ASIA-PACIFIC TELECOMMUNITY

The APT Wireless Forum Interim Meeting 2006

17 18 February 2006, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

FIXED MOBILE CONVERGENCE

CONCEPTS AND STATUS
by
PT TELEKOMUNIKASI
INDONESIA

Contact:

WISETO AGUNG
R & D Center
PT Telekomunikasi, Indonesia

Tel:
Fax:
Email:

Document No:
AWF-IM2/32
17 February 2006

AWF-IM2/32

Fixed Mobile Convergence

Concept and Status
Wiseto Agung
R&D Centre
PT TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA

Content
z Fixed

Mobile Convergence (FMC)

Concept and Principles
z Steps & Status towards IMS FMC

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FMC: Definitions
ETSI:
z Fixed Mobile Convergence (FMC) is concerned with the provision of network
capabilities which are independent of the access technique.
z This does not imply the physical convergence of networks. It is concerned with the
development of a converged network architecture and supporting standards. This set
of standards may be used to offer fixed, mobile or hybrid services.
z An important feature of fixed mobile convergence is the separation of the subscriptions
and services from individual access points and terminals and to allow users to access
a consistent set of services from any fixed or mobile terminal via any compatible
access point.
z An important extension of this principle is related to internetwork roaming, users should
be able to roam between different networks and to be able to use the same consistent
set of services through those visited networks".
ITU Q.1761
Mechanism by which an IMT-2000 user can have his basic voice as well as other
services through a fixed network as per his subscription options, capability of the
access technology
Working Draft of Rec.FMC-IMS:
Use of wired and wireless access technologies in conjunction with IMS-based [Core ]
Networks.
Sources: Thies, Alcatel; ITU Q.1761; Working Draft of Rec.FMC-IMS:

FMC Reference Points

Source: Working Draft of Rec.FMC-IMS: FMC with a common IMS session control domain

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Q.1761
z

The Recommendation describes requirements for the use of fixed

networks in the role of fixed access networks for IMT-2000
networks.
This convergence of fixed networks and IMT 2000 networks
enables mobile users:
z
z

to roam outside the serving area of their IMT 2000 network and
still have access to the same set of services outside their IMT-2000
network boundaries as they do within those boundaries.

The recommendation also describes the framework for fixed

mobile convergence and the capability requirements for enhanced
fixed terminals that may be utilized to enhance the roaming IMT
2000 users experience.
The Recommendation also details the mobility management
functional requirements in fixed networks in support of roaming
IMT 2000 subscribers

Source: ITU Draft new Recommendation Q.1761

ITU-T : Working Draft of Rec.FMC-IMS: Fixed Mobile

Convergence with a common IMS session control domain
z

Describes principles and requirements for

convergence of fixed and mobile networks (fixedmobile convergence, (FMC))

Describes the general framework for fixed-mobile

convergence and the mobility management functional
requirements

Focussed on future IMS-based Networks

Source: ITU-T STUDY GROUP 13/19 Working Draft of Rec.FMC-IMS:

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FMC Service Solutions

Fixed-mobile convergent (FMC) solutions represent exceptional
defences against FMS. There are in essence three types of FMC
solution:
z FMC bundles, where fixed and mobile services are bundled
together often as flat-rate packages and with a single bill.
Verizon, SBC and BellSouth have launched such services
z FMC network-based solutions, which use intelligent network
platforms to route calls to the fixed or mobile phone as the
customer chooses. One number and a single voicemail are often
features of such applications. TDC's Duet, Cingular's Fast
Forward and Verizon's iobi are examples of such solutions
z FMC phones, which combine cellular and Bluetooth/WLAN
technologies in a handset. The device acts as a normal mobile
phone until the user is within the range of a Bluetooth/WLAN
base station when the calls are routed via them through the fixed
line. BT, Telecom Italia and a number of other operators are
running trials of such handsets at present.

Source: Ovum, 2004

Motivators for FMC

Fixed Operator (with no Mobile assets) Perspective
z Reverse

the loss of voice-service minutes and revenue to mobile providers

(MNVOs)
z Reduce CAPEX and OPEX (harmonised network)
z Offer new value-added Services
z Reduce Churn, attract new customers, market Brand

Fixed Operator (with Mobile assets) Perspective

z Reduce
z Offer

CAPEX and OPEX (harmonised network)

new value-added Services -increase revenue

Mobile Operator Perspective

z Reduce

CAPEX and OPEX (harmonised network)

new value-added Services`
z Improve coverage (indoor /outdoor Wi-Fi)
z Offer

Source: Adrian Scrase (ETSI), Mobile Fixed Convergence Progress with the Joint 3GPP and ETSI TISPAN Initiative, 3G World Congress,
November 2005

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Fixed Mobile Convergence

WIRELESS

PRE-IMS
CTP
UMA
(GAN)

IMS

WIRELINE

Pre IMS FMC: CTP and UMA

z

z
z

Cordless Telephony Profile (CTP) and

Unlicensed Mobile Access (UMA) are, very
loosely, two alternative short-range wireless
standards that enable fixed-mobile
convergence (FMC) solutions.
Most players in the FMC space see UMA as
the long-term future technology.
However, CTP is being deployed by some
manufacturers, and some operators, as an
interim solution, because CTP equipment is
available now and can be attached to existing
networks without any changes.

Source: Ovum, 2004

10

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CTP (Cordless Telephony Profile)

z

CTP is a profile defined within the Bluetooth specification, by the

Bluetooth Special Interest Group, which allows a Bluetooth-enabled
mobile phone to be used as a cordless telephone when it is within
range of a Bluetooth CTP access point. CTP is thus a way of adding
limited mobility - cordlessness - to the fixed network.
CTP acts as an application on the device - which is sometimes a
mobile phone and sometimes a hands-free headset. The simplest
implementations simply use Bluetooth as a local air interface
comparable to DECT. Here, the access point plugs directly into an
analogue telephone line. Bluetooth Class 1 chips that allow
communications over ranges 'up to' 100m are beginning to become
available and to be included in mobile devices. This is still not as
good as DECT range, but CTP has the advantage of being present
in mobile devices and having access to their address books and
presentation capabilities.
Mobile and fixed access are only loosely converged in CTP. The
mobile device retains its GSM number, whereas the CTP access
point uses the number associated with the fixed line to which it is
attached.

Source: Ovum, 2004

11

UMA (Unlicensed Mobile Access)

z

In its earliest implementation, UMA is also a way of using

Bluetooth to provide limited mobility, using a cordless link and an
access point connected to the fixed network.
Although it is superficially similar, UMA is actually very different
from CTP. For a start, while CTP is limited to the Bluetooth air
interface technology, UMA is an 'air interface agnostic'
specification, which can be used in conjunction with Bluetooth,
WiFi or even as yet undefined access technologies.
The specification has been developed by a group of
manufacturers, with limited input from some operators, notably
BT, who intends to use it for its Bluephone deployment. The
group is now taking the specification through the 3GPP GERAN
standards process 1)
The UMA solution has now become a 3GPP standard named
GAN (Generic Access Network) 2)

Source:
1.
Ovum, 2004
2.
IDC White Paper, Fixed-mobile Convergence: Unifying The Communications Experience, November 2005

12

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Unlicensed Mobile Access

Consortium (UMAC)
z

Scope of UMA consortium:

z

Provide an industry standard specification for Unlicensed Mobile

Access
z
z

z
z

GSM/GPRS services over Bluetooth and 802.11

IP as the transport bearer

Secure maintenance and publication of the industry standard

Handover of the result to an official standardization body
(presumably 3GPP)
Observe initial implementation and IOT test parts

Functional requirements (Stage1), Architecture (Stage2)

and Signaling (Stage3) ready and published:
www.umatechnology.org
13

Strategic significance
z
z
z

Despite the similarities, CTP and UMA have quite different strategic
implications
CTP is a technology for avoiding the mobile network, and for
providing a limited amount of mobility on the fixed network
UMA is a technology for extending the mobile network into the
building. Although it uses a part of the fixed network in its access
method, the call and the subscriber remain under the control of the
mobile network
It is open to fixed operators to deploy a UMA-based network
(provided that their regulator and their licence conditions allow), but
they can only do so if they have equipped themselves with a mobile
core network - and indeed with the operator-owned radio access
network elements
For fixed operators, deploying UMA is not only a response to mobile
operators' strategies, and to increasing fixed-mobile substitution. It is
also intended to be a weapon in the fight back against cable
operators' inroads into the fixed market, with the mobility aspect
allowing conventional telephone operators to offer a different kind of
'triple play' package

Source: Ovum, 2004

14

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Pre-IMS Solution: Mobile/WLAN

Convergence
z
z
z
z
z
z
z
z

WLAN/GPRS Handover claimed by Nokia

WLAN/GSM VoIP terminal announced by Motorola
NTT DoCoMo: FOMA WiFi 1)
BT Fusion: GSM WiFi 1)
France Telecom Business Anywhere: GPRS-WiFi 1)
O2 Germany surf@home: UMTS-WiFi 1)
Korean KT & KTF OnePhone: CDMA Bluetooth 2)
Dual Phone, by Deutche Telekoms T-Com, to start in
mid 2006 3)
Sources:
1. Gianluca Zaffiro (Telecom Italia), Convergent Data and Voice Solutions - Data and Voice Solutions Evolution towards an integrated
IP Architecture Evolution towards an integrated IP Architecture, 3G World Congress, November 2005
2. Dr. Hoon HAN Dr. Hoon HAN (KTF), Vision for Korea for Koreas wireless/ICT Industry s wireless/ICT Industry - New opportunities
and directions New opportunities and directions,3G World Congress, November 2005
3. International Herald Tribune, 5 September 2005

15

Solution Components

WLAN

IP Network
Bluetooth

UMA profile in
handset enabling
roaming into
unlicensed access
network

UMA enabled,
plug and play
access points.
Supporting
Bluetooth and
WLAN.

Source: Landgren & Neuert, Ericsson Solution Presentation, September 22nd 2004

Standard BSC with

minor adjustments to
cater for capacity
increase in cell
handling

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The network perspective

HLR

PLMN service area

MSC service areas

MSC
BSC

LA1

SGSN

VLR

BSC

MSC

BSC

LA2

VLR
HBSC

LA3

Location areas (LA)

Cells
RBS/BTS

HBS

Source: Landgren & Neuert, Ericsson Solution Presentation, September 22nd 2004

17

1x EvDO Operators Wireless/Wireline

Convergence

Source: Randy Battat (Airvana, Inc.), 1xEV-DO + VoIP = CDMA Operator Advantage, 3G World Congress, November 2005

18

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IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS)

IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) is a SIP based standardized
architecture for offering multimedia services on the packet
domain
Originally defined by mobile (3GPP/3GPP2)
(3GPP/3GPP2) standards
IMS is defined by 3GPP from Release 5 onwards (2002) *)
3GPP2 equivalent of IMS is the MMD (MultiMedia
(MultiMedia Domain), fully
interoperable with 3GPP IMS *)

Essentially access independent / access agnostic (service

transparency)
Supports broad, mobile packet data

Interoperability of new converged services between subscribers

Interworking with PSTN and legacy service
*)

Source: Adrian Scrase (ETSI), ETSI Technical and Economic Drivers for Convergence, ITU-T Workshop on Mobile
Telecommunications and Fixed/Mobile Convergence the realities going forward Sept 2005

19

IMS Network Reference Architecture

Source: Lucent

20

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IMS Adoption Phases

2005-2007

2006-2009

2010+

Market
State

The bandwagon rolls

Emerging; first-mover
advantage being sought

IMS becomes Real

Early; some benefits are
demonstrated

Towards the 4G Vision

Stable; full IMS benefits
being realisable

What ?

Some initial mobile

deployment, but services
limited in subscriber
reach. Likely initial focus
in business customers.

Operator interworking and

significant IMS-capable
service deployments.
Broader range of
agreements spanning
fixed and mobile.

Broad interconnection
and availability of IMS
services across all fixed
and mobile networks for
voice and data. VoIP over
mobile brings all services
into IP domain.

Why ?

Limited handset
availability. Initial
technology supplier
direction and
partnerships are
enterprise-focused.
Simplest IMS services
are more of value to
businesses.

Billing, customer care and

user information issues
start to be dealt with
consistently. Solution
maturity brings
mainstream market online.

Mobile VoIP QoS issues

dealt with. Now two distict
horizontal propositions
in both fixed and mobile:
one based on services,
the other on access.

21

Source: Ovum

IMS Fixed - Mobile Convergence

z

3GPP (GSM development) has been worked

together with ETSI TISPAN (fixed network dan
NGN):
z

z
z
z

To coordinate the IMS specifications evolutions to

support various Wireless and Wireline access
technologies
TISPAN will utilize IMS for Presence, Messaging,
Group management and Conferencing Services
WLAN/3GPP interworking has been adopted for
true access independence in NGN
Other issues: SIM card for NGN authentication,
NAT & firewall implication, codec, QoS, service
capability, SIP profile

Source:
1.
P.Reid, Towards Mobile-Fixed Convergence, ETSI, 3G Congress, 17 Nov 2004
2.
Adrian Scrase (ETSI), ETSI Progress in developing Progress in developing Fixed/Mobile Standards, ITU-T Workshop on Mobile
Telecommunications and Fixed/Mobile Convergence the realities going forward Sept 2005

22

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IMS & Personalized IP Services

z
z
z
z
z

IMS is a crucial move forward in convergence

A necessary architecture to address the new IP emersion
However, this only addresses the first pillar IP services
The second pillar, personalization, requires another step forward
in IMS
For true personalization we need to embed intelligence into the
network
z
z
z
z
z
z

Track a subscribers location and choice of device

Maintain personal profiles and service preferences
Rules engine to behave according to individual users preferences
(exhibited and implied)
Deliver Network roaming portability of services, information and
messages
Context and location-aware services
Seamless blending multiples services into a single personalized
multimedia experience

Source: Jeong Kim (Bell Labs Lucent Technologies), Next Generation Mobility - Architecture and Applications, 3G World Congress, November 2005

23

FMC Alliance (www.thefmca.com)

Founded in July 2004 by FNOs and MNOs (24 members @
September 2005):
Objectives:
Pushing forward fixed-mobile convergence into Telco market, with
sharing technical solution pruning criteria and trial results
Advising and influencing Device and Infrastructure Providers
Define technical requirements for Devices and Access Points
Accelerate standardization

Workstreams:
Products Requirements Definitions, Handset Requirements, Customer
Experience, Standard Development Organisations, Market Research &
Value Propositions, Emerging Applications in Convergence

Documents @ Sept 2005:

Release 1.0 FMC Products Requirements (Bluetooth CTP , Wi-Fi GAN
(UMA) , Wi-Fi SIP), August 2005
FMC Market Opportunity Survey, expected 4Q2005

Source: Gianluca Zaffiro (Telecom Italia), Convergent Data and Voice Solutions - Data and Voice Solutions Evolution towards an
integrated IP Architecture Evolution towards an integrated IP Architecture, 3G World Congress, November 2005

24

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IMS Trials & Deployment

z

Trials:
z
z

Early deployment examples 2) :

z
z
z

BT Group plc have largely announced their 21st Century Network, based upon
IMS and SIP infrastructure
Telecom Italia Mobile SpA have launched a video-sharing service over its 2.5G
and 3G networks
In the U.S., BellSouth Corp. is deploying SIP-based infrastructure

SIP interoperability trials 2) :

z

by Jan 2005 around 30 operators have conducted IMS trials 1)

by Jan 2006 around 200 operators are already in trials or in the early stages of
IMS deployment 2)

GSMA has organized trials using infrastructure based on the IMS standard, handsets
provided by Nokia using test applications such as voice instant messaging, video sharing
and gaming, employing both 2G and 3G access networks.
Trials involved six mobile operators (KPN, Orange, SFR, Telenor, TeliaSonera and
Vodafone), four GRX carriers (Belgacom, Cable & Wireless, KPN and TeliaSonera), and
three infrastructure vendors (Ericsson, Nokia and Siemens).

E.g.: IMS trial by Orange 3):

z
z
z

Cost reduction
Single number for various access
Improve coverage
Traffic billing for celluler and WLAN

z
Sources:
1. Ovum, 2005
2. Adrian Scrase (ETSI), ETSI Technical and Economic Drivers for Convergence, ITU-T Workshop on Mobile Telecommunications and
Fixed/Mobile Convergence the realities going forward Sept 2005
3. V. Talaouit, IMS Operator Experience, Orange, 3G Congress, Tuesday 16 November 2004

25

Regulatory issues raised by FMC

z

Spectrum access to licensed and unlicensed

spectrum, deregulation of existing allocations and
spectrum trading

Numbers geographic numbers for non geographic

services, converged voice services numbers, ENUM
and mapping telephone service to Internet services

Number portability intermodal portability between

fixed and mobile networks

Interconnection mobile party pays (MPP), calling

party pays (CPP), symmetry of charging and cost base

Source: Peter Falshaw (Analysys Consulting), Fixed-Mobile Convergence Business and Regulatory Issues, 3G World Congress, November 2005

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Summary
z We

are in the path of true Fixed Mobile

Convergence
z The short term mobile solution to FMC
will be replaced by IMS based services
in the longer term

27

Thank you for your time

28

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