611 Welding of pressure containing piping and equipment

1. Scope
2. Reference documents
3. Welding qualifications
3.1 Welding Procedures Specifications (WPS
3.2 Welders and welding operators
3.3 Welding production tests

4. Welding consumables
4.1 Filler materials and fluxes
4.2 Backing rings and consumables inserts

5. Joint preparation, spacing and alignment

5.1 Edge preparation
5.2 Cleaning
5.3 Tack welds.......................................................................................................................12
5.4 Temporary welds .............................................................................................................12

6. Production welding...............................................................................................12
6.1 General requirements ......................................................................................................12
6.2 Welding processes ..........................................................................................................13
6.3 Welding technique ...........................................................................................................13
6.4 Weld contour and finish ...................................................................................................15
6.5 Additional requirements for corrosion resistant overlays .................................................15

7. Preheating..............................................................................................................16
8. Postweld heat treatment.......................................................................................17
9. Inspection and examination .................................................................................18
10. Rejection and repair..............................................................................................21
11. Welder identification .............................................................................................22
12. Records of inspection...........................................................................................23

GS EP PVV 612
Piping and Equipment subject to severe sour service Metallurgical
1. Scope .......................................................................................................................4
2. Reference documents.............................................................................................4
3. General.....................................................................................................................6
3.1 Use of Stainless steel ........................................................................................................6
3.2 Metallic overlay ..................................................................................................................6

4. Pressure vessels and heat exchangers ................................................................6

4.1 Carbon steel plates (including plates for heads)................................................................6
4.2 Fittings and flanges............................................................................................................9
4.3 Other construction materials..............................................................................................9

5. Piping materials ......................................................................................................9

5.1 Pipes..................................................................................................................................9
5.2 Forgings...........................................................................................................................10
5.3 Castings...........................................................................................................................11
5.4 Bolting..............................................................................................................................11
5.5 Bellows ............................................................................................................................12
5.6 Springs and spring lock washers .....................................................................................12

5.7 Metallic coating and surface treatment ............................................................................12

5.8 Material certificates and material traceability...................................................................13

6. Qualification tests .................................................................................................13

6.1 Welding procedures qualification tests ............................................................................13
6.2 Fabrication Tests .............................................................................................................14

7. Fabrication.............................................................................................................14
7.1 General ............................................................................................................................14
7.2 Welding............................................................................................................................15
7.3 Filler materials .................................................................................................................15
7.4 Post Weld Heat Treatment (PWHT) ................................................................................16
7.5 Sour service with alkalis/amines......................................................................................16

8. Identification, stamping, marking ........................................................................16

8.1 H2S Marking.....................................................................................................................16
8.2 Hard stamps ....................................................................................................................17

9. Inspection ..............................................................................................................17
9.1 General ............................................................................................................................17
9.2 Hardness checking ..........................................................................................................17
9.3 Hardness checking on small items ..................................................................................17
9.4 Hardness checking on welds ...........................................................................................17
9.5 Corrosion resistant alloy ..................................................................................................17

GS EP PVV 613
Valves materials requirements for use in sour service
1. Scope .......................................................................................................................3
2. Reference documents.............................................................................................3
3. Materials...................................................................................................................4
3.1 Plain carbon steels ............................................................................................................4
3.2 Alloy steels.........................................................................................................................4
3.3 Stainless steels..................................................................................................................4
3.4 Precipitation hardened steels ............................................................................................4
3.5 Special materials ...............................................................................................................4
3.6 Plating................................................................................................................................5
3.7 Copper base alloys ............................................................................................................5
3.8 Natural, synthetic, plastic and/or fabric materials ..............................................................5

4. Valve parts ...............................................................................................................5

4.1 Flanges..............................................................................................................................6
4.2 Gates, discs, ball, plugs, clappers and seats.....................................................................6
4.3 Springs...............................................................................................................................6
4.4 Glands and bushings.........................................................................................................6
4.5 Bonnet Seal Rings .............................................................................................................6
4.6 Bearings.............................................................................................................................6
4.7 Bolting materials ................................................................................................................6
4.8 Miscellaneous items ..........................................................................................................6

5. Welding ....................................................................................................................6
6. Hardness..................................................................................................................7

GS EP PVV 614
Welding of duplex and superduplex stainless steel
1. Scope .......................................................................................................................4
2. Reference documents.............................................................................................4
3. General qualification fabrication and welding requirements ..............................6
3.1 General ..............................................................................................................................6
3.2 Backing gas protection ......................................................................................................7

4. Welding documents ................................................................................................8

4.1 General ..............................................................................................................................8
4.2 Welding Book.....................................................................................................................8
4.3 Welding Procedure Specifications (WPS) .........................................................................8
4.4 Welding Procedure Qualification Record (WPQR) ............................................................8

5. Welder performance qualification........................................................................11

5.1 General ............................................................................................................................11
5.2 Welder identification stamp..............................................................................................11

6. Welding electrodes and consumables ................................................................11

6.1 General ............................................................................................................................11
6.2 Consumables storage......................................................................................................12

7. Welding ..................................................................................................................12
7.1 General ............................................................................................................................12
7.2 Welding process ..............................................................................................................13
7.3 Production welding test....................................................................................................13

8. Preheat ...................................................................................................................13
9. Interpass temperature...........................................................................................13
10. Heat input...............................................................................................................14
11. Weld monitoring....................................................................................................14
12. Post Weld Heat Treatment (PWHT) ......................................................................14
13. Non-Destructive Examination (NDE) ...................................................................15
13.1 General ............................................................................................................................15
13.2 Ultrasonic Testing (UT) when RT is impracticable...........................................................15
13.3 Radiographic Testing (RT)...............................................................................................15
13.4 Acceptance criteria for UT and RT examinations ............................................................16
13.5 Dye Penetrant examination (DP) .....................................................................................17
13.6 Ferrite measurement .......................................................................................................17

14. Repair welding procedure ....................................................................................17

15. Pickling and passivation ......................................................................................18
16. Testing ...................................................................................................................18
17. Final documentation .............................................................................................18
Appendix 1 Requested documentation.................................................................................24
Appendix 2 Reception Workshop Certificate ........................................................................25
Appendix 3 Monitoring Check List ........................................................................................27

GS EP PVV 615
Welding of UNS 31254 alloy
1. Scope .......................................................................................................................3
2. Reference documents.............................................................................................3
3. Welding processes..................................................................................................4
3.1 Materials subject to a post-weld annealing heat treatment (at 1150-1200C) ................... 4
3.2 Materials to be left in the as-welded condition...................................................................4

4. Filler material...........................................................................................................4
5. Preheating and interpass temperature..................................................................5
6. Heat treatment .........................................................................................................5
7. Welding technique ..................................................................................................5

GS EP PVV 616
Welding of titanium pipe and fittings
1. Scope .......................................................................................................................3
2. Reference documents.............................................................................................3
3. General characteristics of titanium that dictate prescribed welding
techniques ...............................................................................................................4
4. Process ....................................................................................................................4
5. Welding equipment .................................................................................................4
6. Welding materials....................................................................................................4
7. Preparation of base material and weld surfaces ..................................................5
8. Welding procedure..................................................................................................5
9. Mechanical testing ..................................................................................................6
10. Welder qualification ................................................................................................6
11. Welding ....................................................................................................................6
12. Cleaning and removal of defects ...........................................................................6
13. Repair welding.........................................................................................................7
14. Non-destructive examination .................................................................................7

GS EP PVV 617
Welding of 3 1/2 % nickel Steel
1. Scope .......................................................................................................................3
2. Reference documents.............................................................................................3
3. Welding procedures................................................................................................4
3.1 Welding processes ............................................................................................................4
3.2 Filler materials ...................................................................................................................4
3.3 Welding energy..................................................................................................................5
3.4 Preheat ..............................................................................................................................5

3.5 Post Weld Heat Treatment ................................................................................................5

3.6 Bead technique..................................................................................................................5
3.7 Arc length...........................................................................................................................6
3.8 Essential variables.............................................................................................................6

4. Qualification tests ...................................................................................................6

4.1 General..............................................................................................................................6
4.2 Welding parameters measurement....................................................................................7
4.3 Materials for the tests ........................................................................................................7
4.4 Impact tests .......................................................................................................................7

5. Production tests......................................................................................................8
5.1 Pressure vessels and heat exchangers.............................................................................8
5.2 Piping.................................................................................................................................8

6. Fabrication...............................................................................................................8
6.1 General..............................................................................................................................8
6.2 Welding parameters...........................................................................................................8

7. Inspection and repair..............................................................................................8

GS EP PVV 619
Piping or pressure vessel components in duplex and
superduplex stainless Steel
1. Scope .......................................................................................................................5
2. Reference documents.............................................................................................5
3. General.....................................................................................................................7
3.1 Quality Assurance/Quality Control.....................................................................................7

4. Inspection by the COMPANY .................................................................................8

5. General requirements .............................................................................................8
6. Testing .....................................................................................................................9
6.1 Lot definition ......................................................................................................................9
6.2 Sampling............................................................................................................................9
6.3 Chemical composition......................................................................................................10
6.4 Mechanical properties......................................................................................................10
6.5 Metallurgical properties....................................................................................................11
6.6 Failure of tests - retests ...................................................................................................12
6.7 Specific requirements for welded components ................................................................13

7. Fabrication.............................................................................................................13
7.1 General ............................................................................................................................13
7.2 Material ............................................................................................................................13
7.3 Forming............................................................................................................................13
7.4 Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP).............................................................................................14
7.5 Welding............................................................................................................................14
7.6 Heat treatment .................................................................................................................14

8. NDE of components..............................................................................................14
8.1 Visual examination...........................................................................................................15
8.2 Ultrasonic testing .............................................................................................................15
8.3 Dye Penetrant Examination.............................................................................................16
8.4 Non Destructive Examination (NDE) on longitudinal weld...............................................17

9. Repair by welding..................................................................................................18
9.1 Pipes................................................................................................................................18

GS EP PVV 620
Specification for fabrication and welding of piping
systems in cupronickel and associated materials
1. Scope .......................................................................................................................4
2. Reference documents.............................................................................................4
3. Extent of fabrication................................................................................................5
4. Fabrication...............................................................................................................6
4.1 Cutting ...............................................................................................................................6
4.2 Cold Bending .....................................................................................................................6
4.3 Hot bending .......................................................................................................................6
4.4 Use of threads ...................................................................................................................6
4.5 Cleanliness ........................................................................................................................6

5. Joining by welding..................................................................................................6
5.1 General ..............................................................................................................................6
5.2 Protection of welding area .................................................................................................7
5.3 Welding process ................................................................................................................7
5.4 Welding equipment ............................................................................................................7
5.5 Welding procedures and welders qualification ..................................................................7
5.6 Consumables.....................................................................................................................8
5.7 Preparation for welding......................................................................................................8
5.8 Welding procedure.............................................................................................................9

6. Cladding by cupronickel.........................................................................................9
7. Joining by brazing...................................................................................................9
7.1 General ..............................................................................................................................9
7.2 Brazing procedure variables ............................................................................................10
7.3 Qualifications and testing.................................................................................................10

8. Heat treatment .......................................................................................................10

9. Weld repairs...........................................................................................................11
10. Inspection and testing ..........................................................................................11
10.1 Inspection and non-destructive testing ............................................................................11
10.2 Hydrostatic testing ...........................................................................................................11

11. Transportation and assembly ..............................................................................12

11.1 Preparation for shipping...................................................................................................12
11.2 Identification.....................................................................................................................12
11.3 Storage and handling.......................................................................................................12
11.4 Assembly and erection ....................................................................................................12

12. Certification and records......................................................................................13

GS EP PVV 621
Piping components in material 21/4 Cr-1% Mo
1. Scope .......................................................................................................................4
2. Reference documents.............................................................................................4
3. Abbreviations ..........................................................................................................6
4. Base material requirements ...................................................................................7
4.1 Melting process..................................................................................................................7
4.2 Chemical analyses.............................................................................................................7
4.3 Manufacture.......................................................................................................................8
4.4 Forging...............................................................................................................................9
4.5 Machining ..........................................................................................................................9
4.6 Delivery Condition - Heat Treatment .................................................................................9
4.7 Mechanical properties......................................................................................................10
4.8 Qualification Testing ........................................................................................................11
4.9 Sampling..........................................................................................................................11
4.10 Testing Of Representative As-Delivered Part Samples...................................................12
4.11 Inspection and examination .............................................................................................16
4.12 Repair ..............................................................................................................................17
4.13 Documentation.................................................................................................................18
4.14 Marking............................................................................................................................19
4.15 Certification......................................................................................................................19
4.16 Preservation, storage, handling and shipping..................................................................19

5. Welding Requirements .........................................................................................20

5.1 General ............................................................................................................................20
5.2 Welding Consumables.....................................................................................................20
5.3 General Welding Requirements.......................................................................................22
5.4 Preheat and Heat Treatments During Welding................................................................25
5.5 Production Tests (DT & NDT)..........................................................................................26
5.6 Repairs ............................................................................................................................29
5.7 Final documentation ........................................................................................................30
Appendix 1 Mechanical testing of flanges ............................................................................31

GS EP PVV 622
Piping and Equipment subject to intermediate sour service
Metallurgical
1. Scope .......................................................................................................................4
2. Reference documents.............................................................................................4
3. General.....................................................................................................................6
3.1 Use of Stainless steel ........................................................................................................6
3.2 Metallic overlay ..................................................................................................................6

4. Pressure vessels and heat exchangers ................................................................6

4.1 Carbon steel plates (including plates for heads)................................................................6
4.2 Fittings and flanges............................................................................................................8
4.3 Other construction materials..............................................................................................8

5. Piping materials ......................................................................................................8

5.1 Pipes..................................................................................................................................8
5.2 Forgings.............................................................................................................................9

5.3 Castings...........................................................................................................................10
5.4 Bolting..............................................................................................................................10
5.5 Bellows ............................................................................................................................11
5.6 Springs and spring lock washers .....................................................................................11
5.7 Metallic coating and surface treatment ............................................................................11
5.8 Material certificates and material traceability...................................................................12

6. Qualification tests .................................................................................................12

6.1 Welding procedures qualification tests ............................................................................12
6.2 Fabrication tests ..............................................................................................................13

7. Fabrication.............................................................................................................13
7.1 General ............................................................................................................................13
7.2 Welding............................................................................................................................13
7.3 Filler materials .................................................................................................................14
7.4 Post Weld Heat Treatment (PWHT) ................................................................................15
7.5 Sour service with alkalis/amines......................................................................................15

8. Identification, stamping, marking ........................................................................15

8.1 H2S Marking.....................................................................................................................15