Zackary Park

Tuesday 12-4

9/9/14
Room 021

PRE-LAB
SAFETY HAZARDS:
Ether, hexane, and petroleum ether are flammable. Heat with steam
or water-bath. Never heat with flame or hot plate. Organic solvents
are toxic, so must use fume hood.
Methanol, ethanol, acetone, toluene, and ligroin are flammable.
TIPS:
Acetic acid will freeze in ice. Are not crystals
Ligroin will evaporate in boiling water. Add ice to water bath before
heating container containing ligroin.
THEORETICAL YIELD:
< 1.0 g phthalic acid
OUTLINE:
100 mL boiling water
1 g phthalic acid x
= 5.6 mL boiling water
18 g phthalic acid
Part 1 Recrystallization of Pure Phthalic Acid
Put 1.0 g of phthalic acid in 25 or 50 mL Erlenmeyer flask
Put 10 mL of water in graduated cylinder
Add 4 to 5 mL of water and wooden boiling stick to flask
Heat mixture via hot plate
When water boils, add water droplets from graduated cylinder until
solid is completely dissolved
If 10 mL of water is added and solid not dissolved, refill graduated
cylinder and add water at faster rate
Record total volume of water used to dissolve crystals
Take flask of hot plate and removed boiling stick
Allow solution to cool
When flask is room temperature, place in ice bath for 10 minutes

Set up vacuum filtration apparatus using small Buchner funnel and

125 mL side-arm flask
Put disk of filter paper in funnel
Collect crystals via vacuum filtration
Transfer crystals to funnel using spatula, and wash phthalic acid in
funnel with ice cold water
Transfer crystals from funnel to watchglass
Put filter paper on crystals and press firmly
Leave in drawer to dry
Obtain weight of recovered substance next week
TWO DAYS after next lab, turn in results
Pour filtrate in side-arm flask down sink

Zackary Park
Tuesday 12-4

9/9/14
Room 021

Part 2 Solubility Tests

Solutes: Resorcinol, Benezoic Acid
Solvents: Methanol, Ethanol, Acetone, Acetic Acid, Water, Toluene,
Ligroin

Use flow chart to outline steps of procedure

Perform tests while phthalic acid is crystalizing
Caution: methanol, ethanol, acetone, toluene, and ligroin are
flammable
Transfer spatula-tip full of compound (20 to 30 mg) into 10x75 test
tube
Add 10 drops of solvent to test tube
Stir with stirring rod, break lumps
o Record if solid soluble at room temperature
Solid not dissolve, heat test tube in beaker of water via hot plate
o If dissolves at higher temperature, then record: soluble in
hot solvent
If not all dissolve, record: slightly soluble
Add drops of solvent until completely dissolves
Once dissolved, allow solution to cool then put it in ice
Induce crystallization via rubbing walls with stirring rod
Depict nature of crystals (ex. Needles, plates, blocks)
o If soluble not dissolved at high temperature, record:
insoluble in both hot and cold solvent
At room temperature, if solid dissolves in methanol, ethanol,
acetone, acetic acid, add drops of water
If solid precipitates, heat mixture via water bath
Observe if solid re-dissolves
Add drops of solvent or water until solid JUST dissolved and solution
saturated at boiling point
Cool solution at room temperature, then put it in ice
Depict shape of crystals
DO NOT add water to toluene or ligroin
Prepare an outline
Pour mixtures into Laboratory Byproducts jar