Stick tournaments
should be judged more like karate tournaments. After the first shot to the hand, they should break. If the guy leads with his
head, that’s the target you see first, so you hit the head. Then comes the break. That would be more realistic.

In defanging the snake, do you have your weapon hand in the lead position, with your lead foot out? Does it even
make a difference?
It makes a big difference because you don’t need any power when you defang the snake. It’s just a little flick of the wrist.
With a real weapon – a steel pipe, a crowbar, or a blade – one shot on the hand and the game is over. If you don’t need
any power, you might as well put your weapon in your front hand, where the speed is. It’s the same in Bruce Lee’s Jeet
Kune Do.

Is defanging the snake more off a snappy movement or is there a follow-through?

It’s a snapping movement, a quick jab. Again if you’re stick fighting with rattan, you could have no protection on your
hands and hit each other full contact, and it hurts the day after, but you can still fight. If you replace that rattan stick with a
piece of oak and inch and a half in diameter, one shot in the hand and you’re screaming. Every bone in your hand is
broken.

If defanging the snake is your primary tactic, should you always try to use it?
No. Let’s say you are in a close-quarters situation, maybe in a bar. You’re two feet from the guy and he grabs a bottle,
breaks it and comes at you. You have a bottle and you break it, and as he comes forward, the first thing you see is his
face. You don’t even see his hand- it’s low and you’re close- so you shove the bottle in his face. The moral of the story is,
you hit the closest target. Normally, with trained people, the closes target is the hand, but untrained people sometimes
lead with their head. So you hit them in the head first.

How should an unarmed person fight a guy who has a stick?

The strategy is to get close. If he’s swinging the stick at you and you cover your head and charge him, he’ll hit you a
couple of times on the way in, but you’ll be able to take it. Probably seven out of 10 times, if you charge properly and time
it, once you’re in close, you can use trapping techniques, straight blasts, head butts, knees and elbows. The only way to
defeat a stick is to get inside it. On the other hand, with a knife, that whole strategy is irrelevant. There’s no way to fight a
knife.
 Page 11

So unarmed against a knife is a ludicrous question?

Unarmed against a knife is ludicrous. It’s the same as asking how to fight a man with a gun. You don’t fight a man with a
gun physically; you fight him verbally. You use psychology - how you deal with him, how you answer his questions, how
you do what he says.

Facing a knife is similar to facing a gun, then?

Yes. Say you’re an unarmed person in a restaurant. Somebody pulls a knife. The first thing you do is run. Let’s take it to
level two. You’re in that same restaurant with your mother, so you can’t run. I didn’t say your mother-in-law – with her you
leave. (laughs) Now you have to protect your mom, so you can’t run. You have to grab an equalizer; your own knife, a
bottle, a chair, a table, hot soup. Now the third layer: You can’t run, and there’s nothing to grab as the guy attacks you
with a knife. I can’t imagine this scenario well, I guess I could- maybe you’re in a handball court. There’s nowhere to run
because there’s only one door and the guy guarding it with a butcher knife. So how do you fight him? nMany would say to
protect your vital areas and go for his eyes, his groin or his kneecap. We’ve tried this for 27 years. We’ve tried it with ink
pens. We’ve tried it with training knives from Soft-STX. There’s no way to do it, not when a man is attacking you wild and
crazy. It’s all in how the attacker attacks you. If he attacks you with a thrust, like some karate fake pseudo thing, you can
do anything. But if he attacks you like a wild, crazy prison escapee, you can’t go for his eyes or groin because you’re
going to get cut and bleed out. The only thing you can do is dive six inches off the ground and tackle him. Then you
smother the knife and start biting. He’ll have multiple opportunities to give you tiny pokes and cuts, but they’re not death
shots. When you dive at his ankles and start biting, there will probably be only one chance of receiving a death shot, and
it’s on your way in. I would give myself as a martial artist who’s trained for 30 years, a 10 percent chance. If anybody tells
you differently, they’re lying. Ten percent is better than 0 percent.

Biting as a defense… is there any particular way to it?

There’s a whole Philippine are called kino mutai. It teaches 144 uninterrupted bites. By uninterrupted, I mean that you’re
grabbing the opponent while you’re biting. If you just bite, he’ll pull away. While you’re biting you tear. There are 18
different ways to tear. It’s a very complicated art. I augment my kino mutai with Brazilian Jujitsu. People ask me “Are you
worried about getting blood in your mouth?” Of course I’m worried about getting blood in my mouth, so the only situation
that I would ever use kino mutai is in the life or death one that we are referring to.

What are some other realistic ways to train with a stick?

All real world training has to be base on defanging the snake. It has to be based on the honor system because the person
who gets hit first has to drop the weapon. You and your partner have to have that agreement. Once you do, you can
defang the snake with a stick or a knife using the same drill. Or you can grab a baseball bat and do it. Just use a rubber
bat and protect your hands. Defanging isn’t like learning a technique. Martial artists can learn a technique and say they’ve
got it. Learning how to defang the snake is like flying a plane. A pilot talks about how much flight time he has. If I have a
student who’s been with me for a year, he might have 10 or 15 hours of flight time with defanging the snake. Then I might
have a student who’s been with me for 25 years - like Tom Cruse, who’s probably logged thousands of hours doing that
one move. When he spars with any of my other students, he always goes 10 to 1, not because he has a better move but
because he has more flight time with that one move.

The drills you talked about required a partner. How can a person train solo?
Carrenza, which means “shadowboxing.” You get your stick out and work your follow-up. A good drill is to use your stick
to make giant letters in the air and go through the alphabet: A, B, C … Doing the whole alphabet hits every angle.

Should a martial artist practice a specific follow-up after defanging the snake?
When you do your follow-ups, there are stroking drills that you do with the weapon. Stroking drills use various weapons
and angles to promote body mechanics. Somebody who wants to learn boxing starts throwing punches but doesn’t put his
body into his punches; he just punches with his arms. As the person improves, he learns how to put torque into his
punches. When he turns pro, he becomes very lethal with those same punches. The difference between a pro and a
beginner isn’t the punches; it’s how much torque he puts into them. The stick is the same. All the drills we have are
stroking drills that enhance body mechanics so that when you hit something, you can really hurt it. There are names for
the follow-ups. One means “fan,” one means “thrust” and one is named after a fish in the Philippines that swims goofy.
The moves all have the same theme of getting the whole body involved. They’re like a hook, an uppercut or an overhand;
they’re all good for knocking out the guy after you jab him a few times. Which one do you want? Man, I don’t know. They
all work. It’s the same thing with the stick.

Paul Vunak

Page 12
 “Whattchu Looking At?”

Losing Your Way in the Martial Arts , or "How I learned to love the Scenario!"
There is an old Zen parable about a man pointing at the moon. The lesson of the
tale is that all too many people look at the finger rather than where it is pointing- the
moon. You've seen it in movies, paintings; I even have a statue in my office of an old
Chinaman with his finger and face upward. The pointing finger has been around
forever because this ancient riddle is a timeless critique for politics, religion and even
martial training. But is it about the finger, the moon...or both? The public is not too
sure. Why are hand, stick, knife and gun tapes, manuals, books and magazines
By: Hock Hochheim
A pioneer in Reality Based combatives often so boring and so incomplete? Why do the courses virtually miss their mark,
field and Military and L.E.O. trainer leaving students so unprepared and untrained? Because they leave us stuck looking
also my Instructor. at the finger-or more succinctly-a finger shaped into the fist, or what the fingers are
holding as in knives, sticks and guns. Magazines today are little more than catalogs
Inside D.G.C.F.S.
When do we lose are way? 1
for products. Courses and product salesmen rarely linger on what happens after you
Ronald’s Fitness Corner 2 slash that $280 knife across the belly of a man. Or what happens to the lungs or
Coming events 5 skull of a man after the bullet pays a rapid, chaotic visit. And we wonder why people
Airsoft Products 6 suffer post traumatic syndrome after violence! In fact, we have been tricked, mislead,
U.S. Army no more ground fighting 7
When do we lose are way cont. 8 marketed or brainwashed into obsessing about the finger. We perfect punches,
Pre-Indicators 9 obtain foreign sticks, collect macho knives and droll over mechanical guns. Gun
most effective fighting arts 12 people salivate on the firearm. Knife people covet the latest edged weapon. Stick
Whattchu Looking At 13
Welcome 14 people worship the stick. Martial artists obey the grandmasters, train for referee
Exposing fake instructors 15 sport fights and film themselves doing perfect katas. We have learned to revere
Self Defense and the Law 20 them all, haven't we? We pay hundreds, even thousands for them and to them.
Hock Seminar 32
Yes - fists, sticks, knives and guns. We hang them on our walls, we put them on our
t-shirts, our logos, our business cards, cups, hats and even tattoos. We worship the
finger. And yet the full moon looms above. Lets talk here and now. Let's get to it!
Here's the dirty little secret, the ugly, straight-shooting truth. Hands, sticks, knives
and guns hurt, main and kill people. They bash them down. They blow them up.
They break them apart. They cleave them open. The moon in our parable is…the
enemy. How you hurt them, is the finger. The complete relationship in training is
between two (or more) combatants. What-you-do and what-he-does, together as
one. Interactive. The realistic combat scenario is king of all practice, the mother of all
lodes. All roads lead to this Rome. There, I said the bloody, politically incorrect thing.
And until somebody does, our bearings will never be straight, our training systems
askew and our very survival is in jeopardy. Worship the scenario! Good, solid military
and police training at its best is a great example. I went through the Vietnam-era,
Army basic training and vets would report to us on expectations from the enemy.
They told us how the NVA and Viet Cong think. How they attack. How they trick and ambush you, and what you needed to
do. The same is true of the best police training. I was taught early on to interweave with the enemy soldier and the
criminal. Symbiotic. Not just true veterans, but even hunters know this from actual experience. Hunters purchase gear and
plan in a thoughtful and direct relationship to the habits of their prey. Think for a moment about how intense that man-
animal hunting relationship is, and how a shooting or karate instructor pays zero attention to the ways, looks and locales
of a criminal, than a simple hunter does to a deer! Instead they fuss and worry about the position of your big toe in a
stationary stance you won't be in during a fight anyway. I want to keep this veteran approach alive. Via this webpage and
my books, DVDs and courses, I want to spread that message of truth so clear that your jaw drops with enlightenment
because you know deep in your heart, “my God! This will keep me alive.” Many chuckle when they hear me frequently
declare that I really don't care about differing brands of knives, sticks, and guns. They ask me, "Hock, what do you think of
the new "Throat-Slitter Six, SEAL death knife? It is only $350 you know?" I could care less! I'll kill ya' with a kitchen knife. I
don't care much about the products past a point of simple practicality. I cannot and refuse to fixate on them. I will lose my
way. A case I worked. One successful belly slash among many unsuccessful ones. Remember what your expensive,
pretty knife is really for! So you see, when I gaze at the new tactical knife enlarged on the cover of a pretty magazine, so
polished with a green velvet backdrop, like one would sell diamonds upon? I instantly see in my mind's eye the slit open,
dead body in a stinking, red mass on the street. That's just what I see! Like a time warp, like a fortune-teller. This-equals-
that. When I see some obese guy that fancies himself a gun combateer, shooting the latest pistol on a range in a gun
magazine, in an instant, in my minds-eye I see him dead, simply because he is too out-of-shape to run for cover. Then I
see the exploded man he shot at. In one second, I picture two dead guys. Real pretty gun laying there on the ground! Nice
boots. Two dead guys. Finger/Moon equals interactive combat. Not just the finger. Not just the moon. Both. When you
look, do you just see a pretty new Glock pistol? A perfect JKD jab? A shiny new overpriced knife? A Kamagong stick? An
egotistical grandmaster? Are you just stuck on the finger? Whatchu' looking at?

Page 13
WELCOME, HAPPY BIRTHDAY AND CONGRATULATIONS.
Mr. & Mrs. Traylor would like to welcome
Christopher, Tyrone, Dj , Geramo

Mr. & Mrs. Traylor would like to wish a HAPPY BIRTH DAY

Page 14
 Exposing fake Israeli self-defense instructors..
February 10, 2010- I respect what the leaders of Commando Krav Maga (CKM) are
doing.. Quitting because they have learned that they have been deceived, lied to
and defrauded. I know of several who have already quit. This letter and
explaination is from a former Regional Director Ryan Spink. He is a great guy, very
ethical and he stands for the right things. I have trained with Ryan and I know that
he is a great example of a martial artist, both physically and mentally. The first part
is an email that he sent to all of the instructors in his region together with students
that he knew, the very detailed resignation follows..
Date: Wednesday, February 10, 2010, 4:01 PM
/ Hello everyone, I just wanted to notify all of you that I have resigned as your
Robb Hamic Regional Director and as a member of the CKM Elite Instructor Team. My reasons
is an IAFEFI member since 2003,
former Sheriff’s Deputy, Detective
are straight forward and are based upon what I have seen and heard first hand.
and Desert Storm U.S. Army Veteran. Since, writing this resignation letter even more evidence has come to light exposing
He is a Certified Law Enforcement Moni as a fraud, you wish I will send it to those of you who want it, or better yet I will
Trainer (CLET) and is a state and put you in contact with the source so you can see/hear it yourself. I know there will
nationally accredited firearms be those of you who will think that I am just trying to attack Moni personally, however
instructor for handgun, shotgun, rifle, this is not true. I believe that Moni lied to me and you about his past and his claims
patrol rifle and tactics. that CKM is used by the IDF. I know this makes me look bad but I am remembered
Also my Instructor of something I was once told, "All that is necessary for evil to succeed is for good
Inside D.G.C.F.S.
When do we lose are way? 1
men to do nothing." I think $2000.00 is a lot to pay for a self defense system. I can
Ronald’s Fitness Corner 2 honestly say that if I new the truth about Moni and his past I would have never
Coming events 5 signed up for CKM. There are other members of the Elite Team that feel the same
Airsoft Products 6 way I do and have already started putting in their resignations.
U.S. Army no more ground fighting 7
When do we lose are way cont. 8
This has all come about as a result of a conference call that Moni had with all of us
Pre-Indicators 9 on the Elite Instructor Team. On this conference call Moni admitted he only met Imi
most effective fighting arts 12 once and that CKM is not being used by the IDF.
Whattchu Looking At 13 Now I want to be clear, If you like the system and like the techniques then please by
Welcome 14
Exposing fake instructors 15
all means stay with Moni. He is a very nice guy, good teacher, and fun to be around.
Self Defense and the Law 20 As always my school is open to all of you and I hope we can stay in touch. I have
Hock Seminar 32 had the honor of you calling me your teacher and I feel that it would be wrong of me
to step down from this position without giving you an explanation so here it is.

Dear Moni

It is with a heavy heart that I feel it necessary to resign my position as Regional

Director of the Southwestern United States and as a member of the CKM Elite
Instructor Team. I can no longer continue to promote CKM because of recent facts that have come to light regarding your
integrity and the system as a whole. As a result I will not be available to teach the Houston TX Instructor Course or any
other course for you ever again. Although such short notice will present some inconvenience for you, for which I do
apologize, I must sever my relationship with you and CKM immediately, and for this I do not apologize. I am a person of
integrity and have tried to live my life according to the higher principles of the martial arts; my conscience will not allow me
to be associated with you any longer.

My reasons are as follows:

1. During the last 2 years I have watched you lie to others and me about your history, the origins of CKM and its
relation to the IDF.
When I first met you in October of 2007 you made it very clear (crystal clear) in your lecture on the History &
Philosophy of CKM that:
1.) You were asked by the IDF to improve/develop a system of hand-to-hand combat specifically for Special
Forces of the IDF
2.) That CKM was the system used by elite commando units in the IDF, thus the name Commando Krav Maga.
3.) And, that you traveled routinely to Israel to train the IDF..
I have also heard you repeat these claims at a number of other CKM instructor courses; however, during the
conference call (Sunday 7, 2010) with the elite instructor team you made it clear that:
1.) It was just the guys in your unit and you that started experimenting with the traditional Krav Maga techniques,
and that you were not officially asked to overhaul the Krav Maga system, but that this was something you guys
did on your own.
2.) That this system you and your comrades developed was something just your unit did and not a standard for
the IDF or other Special Forces units in the IDF

Page 15
 3.) And finally that you have not traveled to Israel in an official capacity to train the IDF for the last 12 years.
In interviews both on television and in magazines you have made the following claims:
Commando Krav Maga was created especially for commandos…you were chosen to continue the development
of Krav Maga to the elite units…the IDF wanted a review of Krav Maga after the shakeup of the Yum Kippur War
and you were the perfect candidate… you teamed up with the godfather of Krav Maga Imi Lichtenfeld…you said,
“we experimented with techniques of Krav Maga and other techniques that I knew because I came from a rich
background of jiu-jitsu and judo (Taken from Discovery’s Military Channel’s series “Weaponology” which is the
first video on the homepage of www.commandokravmaga.com)
Note, you made it clear on the conference call that you only met Imi once and that he disapproved of your
improvements. You said, “We agreed to disagree.”
You are a Top Special Forces Trainer (History Channel’s series “Human Weapon”)
You train Israeli Elite Combat Units…you took your knowledge of Judo & Jiu-jitsu and combined it with your
knowledge of Krav Maga (Inside Martial Arts Podcast)
Note, present tense usage of TRAIN and that you ARE a Top Special Forces Trainer.
On the program “Celebrity Fit Club” you are introduced as the “Real Deal” after which you say, “CKM is what is
taught to the Elite units of Israel.”
Note, on our conference call you made it clear that CKM was not practiced by any unit of the IDF.
In the article “Street Survival: Commando Krav Maga” found in Budo International #35 Jan/Feb 2007, you again
made the assertion that you were asked by the Israeli military to improve upon the already existing system of
close quarter combat…that you were reassigned to teach hand-to-hand combat to elite military units in the IDF.
Note, again you admitted this was not the case on the conference call and as of yet there is no one from
the IDF who has come forward to support these claims.
In the interview with Real Fighter (July 2004) you made the following claims:
1. The next assignment the army gave you was to develop Krav Maga a little more.
2. You collaborated for about a year with Imi Lichtenfeld.
3. Imi was open-minded to new approaches implying that he liked your improvements.
4. You claim that your collaboration with Imi became the standard for the best Special Forces units in the IDF and
that it was currently being taught at Wingate on the military side.
Note, when asked about this interview by David Clark during our conference call you explicitly stated that
this article was not posted on your website, that you did not approve of it or its claims, and that the
author had fabricated elements of the interview. However, I have a resent email from the author since our
conference call where he states emphatically that he did not fabricate any part of the interview and is
shocked that you would make such a claim. Oh, and just for the record I read the article for myself just
yesterday (Monday, February 8, 2010); I found it in the “Press Room” on www.commandokravmaga.com. I
guess this is another situation like the Regional Director’s Contract, yes?
The last article I read was “Krav Maga is Not Alone Anymore” written by Jim Wagner and posted on your website,
which indicates your approval. This was the winner by far and the one I couldn’t believe even you would allow to
be posted on your website. In it the following claims are made:
1. Imi and you were “placed together to come up with a basic hand-to-hand combat program."
2. Imi and you experimented with hundreds of techniques at Wingate.
3. The article then makes the assertion that you let Imi take the all the credit for creating Krav Maga because you
are a humble person.
Note, Moni, I mean this with the utmost respect, but “What the F**K!” How could you allow on your
website an article like this. I am sorry if you once again you do not like my tone but read it for yourself. It
says, “Imi Lichtenfeld is ultimately credited for the creation of modern Krav Maga because of his senior
status at the time, and because he was the first official chief instructor of Krav Maga for Bahad 8. Moni
Isaac was more than happy to stay out of the limelight, for as one of his students, Joel Gerson put it,
"Moni is intensly private." (a direct cut and paste)
These facts stand in stark contradiction to what you said on our conference call. If you really want people
to know the facts, if you really wanted to set the record straight, and if CKM is truly the best reality based
system in the world; then why do you continue to promote these lies on your own website?
2. Standard business practices of Combat Survival and CKM..
In the last two years as I have made the claim up through the ranks of CKM I have become more and more aware
of the true nature of the organization and its business practices. Here are just a few of the more troubling ones
that come to mind:
1. The dislike for any written documents or official manuals.. You made it clear to us in Miami FL during our Elite
Instructor Conference that the reason there was not an official Elite Instructor Manual/handbook was, “It’s a good
idea not to have anything in writing.” You also have made it clear that in matters of concern you prefer us to “talk
to you directly” and not to send an email because, “when you are upset with your father you do not send him an
email”(your words exactly). I cannot help but think the reason is so that there is not a paper trail should things get
legal.

Page 16
2. When a person becomes an Instructor they are given an exclusive area that is protected in which they can
teach CKM. However I know for a fact that Combat Survival has failed on a number of occasions to keep this
promise. I myself learned for the first time when attending the Los Angeles course in December of 2008 that there
were two people from Victorville, CA attending the course and that they would be teaching in my area. When I
brought this to your attention you said, “Don’t worry about it, you are going to be a member of the elite team.” The
point is Victorville was my exclusive area and I was never notified as to my opinion on the matter.
3. Over pricing Combat Survivals Programs. The ECF and TOP courses both run just short of $2000.00; however,
ECF is not officially recognized by any athletic or sports organization whereas Crossfit and ISSA course are and
they only cost $1000.00 and $550.00. TOP is also not P.O.S.T. certified and not officially recognized by any law
agency. How do you justify the discrepancy in price, and are the students aware of the lack of accreditation? No
they are not. I had one instructor go through the TOP course only to find out that the police departments in his
city would not pay for a program that was not P.O.S.T. certified. He felt cheated because no one had explained to
him this could be a problem.
4. The deliberate attempt to take advantage of Instructors hospitality and exploitation of their gyms. Case in point,
for reasons of convenience you asked David McCloskey if I could stay at his home while I taught the Houston, TX
Instructor Course. It was a great time during which David and I grew very close. On the way to the Airport I
casually asked David how much Combat Survival was paying him for the use of his gym. He replied that Combat
Survival was paying him nothing and when he had asked you how much you normally pay to use a school for a
seminar you replied that you normally pay nothing and those instructors let you use their facility for free. I knew
this to be false as I have helped negotiate the cost of several venues for seminars in CA and am aware of deals
you have made other instructors regarding the use of their facility in exchange for free training. The fact that you
fully intended to have David put me up in his home, use his facility/business, and not even offer to compensate
him was unconscionable and just plain wrong. I told David he should ask Henry about it and see if he could be
compensated. Later, I learned that he received a $600.00 discount on his Level 4 course as compensation. I ask
you Moni in all honesty, when you owned your gym would you have shut it down for four days and rented it out for
a seminar for just $600.00? We used his business, his only source of income, and his home as a hotel and you
can honestly say that $600..00 is fair compensation? This makes me sick, to think that you would take advantage
of David McCloskey in this way. This is really a new all time low.
5. Truth in advertising. On the website you state that the benefits of being a CKM Instructor are:
a.) World Recognized Certification -- but do you let them know that every Krav Maga organization
believes you to be a fraud and that they believe the techniques of CKM violate the basic principles of
KRAV MAGA? Do they know that the IKMF and IKMA do not even recognize CKM as Krav Maga. Note
the IKMA disagrees with Darren Levine and his curriculum, however, even after a law suit I have an email
where David Kahn says Darren Levine is certified to teach Krav Maga. Wow, they will say that about him
but not us.
b.) Prestigious CKM Instructor Diploma -- but do they know this diploma comes with expiration date? This
is the first diploma I have ever received in 27 years of studying martial arts that has come with an
expiration date. Just something I wish I would have known before I took the course.
c.) Comprehensive & Modern Training Curriculum -- I am sorry but four pages with names of techniques
(the techniques are not even illustrated or explained) does not constitute a comprehensive and modern
training curriculum.
d.) Make money immediately -- but do you explain that they are only learning 1/5 of the system and will
not be able to teach Children CKM, Women CKM, TOP, or ECF? Do you let them know that if they wish
to teach the full system of CKM at their school it will cost them as instructors $9,000.00 each year in order
to be current on all their certificates? Do they also know that the current business model of CKM has
never been fully tested at a school? That is you have never run a school teaching the current curriculum
for CKM, Children's CKM, Women’s CKM, TOP, and ECF for one year in a single location to even know if
such a school could make sufficient income as to justify paying $10,000.00 dollars a year in licensing fees
after paying rent, electric, trash, business license.etc…? Remember, you have not even done this
because the current TOP, Women’s CKM, and Children’s CKM curriculum were created in just the last
year. So I say again you are selling a business model that has never been tested by yourself, I am just
thinking this is something buyers should know.
e.) No Franchise Fees, Licensing Fees, or Hidden Fees -- Are you for real? Having to pay each year in
order to be allowed to teach CKM is a licensing fee by definition and it also sounds like a yearly
franchising fee as well.
f.) and my favorite benefit you left off, the limiting of instructors from earning potential, yet normal,
benefits. Yes, as a CKM instructor you limit your ability to make money because you can never produce
books, instructional DVDs, print shirts, make CKM key chains, or cup holders to sell at your school
because that’s a money making machine you want to keep for yourself. CKM is the first martial art system
I have ever known where you do not own your knowledge. CKM is a business model that traps instructors
and limits their ability to increase school revenue through their pro-shops and logo merchandise.

Page 17
 3. Your unashamed disregard to honor your contractual agreements concerning the recent dispute of the
Regional Director pay.
I want to go on record regarding the Regional Director Contract dispute. Here is what the contract says.
Section (J) paragraph (i) “Compensation will be $100 per existing CKM Instructor Located in the Region In good
standing as of December 31 in any given year commencing in the year 2009. Payment will be made no later than
January 31 of the following calendar year. In order to qualify for the $100 payout per certified instructor, existing
CKM instructors in the Region must be in good standing with their teaching license. Any expired CKM instructors
who have not paid their course fees to progress to the next level will not qualify. This includes CKM instructors
asking for extensions for recertification.”
Note the $100 payout is for each instructor in good standing. I understand that you said that this was a mistake on
the part of Henry Kou and that what you wanted was the contract to read Regional Directors would only receive
$100 for instructors that progressed on to the next level. However, I would like to point out that the contract also
requires Regional Directors to do the following:
1. Maintenance, growth and success of Commando Krav Maga in the Region
2. Assist CSI in recruiting new CKM Instructors as well as maintain existing CKM Instructors for their region.
3. Secure training venues for CKM Instructor Certification Courses.
4. Assist with emails and phone calls to existing CKM
5. Arrange a minimum of 8 CKM instructor Enhancement Training Sessions per year in the Region. Each of these
seminars is to run 5 hours per training session. The Regional Director is also to find and secure a training facility
for the CKM instructor Enhancement Training Sessions and provide a full written report of the said seminar.
Now I ask you does it sound fair to ask Regional Directors to do all these things and then only pay them for
instructors that advance?
The contract also reads, “Compensation for the CKM Instructor Enhancement Training Sessions will be $20 per
CKM Instructor that attends the training over and above any expenses which may be incurred. Compensation for
CKM Instructor Enhancement Training Sessions is payable in full 30 days after the completion of each CKM
Enhancement Training Session that the Regional Director conducts.”
I never was paid nor did we ever discuss payment throughout the whole year. Why?
The dispute over the contract was initiated when Henry sent me an email stating that I would only be paid $700
for my year as Regional Director. I knew my region to have more than just 7 instructors so I was upset to say the
least. I called Henry and we discussed the issue. After counting the active instructors in my area, 26, we agreed
that $700 dollars was much too low and that the correct amount should be $2600.00. I was shocked when you
called me to say that, “the contract made no business sense,” and that you did not intend to pay the correct
amount. You stated emphatically that Henry had written the contract wrong, you had never read the contract, and
that it would not be right to pay it. We talked on the phone for close to 15 minutes until it became obviously clear
that you were not going to change your position and so I offered a 50/50 split. You were offering $700 and I was
asking for $2600 and so I suggested we meet in the middle at $1650. I thought we had settled on $1650 but when
I sent you an email saying it was nice to be done with it you replied that you wanted to still think about it and that
you would get back with me on February 2 which would be in clear violation of the contract as payment had to be
made before January 31.. Again when I contacted you by email your replay indicated that you did not care about
the terms of the contract.
Although you did finally agree to pay the $1650 and I did receive payment, the whole experience has now placed
your integrity in question. If you truly did not read the contract before authorizing Henry to send it to the Regional
Directors then that is a mistake on your part. Why should I have to pay for your mistake when I upheld my part of
the contract? Because of this experience I will never be able to enter into any contractual agreement with you
ever again. In short this matter alone has made it impossible for me to work with or for you.
4. Based upon the recent conference call with the Elite Instructor Team I believe you are guilty of the crime of
Fraud.
According to the legal definition, Fraud must be proved by showing that the defendant's actions involved five
separate elements: (1) a false statement of a material fact,(2) knowledge on the part of the defendant that the
statement is untrue, (3) intent on the part of the defendant to deceive the alleged victim, (4) justifiable reliance by
the alleged victim on the statement, and (5) injury to the alleged victim as a result.
1. It is clear in a number of articles and television interviews that you have made false claims about your past and
the relationship between CKM and the IDF. The fact that you currently (Tuesday, February 09, 2010) post these
false claims on your website means that you support the use of these claims to promote CKM.
2. Per the conference call you made it clear that you had only met Imi once, CKM is not currently being used by
any unit of the IDF, and that you never supported these false claims with your actions (specifically when you
denied having the Real Fighting article on your website, that you worked with Imi to create CKM, and that you
were chosen to revamp the old Krav Maga system.)
3. You have used these claims to unjustly promote yourself and CKM. The worst part is you have used these
claims to justify the cost of your seminars and to trick people into paying for your seminars. I know for a fact that if
I knew then (October 2007) what I know now, I would have never traveled to New York and paid $2000.00 for a
system that had zero connection to Israel and the IDF.

Page 18
 4. After reading your claims and seeing you on the “Human Weapon” it was only reasonable that I assumed you
were the “Real Deal.” I, like so many others, have believed your claims and have invested in CKM only to find out
that we have been taken advantage of.
5. Now I have a system with no real connection to Israeli Krav Maga (not what I intended to buy), I have suffered
financially (just under $18,000), and my reputation has seriously been damaged.
I feel that I am the victim of false advertising and have been defrauded. Should there ever be enough CKM
instructors in the future to merit a class action lawsuit, I will most likely be one of the first to sign up.
In closing I want to state that everything I have said has been based on my own observations and experiences
within the system. While there are a lot of crazy claims out there about you Moni, I can only speak about the
things I have directly seen. If you truly wanted to set the record straight you would:
1. Release a copy of your discharge papers and the full name of the unit you served with during the war..
2. You would openly and publicly in your seminars be a straightforward about CKM’s relationship to the IDF and
its Special Forces units.
3. You would come clean about your relationship to Imi and apologize for any misleading comments you made or
might have made about you and him working together to create CKM.
4. You would let people, before they sign up, know that CKM is not currently used by the IDF in any capacity and
that it is your own version of self defense based off of Judo and Jiu-Jitsu and not based off of traditional Krav
Maga.
5. You would remove all incorrect advertising from your website and release a more accurate statement of the
facts. Yes, I know you were in an elite unit, you fought in the war, and you trained some people in the IDF. The
point is your advertising makes it sound like you are under contract to teach them on a regular basis and the CKM
is the system of choice by the IDF (per our telephone call, we both know that not to be true.)
This is a very simple thing to fix so just fix it.

Page 19
 Self Defense and the Law
Ignorance is no excuse… misinformed decisions can be worse.
 
I can’t tell you how many times I’ve overheard conversations on self defense laws,
use of force laws, the legality of weapons, etc. I’ve heard so many versions of how
long a knife can be, to the famous “This is Texas so I can shoot and kill a home
invader…” comments. So many people seem to think they know the law based on
what they have heard, and have never really taken the time to actually read these
laws for themselves. And, I can’t tell you how many times they have been wrong.
It’s a bit scary to me to see how many instructors, weapons carriers, and students
Clint Bodungen believe and spread misinformed hearsay on such important topics in this industry.
Everyone in this industry, both students and instructors alike, need to know critical
Inside D.G.C.F.S.
When do we lose are way? 1 points such as, what constitutes a legal assault and what the related use of force
Ronald’s Fitness Corner 2 laws are. They need to know that, in the State of Texas, verbal provocation alone is
Coming events 5 not enough to prompt action without a perceived eminent threat… and what
Airsoft Products 6 constitutes an eminent threat. Knife carriers and instructors in TX should know
U.S. Army no more ground fighting 7
When do we lose are way cont. 8 beyond the shadow of a doubt that the legal blade length is 5 ½ inches regardless of
Pre-Indicators 9 whether it is a fixed blade or a folder. They need to know that a standard folder
most effective fighting arts 12 legally becomes an illegal “switchblade” once it has been modified to open using
Whattchu Looking At 13 centrifugal force. And this is just the tip of the iceberg when it comes to such
Welcome 14
Exposing fake instructors 15 common misinformed topics on self defense. In a life and death situation, of course it
Self Defense and the Law 20 is more important to save yourself or others over having to worry about legal
Hock Seminar 32 considerations. However, being misinformed about the laws, and making ill-advised
decisions as a result, can land you in serious legal trouble in less than life
threatening situations… and even in some life threatening situations. However, the
problem of being misinformed isn’t limited to just reactionary responses. Being
misinformed of the law can actually cause someone to train for situations differently
than they would have if they had known the actual laws. As a result, they may react
to a situation in a way that can land them in even more trouble. Whereas, had they
been properly informed of the law when training, they could have been trained to
react differently, in a way that not only keeps them safe, but also keeps them out of
legal trouble. Teaching students to worry about self defense first and that the law is
an afterthought is irresponsible. Instructors, it is your obligation to know the laws
relating to your trade, relay them properly to your students, and teach them a self
defense curriculum that also informs them of the laws up front. Students, it is your
responsibility to know the laws relating self defense, especially involving legal
weapons that you might carry. Ignorance of the law is no excuse, but outright
misinformed decisions can end up much worse. I understand that many people may not know where to look for the laws
related to this industry, and others might be intimidated by the enormity of the various penal codes to parse through in
order to find the ones that apply. Therefore, in an effort to help instructors and students get the correct word out, I’ve done
the leg work for you. Below, I’ve compiled a collection of the Texas Penal Code Subsections that apply specifically to
topics relating to self defense, assaults, weapons, use of force, etc. I’ve only compiled the Texas Penal Code here since
I’m in Texas, and it would take quite some time to do the same for all other states (although I do plan on doing it
eventually). Researching the same laws for other countries will be quite another task that will take some time but I plan on
getting to it eventually. For now, you can find the penal codes relating to other states here: http://law.onecle.com/
Please remember that even if you are from one state, if you travel the laws may be different from state to state, and
certainly from country to country. So, it would behoove you to know the related self defense and weapons carry laws in
your travel destinations. If anyone would like to help me with this task in compiling a “self defense related law library” for
all states and other countries, please contact me at clint@houstoncombatarts.com. Any help would be greatly
appreciated.

Page 20
 TEXAS PENAL CODE SUBSECTIONS RELATING TO SELF DEFENSE

USE OF FORCE LAWS...............................................................................................................................22

§ 9.01. DEFINITIONS ............................................................................................................................. 22
§ 9.04. THREATS AS JUSTIFIABLE FORCE ........................................................................................ 22
§ 9.61. PARENT-CHILD ......................................................................................................................... 22
§ 9.62. EDUCATOR-STUDENT ............................................................................................................. 22
§ 9.63. GUARDIAN-INCOMPETENT ..................................................................................................... 23
§ 9.31. SELF-DEFENSE......................................................................................................................... 23
§ 9.32. DEADLY FORCE IN DEFENSE OF PERSON........................................................................... 23
§ 9.33. DEFENSE OF THIRD PERSON................................................................................................. 23
§ 9.34. PROTECTION OF LIFE OR HEALTH........................................................................................ 23
§ 9.41. PROTECTION OF ONE'S OWN PROPERTY ........................................................................... 23
§ 9.42. DEADLY FORCE TO PROTECT PROPERTY........................................................................... 23
§ 9.43. PROTECTION OF THIRD PERSON'S PROPERTY.................................................................. 24
§ 9.44. USE OF DEVICE TO PROTECT PROPERTY........................................................................... 24
ASSAULT AND THREAT RELATED LAWS............................................................................................... 24
§ 22.01. ASSAULT.................................................................................................................................. 24
§ 22.011. SEXUAL ASSAULT ................................................................................................................ 24
§ 22.02. AGGRAVATED ASSAULT ....................................................................................................... 25
§ 22.021. AGGRAVATED SEXUAL ASSAULT ...................................................................................... 26
§ 22.05. DEADLY CONDUCT ................................................................................................................ 26
§ 22.06. CONSENT AS DEFENSE TO ASSAULTIVE CONDUCT........................................................ 26
§ 22.07. TERRORISTIC THREAT .......................................................................................................... 26
DISTURBANCE RELATED LAWS.............................................................................................................. 26
§ 42.01. DISORDERLY CONDUCT ....................................................................................................... 26
§ 42.02. RIOT ......................................................................................................................................... 27
§ 42.072. STALKING .............................................................................................................................. 27
WEAPONS LAWS....................................................................................................................................... 27
§ 46.01. DEFINITIONS ........................................................................................................................... 27
§ 46.02. UNLAWFUL CARRYING WEAPONS ...................................................................................... 28
§ 46.03. PLACES WEAPONS PROHIBITED ......................................................................................... 28
§ 46.035. UNLAWFUL CARRYING OF HANDGUN BY LICENSE HOLDER. ....................................... 29
§ 46.04. UNLAWFUL POSSESSION OF FIREARM .............................................................................. 29
§ 46.05. PROHIBITED WEAPONS ........................................................................................................ 29
§ 46.13. MAKING A FIREARM ACCESSIBLE TO A CHILD .................................................................. 30
USE OF FORCE LAWS

§ 9.01. DEFINITIONS.
In this chapter:
(1) "Custody" has the meaning assigned by Section 38.01.
(2) "Escape" has the meaning assigned by Section 38.01.
(3) "Deadly force" means force that is intended or known by the actor to cause, or in the manner of its use or intended use is capable
of causing, death or serious bodily injury.
Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, § 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, § 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994;
Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 293, § 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1997.
9.04. THREATS AS JUSTIFIABLE FORCE.
The threat of force is justified when the use of force is justified by this chapter. For purposes of this section, a threat to cause death or
serious bodily injury by the production of a weapon or otherwise, as long as the actor's purpose is limited to creating an apprehension
that he will use deadly force if necessary, does not constitute the
use of deadly force.
Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, § 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, § 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.
§ 9.61. PARENT-CHILD.
(a) The use of force, but not deadly force, against a child younger than 18 years is justified:
(1) if the actor is the child's parent or stepparent or is acting in loco parentis to the child; and
(2) when and to the degree the actor reasonably believes the force is necessary to discipline the child or to safeguard or promote his
welfare.
(b) For purposes of this section, "in loco parentis" includes grandparent and guardian, any person acting by, through, or under the
direction of a court with jurisdiction over the child, and anyone who has express or implied consent of the parent or parents.
Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, § 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, § 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.
§ 9.62. EDUCATOR-STUDENT.
The use of force, but not deadly force, against a person is justified:
(1) if the actor is entrusted with the care, supervision, or administration of the person for a special purpose; and
(2) when and to the degree the actor reasonably believes the force is necessary to further the special purpose or to maintain discipline
in a group.
Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, § 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, § 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.
§ 9.63. GUARDIAN-INCOMPETENT.
The use of force, but not deadly force, against a mental incompetent is justified:
(1) if the actor is the incompetent's guardian or someone similarly responsible for the general care and supervision of the incompetent;
And (2) when and to the degree the actor reasonably believes the force is necessary:
(A) to safeguard and promote the incompetent's welfare; or
(B) if the incompetent is in an institution for his care and custody, to maintain discipline in the institution.
Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, § 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, § 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.
§ 9.31. SELF-DEFENSE.
(a) Except as provided in Subsection (b), a person is justified in using force against another when and to the degree he reasonably
believes the force is immediately necessary to protect himself against the other's use or attempted use of unlawful force.
(b) The use of force against another is not justified:
(1) in response to verbal provocation alone;
(2) to resist an arrest or search that the actor knows is being made by a peace officer, or by a person acting in a peace officer's
presence and at his direction, even though the arrest or search is unlawful, unless the resistance is justified under Subsection (c);
(3) if the actor consented to the exact force used or attempted by the other;
(4) if the actor provoked the other's use or attempted use of unlawful force, unless:
(A) the actor abandons the encounter, or clearly communicates to the other his intent to do so reasonably believing he cannot safely
abandon the encounter; and (B) the other nevertheless continues or attempts to use unlawful force against the actor; or
(5) if the actor sought an explanation from or discussion with the other person concerning the actor's differences with the other person
while the actor was: (A) carrying a weapon in violation of Section 46.02; or (B) possessing or transporting a weapon in violation of
Section 46.05. (c) The use of force to resist an arrest or search is justified:
(1) if, before the actor offers any resistance, the peace officer (or person acting at his direction) uses or attempts to use greater force
than necessary to make the arrest or search; and (2) when and to the degree the actor reasonably believes the force is immediately
necessary to protect himself against the peace officer's (or other person's) use or attempted use of greater force than necessary.
(d) The use of deadly force is not justified under this subchapter except as provided in Sections 9.32, 9.33, and 9.34.
Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, § 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, § 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994;
Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 190, § 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1995.
§ 9.32. DEADLY FORCE IN DEFENSE OF PERSON.
(a) A person is justified in using deadly force against another: (1) if he would be justified in using force against the other under Section
9.31; (2) if a reasonable person in the actor's situation would not have retreated; and (3) when and to the degree he reasonably
believes the deadly force is immediately necessary: (A) to protect himself against the other's use or attempted use of unlawful deadly
force; or (B) to prevent the other's imminent commission of aggravated kidnapping, murder, sexual assault, aggravated sexual
assault, robbery, or aggravated robbery. (b) The requirement imposed by Subsection (a)(2) does not apply to an actor who uses force
against a person who is at the time of the use of force committing an offense of unlawful entry in the habitation of the actor.
Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, § 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 5316, ch. 977, § 5, eff. Sept. 1,
1983; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, § 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994; Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 235, § 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1995.
§ 9.33. DEFENSE OF THIRD PERSON. A person is justified in using force or deadly force against another to protect a third person if:
(1) under the circumstances as the actor reasonably believes them to be, the actor would be justified under Section 9.31 or 9.32 in
using force or deadly force to protect himself against the unlawful force or unlawful deadly force he reasonably believes to be
threatening the third person he seeks to protect; and (2) the actor reasonably believes that his intervention is immediately necessary
to protect the third person. Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, § 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, §
1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.
§ 9.34. PROTECTION OF LIFE OR HEALTH. (a) A person is justified in using force, but not deadly force, against another when and to
the degree he reasonably believes the force is immediately necessary to prevent the other from committing suicide or inflicting serious
bodily injury to himself. (b) A person is justified in using both force and deadly force against another when and to the degree he
reasonably believes the force or deadly force is immediately necessary to preserve the other's life in an emergency.
Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, § 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, § 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.
§ 9.41. PROTECTION OF ONE'S OWN PROPERTY. (a) A person in lawful possession of land or tangible, movable property is
justified in using force against another when and to the degree the actor reasonably believes the force is immediately necessary to
prevent or terminate the other's trespass on the land or unlawful interference with the property.
(b) A person unlawfully dispossessed of land or tangible, movable property by another is justified in using force against the other when
and to the degree the actor reasonably believes the force is immediately necessary to reenter the land or recover the
property if the actor uses the force immediately or in fresh pursuit after the dispossession and: (1) the actor reasonably believes the
other had no claim of right when he dispossessed the actor; or (2) the other accomplished the dispossession by using force, threat, or
fraud against the actor. Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, § 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, § 1.01,
eff. Sept. 1, 1994.
§ 9.42. DEADLY FORCE TO PROTECT PROPERTY. A person is justified in using deadly force against another to protect land or
tangible, movable property: (1) if he would be justified in using force against the other under Section 9.41; and
(2) when and to the degree he reasonably believes the deadly force is immediately necessary:
(A) to prevent the other's imminent commission of arson, burglary, robbery, aggravated robbery, theft during the nighttime, or criminal
mischief during the nighttime; or (B) to prevent the other who is fleeing immediately after committing burglary, robbery, aggravated
robbery, or theft during the nighttime from escaping with the property; and
(3) he reasonably believes that: (A) the land or property cannot be protected or recovered by any other means; or
(B) the use of force other than deadly force to protect or recover the land or property would expose the actor or another to a substantial
risk of death or serious bodily injury. Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, § 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg.,
ch. 900, § 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.
§ 9.43. PROTECTION OF THIRD PERSON'S PROPERTY. A person is justified in using force or deadly force against another to
protect land or tangible, movable property of a third person if, under the circumstances as he reasonably believes them to be, the actor
would be justified under Section 9.41 or 9.42 in using force or deadly force to protect his own land or property and:
(1) the actor reasonably believes the unlawful interference constitutes attempted or consummated theft of or criminal mischief to the
tangible, movable property; or (2) the actor reasonably believes that:(A) the third person has requested his protection of the land or
property; (B) he has a legal duty to protect the third person's land or property; or (C) the third person whose land or property he uses
force or deadly force to protect is the actor's spouse, parent, or child, resides with the actor, or is under the actor's care.
Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, § 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, § 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.
§ 9.44. USE OF DEVICE TO PROTECT PROPERTY. The justification afforded by Sections 9.41 and 9.43 applies to the use
of a device to protect land or tangible, movable property if:(1) the device is not designed to cause, or known by the actor
to create a substantial risk of causing, death or serious bodily injury; and (2) use of the device is reasonable under all the
circumstances as the actor reasonably believes them to be when he installs the device.Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch.
399, § 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1975, 64th Leg., p. 913, ch. 342, § 6, eff. Sept. 1, 1975. Acts 1993, 73rd
Leg., ch. 900, § 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.
ASSAULT AND THREAT RELATED LAWS § 22.01. ASSAULT. (a) A person commits an offense if the person:
(1) intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly causes bodily injury to another, including the person's spouse;
(2) intentionally or knowingly threatens another with imminent bodily injury, including the person's spouse; or
(3) intentionally or knowingly causes physical contact with another when the person knows or should reasonably believe that the other
will regard the contact as offensive or provocative.(b) An offense under Subsection (a)(1) is a Class A misdemeanor, except that the
offense is a felony of the third degree if the offense is committed against:
(1) a person the actor knows is a public servant while the public servant is lawfully discharging an official duty, or in retaliation or on
account of an exercise of official power or performance of an official duty as a public servant; (2) a person whose relationship to or
association with the defendant is described by Section 71.0021(b), 71.003, or 71.005, Family Code, if it is shown on the trial of the
offense that the defendant has been previously convicted of an offense under this chapter, Chapter 19, or Section 20.03, 20.04, or
21.11 against a person whose relationship to or association with the defendant is described by Section 71.0021(b), 71.003, or 71.005,
Family Code; (3) a person who contracts with government to perform a service in a facility as defined by Section 1.07(a)(14), Penal
Code, or Section 51.02(13) or (14), Family Code, or an employee of that person: (A) while the person or employee is engaged in
performing a service within the scope of the contract, if the actor knows the person or employee is authorized by government to provide
the service; or (B) in retaliation for or on account of the person's or employee's performance of a service within the scope of the
contract; or (4) a person the actor knows is a security officer while the officer is performing a duty as a security officer.
(c) An offense under Subsection (a)(2) or (3) is a Class C misdemeanor, except that the offense is: (1) a Class A misdemeanor if
the offense is committed under Subsection (a)(3) against an elderly individual or disabled individual, as those terms are
defined by Section 22.04; or (2) a Class B misdemeanor if the offense is committed by a person who is not a sports
participant against a person the actor knows is a sports participant either: (A) while the participant is performing duties or
responsibilities in the participant's capacity as a sports participant; or (B) in retaliation for or on account of the participant's
performance of a duty or responsibility within the participant's capacity as a sports participant. (d) For purposes of Subsection
(b), the actor is presumed to have known the person assaulted was a public servant or a security officer if the person was
wearing a distinctive uniform or badge indicating the person's employment as a public servant or status as a security officer.
(e) In this section:(1), (2) Repealed by Acts 2005, 79th Leg., ch. 788, § 6.(3) "Security officer" means a commissioned
security officer as defined by Section 1702.002, Occupations Code, or a noncommissioned security officer registered under
Section 1702.221, Occupations Code. (4) "Sports participant" means a person who participates in any official capacity with
respect to an interscholastic, intercollegiate, or other organized amateur or professional athletic competition and includes an
athlete, referee, umpire, linesman, coach, instructor, administrator, or staff member. (f) For the purposes of Subsection
(b)(2):(1) a defendant has been previously convicted of an offense listed in Subsection (b)(2) committed against a person
whose relationship to or association with the defendant is described by Section 71.0021(b), 71.003, or 71.005, Family Code, if
the defendant was adjudged guilty of the offense or entered a plea of guilty or nolo contendere in return for a grant of deferred
adjudication, regardless of whether the sentence for the offense was ever imposed or whether the sentence was probated and
the defendant was subsequently discharged from community supervision; and (2) a conviction under the laws of another
state for an offense containing elements that are substantially similar to the elements of an offense listed in Subsection (b)(2)
is a conviction of an offense listed in Subsection (b)(2).Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, § 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended
by Acts 1977, 65th Leg., 1st C.S., p. 55, ch. 2, § 12, 13, eff. July 22, 1977; Acts 1979, 66th Leg., p. 260, ch. 135, § 1, 2, eff.
Aug. 27, 1979; Acts 1979, 66th Leg., p. 367, ch. 164, § 2, eff. Sept. 1, 1979; Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 5311, ch. 977, § 1, eff.
Sept. 1, 1983; Acts 1987, 70th Leg., ch. 1052, § 2.08, eff. Sept. 1, 1987; Acts 1989, 71st Leg., ch. 739, § 1 to 3, eff. Sept. 1,
1989; Acts 1991, 72nd Leg., ch. 14, § 284(23) to (26), eff. Sept. 1, 1991; Acts 1991, 72nd Leg., ch. 334, § 1, eff. Sept. 1,
1991; Acts 1991, 72nd Leg., ch. 366, § 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1991; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, § 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994; Acts
1997, 75th Leg., ch. 165, § 27.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1997; Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 318, § 5, eff. Sept. 1, 1995; Acts 1995, 74th
Leg., ch. 659, § 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1995; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 165, § 27.01, 31.01(68), eff. Sept. 1, 1997; Acts 1999, 76th
Leg., ch. 62, § 15.02(a), eff. Sept. 1, 1999; Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 1158, § 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1999; Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch.
294, § 1, eff. Sept. 1, 2003; Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 1019, § 1, 2, eff. Sept. 1, 2003; Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 1028, § 1, eff.
Sept. 1, 2003; Acts 2005, 79th Leg., ch. 728, § 16.001, 16.002, eff. Sept. 1, 2005, Acts 2005, 79th Leg., ch. 788, § 1, 2, 6, eff.
Sept. 1, 2005.
(d) § 22.011. SEXUAL ASSAULT. (a) A person commits an offense if the person: (1) intentionally or knowingly:
(A) causes the penetration of the anus or sexual organ of another person by any means, without that person's consent;
(e) (B) causes the penetration of the mouth of another person by the sexual organ of the actor, without that person's consent; or
(C) causes the sexual organ of another person, without that person's consent, to contact or penetrate the mouth, anus, or sexual organ
of another person, including the actor; or (2) intentionally or knowingly: (A) causes the penetration of the anus or sexual organ of a
child by any means; (B) causes the penetration of the mouth of a child by the sexual organ of the actor; (C) causes the sexual organ of
a child to contact or penetrate the mouth, anus, or sexual organ of another person, including the actor; (D) causes the anus of a child
to contact the mouth, anus, or sexual organ of another person, including the actor; or (E) causes the mouth of a child to contact the
anus or sexual organ of another person, including the actor. (b) A sexual assault under Subsection (a)(1) is without the consent of the
other person if: (1) the actor compels the other person to submit or participate by the use of physical force or violence;
(2) the actor compels the other person to submit or participate by threatening to use force or violence against the other person, and the
other person believes that the actor has the present ability to execute the threat; (3) the other person has not consented and the actor
knows the other person is unconscious or physically unable to resist; (4) the actor knows that as a result of mental disease or defect
the other person is at the time of the sexual assault incapable either of appraising the nature of the act or of resisting it; (5) the other
person has not consented and the actor knows the other person is unaware that the sexual assault is occurring;
(6) the actor has intentionally impaired the other person's power to appraise or control the other person's conduct by administering any
substance without the other person's knowledge;
(7) the actor compels the other person to submit or participate by threatening to use force or violence against any person, and the
other person believes that the actor has the ability to execute the threat;
(8) the actor is a public servant who coerces the other person to submit or participate; (9) the actor is a mental health services provider
or a health care services provider who causes the other person, who is a patient or former patient of the actor, to submit or participate
by exploiting the other person's emotional dependency on the actor; (10) the actor is a clergyman who causes the other person to
submit or participate by exploiting the other person's emotional dependency on the clergyman in the clergyman's professional character
as spiritual adviser; or (11) the actor is an employee of a facility where the other person is a resident, unless the employee and
resident are formally or informally married to each other under Chapter 2, Family Code. (c) In this section:
(1) "Child" means a person younger than 17 years of age who is not the spouse of the actor. (2) "Spouse" means a person who is
legally married to another. (3) "Health care services provider" means:(A) a physician licensed under Subtitle B, Title 3, Occupations
Code;(B) a chiropractor licensed under Chapter 201, Occupations Code; (C) a physical therapist licensed under Chapter 453,
Occupations Code; (D) a physician assistant licensed under Chapter 204, Occupations Code; or (E) a registered nurse, a vocational
nurse, or an advanced practice nurse licensed under Chapter 301, Occupations Code. (4) "Mental health services provider" means an
individual, licensed or unlicensed, who performs or purports to perform mental health services, including a:
(A) licensed social worker as defined by Section 505.002, Occupations Code;
(B) chemical dependency counselor as defined by Section 504.001, Occupations Code;
(C) licensed professional counselor as defined by Section 503.002, Occupations Code;
(D) licensed marriage and family therapist as defined by Section 502.002, Occupations Code;
(E) member of the clergy;
(F) psychologist offering psychological services as defined by Section 501.003, Occupations Code; or
(G) special officer for mental health assignment certified under Section 1701.404, Occupations Code.
(5) "Employee of a facility" means a person who is an employee of a facility defined by Section 250.001, Health and Safety Code, or
any other person who provides services for a facility for compensation, including a contract laborer.
(d) It is a defense to prosecution under Subsection (a)(2) that the conduct consisted of medical care for the child and did not include
any contact between the anus or sexual organ of the child and the mouth, anus, or sexual organ of the actor or a third party. (e) It is an
affirmative defense to prosecution under Subsection (a)(2) that:
(1) the actor was not more than three years older than the victim and at the time of the offense: (A) was not required under Chapter
62, Code of Criminal Procedure, to register for life as a sex offender; or (B) was not a person who under Chapter 62, Code of Criminal
Procedure, had a reportable conviction or adjudication for an offense under this section; and
(2) the victim: (A) was a child of 14 years of age or older; and (B) was not a person whom the actor was prohibited from marrying or
purporting to marry or with whom the actor was prohibited from living under the appearance of being married under Section 25.01.
(f) An offense under this section is a felony of the second degree, except that an offense under this section is a felony of the first
degree if the victim was a person whom the actor was prohibited from marrying or purporting to marry or with whom the actor was
prohibited from living under the appearance of being married under Section 25.01. Added by Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 5312, ch. 977, §
3, eff. Sept. 1, 1983. Amended by Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 557, § 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985; Acts 1987, 70th Leg., ch. 1029, § 1, eff. Sept.
1, 1987; Acts 1991, 72nd Leg., ch. 662, § 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1991; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, § 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994; Acts 1995,
74th Leg., ch. 273, § 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1995; Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 318, § 6, eff. Sept. 1, 1995; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 1031, § 1
, 2, eff. Sept. 1, 1997; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 1286, § 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1997; Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 1102, § 3, eff. Sept. 1, 1999;
Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 1415, § 24, eff. Sept. 1, 1999; Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 1420, § 14.829, eff. Sept. 1, 2001; Acts 2003, 78th
Leg., ch. 155, § 1, 2, eff. Sept. 1, 2003; Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 528, § 1, eff. Sept. 1, 2003; Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 553, § 2.017,
eff. Feb. 1, 2004; Acts 2005, 79th Leg., ch. 268, § 4.02, eff. Sept. 1, 2005.
§ 22.02. AGGRAVATED ASSAULT(a) A person commits an offense if the person commits assault as defined in § 22.01 and the
person:
(1) causes serious bodily injury to another, including the person's spouse; or
(2) uses or exhibits a deadly weapon during the commission of the assault. (b) An offense under this section is a felony of the second
degree, except that the offense is a felony of the first degree if: (1) the actor uses a deadly weapon during the commission of the
assault and causes serious bodily injury to a person whose relationship to or association with the defendant is described by Section
71.0021(b), 71.003, or 71.005, Family Code; or (2) regardless of whether the offense is committed under Subsection (a)(1) or (a)(2),
the offense is committed:(A) by a public servant acting under color of the servant's office or employment;
(B) against a person the actor knows is a public servant while the public servant is lawfully discharging an official duty, or in retaliation
or on account of an exercise of official power or performance of an official duty as a public servant;
(C) in retaliation against or on account of the service of another as a witness, prospective witness, informant, or person who has
reported the occurrence of a crime; or (D) against a person the actor knows is a security officer while the officer is performing a duty
as a security officer.(c) The actor is presumed to have known the person assaulted was a public servant or a security officer if the
person was wearing a distinctive uniform or badge indicating the person's employment as a public servant or status as a security
officer.(d) In this section, "security officer" means a commissioned security officer as defined by Section 1702.002, Occupations Code,
or a noncommissioned security officer registered under Section 1702.221, Occupations Code. Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, §
1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1979, 66th Leg., p. 367, ch. 164, § 2, eff. Sept. 1, 1979; Acts 1979, 66th Leg., p. 1521, ch. 655,
§ 2, eff. Sept. 1, 1979; Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 349, ch. 79, § 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1983; Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 5311, ch. 977, § 2, eff.
Sept. 1, 1983; Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 223, § 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985; Acts 1987, 70th Leg., ch. 18, § 3, eff. April 14, 1987; Acts 1987,
70th Leg., ch. 1101, § 12, eff. Sept. 1, 1987; Acts 1989, 71st Leg., ch. 939, § 1 to 3, eff. Sept. 1, 1989; Acts 1991, 72nd Leg., ch. 334,
§ 2, eff. Sept. 1, 1991; Acts 1991, 72nd Leg., ch. 903, § 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1991; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, § 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994;
Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 1019, § 3, eff. Sept. 1, 2003; Acts 2005, 79th Leg., ch. 788, § 3, eff. Sept. 1, 2005.
§ 22.021. AGGRAVATED SEXUAL ASSAULT.
(a) A person commits an offense: (1) if the person: (A) intentionally or knowingly: (i) causes the penetration of the anus or sexual
organ of another person by any means, without that person's consent;(ii) causes the penetration of the mouth of another person by the
sexual organ of the actor, without that person's consent; or (iii) causes the sexual organ of another person, without that person's
consent, to contact or penetrate the mouth, anus, or sexual organ of another person, including the actor; or (B) intentionally or
knowingly: (i) causes the penetration of the anus or sexual organ of a child by any means; (ii) causes the penetration of the mouth of a
child by the sexual organ of the actor;(iii) causes the sexual organ of a child to contact or penetrate the mouth, anus, or sexual organ of
another person, including the actor; (iv) causes the anus of a child to contact the mouth, anus, or sexual organ of another person,
including the actor; or (v) causes the mouth of a child to contact the anus or sexual organ of another person, including the actor; and
(2) if: (A) the person:(i) causes serious bodily injury or attempts to cause the death of the victim or another person in the course of the
same criminal episode; (ii) by acts or words places the victim in fear that death, serious bodily injury, or kidnapping will be imminently
inflicted on any person; (iii) by acts or words occurring in the presence of the victim threatens to cause the death, serious bodily injury,
or kidnapping of any person; (iv) uses or exhibits a deadly weapon in the course of the same criminal episode;
(v) acts in concert with another who engages in conduct described by Subdivision (1) directed toward the same victim and occurring
during the course of the same criminal episode; or (vi) administers or provides flunitrazepam, otherwise known as rohypnol, gamma
hydroxybutyrate, or ketamine to the victim of the offense with the intent of facilitating the commission of the offense; (B) the victim is
younger than 14 years of age; or (C) the victim is an elderly individual or a disabled individual. (b) In this section:
(1) "Child" has the meaning assigned by Section 22.011(c).(2) "Elderly individual" and "disabled individual" have the meanings
assigned by Section 22.04(c). (c) An aggravated sexual assault under this section is without the consent of the other person if the
aggravated sexual assault occurs under the same circumstances listed in Section 22.011(b). (d) The defense provided by Section
22.011(d) applies to this section.(e) An offense under this section is a felony of the first degree. Added by Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p.
5312, ch. 977, § 3, eff. Sept. 1, 1983. Amended by Acts 1987, 70th Leg., ch. 573, § 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1987; Acts 1987, 70th Leg., 2nd
C.S., ch. 16, § 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1987; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, § 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994; Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 318, § 7, eff.
Sept. 1, 1995; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 1286, § 2, eff. Sept. 1, 1997; Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 417, § 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1999; Acts 2001,
77th Leg., ch. 459, § 5, eff. Sept. 1, 2001; Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 528, § 2, eff. Sept. 1, 2003; Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 896, § 1, eff.
Sept. 1, 2003.
§ 22.05. DEADLY CONDUCT. (a) A person commits an offense if he recklessly engages in conduct that places another in imminent
danger of serious bodily injury.(b) A person commits an offense if he knowingly discharges a firearm at or in the direction of:
(1) one or more individuals; or (2) a habitation, building, or vehicle and is reckless as to whether the habitation, building, or vehicle is
occupied. (c) Recklessness and danger are presumed if the actor knowingly pointed a firearm at or in the direction of another whether
or not the actor believed the firearm to be loaded. (d) For purposes of this section, "building," "habitation," and "vehicle" have the
meanings assigned those terms by Section 30.01.(e) An offense under Subsection (a) is a Class A misdemeanor. An offense under
Subsection (b) is a felony of the third degree. Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, § 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd
Leg., ch. 900, § 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.
§ 22.06. CONSENT AS DEFENSE TO ASSAULTIVE CONDUCT. The victim's effective consent or the actor's reasonable belief that the
victim consented to the actor's conduct is a defense to prosecution under Section 22.01 (Assault), 22.02 (Aggravated Assault), or 22.05
(Deadly Conduct) if:(1) the conduct did not threaten or inflict serious bodily injury; or (2) the victim knew the conduct was a risk of:
(A) his occupation; (B) recognized medical treatment; or (C) a scientific experiment conducted by recognized methods.
Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, § 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, § 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.
§ 22.07. TERRORISTIC THREAT. (a) A person commits an offense if he threatens to commit any offense involving violence to any
person or property with intent to:
(1) cause a reaction of any type to his threat by an official or volunteer agency organized to deal with emergencies;
(2) place any person in fear of imminent serious bodily injury;
(3) prevent or interrupt the occupation or use of a building, room, place of assembly, place to which the public has access, place of
employment or occupation, aircraft, automobile, or other form of conveyance, or other public place;
(4) cause impairment or interruption of public communications, public transportation, public water, gas, or power supply or other public
service; (5) place the public or a substantial group of the public in fear of serious bodily injury; or (6) influence the conduct or activities
of a branch or agency of the federal government, the state, or a political subdivision of the state. (b) An offense under Subsection (a)(1)
is a Class B misdemeanor. (c) An offense under Subsection (a)(2) is a Class B misdemeanor, except that the offense is a Class A
misdemeanor if the offense: (1) is committed against a member of the person's family or household or otherwise constitutes family
violence; or (2) is committed against a public servant. (d) An offense under Subsection (a)(3) is a Class A misdemeanor, unless the
actor causes pecuniary loss of $1,500 or more to the owner of the building, room, place, or conveyance, in which event the offense is a
state jail felony.(e) An offense under Subsection (a)(4), (a)(5), or (a)(6) is a felony of the third degree.(f) In this section:
(1) "Family" has the meaning assigned by Section 71.003, Family Code. (2) "Family violence" has the meaning assigned by Section
71.004, Family Code. (3) "Household" has the meaning assigned by Section 71.005, Family Code.
(g) For purposes of Subsection (d), the amount of pecuniary loss is the amount of economic loss suffered by the owner of the building,
room, place, or conveyance as a result of the prevention or interruption of the occupation or use of the building, room, place, or
conveyance.Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, § 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1979, 66th Leg., p. 1114, ch. 530, § 2, eff.
Aug. 27, 1979; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, § 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994; Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 139, § 1, eff. Sept. 1, 2003; Acts
2003, 78th Leg., ch. 388, § 2, eff. Sept. 1, 2003; Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 446, § 1, eff. Sept. 1, 2003; Acts 2005, 79th Leg., ch. 728, §
16.003, eff. Sept. 1, 2005
DISTURBANCE RELATED LAWS
§ 42.01. DISORDERLY CONDUCT. (a) A person commits an offense if he intentionally or knowingly:
(1) uses abusive, indecent, profane, or vulgar language in a public place, and the language by its very utterance tends to incite an
immediate breach of the peace; (2) makes an offensive gesture or display in a public place, and the gesture or display tends to incite
an immediate breach of the peace; (3) creates, by chemical means, a noxious and unreasonable odor in a public place; (4) abuses or
threatens a person in a public place in an obviously offensive manner; (5) makes unreasonable noise in a public place other than a
sport shooting range, as defined by Section 250.001, Local Government Code, or in or near a private residence that he has no right to
occupy; (6) fights with another in a public place; (7) discharges a firearm in a public place other than a public road or a sport shooting
range, as defined by Section 250.001, Local Government Code; (8) displays a firearm or other deadly weapon in a public place in a
manner calculated to alarm; (9) discharges a firearm on or across a public road; (10) exposes his anus or genitals in a public place
and is reckless about whether another may be present who will be offended or alarmed by his act; or
(11) for a lewd or unlawful purpose: (A) enters on the property of another and looks into a dwelling on the property through any
window or other opening in the dwelling; (B) while on the premises of a hotel or comparable establishment, looks into a guest room not
the person's own through a window or other opening in the room; or (C) while on the premises of a public place, looks into an area
such as a restroom or shower stall or changing or dressing room that is designed to provide privacy to a person using the area.
(b) It is a defense to prosecution under Subsection (a)(4) that the actor had significant provocation for his abusive or threatening
conduct. (c) For purposes of this section: (1) an act is deemed to occur in a public place or near a private residence if it produces its
offensive or proscribed consequences in the public place or near a private residence; and (2) a noise is presumed to be unreasonable
if the noise exceeds a decibel level of 85 after the person making the noise receives notice from a magistrate or peace
officer that the noise is a public nuisance.(d) An offense under this section is a Class C misdemeanor unless committed under
Subsection (a)(7) or (a)(8), in which event it is a Class B misdemeanor.(e) It is a defense to prosecution for an offense under
Subsection (a)(7) or (9) that the person who discharged the firearm had a reasonable fear of bodily injury to the person
or to another by a dangerous wild animal as defined by Section 822.101, Health and Safety Code.Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch.
399, § 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1977, 65th Leg., p. 181, ch. 89, § 1, 2, eff. Aug. 29, 1977; Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 4641,
ch. 800, § 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1983; Acts 1991, 72nd Leg., ch. 145, § 2, eff. Aug. 26, 1991; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, § 1.01, eff. Sept.
th
1, 1994; Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 318, § 14, eff. Sept. 1, 1995; Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 54, § 4, eff. Sept. 1, 2001; Acts 2003, 78
Leg., ch. 389, § 1, eff. Sept. 1, 2003.
§ 42.02. RIOT. (a) For the purpose of this section, "riot" means the assemblage of seven or more persons resulting in conduct which:
(1) creates an immediate danger of damage to property or injury to persons; (2) substantially obstructs law enforcement or other
governmental functions or services; or (3) by force, threat of force, or physical action deprives any person of a legal right or disturbs
any person in the enjoyment of a legal right: (b) A person commits an offense if he knowingly participates in a riot.
(c) It is a defense to prosecution under this section that the assembly was at first lawful and when one of those assembled manifested
an intent to engage in conduct enumerated in Subsection (a), the actor retired from the assembly. (d) It is no defense to prosecution
under this section that another who was a party to the riot has been acquitted, has not been arrested, prosecuted, or convicted, has
been convicted of a different offense or of a different type or class of offense, or is immune from prosecution. (e) Except as provided in
Subsection (f), an offense under this section is a Class B misdemeanor.
(f) An offense under this section is an offense of the same classification as any offense of a higher grade committed by anyone
engaged in the riot if the offense was: (1) in the furtherance of the purpose of the assembly; or (2) an offense which should have been
anticipated as a result of the assembly. Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, § 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg.,
ch. 900, § 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.

§ 42.072. STALKING. (a) A person commits an offense if the person, on more than one occasion and pursuant to the same scheme or
course of conduct that is directed specifically at another person, knowingly engages in conduct, including following the other person,
that: (1) the actor knows or reasonably believes the other person will regard as threatening: (A) bodily injury or death for the other
person; (B) bodily injury or death for a member of the other person's family or household; or (C) that an offense will be committed
against the other person's property; (2) causes the other person or a member of the other person's family or household to be placed in
fear of bodily injury or death or fear that an offense will be committed against the other person's property; and (3) would cause a
reasonable person to fear: (A) bodily injury or death for himself or herself; (B) bodily injury or death for a member of the person's family
or household; or (C) that an offense will be committed against the person's property. (b) An offense under this section is a felony of
the third degree, except that the offense is a felony of the second degree if the actor has previously been convicted under this section.
(c) In this section, "family," "household," and "member of a household" have the meanings assigned by Chapter 71, Family Code.
Added by Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 1, § 1, eff. Jan. 28, 1997. Amended by Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 62, § 15.02(e), eff. Sept. 1, 1999;
Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 1222, § 2, eff. Sept. 1, 2001.

WEAPONS LAWS

§ 46.01. DEFINITIONS .
In this chapter:

(1) "Club" means an instrument that is specially designed, made, or adapted for the purpose of inflicting serious bodily injury or death
by striking a person with the instrument, and includes but is not limited to the following:(A) blackjack;
(B) nightstick; (C) mace; (D) tomahawk. (2) "Explosive weapon" means any explosive or incendiary bomb, grenade, rocket, or mine,
that is designed, made, or adapted for the purpose of inflicting serious bodily injury, death, or substantial property damage, or for the
principal purpose of causing such a loud report as to cause undue public alarm or terror, and includes a device designed, made, or
adapted for delivery or shooting an explosive weapon. (3) "Firearm" means any device designed, made, or adapted to expel a
projectile through a barrel by using the energy generated by an explosion or burning substance or any device readily convertible to that
use. Firearm does not include a firearm that may have, as an integral part, a folding knife blade or other characteristics of weapons
made illegal by this chapter and that is:(A) an antique or curio firearm manufactured before 1899; or (B) a replica of an antique or
curio firearm manufactured before 1899, but only if the replica does not use rim fire or center fire ammunition. (4) "Firearm silencer"
means any device designed, made, or adapted to muffle the report of a firearm. (5) "Handgun" means any firearm that is designed,
made, or adapted to be fired with one hand. (6) "Illegal knife" means a: (A) knife with a blade over five and one-half inches;
(B) hand instrument designed to cut or stab another by being thrown; (C) dagger, including but not limited to a dirk, stilletto, and
poniard; (D) bowie knife;(E) sword; or (F) spear.(7) "Knife" means any bladed hand instrument that is capable of inflicting serious
bodily injury or death by cutting or stabbing a person with the instrument. (8) "Knuckles" means any instrument that consists of finger
rings or guards made of a hard substance and that is designed, made, or adapted for the purpose of inflicting serious bodily injury or
death by striking a person with a fist enclosed in the knuckles.(9) "Machine gun" means any firearm that is capable of shooting more
than two shots automatically, without manual reloading, by a single function of the trigger.(10) "Short-barrel firearm" means a rifle with
a barrel length of less than 16 inches or a shotgun with a barrel length of less than 18 inches, or any weapon made from a shotgun or
rifle if, as altered, it has an overall length of less than 26 inches.(11) "Switchblade knife" means any knife that has a blade that folds,
closes, or retracts into the handle or sheath, and that: (A) opens automatically by pressure applied to a button or other device located
on the handle; or (B) opens or releases a blade from the handle or sheath by the force of gravity or by the application of centrifugal
force. (12) "Armor-piercing ammunition" means handgun ammunition that is designed primarily for the purpose of penetrating metal or
body armor and to be used principally in pistols and revolvers.(13) "Hoax bomb" means a device that: (A) reasonably appears to be an
explosive or incendiary device; or (B) by its design causes alarm or reaction of any type by an official of a public safety agency or a
volunteer agency organized to deal with emergencies. (14) "Chemical dispensing device" means a device, other than a small chemical
dispenser sold commercially for personal protection, that is designed, made, or adapted for the purpose of dispensing a substance
capable of causing an adverse psychological or physiological effect on a human being. (15) "Racetrack" has the meaning assigned
that term by the Texas Racing Act (Article 179e, Vernon's Texas Civil Statutes).(16) "Zip gun" means a device or combination of
devices that was not originally a firearm and is adapted to expel a projectile through a smooth-bore or rifled-bore barrel by using the
energy generated by an explosion or burning substance. Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, § 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts
1975, 64th Leg., p. 917, ch. 342, § 13, eff. Sept. 1, 1975; Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 2650, ch. 457, § 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1983; Acts 1983,
68th Leg., p. 4830, ch. 852, § 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1983; Acts 1987, 70th Leg., ch. 167, § 5.01(a)(46), eff. Sept. 1, 1987; Acts 1989, 71st
Leg., ch. 749, § 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1989; Acts 1991, 72nd Leg., ch. 229, § 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1991; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, § 1.01, eff.
Sept. 1, 1994; Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 1445, § 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1999.

§ 46.02. UNLAWFUL CARRYING WEAPONS. (a) A person commits an offense if he intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly carries on
or about his person a handgun, illegal knife, or club.(b) Except as provided by Subsection (c), an offense under this section is a Class
A misdemeanor.(c) An offense under this section is a felony of the third degree if the offense is committed on any premises licensed or
issued a permit by this state for the sale of alcoholic beverages.Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, § 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended
by Acts 1975, 64th Leg., p. 109, ch. 49, § 1, eff. April 15, 1975; Acts 1975, 64th Leg., p. 918, ch. 342, § 14, eff. Sept. 1, 1975; Acts
1975, 64th Leg., p. 1330, ch. 494, § 2, eff. June 19, 1975; Acts 1977, 65th Leg., p. 1879, ch. 746, § 26, eff. Aug. 29, 1977; Acts 1981,
67th Leg., p. 2273, ch. 552, § 1, eff. Aug. 31, 1981; Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 5113, ch. 931, § 1, eff. Aug. 29, 1983; Acts 1987, 70th
Leg., ch. 262, § 21, eff. Sept. 1, 1987; Acts 1987, 70th Leg., ch. 873, § 25, eff. Sept. 1, 1987; Acts 1991, 72nd Leg., ch. 168, § 1, eff.
Sept. 1, 1991. Redesignated from V.T.C.A., Penal Code § 46.02, 46.03 and amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, § 1.01, eff.
Sept. 1, 1994. Amended by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 229, § 2, eff. Sept. 1, 1995; Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 318, § 16, eff. Sept. 1,
1995; Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 754, § 15, eff. Sept. 1, 1995; Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 790, § 16, eff. Sept. 1, 1995; Acts 1995, 74th
Leg., ch. 998, § 3, eff. Sept. 1, 1995; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 165, § 10.02, eff. Sept. 1, 1997; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 1221, § 1,
eff. June 20, 1997; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 1261, § 24, eff. Sept. 1, 1997.

§ 46.03. PLACES WEAPONS PROHIBITED. (a) A person commits an offense if the person intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly
possesses or goes with a firearm, illegal knife, club, or prohibited weapon listed in Section 46.05(a):
(1) on the physical premises of a school or educational institution, any grounds or building on which an activity sponsored by a school
or educational institution is being conducted, or a passenger transportation vehicle of a school or educational institution, whether the
school or educational institution is public or private, unless pursuant to written regulations or written authorization of the institution;
(2) on the premises of a polling place on the day of an election or while early voting is in progress;
(3) on the premises of any government court or offices utilized by the court, unless pursuant to written regulations or written
authorization of the court;(4) on the premises of a racetrack;(5) in or into a secured area of an airport; or (6) within 1,000 feet of
premises the location of which is designated by the Texas Department of Criminal Justice as a place of execution under Article 43.19,
Code of Criminal Procedure, on a day that a sentence of death is set to be imposed on the designated premises and the person
received notice that: (A) going within 1,000 feet of the premises with a weapon listed under this subsection was prohibited; or
(B) possessing a weapon listed under this subsection within 1,000 feet of the premises was prohibited. (b) It is a defense to
prosecution under Subsections (a)(1)-(4) that the actor possessed a firearm while in the actual discharge of his official duties as a
member of the armed forces or national guard or a guard employed by a penal institution, or an officer of the court.
(c) In this section: (1) "Premises" has the meaning assigned by Section 46.035.
(2) "Secured area" means an area of an airport terminal building to which access is controlled by the inspection of persons and
property under federal law.(d) It is a defense to prosecution under Subsection (a)(5) that the actor possessed a firearm or club while
traveling to or from the actor's place of assignment or in the actual discharge of duties as:(1) a member of the armed forces or national
guard; (2) a guard employed by a penal institution; or (3) a security officer commissioned by the Texas Board of Private Investigators
and Private Security Agencies if: (A) the actor is wearing a distinctive uniform; and (B) the firearm or club is in plain view; or
(4) Deleted by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 318, § 17, eff. Sept. 1, 1995. (5) a security officer who holds a personal protection
authorization under the Private Investigators and Private Security Agencies Act (Article 4413(29bb), Vernon's Texas Civil Statutes).
(e) It is a defense to prosecution under Subsection (a)(5) that the actor checked all firearms as baggage in accordance with federal or
state law or regulations before entering a secured area.(f) It is not a defense to prosecution under this section that the actor
possessed a handgun and was licensed to carry a concealed handgun under Subchapter H, Chapter 411, Government Code.
(g) An offense under this section is a third degree felony.
(h) It is a defense to prosecution under Subsection (a)(4) that the actor possessed a firearm or club while traveling to or from the
actor's place of assignment or in the actual discharge of duties as a security officer commissioned by the Texas Board of Private
Investigators and Private Security Agencies, if:(1) the actor is wearing a distinctive uniform; and (2) the firearm or club is in plain
view..(i) It is an exception to the application of Subsection (a)(6) that the actor possessed a firearm or club: (1) while in a vehicle being
driven on a public road; or (2) at the actor's residence or place of employment. Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, § 1, eff. Jan. 1,
1974. Amended by Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 2962, ch. 508, § 1, eff. Aug. 29, 1983; Acts 1989, 71st Leg., ch. 749, § 2, eff. Sept. 1,
1989; Acts 1991, 72nd Leg., ch. 203, § 2.79; Acts 1991, 72nd Leg., ch. 386, § 71, eff. Aug. 26, 1991; Acts 1991, 72nd Leg., ch. 433, §
1, eff. Sept. 1, 1991; Acts 1991, 72nd Leg., ch. 554, § 50, eff. Sept. 1, 1991. Renumbered from V.T.C.A., Penal Code § 46.04 and
amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, § 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994. Amended by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 229, § 3,
eff. Sept. 1, 1995; Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 260, § 42, eff. May 30, 1995; Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 318, § 17, eff. Sept. 1, 1995; Acts
1995, 74th Leg., ch. 790, § 17, eff. Sept. 1, 1995; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 165, § 10.03, 31.01(70), eff. Sept. 1, 1997; Acts 1997, 75th
Leg., ch. 1043, § 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1997; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 1221, § 2, 3, eff. June 20, 1997; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 1261, § 25,
eff. Sept. 1, 1997; Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 1060, § 1, 2 eff. Sept. 1, 2001; Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 1178, § 3, eff. Sept. 1, 2003.
§ 46.035. UNLAWFUL CARRYING OF HANDGUN BY LICENSE HOLDER.
(a) A license holder commits an offense if the license holder carries a handgun on or about the license holder's person under the
authority of Subchapter H, Chapter 411, Government Code, and intentionally fails to conceal the handgun.
(b) A license holder commits an offense if the license holder intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly carries a handgun under the
authority of Subchapter H, Chapter 411, Government Code, regardless of whether the handgun is concealed, on or about the license
holder's person:(1) on the premises of a business that has a permit or license issued under Chapter 25, 28, 32, 69, or 74, Alcoholic
Beverage Code, if the business derives 51 percent or more of its income from the sale or service of alcoholic beverages for on-
premises consumption, as determined by the Texas Alcoholic Beverage Commission under Section 104.06, Alcoholic Beverage Code;
(2) on the premises where a high school, collegiate, or professional sporting event or interscholastic event is taking place, unless the
license holder is a participant in the event and a handgun is used in the event;(3) on the premises of a correctional facility;
(4) on the premises of a hospital licensed under Chapter 241, Health and Safety Code, or on the premises of a nursing home licensed
under Chapter 242, Health and Safety Code, unless the license holder has written authorization of the hospital or nursing home
administration, as appropriate;(5) in an amusement park; or (6) on the premises of a church, synagogue, or other established place
of religious worship. (c) A license holder commits an offense if the license holder intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly carries a
handgun under the authority of Subchapter H, Chapter 411, Government Code, regardless of whether the handgun is concealed, at any
meeting of a governmental entity. (d) A license holder commits an offense if, while intoxicated, the license holder carries a handgun
under the authority of Subchapter H, Chapter 411, Government Code, regardless of whether the handgun is concealed.
(e) A license holder who is licensed as a security officer under Chapter 1702, Occupations Code, and employed as a security officer
commits an offense if, while in the course and scope of the security officer's employment, the security officer violates a provision of
Subchapter H, Chapter 411, Government Code.
(f) In this section:(1) "Amusement park" means a permanent indoor or outdoor facility or park where amusement rides are available for
use by the public that is located in a county with a population of more than one million, encompasses at least 75 acres in surface area,
is enclosed with access only through controlled entries, is open for operation more than 120 days in each calendar year, and has
security guards on the premises at all times. The term does not include any public or private driveway, street, sidewalk or walkway,
parking lot, parking garage, or other parking area. (2) "License holder" means a person licensed to carry a handgun under Subchapter
H, Chapter 411, Government Code.(3) "Premises" means a building or a portion of a building. The term does not include any public or
private driveway, street, sidewalk or walkway, parking lot, parking garage, or other parking area.
(g) An offense under Subsection (a), (b), (c), (d), or (e) is a Class A misdemeanor, unless the offense is committed under Subsection
(b)(1) or (b)(3), in which event the offense is a felony of the third degree.(h) It is a defense to prosecution under Subsection (a) that the
actor, at the time of the commission of the offense, displayed the handgun under circumstances in which the actor
would have been justified in the use of deadly force under Chapter 9.(i) Subsections (b)(4), (b)(5), (b)(6), and (c) do not apply if the
actor was not given effective notice under Section 30.06.
(j) Subsections (a) and (b)(1) do not apply to a historical reenactment performed in compliance with the rules of the Texas Alcoholic
Beverage Commission.Added by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 229, § 4, eff. Sept. 1, 1995. Amended by Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 165,
10.04, eff. Sept. 1, 1997; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 1261, § 26, 27, eff. Sept. 1, 1997; Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 1420, §
14.833, eff. Sept. 1, 2001; Acts 2005, 79th Leg., ch. 976, § 3, eff. Sept. 1, 2005.

§ 46.04. UNLAWFUL POSSESSION OF FIREARM. (a) A person who has been convicted of a felony commits an offense if he
possesses a firearm:(1) after conviction and before the fifth anniversary of the person's release from confinement following conviction
of the felony or the person's release from supervision under community supervision, parole, or mandatory supervision, whichever date
is later; or (2) after the period described by Subdivision (1), at any location other than the premises at which the person lives.
(b) A person who has been convicted of an offense under Section 22.01, punishable as a Class A misdemeanor and involving a
member of the person's family or household, commits an offense if the person possesses a firearm before the fifth anniversary of the
later of:(1) the date of the person's release from confinement following conviction of the misdemeanor; or(2) the date of the person's
release from community supervision following conviction of the misdemeanor.(c) A person, other than a peace officer, as defined by
Section 1.07, actively engaged in employment as a sworn, full-time paid employee of a state agency or political subdivision, who is
subject to an order issued under Section 6.504 or Chapter 85, Family Code, under Article 17.292 or Chapter 7A, Code of Criminal
Procedure, or by another jurisdiction as provided by Chapter 88, Family Code, commits an offense if the person possesses a firearm
after receiving notice of the order and before expiration of the order.(d) In this section, "family," "household," and "member of a
household" have the meanings assigned by Chapter 71, Family Code.(e) An offense under Subsection (a) is a felony of the third
degree. An offense under Subsection (b) or (c) is a Class A misdemeanor.Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, § 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974.
Renumbered from V.T.C.A., Penal Code § 46.05 and amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, § 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994. Amended
by Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 23, § 2, eff. Sept. 1, 2001; Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 836, § 4, eff. Sept. 1, 2003.

§ 46.05. PROHIBITED WEAPONS. (a) A person commits an offense if he intentionally or knowingly possesses, manufactures,
transports, repairs, or sells:(1) an explosive weapon; (2) a machine gun; (3) a short-barrel firearm; (4) a firearm silencer;
(5) a switchblade knife; (6) knuckles; (7) armor-piercing ammunition; (8) a chemical dispensing device; or (9) a zip gun.
(b) It is a defense to prosecution under this section that the actor's conduct was incidental to the performance of official duty by the
armed forces or national guard, a governmental law enforcement agency, or a correctional facility. (c) It is a defense to prosecution
under this section that the actor's possession was pursuant to registration pursuant to the National Firearms Act, as amended.(d) It is
an affirmative defense to prosecution under this section that the actor's conduct:(1) was incidental to dealing with a switchblade knife,
springblade knife, or short-barrel firearm solely as an antique or curio; or(2) was incidental to dealing with armor-piercing ammunition
solely for the purpose of making the ammunition available to an organization, agency, or institution listed in Subsection (b).(e) An
offense under this section is a felony of the third degree unless it is committed under Subsection (a)(5) or (a)(6), in which event, it is a
Class A misdemeanor.(f) It is a defense to prosecution under this section for the possession of a chemical dispensing device that the
actor is a security officer and has received training on the use of the chemical dispensing device by a training program that is:(1)
provided by the Commission on Law Enforcement Officer Standards and Education; or (2) approved for the purposes described by
this subsection by the Texas Private Security Board of the Department of Public Safety.
(g) In Subsection (f), "security officer" means a commissioned security officer as defined by Section 1702.002, Occupations Code, or a
noncommissioned security officer registered under Section 1702.221, Occupations Code.
Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, § 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1975, 64th Leg., p. 918, ch. 342, § 15, eff. Sept. 1,
1975; Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 2650, ch. 457, § 2, eff. Sept. 1, 1983; Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 4831, ch. 852, § 2, eff. Sept. 1, 1983;
Acts 1987, 70th Leg., ch. 167, § 5.01(a)(47), eff. Sept. 1, 1987; Acts 1991, 72nd Leg., ch. 229, § 2, eff. Sept. 1, 1991; Renumbered
from V.T.C.A., Penal Code § 46.06 and amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, § 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994; Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch.
1071, § 1, eff. Sept. 1, 2003; Acts 2005, 79th Leg., ch. 1035, § 2.01, eff. Sept. 1, 2005; Acts 2005, 79th Leg., ch. 1278, § 7, eff. Sept.
1, 2005.

§ 46.13. MAKING A FIREARM ACCESSIBLE TO A CHILD. (a) In this section: (1) "Child" means a person younger than 17 years of
age. (2) "Readily dischargeable firearm" means a firearm that is loaded with ammunition, whether or not a round is in the chamber.
(3) "Secure" means to take steps that a reasonable person would take to prevent the access to a readily dischargeable firearm by a
child, including but not limited to placing a firearm in a locked container or temporarily rendering the firearm inoperable by a trigger lock
or other means.(b) A person commits an offense if a child gains access to a readily dischargeable firearm and the person with criminal
negligence:(1) failed to secure the firearm; or
(2) left the firearm in a place to which the person knew or should have known the child would gain access.
(c) It is an affirmative defense to prosecution under this section that the child's access to the firearm:
(1) was supervised by a person older than 18 years of age and was for hunting, sporting, or other lawful purposes;
(2) consisted of lawful defense by the child of people or property;
(3) was gained by entering property in violation of this code; or
(4) occurred during a time when the actor was engaged in an agricultural enterprise.
(d) Except as provided by Subsection (e), an offense under this section is a Class C misdemeanor.
(e) An offense under this section is a Class A misdemeanor if the child discharges the firearm and causes death or serious bodily injury
to himself or another person.(f) A peace officer or other person may not arrest the actor before the seventh day after the date on which
the offense is committed if:(1) the actor is a member of the family, as defined by Section 71.003, Family Code, of the child who
discharged the firearm; and(2) the child in discharging the firearm caused the death of or serious injury to the child.
(g) A dealer of firearms shall post in a conspicuous position on the premises where the dealer conducts business a sign that contains
the following warning in block letters not less than one inch in height: "IT IS UNLAWFUL TO STORE, TRANSPORT, OR ABANDON
AN UNSECURED FIREARM IN A PLACE WHERE CHILDREN ARE LIKELY TO BE AND CAN OBTAIN ACCESS TO THE
FIREARM."Added by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 83, § 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1995. Amended by Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 62, § 15.02(g), eff.
Sept. 1, 1999.

By Clint Bodungen
Owner / Chief Instructor of Houston Combat Arts & Street Defense (HCA)
HCA Tactical Ninjutsu Instructor
HCA Military Hand to Hand, Defensive Tactics, CQC / Street Self Defense Instructor
HCA Combat Conditioning Instructor

Page 31
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