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Laboratory Report 01
Contents
1 Objective
2 Introduction
3 Experiment
4 Audio example
5 Questions
Objective
Analyze the addition of two signals related to phase difference and gain difference.
Introduction
Experiment
Audio example
We realized that the system can cancel the input if an appropriate phase shift
is applied. We tested this result using an audio signal.
At first, we connected an audio signal to the HEADPHONE AMPLIFIER
and heard the sound. We used the LPF in an attempt to cancel the noise, but
it didnt work (the sound heard changed a little bit).
Then we used our cancellation system, and the noise heard was clearly
decreased, but it wasnt canceled completely. This is because the system itself
adds noise to the signal, so the noise cant be canceled perfectly.
Questions
Q1) Refer to the phasor diagram of Figure 3. If the amplitudes of the phasors
V1 and V2 were within 1% of each other, and the angle 1 within 180 , how
would you describe the depth of null ? How would you describe the depth of
null you achieved in the experiment? You must be able to express the result
numerically.
A1: Considering V1 = 1V, V2 = 0.99V, 1 = 0 and 2 = 179 X1 = (1cos0)
x
X2 = (0.99cos179)
x + (0.99sin179)
y
Y = x1 + x2 = (1cos0 + 0.99cos179)
x + (0.99sin179)
y
Y = (1 + -0.989)
x + (0.0173)
y
Y = (0.011)
x + (0.0173)
y
In the experiment, the null was so close to zero that we were unable to evaluate it.
Q2) Why was not the noise nulled at the same time as the 1 kHz test signal?
A2: The noise has many different frequency components. The PHASE SHIFTER
applies a different phase shift to different frequencies, so there isnt going to be
a noise cancellation.
Q3) Describe a method (based on this experiment) which could be used to estimate the harmonic distortion in the output of an oscillator.
A3: We could analyze the spectrum of the system after the cancellation (output of the ADDER), and compare it with the pure signal generated.
Q4) Suppose you have set up the system of Figure 2, and the output has been
successfully minimized. What might happen to this minimum if the frequency