Conceptual Physics, 11e (Hewitt)

Chapter 11 Atomic Nature of Matter

11.1 Questions About Atomic Nature of Matter
1) How many different elements are in a water molecule?
A) one
B) two
C) three
D) four
E) none
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Topic: Molecules
2) Which of the following are electrically neutral?
A) proton
B) neutron
C) electron
D) ion
E) none of these
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Topic: Atomic Structure
3) There are about as many atoms of air in our lungs at any moment as there are breaths of air in
the atmosphere of
A) a large auditorium.
B) a large city.
C) the United States.
D) the whole world.
E) none of these
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Topic: Characteristics of Atoms
4) Atoms heavier than helium were made by
A) photosynthesis.
B) thermonuclear fusion.
C) radiant energy conversion.
D) radioactivity.
E) none of these
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Topic: Characteristics of Atoms, Atomic Structure, The Elements

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5) An atomic mass unit (amu) is 1/12 the mass of

A) an electron.
B) a proton.
C) a hydrogen atom.
D) a carbon atom.
E) a uranium atom.
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Topic: Isotopes
6) If we doubled the magnifying power of the most powerful optical microscope in the world, we
would
A) be able to see individual atoms.
B) be able to photograph individual atoms, even though we couldn't see them.
C) still not be able to see or photograph an atom.
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Topic: Atomic Imagery
7) Which of these atoms has the most mass?
A) hydrogen
B) iron
C) lead
D) uranium
E) All have the same mass.
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Topic: Atomic Structure, Periodic Table of the Elements
8) Which of these statements is true?
A) A molecule is the smallest particle that exists.
B) Chemical elements are made up of about 100 distinct molecules.
C) Molecules form atoms that in turn determine chemical properties of a substance.
D) Molecules are the smallest subdivision of matter that still retains chemical properties of a
substance.
E) None of these statements is true.
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Topic: The Elements

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9) Which of the following statements is true?

A) An atom is the smallest particle known to exist.
B) There are only about 100 different kinds of atoms that combine to form all substances.
C) There are thousands of different kinds of atoms that account for a wide variety of substances.
D) A large atom can be photographed with the aid of an ordinary microscope.
E) None of these statements are true.
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Topic: The Elements
10) What makes an element distinct?
A) the number of protons
B) the number of neutrons
C) the number of electrons
D) the total mass of all the particles
E) none of these
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Topic: The Elements
11) Brownian motion has to do with the
A) size of atoms.
B) atomic vibrations.
C) first direct measurement of atomic motion.
D) random motions of atoms and molecules.
E) rhythmic movements of atoms in a liquid.
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Topic: The Atomic Hypothesis
12) Which of the following is not a compound?
A) air
B) ammonia
C) water
D) salt
E) All are compounds.
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Topic: Compounds and Mixtures

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13) Which of the following is not a mixture?

A) granite
B) cake
C) air
D) beach sand
E) None. All of the above choices are mixtures.
Answer: E
Diff: 1
Topic: Compounds and Mixtures
14) In an electrically neutral atom, the number of protons in the nucleus is balanced by an equal
number of
A) neutrons.
B) quarks.
C) orbital electrons.
D) all of these
E) none of these
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Topic: Atomic Structure
15) The smallest particle of those listed below is
A) a molecule.
B) an atom.
C) a proton.
D) a neutron.
E) a quark.
Answer: E
Diff: 1
Topic: Atomic Structure
16) A molecule has
A) mass.
B) structure.
C) energy.
D) all of these
E) none of these
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Topic: Molecules

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17) Solid matter is mostly empty space. The reason solids don't fall through one another is
because
A) atoms are constantly vibrating, even at absolute zero.
B) of nuclear forces.
C) of gravitational forces.
D) of electrical forces.
E) none of these
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Topic: Atomic Structure
18) A force that determines the chemical properties of an atom is a(n)
A) friction force.
B) nuclear force.
C) gravitational force.
D) electrical force.
E) none of these
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Topic: Atomic Structure, Periodic Table of the Elements
19) Which has the greatest number of protons in its nucleus?
A) gold.
B) mercury.
C) lead.
D) silver.
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Topic: Periodic Table of the Elements
20) The air in this room has
A) mass.
B) weight.
C) energy.
D) all of these
E) none of these
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Topic: Atoms

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21) Compared to the energy it takes to separate oxygen and hydrogen from water, the amount of
energy given off when they recombine is
A) slightly more.
B) slightly less.
C) much more.
D) much less.
E) the same.
Answer: E
Diff: 1
Topic: Molecules
22) When carbon and oxygen atoms combine, energy is
A) taken in by the reaction.
B) given off by the reaction.
C) not involved.
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Topic: Molecules
23) If an astronaut landed on a planet made of antimatter, there would be an explosion and
A) the planet would annihilate.
B) an amount of planet matter equal to that of the astronaut would annihilate.
C) the astronaut would annihilate.
D) the astronaut and an equal amount of the planet would both annihilate.
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Topic: Antimatter
24) In our part of the universe, antimatter is
A) non-existent.
B) plentiful.
C) short-lived.
D) long-lived.
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Topic: Antimatter
25) Assuming all the atoms exhaled by Julius Caesar in his last dying breath are still in the
atmosphere, then we probably breathe one of those atoms with each
A) single breath.
B) day.
C) month.
D) ten years.
E) It depends some people still breathe a few of Caesar's atoms every day, while others
wouldn't breathe one for an entire year.
Answer: A
Diff: 2
Topic: Characteristics of Atoms
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26) Nuclei of atoms that make up a newborn baby were made in

A) the mother's womb.
B) the food the mother eats before giving birth.
C) ancient stars.
D) the Earth.
E) none of these
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Topic: Characteristics of Atoms
27) Compared to the atoms that make up the body of an elderly person, the atoms that make up
the body of a newborn baby are
A) newer.
B) actually older.
C) the same age.
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Topic: Characteristics of Atoms
28) The reason a granite block is mostly empty space is that the atoms in the granite are
A) in perpetual motion.
B) mostly empty space themselves.
C) held together by electrical forces.
D) not as close together as they could be.
E) invisible.
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Topic: Characteristics of Atoms
29) The weight of matter comes mostly from its
A) protons.
B) electrons.
C) neutrons
Answer: A
Diff: 2
Topic: Periodic Table of the Elements
30) The volume of matter comes mostly from its
A) protons.
B) electrons.
C) neutrons
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Topic: Periodic Table of the Elements

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31) The chemical properties of matter come mostly from its

A) protons.
B) electrons.
C) neutrons.
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Topic: Atoms
32) Compared to the mass of a hydrogen atom, the mass of an oxygen atom is
A) 8 times as great.
B) 12 times as great.
C) 16 times as great.
D) appreciably more than 16 times as great.
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Topic: Atomic Mass
33) In a closed bottle are a certain number of hydrogen molecules. In an identical closed bottle at
the same temperature and internal pressure are a certain number of nitrogen molecules. The
bottle with the greater number of molecules is the one containing
A) hydrogen.
B) nitrogen.
C) both the same
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Topic: Atoms
34) A positron orbiting an antiproton would make up an atom of
A) positronium.
B) unobtainium.
C) anti-helium.
D) anti-hydrogen.
E) none of these
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Topic: Antimatter
35) If a gram of antimatter meets a kilogram of matter, the amount of mass to survive is
A) 1 gram.
B) 999 grams.
C) 1 kilogram.
D) 1.1 kilogram.
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Topic: Antimatter

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36) What is the molecular mass of a water molecule?

A) 10 amu
B) 12 amu
C) 15 amu
D) 18 amu
E) None of these. It depends on the temperature.
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Topic: Periodic Table of the Elements
37) If two protons are removed from an oxygen nucleus, the result is
A) nitrogen.
B) carbon.
C) helium.
D) neon.
E) positively charged oxygen.
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Topic: Periodic Table of the Elements
38) To change mercury into gold, a pair of protons must be
A) removed from the mercury nucleus.
B) added to the mercury nucleus.
C) removed from the gold nucleus
D) added to the gold nucleus.
E) None of the above is true.
Answer: E
Diff: 2
Topic: Periodic Table of the Elements
39) If two protons are added to an oxygen nucleus, the result is
A) heavy oxygen.
B) fluorine.
C) neon.
D) sodium.
E) nitrogen.
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Topic: Periodic Table of the Elements

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40) If a pair of helium nuclei are fused together, the result is

A) helium isotope.
B) lithium.
C) beryllium.
D) boron.
E) carbon.
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Topic: Periodic Table of the Elements
41) If one neutron is added to a helium nucleus, the result is
A) hydrogen.
B) boron.
C) lithium.
D) beryllium.
E) helium.
Answer: E
Diff: 2
Topic: Periodic Table of the Elements
42) How many protons should be added to the nuclei of oxygen atoms so the resulting gas will
glow red when there is an electric current through it?
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) But protons will have to be subtracted, not added.
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Topic: Periodic Table of the Elements
43) Which of these atoms has the greatest amount of electrical charge in its nucleus?
A) helium
B) carbon
C) iron
D) gold
E) uranium
Answer: E
Diff: 2
Topic: Periodic Table of the Elements

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44) Which of these atoms has the greatest number of electrons?

A) helium
B) carbon
C) iron
D) gold
E) uranium
Answer: E
Diff: 2
Topic: Periodic Table of the Elements

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