Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
Constitutional Framework
for the
Government
of the
United States
with the
Ratification
Ratification
Ratification
Cover Image
The cover image combines both the external and internal inspections and repair
of the Liberty statue, because she is a beacon that represents our freedom and
our rights.
When we, the keepers of Liberty, fail to properly maintain or abandon our beacon
altogether, others move in to use her for treachery promising false hope, so they
The true authors of this work are many. Naming one honors none.
Far too many citizens do not understand their most important rights, let alone the
True Power of those rights. Aside from introducing a new form of government, this
publication provides instruction about understanding those rights as well as our
duty to maintain them.
The Declaration of Independence is the Founding Charter that created the United
States. It promises a new and better government.
Government, when defective, leaves us few options; modify it, if possible; when
necessary, replace it.
It is our Duty, as the governed, to frequently and thoroughly inspect every aspect
of our government for corruption; when found, we must act swiftly to correct it.
With timely repair, this Constitution shall rest secure on our Union's Foundation.
Should we, or our posterity, fail our Duty ― our neglect ― allows corruption to
As the primary author, I sincerely hope you accept this work as your own, telling
forms of government. It is that necessity, the long train of abuses and usurpations
provides better insight regarding the grant of power by the people to their
government.
1776 United States Founding Charter
For ease of reading and for reference: The numbered paragraphs replace many of
the original long dashes. The following text results from comparing copies of the
signed hand-written Declaration, as well as copies of the type-set broad-sheet.
Most of the capitalized letters are in lower-case. The misspelled words are
corrected.
1. “When in the course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people
to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another,
and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal
station to which the laws of nature and of nature's god entitle them, a
decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare
the causes which impel them to the separation.
“We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they
are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these
are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.
“That to secure these rights, governments are instituted among men, deriving
their just powers from the consent of the governed, ― That whenever any form of
government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the right of the people to
alter or to abolish it, and to institute new government, laying its foundation on
such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem
most likely to effect their safety and happiness.
“Prudence, indeed, will dictate that governments long established should not be
changed for light and transient causes; and accordingly all experience hath shown
that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable, than to right
themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed.
“But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same
object evinces a design to reduce them under absolute despotism, it is their right,
it is their duty, to throw off such government, and to provide new guards for their
future security.
“Such has been the patient sufferance of these colonies; and such is now the
necessity which constrains them to alter their former systems of government. The
history of the present King of Great Britain is a history of repeated injuries and
usurpations, all having in direct object the establishment of an absolute tyranny
over these states. To prove this, let facts be submitted to a candid world.
“He has refused his assent to laws, the most wholesome and necessary for the
public good.
“He has forbidden his governors to pass laws of immediate and pressing
importance, unless suspended in their operation till his assent should be obtained;
and when so suspended, he has utterly neglected to attend to them.
“He has refused to pass other laws for the accommodation of large districts of
people, unless those people would relinquish the right of representation in the
legislature, a right inestimable to them and formidable to tyrants only.
“He has called together legislative bodies at places unusual, uncomfortable, and
distant from the depository of their public records, for the sole purpose of
fatiguing them into compliance with his measures.
“He has dissolved representative houses repeatedly, for opposing with manly
firmness his invasions on the rights of the people.
“He has refused for a long time, after such dissolutions, to cause others to be
elected; whereby the legislative powers, incapable of annihilation, have returned
to the people at large for their exercise; the state remaining in the mean time
exposed to all the dangers of invasion from without, and convulsions within.
“He has endeavored to prevent the population of these states; for that purpose
obstructing the laws for naturalization of foreigners; refusing to pass others to
encourage their migrations hither, and raising the conditions of new
appropriations of lands.
“He has obstructed the administration of justice, by refusing his assent to laws for
establishing judiciary powers.
“He has made judges dependent on his will alone, for the tenure of their offices,
and the amount and payment of their salaries.
“He has erected a multitude of new offices, and sent hither swarms of officers to
harass our people, and eat out their substance.
“He has kept among us, in times of peace, standing armies without the consent of
our legislatures.
“He has affected to render the military independent of and superior to the civil
power.
“He has combined with others to subject us to a jurisdiction foreign to our
constitution, and unacknowledged by our laws; giving his assent to their acts of
pretended legislation:
“For quartering large bodies of armed troops among us:
“For protecting them, by a mock trial, from punishment for any murders which
they should commit on the inhabitants of these states:
“For cutting off our trade with all parts of the world:
“For imposing taxes on us without our consent:
“For depriving us in many cases, of the benefits of trial by jury:
“For transporting us beyond seas to be tried for pretended offenses:
“For abolishing the free system of English laws in a neighboring province,
establishing therein an arbitrary government, and enlarging its boundaries so as
to render it at once an example and fit instrument for introducing the same
absolute rule into these colonies:
“For taking away our charters, abolishing our most valuable laws, and altering
fundamentally the forms of our governments:
“For suspending our own legislatures, and declaring themselves invested with
power to legislate for us in all cases whatsoever.
“He has abdicated government here, by declaring us out of his protection and
waging war against us.
“He has plundered our seas, ravaged our coasts, burnt our towns, and destroyed
the lives of our people.
“He is at this time transporting large armies of foreign mercenaries to complete
the works of death, desolation and tyranny, already begun with circumstances of
cruelty & perfidy scarcely paralleled in the most barbarous ages, and totally
unworthy the head of a civilized nation.
“He has constrained our fellow citizens taken captive on the high seas to bear
arms against their country, to become the executioners of their friends and
brethren, or to fall themselves by their hands.
“He has excited domestic insurrections amongst us, and has endeavored to bring
on the inhabitants of our frontiers, the merciless Indian savages, whose known
rule of warfare, is an undistinguished destruction, of all ages, sexes and
conditions.
“In every stage of these oppressions we have petitioned for redress in the most
humble terms: Our repeated petitions have been answered only by repeated
injury. A Prince, whose character is thus marked by every act which may define a
Tyrant, is unfit to be the ruler of a Free People.
“Nor have we been wanting in attentions to our British brethren. We have warned
them from time to time of attempts by their legislature to extend an
unwarrantable jurisdiction over us. We have reminded them of the circumstances
of our emigration and settlement here. We have appealed to their native justice
and magnanimity, and we have conjured them by the ties of our common kindred
to disavow these usurpations, which would inevitably interrupt our connections
and correspondence. They too have been deaf to the voice of justice and of
consanguinity. We must, therefore, acquiesce in the necessity, which denounces
our separation, and hold them, as we hold the rest of mankind, Enemies in War, in
Peace, Friends.
“We, therefore, the Representatives of the united States of America, in General
Congress, assembled, appealing to the supreme judge of the world for the
rectitude of our intentions, do, in the name, and by authority of the good people
of these colonies, solemnly publish and declare, That these United Colonies are,
and of right ought to be Free and Independent States; that they are absolved from
all allegiance to the British Crown, and that all political connection between them
and the State of Great Britain, is and ought to be totally dissolved; and that as
Free and Independent States, they have full power to levy war, conclude peace,
contract alliances, establish commerce, and to do all other acts and things which
Independent States may of right do.
“And for the support of this Declaration, with a firm reliance on the protection of
divine providence, we mutually pledge to each other our lives, our fortunes, and
our sacred honor.”
a. Separated the political powers of the Colonies from those of Great Britain.
2. Is a letter to
b. The world.
c. The people of the then-new United States.
d. The Founders' posterity ― us ― the current generation.
We the Citizens of the United of States, in order to form a more perfect Union,
establish justice, ensure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense,
social responsibility, do mutually pledge to each other our lives, our fortunes, and
our sacred honor, to secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity.
Taking responsibility for our actions and for our government, we do ordain and
The following definitions are for this Constitution. When enacted by the people,
these definitions shall replace those in prior enacted laws as well as all laws
enacted hereafter.
1. Citizen: Any person who legally resides within and maintains permanent
where both the mother and the father were also born.
person is born, shall retain the citizenship of the mother and/or father.
Where conflict occurs, the child shall enjoy the citizenship of the mother.
Citizen, (naturalized): One who applies for citizenship within a Nation-State and
is accepted.
Legislation: Any means by which to regulate the activity, property, or finances of
one person or the people collectively via political power.
People: The population, collectively.
Political Jurisdiction: The respective geographical area the office and level of
government an elected official serves. Otherwise: The city, town, or village
wherein a person maintains their permanent legal residence; these are the
smallest political jurisdictions. Respectively, county, state, and National Union are
progressively larger political jurisdictions.
Public Trust: All enacted legislation appropriate to the jurisdiction the elected
official serves, as well as promises the official made while campaigning for office
that do not conflict with enacted legislation.
Representative: Any person elected by the people into the executive and the
judicial offices in all levels of government. Others who represent the people but
are not elected, include all those whom elected officials appoint, hire, or contract
with to perform work authorized by the people. All are bound by oath, whether
administered or not, to uphold this Constitution in the defense of the People of
this National Union.
Treason: Consists of a person or group levying war against the people of any
political jurisdiction wherein they live, or in adhering to their enemies, giving them
aid and comfort. Betrayal of a public trust shall also constitute treason under this
Constitution. No person shall be convicted of treason unless on the testimony of
two witnesses to the same act, or on long-form confession of the accused before a
jury in an open and public court.
Tyrant, Tyranny: Any one or more of the acts listed in the grievances outlined in
the 1776 United States Founding Charter against King George III of Great-Britain.
Article II. The Foundation
For the times when our government abuses or usurps the authority and power the
people grant to it, the Founding Charter reminds us that it is not only our right, it
is our duty, to alter, to abolish, or to otherwise free ourselves from such
government and to institute a new Rule of Law for our future security and
happiness.
No level or branch of government under this Constitution shall have any power
that was not specifically granted to it by the people subject to its jurisdiction.
As individuals, we are the governed. Collectively, we posses the sovereign power
to control our government.
Our Founders, in keeping with the ideals they established within the Founding
Charter, freed themselves from the tyranny of Great Britain's form of government,
replacing it with The Articles of Confederation.
Our Founders soon realized the Articles tended toward too weak a government
without sufficient powers to bind the Union and provide for its future defense,
they abolished the Articles of Confederation and replaced them with the 1787
Constitution.
The 1787 Constitution created a strong government that united all the states
under the same Supreme Law. The Founders intended the 1787 Constitution to
prevent our government from tyrannizing us, so they altered our 1787
Constitution and added The Bill of Rights.
2. The new government that our Founders and Constitutional Framers created
outlived them. They did not see their ― our ― government evolve into a
tyranny, committing the same political abuses they identified for us, the
very acts of government that many of them risked their lives, fortunes, and
governed.
group of people from violating the rights of another person or group who are
All legislation shall contain a preamble, the purpose that identifies what part of
this Constitution that authorizes the legislation and how the proposed legislation
improves, strengthens, and perfects the political jurisdiction for which the
legislation was written.
Legislation that does not specifically state a penalty for punishing violators or the
manner in which to fund it, that legislation shall be unenforceable and void.
To advance legislation into each progressively-larger political jurisdiction, the
legislation shall be word-for-word identical, including the penalty and manner of
funding.
Proposed legislation shall contain only one clearly defined issue.
3. All proposed legislation shall be worded in such a manner that a YESvote
space and/or time allotments within their respective coverage area, which
must be the same for each candidate running for the same office during the
same election. As well as equal time and/or space for pro and con sides of
legislative proposals.
shall be removed from the ballot and not allowed to continue that election
cycle.
political jurisdiction responsible for the forum shall at least provide ground
transportation for each candidate to and from the closest city hall office that
serves the candidate's official place of residence and the location where the
forums take place.
The jurisdiction sponsoring the debates shall solicit questions from the people
within the jurisdiction the office serves.
The moderator shall organize the questions according to topic, then ask the
question(s) that best solicit information on that topic. During the forums, the
moderator shall allow equal time for each candidate to respond to every question
asked. The candidates shall not be allowed to hear the responses of the other
candidates until after all the questions are asked and answered in this first phase.
Candidates, in the second phase, may challenge and debate other candidates on
specific topics. Each phase shall run until complete, in marathon fashion with a
ten minute break every hour.
All question-and-answer sessions shall be video and audio recorded for
broadcasting over radio, television, and Internet; or other communication systems
the people amended into this Constitution. The recorded audio/video of the
question and answer forums and debates, in their entirety, shall also be
commercially available to the people, for which the proceeds shall help fund the
costs of providing these forums.
Sixty days after phase two, the first elimination vote shall take place. Should this
encourage an unusually large number of candidates, several elimination voting
rounds shall take place. To reduce the field of candidates after each voting round,
the top twenty percent of candidates advance to the next round of question-and-
answer forums, debates, and voting until one candidate acquires two-thirds or
more votes. In this manner, as many as three-hundred candidates become one in
as few as four eliminations.
7. Polling stations: All polling stations within the same political jurisdiction
that spans only one time zone shall open and close at the same time so
they remain open during the same twenty-four hour period. For voting that
includes multiple time zones, all polling stations shall open according to the
hour of the earliest time zone and shall close according to the hour of the
latest time zone so that all polling stations shall remain open the same
twenty-four hours, plus one hour for each additional time zone.
Method of Voting: All candidate elections and all legislative proposals shall be
voted on by the use of hand-marked paper ballots, requiring an ink mark in the
appropriate box.
8. All ballots shall remain in public view from the time the voter places it into a
transparent tumbler, through the time the final vote tally is counted three
times yielding the same totals, certified complete by the official vote
counters, and no less than twenty-four hours after the legal allotted time to
9. To save time in the vote-counting and to ensure enough ballots are in the
tumbler to provide voter privacy; removal of ballots from the tumbler for
vote-counting shall begin no earlier than one hour after the first ballot
enters the tumbler. The ballots shall be drawn from the tumbler in public
the official vote-counters and the public may record the results. This allows
absentee voter shall have their ballot notarized at the time of mailing or
upon delivery to the local town office so their name may be marked as
11.The Tally-Sheet shall include the total number of registered voters; the
during voting day; the total qualified to vote, which is the total registered to
total number of absentee ballots cast; the total number of ballots cast in
person; the total number of ballots cast, which is the total absentee added
to the total in person; the total number of voters who did not cast a ballot,
which is the number of total qualified minus total number ballots cast; the
total number of votes cast in favor of the legislative proposal; the total
number of votes for each candidate whether printed on the ballot or written
number of ballots cast that do not have a mark next to the proposal or next
to any candidate's name for that office; and the number of vote marks that
extend into more than one box, which shall count in the final tally as though
12.For the purpose of tallying all votes, all spaces left blank, as well as every
and published with the final tallies. Official tally-sheets from the voting
next larger political jurisdiction for cumulative tallying, ending in the largest
If the proposed legislation or candidate does not receive the minimum required
votes as set forth in this Constitution, the proposal shall not pass or the candidate
shall not take office.
13.Broadcasting/Publishing Vote Results: The total number and/or the
exit poll or predicted voting results in any form shall be banned until
twenty-four hours after the polls close. Early broadcasting of vote results or
Enacting Legislation: All legislative voting begins in the First House with the
people in the smallest-level political jurisdictions (cities, towns, and villages)
regardless of the level of political jurisdiction the proposed legislation shall
govern; passing in the First House when two-thirds of the people vote YES. The
Second House vote for each city, town, or village shall be YESwhen two-thirds or
more of the people of the First House of that city, town, or village approve the
proposed legislation.
The First House vote for each progressively larger jurisdiction consists of
tabulating the First House votes of the next-smaller level of political jurisdictions.
The Second House vote in each progressively-larger political jurisdiction shall be
YESwhen at least two-thirds of the Second House of next-smaller level of political
jurisdictions within vote YES.
14.The First House tally-sheet and Second House vote shall accompany copies
When the proposed legislation passes in both Houses of the next-larger political
jurisdiction, it shall send the same to all other lower-level jurisdictions that have
not yet passed the legislation, informing them that the legislation now affects
them and the entire larger jurisdiction.
When one-half of the cities, towns, and villages vote on the same legislative
proposal, the county official shall forward a copy of the legislative proposal to the
appropriate state official who adds the totals from the county's First and Second
Houses. When the legislative proposal passes in both House of the state, the state
official sends the same to all other county officials where the legislative has not
yet passed, and the county official in like manner informs the cities, towns, and
villages that the legislation now affects them.
This legislative process continues in like manner into each progressively-larger
political jurisdiction.
If the legislation remains unchanged as it advances into each larger jurisdiction,
the people of the smaller jurisdictions need not vote on the issue with each
advance. However, if it changes, the smaller jurisdictions must vote on the
changes if it has not already passed in both Houses of the larger political
jurisdiction.
15.In order to enact proposed legislation to a specific political jurisdiction, both
Without the required two-thirds majority, the proposal fails and is not
enforceable in the lower-level jurisdictions that passed it; unless the lower
16.This process does not guarantee or require that every citizen will approve
every legislative proposal; fortunately, it promotes the greatest
larger jurisdictions.
This process eliminates the rule of the few over the many; where the majority of
as few as fifteen percent of the total voters who cast a ballot rule all others; or,
where indirect legislative representatives migrate toward refusing to represent
the people while they focus on their personal gain.
17.Electing Officials: A single ballot shall issue with every candidate listed.
registered for the office sought. Ballots shall not contain any political party
18.The People collectively shall directly elect the executive and judicial officers
In addition to receiving more votes than any other candidate for the same office,
the candidate who takes office must also receive more votes than the combined
total of qualified voters who did not cast a ballot for that office and those who left
the space blank. In this manner, the people are not obligated to vote for the lesser
of evils, which is in fact treasonous as it elects the candidate the voter expects
will harm their political jurisdiction the least.
In cases where no candidate receives more votes than the total voters who did
not cast a ballot added to voters who left the space blank, the executive and/or
judicial officer shall order a new election. The new ballot shall list all new
candidates, excluding the previous list of candidates preprinted on the ballot, but
may include names of previous write-in candidates.
The elected officials, within their appropriate branch and political jurisdiction, shall
work together to successfully carry out the duties approved by law, while also
working on the plans and promises they proposed during their campaigns.
Promises that do not conflict with already-enacted legislation shall be approved
by the people for that official to develop plans for with regards to the amount and
manner of funding and implementing promised projects; which, regardless of
form, requires additional legislative approval before implementation.
19.Standard Term Limits shall consist of two, six-year terms, with a person
20.Ideally, the people might promote, via election, their best qualified leaders
from within the smaller political jurisdictions into the larger political
generations removed from another family member who served in the same
seeks. This reduces the ease by which political office and power becomes a
this event.
Grant of Authority: Upon election, executive and judicial officers obtain the
legal authority to act in the name of the people of their respective political
jurisdictions but only so far as the enacted legislation permits. An election does
not automatically grant authority for an official to enforce or otherwise complete
campaign promises that conflict with legislative authority. Without legislative
authority, elected officials risk the likelihood of impeachment and/or prosecution
for treason against the people. The people may grant or revoke any powers via
their legislative authority.
Emergencies: The executive or judicial officers of the affected political
jurisdiction may call an emergency session for situations where existing enacted
legislature does note already grant them the required authority to properly
resolve the emergency situation.
Impeachments and Recalls: The people shall hold the sole power of
impeachment and recall. Petitions that circulate within the affected area shall
state the cause for action as well as the desired remedy and obtain signatures
from at least ten percent of the qualified voters for the purpose of ordering a
special election to remove the named official and/or contract or other acts where
the official unjustly obligated the people.
22.The signed petitions shall be submitted to the executive officer of the next-
submitted to the chief officer of the government branch not named in the
petition. With ten days to verify petition signatures, the emergency ballot
shall issue for that political jurisdiction within thirty days. The impeachment
vote shall hold to the same two-thirds standard required for electing the
candidate.
23.Repeal and Amendments shall not become effective until the required
Other Powers: The people, through their legislative process, shall have the
power, through the National Union, to declare war, approve treaties, approve
trade agreements; and through their appropriate political jurisdictions approve
taxation in both the budgeted amounts and the manner collected, determine the
wages and benefits for elected officials, grant pardons, and all other duties as
legislators of right may do according to the rules of this Constitution.
24.All citizens collectively risk their lives, fortunes, and honor in time of war.
Citizens of the National Union shall be the ones who decide what wars to
25.Benefits: From the people of the cities, towns, and villages upward, more
26.This legislative system employs far fewer people in government offices and
Legislation is written for the people to understand without the need for legal
translators, which reduces court overload.
Legislation slowly advances into larger political jurisdictions, allowing
improvements to occur in the lower levels where it is relatively inexpensive to
implement. When starting at the national level, an otherwise minor glitch might
cost billions of dollars to correct.
The requirement of attaining two-thirds or more of the eligible votes prevents
smaller groups from passing special-interest legislation behind closed doors. It
requires the greatest degree of publicity and voter approval before proposed
legislation or a candidate becomes official.
For national voting, there shall be four days set aside as national holidays. the
first two days in May; the second two days in November. These days shall replace
two other national holidays.
Article IV. The Executive Branch
1. Qualifications for the local, county, and state jurisdictions shall be as the
2. The President and the Vice President of the United States shall be at least
thirty-five years of age; a natural-born citizen; and must live in the United
No candidate for the office of President shall share citizenship with any
At the time of registering as a candidate for the office, each candidate shall
provide proof of their birthplace, age, citizenship, and residency requirements,
which shall be available for public inspection.
3. Duties: Without regard as to socio-economic class, to ensure social
stability, the executive officers shall, without bias, enforce all laws, work to
The executive title and other duties shall be those previously defined by
legislation appropriate to the political jurisdiction served, as well as campaign
promises made by the executive officer that do not conflict with enacted
legislation of record.
The President of the United States, as Commander in Chief of the United States
Armed Forces, shall defend the United States, territories, possessions; and by ally
request and approval of the people of the United States, defend the ally; enforce
legislation that the people elevated into the national level; and through the use of
legislatively approved agencies of the United States, keep the peace within the
United States by assisting state executive officers when requested.
The President shall negotiate treaties and trade deals for the United States,
subject to the approval of people, and maintain good standing with other nations
of the world in accordance with established legislation.
The office of Vice President shall be filled by the presidential candidate who
receives the second highest vote count during the presidential elections,
regardless of political party.
The Vice President shall assume the office of President should the President die,
become incapacitated, or be removed from office by the people. The office of the
Vice President shall be filled by the presidential candidate who received the third
highest vote count during the election, and shall be informed of matters of State.
Should the President and Vice President become incapacitated, die, or be
removed from office at the same time, two governors shall fill the vacancies of
Vice President and third replacement for the remaining terms or until such time
either one or both shall be reinstated. The governors selected shall meet the
same qualifications as the President and Vice President, and shall be selected
from the states with the best financial record, lowest crime-rate, and highest
education standards; in that order. Standards shall result from comparative
national statistics: Financial records decide which has a balanced budget or not.
Crime-rate takes into account the ratios between the state's population and the
number of persons incarcerated (servings a sentence for any crime). Education
takes into account the ratio between the total number of students compared to
the total graduating above average and the number who failed their courses.
Article V. The Judicial Branch
and lived in the United States fourteen years with the year just prior to the
2. Each jury shall be chosen from a list of thirty-six randomly drawn qualified
voters who live in the jurisdiction where the crime occurred. The names of
all the qualified voters shall be verified by the presiding judge, the
prosecuting attorney, and the defense and placed into a tumbler. Each of
the three shall draw twelve names. Of the thirty-six names drawn, each
eighteen remaining jurors shall draw twelve names from a hat to determine
which will serve as the primary jury and which as the replacement jurors. All
eighteen jurors shall sit through the entire trial until discharged by the
jury duty shall receive waivers from the court, which all bill collectors shall
honor. The waiver extends the juror's bills one month without penalty and
In both criminal and non-criminal cases, the jury shall consist of twelve members
who decide the outcome of the case. Juries shall hear only one case at a time,
through to the final verdict.
3. Duties: Judges shall preside over all criminal and non-criminal cases.
4. The courts shall not legislate in any way whatsoever. Every case shall be
No judge shall; but juries alone shall decide the guilt or culpability in every
criminal or non-criminal case.
Without regard as to socio-economic class and to ensure social stability, judges,
shall without bias, sentence the convicted according to the Rule of Law depending
on the finding of the jury.
In all criminal cases, with assistance of the defense attorney, judges shall ensure
that the accused is made aware of their rights and that the rights of the accused
are protected against government violations in criminal cases. In non-criminal
cases, the prosecuting and defense attorneys shall assist the judge in ensuring
that the parties understand the laws pertaining to their case. This process shall
not prohibit any party from obtaining independent legal counsel in either criminal
or non-criminal cases.
Each larger-level judicial jurisdiction shall serve as the appellate court for the
next-smaller level judicial jurisdiction and shall be the court of original jurisdiction
for all cases resulting from issues and legislation elevated to their jurisdiction.
In both criminal and non-criminal cases, the accused shall be considered innocent
until proven guilty or culpable.
Except in cases where juries decide a case is frivolous, all court costs, in all cases
criminal and non-criminal, regardless of the finding of guilt, culpability, or not
shall be paid by the people out of the appropriate jurisdiction's General Fund
where the trial shall occur; thus providing those lacking financial means the ability
to seek justice via the courts. Every jury shall have the option to decide whether a
case is frivolous; if so, the jury may charge predetermined court costs to a
particular party, whether the prosecutor, defense attorney, the plaintiff(s), and/or
the defendant(s); the value of which shall be served in jail or community service
at a rate of thirty dollars per day.
Where there is an increase of a specific crime, the jury shall recommend to the
Legislative Branch increasing the penalty where the crime violates the rights of
another; or amending or repealing the law if the crime resulted from the acts
between consenting adults.
Article VI. Open Records
branches and all government levels shall be open and available to any
citizen and to the press. Secrecy breeds corruption, contempt, and distrust.
The citizens of each jurisdiction under this Constitution shall be entitled to all the
privileges and immunities common to all citizens within this Union.
A convicted person fleeing one jurisdiction into another shall be subject to return
on the demand of the executive officer of the jurisdiction whence the person fled.
A state may remove themselves from this Constitutional Union with the consent of
a three-fourths vote in each of both Houses of that state. Or, the Constitutional
Union of states may remove a state from this Union with the consent of three-
fourths vote in each of both Houses of the Constitutional Union.
This Constitution shall guarantee to every citizen in this Union a Direct Bicameral
Legislature in all levels of government with representatives in the executive and
judicial branches elected directly by the people.
Article VII. Debts Prior to Enactment
1787 Constitution that they properly presented to the people and to which
the people granted their authority shall be honored under this Constitution.
Supreme Law of this Union, governing the legislative, executive, and judicial
union is only as strong as the members who want to take part in it.
Article VIII. Added Political Restrictions
not permit breaking laws in the name of a religion or in the name of any
god, nor does this exempt any religion or member thereof from paying any
taxes according to the same rules that apply to any other business or
individual.
any house without the consent of the owner, or in time of war but in a
Without a court order, only the parent(s) or legal guardian(s) can search or grant
permission to search a person who is not yet eighteen years of age or who is not
yet a legally emancipated minor.
A person who is not an adult may not authorize or grant consent to a search of
their person without the consent of their parent(s) or legal guardian(s), or to
places they live or have temporary control of or use of without the consent of the
owner or primary controller of the property.
5. Found Evidence: The evidence found as a result of any illegal search may
and the jury, so long as the offending searchers are prosecuted for the
shall serve a mandatory three year sentence for violating the rights of the
violation.
Return of Property: All seized property shall be returned to the rightful owner
and all money seized shall be returned with the addition of interest paid at the
highest bank rate available to the public during the time the money was seized,
provided the defendant is found not guilty of the charges that brought about the
seizure of the property.
Capital Crime: No person shall be detained while awaiting trial to answer for a
capital or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a
Grand Jury.
Double Jeopardy: No person shall be subject for the same offense to be twice
put in jeopardy for the loss of life, limb, or property. Nor shall any person be
compelled in any criminal case to be a witness or to provide evidence against
them-self. Nor shall any person be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due
process of law. Double Jeopardy shall include a combination of criminal and/or
non-criminal accusation regarding responsibility for the same action.
Eminent Domain: No property shall be taken from the rightful owner, except in
cases of non-criminal prosecutions for which a jury decides the defendant owes
restitution. Taking private property for public use shall not be an option in a Free
and Responsible Society. No private land or items of value may be taken from its
rightful owner for public use except through taxation that is justly applied to all
others in the political jurisdiction according to law. It is the responsibility of the
public to develop alternatives that do not involve the taking of property without
the consent of the rightful owner.
Trial by Jury: In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a
speedy and public trial by an impartial jury of the state and jurisdiction wherein
the crime was committed, which jurisdiction shall have been previously
ascertained by law. At the time of arrest and no later than three hours, the
accused shall be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation as well as be
informed of or reminded of their rights, including the right to not offer evidence or
testimony that might convict themselves. The accused shall also be confronted
with the witnesses against them, to have the compulsory process for obtaining
witnesses in their favor, and to have the assistance of independent counsel for
their defense.
Long-Form Confession: For the purpose of justice, the accused may not waive
the right to trial by an impartial jury, unless upon long-form confession to the
charges in open court that detail the crime committed. Such confession shall not
diminish the penalty.
Insanity Plea, in any form, is an automatic admission of guilt and shall be
available for use by any accused person who chooses to use it. The person using
this plea shall first serve the required jail or prison time with all other jail or prison
inmates, and not in a hospital. The person using this plea shall bear sole
responsibility for proving they are not insane before their release back into
society.
6. Death Sentence shall no longer be available within any jurisdiction under
person while they live than it is after they are dead. See Involuntary
Servitude.
7. Criminal & Non-Criminal Cases: shall include all prosecutions for the
All court trials, hearings, and other proceedings shall have an elected judge,
an elected prosecutor, and an elected defense lawyer present to assist the
parties of each case and the court, answering legal questions, and
examining evidence, thereby ensuring justice for all. This shall in no way
Rule of Law.
Failure to Appear: All trial dates and subpoenas, from both the prosecution and
the defense, shall be issued from the courts and served in-hand by the Sheriff's
Department to the named party's last known address. The service fess to be paid
by the court.
If a defendant flees the jurisdiction or failsto appear for trial, the courts shall
accept such actions by the accused as if having presented a written document
that allows the courts to proceed with the trial in the absence of the accused. The
court shall make note that the named defendant failed to appear. In criminal
cases, if found guilty, a warrant for arrest shall issue. When captured, the
convicted person shall begin serving the required sentence and the individual
shall be allowed to challenge both the evidence the law in an appeal. In non-
criminal cases, if found culpable by the jury, an order for restoration shall issue
where financial accounts or real property may be seized to satisfy the judgment.
Bail, Fines, and Punishment shall not exceed that which the enacted
legislation requires.
Involuntary Servitude: Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a
punishment for a crime of which the party was duly convicted, shall exist within
the United States nor any place subject to its jurisdiction.
8. Within any political jurisdiction subject to this Constitution, slavery and
labor or the hours worked are either cruel or unusual shall consist solely of
whether or not the labor or hours are legal for a Free Citizen to perform,
whether for hire or as a volunteer, as well as whether Free Citizens work the
this Constitution; nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or
process of law, nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal
Other Rights: The enumeration in this Constitution of certain rights shall not be
construed in any way to deny or disparage other rights retained by the people.
The Founding Charter names some of the rights retained by the people regardless
of their forms of government. Mentioning certain rights within this Constitution
are for the purpose of limiting or forbidding government involvement regarding
the rights listed. Failure to mention other rights forbids government interference
in those rights until such time as the people amend this Constitution to grant to
government such power or authority regarding those rights.
Political Powers: The powers not delegated by the people within this
Constitution to the government of the United States are forbidden for that
government to exercise. The powers not prohibited by this Constitution to the
smaller political jurisdictions within this Union are reserved respectively to those
jurisdictions in descending order; otherwise, the people retain all such powers
individually.
Military Authority: The police and military authority of larger political
jurisdictions shall be subordinate to the authority of the smaller political
jurisdictions; except in cases where those jurisdictions are under investigation for
criminal activity.
Diplomatic Immunities: All citizens of this Union who visit foreign lands for
work, student, tourist, illegal, political, or other reasons are subject to the laws of
that land. There shall be no diplomatic immunity for officials of the United States,
officials of any state of this Union, or private citizens who commit a crime in
another country.
10.In like manner, all visitors from foreign lands to any of the states in this
Union, whether diplomatic or civilian, whether for work, student, tourist,
illegal, political, or other reasons are subject to the laws of the jurisdictions
immigrants.
shall also be prohibited from re-entering legally for at least ten years after
term refugees are the only exception. This requirement does not violate the
conditions of a person's age, race, color, religion, cultural background, or in
any other way, as it is supposed that all persons voluntarily come to, or
remain within, any one of these states. This requirement shall not be
Right to Vote: The right of citizens to vote or to receive benefit from any
government program shall not be denied or abridged by any political jurisdiction
or agent subject to this Constitution because of that citizen's race, color, age,
gender, cultural background, sexual preference, religion, failure to pay any tax, or
previous condition of servitude (including previous sentences served for criminal
activity). However, government officials may require an individual to prove their
eligibility, that they understand their duties and responsibilities, that they are
physically able to properly perform those duties in a timely manner, or as
otherwise established in approved legislation that does not violate this
Constitution.
14.No other reason shall exist to prevent a person from voting other than if
that person still serves a sentence for any criminal activity; which also
The families of a convicted person shall not become eligible for any government
benefits that they were not already eligible for prior to the commission of the
crime.
15.Right of Personal Association: The right of the people to choose
posts such restrictions. This item shall not be construed in any manner
Taxation: Through legislation, the People shall decide all amounts and forms of
taxation with regard to how they shall fund the enforcement of laws, pay for
public programs, government projects, or any other act that requires the use of
public money.
Article IX. Ratification
When both Houses of three-quarters of the states (via the cities, towns, villages,
and counties) approve this Constitution, it shall become effective between and
binding on all political jurisdictions that are now and shall become part of this
Union of States.
Enacted this _____ day of in the year __________ by the people of the
City/Town/Village of ___________________, in ________________County, in the State of
__________________, in General Assembly within our local political jurisdiction's
meeting.
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