Theory

One of the fundamental laws

describing how electrical circuits
behave is Ohms law. According to
Ohms law, there
is a linear
relationship between the voltage drop
across a circuit element and the
current flowing through it. The
resistance R is viewed as a constant
independent of the voltage and the
current. Therefore, the relationship:
expresses Ohms law in equation:

V =IR

(1)

V
I=
R

(2)

V
I

(3)

R=

Where, V is the voltage applied across

the circuit in volts (V), I is the current
flowing through the circuit in units of
amperes (A), and R is the resistance of
the circuit with units of ohms (). The
full implication of the law is that the
ratio of V to I remains constant as the
current and voltage change.

Methodology
The group used the following
materials: panel boards, VOM or

multitester, DC power supply,

bridging plugs, connecting wires,
resistors (100, 150, 220, 330,
470, and 560). This experiment
followed the set up shown in Figure
8.2 with a 1 voltage source.
Figure 8.2: An
ammeter connected
along resistors
The group were asked to
complete the three tables shown in
their laboratory manual. In order to

complete the first table, they used Dc

power supply and turned it on and the
current
on
each
resistor
were
measured through the use of VOM in
ammeter range. By the use of the
Ohms law the group were able to
calculate the resistance and the result
were recorded as the calculated value.
After calculating the resistance, the
group was instructed to increase the
voltage by 1V up t0 5V. After reaching
the
fifth
resistance, the
group
calculated the average resistance
denoted as Raverage . The

Raverage

will

be the experimental value of the

resistance and the group use the
experimental value and compare it to
the standard value

Rstandard =100

and they computed the percentage

error of the resistance.
Figure 8.2 an ammeter
connected along the
resistor

By using the same circuit shown

in figure 8.2 the group were able to
complete the second table but this
time the voltage were set to 10V and
they used the same resistor given in
table 8.2, but they dont use the
resistor that 50 below. With the use
of voltmeter the group were able to
measure the current of the resistor
and recorded the data in table 8.2. By
the use of the formula derived from
Ohms law, the group were able to
determine the voltage (V). After
demining the voltage the group
replaced the resistor with a new value
stated in table 8.2. After getting all the
values of the resistor in different
resistor, the group computed the
average value of the voltage which
they denote as V average . The value in

V average

was

considered

as

the

experimental value of the voltage and

the group were able to compare it with
the

standard

value

V standard =10 V

and get the percent error of the

voltage.

diagram

Figure

8.3:

Circuit

And lastly for the last table, the

group set up the circuit shown in
figure 8.3. They connected the
voltmeter and the ammeter at the
same time and used the resistors
stated in table 8.3. They set the
maximum reading of the ammeter in
25mA and the voltmeter of the power

supply to 0V. They measured the

voltage across the resistor and with
the used of the derived formula for the
current in Ohms law the group were
able to calculate the current. After
getting all the values of the resistor
stated in table 8.3, the group were
able to calculate the average value of
the current which is denoted as the

I average

, in which it will be the value

of the experimental value of the

current and it will be compared to the
standard value of the current and with
the use of the values in experimental
and standard value of the current the
group were able to calculate the
percentage error for the current.