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ISSN 0971-0973
Abstract:
Dermatoglyphics is study of pattern of fine ridges on fingers, palms and soles. The term
dermatoglyphics was coined by Cummins. The type of finger print is unique and is based on genetic
nd
rd
characters of each individual. They develop between 2 and 3 months of intra uterine life and remain
unchanged in an individual through out life. Finger prints are regarded as the most reliable tool for
personal identification. Due to their immence potential particularly in forensic medicine, the study of finger
print pattern was carried out in relation to various ABO blood groups.
The study was carried out in the Department of Anatomy, NRI medical college, Chinakakani,
Guntur. 506 students of known blood group were selected for the study. The finger prints were collected,
studied and analyzed statistically. Thumbs presented high frequency of whorls in A+ves. Index and ring
fingers were associated with high frequency of whorls in A-ves and AB+ves.
Key Words: Finger Print, Blood Group, Commins, Intra Uterine Life
The finger print patterns were classified
into loops (ulnar and radial), whorls and arches
according to Henrys system of classification.
According to Holt [3], the ridge count
consists of number of ridges which touch the
straight line running from the triradius to the
centre of the pattern. Total and absolute finger
ridge counts were studied. The distribution of
finger print pattern in both hands of individuals
with different ABO blood groups was evaluated
and analyzed statistically.
Introduction:
Dermatoglyphics is study of pattern of
fine ridges on fingers, palms and soles. The
term dermatoglyphics was coined by Cummins.
[1] The type of finger print is unique and is
based on genetic characters of each individual.
nd
rd
They develop between 2 and 3 months of
intra uterine life and remain unchanged in an
individual through out life. They form the most
reliable criteria for personal identification.
Forest reported that dermatoglyphics
from a part of structural constitution [2]. Blotegrel
and Blotegrel expressed the correlation between
the physical characters and blood groups [2]. An
attempt is made to study the distribution of finger
print pattern in different ABO blood groups and
to find the correlation between them.
Observations:
We studied 506 individuals with known
blood groups. Male: Female ratio is 1.12: 1.
Majority of individuals belongs to O group,
followed by B, A and AB respectively.
Pattern: Loops are most common pattern
(56.2%), followed by whorls (39.4%) and arches
(4.4%) respectively. Frequency of loops and
arches were more in females compared to
males. Frequency of whorls is more in males.
Chi-Square is 15.3145 and P-value
<0.001
Loops were of high in O gp (58.8%) &
least in AB (50%). Whorls are highest in AB
group (49.4%) & least in O (37.5%). Arches
were of high in B (7%) & least in AB (0.6%).
Loops are highest in O-ves (59.1%) and
least in AB-ves (45%). Ulnar loops were highest
in A-ves (57.8%) and least in AB-ves (45%).
Radial loops were highest in O-ves (5.8%) and
AB+ves (4.6%) Whorls were of high frequency in
ABves (55%) and least in A-ves (32.1%).
Arches were of high frequency in A-ves (10%).
The frequency of finger print pattern in
different ABO and Rh blood groups on all fingers
is of the order that loops were of highest
frequency followed by whorls and arches, except
Corresponding Author:
*Asst. Prof. Anatomy,
NRI Medical College Chinakakani, Guntur
**Professor of Forensic Medicine, NRIMC
***Professor of Anatomy, NRIMC
343
J Indian Acad Forensic Med. October- December 2011, Vol. 33, No. 4
Males
101 (19.69%) 116
A group
B group
AB group
Total
Females
47 (9.3%)
45
(8.9%)
98 (19.4%) 65 (12.8%)
22 (4.3%)
12
(2.4%)
268 (53%) 238 (47%)
Rh factor
AB
Rh+
205 (40.5%)
30 (6%)
Rh-
12 (2.3%)
14 (2.8%) 14 (2.8%)
4 (0.8%)
Ulnar
2507
(54.2%)
240
(54.5%)
Radial
96
(2.1%)
7
(1.6%)
Total
2603
(56.3%)
247
(56.1%)
Whorls
Arches
1815
(39.3%)
179
(40.7%)
202
(4.4%)
14
(3.2%)
Total
(22.9%) 217
ISSN 0971-0973
(42.9%)
92 (18.2%)
163
(32.2%)
34
(6.7%)
506 (100%)
Loops
O group
A group
B group
AB group
O+ve O-ve
A+ve
B+ve
B-ve
AB+
816
73
1204
71
427
A-ve
81
Chi-sq.
AB- P value
152
18 51.0663
Loops
O+ve
110
(53.6%)
101
(49.2%)
156
(76%)
80
(39%)
154
(75.1%)
111
(54.1%)
116
(56.6%)
137
(66.8%)
81
(39.5%)
158
(77%)
O-ve
7
(58.3%)
6
(50%)
12
(100%)
7
(58.3%)
9
(75%)
7
(58.3%)
4
(33.3%)
8
(66.6%)
6
(50%)
5
(41.6%)
Whorl
O+ve
91
(44.4%)
86
(41.9%)
43
(21%)
121
(59%)
49
(23.9%)
88
(42.9%)
67
(32.7%)
53
(25.8%)
120
(58.5%)
47
(22.9%)
O-ve
5
(41.6%)
6
(50%)
5
(41.6%)
3
(25%)
5
(41.6%)
8
(66.6%)
4
(33.3%)
6
(50%)
7
(58.3%)
Arches
O+ve
4
(1.9%)
18
(8.7%)
6
(2.9%)
4
(1.9%)
2
(0.9%)
6
(2.9%)
22
(10.7%)
15
(7.3%)
4
(1.9%)
-
Whorls
O-ve
---
O
O
A
A
B
B
AB
AB
Ulnar
1242
(57.3%)
490
(53.3%)
851
(52.3%)
156
(45.9%)
Whorls
Total
1275
(58.8%)
508
(55.2%)
889
(54.5%)
170
(50%)
Arches
45
562
64
146
22 16.2771
81
9(1.1%)
14
(10%)
112
2
(0.6%)
96.7561
(7.5%) (2.1%)
<0.001
81
(3.7%)
23
(2.5%)
115
(7.1%)
02
(0.6%)
RR
RL
Loops
A+ve
33
(42.3%)
39
(50%)
49
(62.8%)
29
(37.1%)
53
(67.9%)
32
(41%)
40
(51.3%)
51
(65.4%)
39
(50%)
62
(79.5%)
A-ve
6
(42.8%)
5
(35.7%)
8
(57.1%)
8
(57.1%)
12
(85.7%)
12
(85.7%)
6
(42.8%)
10
(71.4%)
4
(28.5%)
10
(71.4%)
Whorls
A+ve
45
(57.7%)
37
(47.4%)
27
(34.6%)
49
(62.8%)
25
(32%)
46
(58.9%)
35
(44.8%)
27
(34.6%)
39
(50%)
14
(17.9%)
A-ve
5
(35.7%)
7
(50%)
4
(28.5%)
6
(42.8%)
2
(14.3%)
8
(57.1%)
3
(21.4%)
8
(57.1%)
2
(14.3%)
Arches
A+ve
2
(2.5%)
2
(2.5%)
3
(3.8%)
2
(2.5%)
A-ve
3
(21.4%)
2
(14.2%)
2
(14.2%)
2
(14.2%)
1
(7.1%)
2
(14.2%)
2
(14.2%)
344
(3.9%)
Arches
814
(37.5%)
389
(42.3%)
626
(38.4%)
168
(49.4%)
49
(37.4%) (40.8%) (44.1%) (32.1%) (37.7%) (45.7%) (48.7%) (55%) < 0.001
765
Blood groups
P -value
<0.0001
<0.0001
<0.0001
<0.0001
<0.0001
<0.0001
<0.0001
<0.0001
O+ve
O-ve
A+ve
A-ve
B+ve
B-ve
AB+ve
AB-ve
344
t
value
50.1
17.14
23.84
7.20
50.22
8.72
11.58
8.76
P -value
<0.0001
<0.0001
<0.0001
<0.0001
<0.0001
<0.0001
<0.0001
=0.0031
J Indian Acad Forensic Med. October- December 2011, Vol. 33, No. 4
Table 3: Finger print pattern sex-wise
Loops
Whorls
Arches
Males
(2680)
1400
(52.3%)
1180
(44%)
100
(3.7%)
Females
(2380)
1442
(60.5%)
817
(34.3%)
121
(5.1%)
Total
(5060)
2842
(56.2%)
1997
(39.4%)
221
(4.4%)
Loops
B+ve
82
(55%)
66
(44.3%)
102
(68.4%)
55
(36.9%)
107
(71.8%)
74
(49.6%)
65
(43.6%)
90
(60.4%)
71
(47.6%)
104
(69.8%)
B-ve
6
(42.8%)
7
(50%)
8
(57.1%)
7
(50%)
10
(71.4%)
8
(57.1%)
8
(57.1%)
7
(50%)
4
(28.5%)
8
(57.1%)
Whorls
B+ve
59
(39.6%)
58
(38.9%)
39
(26.1%)
86
(57.7%)
38
(25.5%)
69
(46.3%)
57
(38.2%)
45
(30.2%)
72
(48.3%)
40
(26.8%)
B-ve
8
(57.1%)
7
(50%)
6
(42.8%)
7
(50%)
4
(28.5%)
6
(42.8%)
6
(42.8%)
5
(35.7%)
9
(64.3%)
5
(35.7%)
Arches
B+ve
8
(5.3%)
25
(16.7%)
8
(5.3%)
8
(5.3%)
4
(2.6%)
6
(4%)
27
(18.1%)
14
(9.4%)
6
(4%)
6
(4%)
B-ve
2
(14.2%)
1
(7.1%)
-
AB+ve
16
(53.3%)
14
(46.6%)
18
(60%)
10
(33.3%)
20
(66.6%)
14
(46.6%)
10
33.3%)
20
(66.6%)
10
(33.3%)
20
(66.6%)
Whorls
AB-ve
1
(25%)
4
(100%)
2
(50%)
2
(50%)
-
AB+ve
14
(46.6%)
16
(53.3%)
12
(40%)
20
(66.6%)
10
(33.3%)
16
(53.3%)
18
(60%)
10
(33.3%)
20
(66.6%)
10
(33.3%)
Arches
AB-ve
4
(100%)
3
(75%)
-
AB+ve
-
AB-ve
-
2
(50%)
2
(50%)
4
(100%)
4
(100%)
1
(25%)
1
(25%)
1
(25%)
2
(6.6%)
-
ISSN 0971-0973
Conclusion:
Discussion:
References:
RM
RR
RL
LT
LI
LM
LR
LL
3
(75%)
3
(75%)
3
(75%)
345