Electrical Gaming

OHMS LAW
At steady-state condition, the voltage
across a resistor is directly proportional to the
current flowing through it with the
temperature remaining constant.
Where:
V = applied voltage in volts
I = current drawn in amperes
R = resistance in ohms

Electrical Power (P)it is defined as the rate at which electrical

energy is expended or used up.
It is the rate electric energy is converted
into another form, such as light, heat or
mechanical energy (or converted from
another form into electrical energy).
Its unit is Watt (W) named after the Scottish
Engineer James Watt (1736 1819).
Where:
P = electrical power in watt
V = voltage in volt
I = current in amperes
R = resistance in ohm

BASIC ELECTRICAL MATERIALS

Conductor -these are substances that
carries or allows the flow of electrical
current through it.
Wires and Cables Wires are those
conductors which are 8 mm (AWG no. 8)
or smaller, while cables are those larger
than wires.

DIFFERENT TYPES OF CABLES

Armored Cable-This type of cable is a
fabricated
assembly
of
insulated
conductors enclosed in flexible metal
sheath.
Metal Clad Cable- This is made up of one
or more conductors, each individually
insulated and enclosed in a metallic sheath
of interlocking tape, or a smooth
corrugated tube.
Mineral Insulated Cable- This is made up of
one or more conductors insulated with a
highly compressed refractory mineral
insulation and enclosed in a liquid tight
and gas tight continuous copper sheath.
Nonmetallic Sheathed Cable
This is two or more insulated conductors
having a moisture resistant outer sheath,
flame retardant and non-metallic material.

DIFFERENT TYPES OF CABLES

Shielded Nonmetallic Sheathed Cable
This is an assembly of two or more insulated
conductors in an extracted core or
moisture-resistant and flame retardant
material, covered within an overlapping
spiral tape.
Service Entrance Cable-This is a single
conductor or a multi-conductor assembly
provided with or without an overall
covering.
Underground Feeder and Branch Circuit
Cables-This is a moisture resistance cables
used for underground, including direct
burial in the ground, as feeders or branch
circuits.
Raceways these are any enclosed channel
of metal or nonmetallic materials
designed expressly for holding wires,
cables, or busbars.

Types of Raceways:
Conduits these may be metallic or nonmetallic.
Connectors
Other Types of Raceways:
1. Conduits Couplings, Elbows and Other
fittings
2. Conduits Supports
3. Cable Trays, Cablebus
4. Metal Raceways
5. Nonmetal Raceways
Outlet-a point on the wiring system at
which current is taken to supply utilization
equipment.
Types of Outlets:
1. Convenience Outlet
2. Lighting Outlet
3. Receptacle Outlet
Fuse (electrical)
In electronics and electrical
engineering, a fuse (from the French
fuse, Italian fuso, "spindle" is a type
of low resistance resistor that acts as
a sacrificial device to provide
overcurrent protection, of either the
load or source circuit.

fuse interrupts excessive current

(blows) so that further damage by
overheating or fire is prevented.

Circuit breaker
A circuit breaker is an automatically
operated electrical switch designed to
protect an electrical circuit from damage
caused by overload or short circuit.
Common trip breakers
When supplying a branch circuit with more
than one live conductor

Bus bar
In electrical power distribution, a bus bar is
a strip of copper or aluminum that
conducts electricity within a switchboard,
distribution board, substation or other
electrical apparatus.
pull box is used for long cable wiring,
where you have to splice the cables or
leave a slacked of cable in the box for
pulling. for easy installation, normally i use
the bigger size of boxes like 4-11/16 square
2-1/8 deep.
utility box is used for surface mounting of
switches and receptacles, typically used in
basement wiring. they come in standard
size of 3-3/4 x 1-1/2 and 1-1/2 deep.
junction box is a container for electrical
connections, usually intended to conceal
them from sight and meter tampering.
Switch
is an electrical component that can
break
an
electrical
circuit,
interrupting the current or diverting it
from one conductor to another.
A
switch
may
be
directly
manipulated by a human as a
control signal to a system, such as a
computer keyboard button, or to
control power flow in a circuit, such
as a light switch.
Convenience outlet
A receptacle in a wall or baseboard
for connection to lamps or other
electrical appliances.

is any outlet that is in a convenient

location for its use. An example
would be kitchen counter
receptacles.

CONVENIENCE OUTLET CIRCUIT DIAGARAM

Busbar-A piece of rigid metal within a

panel or fusebox which distributes
electricity to the various circuits by means
of their connection to it.
Cable- A cable is a set of wires, usually
encased in an outer protective sheath.
2-wire cable- such as 14-2 and 12-2 (which
indicate wire size) refers to a cable with
two insulated wires, not counting any
ground wire. Likewise 3-wire cable has
three insulated wires, with any ground
being additional.

DEFINITION OF TERMS
110 -An older term for the nominal voltage
for lights and portable appliances in
homes. "120" would be a more accurate
and up-to-date identification of this
voltage.
220 -An older term for the nominal voltage
in a home for running some major
appliances. "240" would be a more
accurate and up-to-date identification of
this voltage. To understand the dual
voltage available to homes (120/240), see
Your system and Double circuit.
Appliance-A non-lighting item that, by its
resistance, consumes electricity rather than
just passing it on.
Examples: fax machine, garbage disposal,
even a wired-in smoke alarm perhaps.
Arcing-Current passing (through air) across
a gap, that is, using the air itself like a wire.
Arc-fault interrupter-A circuit breaker that
can also trip for line-to-neutral arcing
(which would not soon trip a standard
breaker).
Breaker-An automatic switching device
that disconnects power to a circuit when
current or heat exceeds a certain level for
a certain amount of time.

Circuit-The actual or intended path of

current between points of differing
voltage.
branch circuit-defined as everything fed
(or interrupted) by a given breaker or fuse.
Common-The terminal of a three-way
switch (or the wire attached to it) which
makes internal contact with one or the
other of the traveler terminals, depending
on the position the switch is moved to.
Current-The flow of electrons in a wire (or
other conductor). This is measured in amps
(amperes).
Device-As distinct from a fixture or
appliance, an item which does not itself
consume
significant
electricity,
but
interrupts or passes it on in a particular
fashion. For example, a switch, a
receptacle, a thermostat, a breaker, a fuse.
Dimmer-Also rheostat. A switch able to dim
its lights by altering the voltage it passes
on.
Electricity-(That is, "tame" electricity, not
The big stuff.) A force generated onto
loops of conductive material, transferred
through their electrons, and applied as
useful energy at parts of these loops.

Fixture Or "luminaire"-A non-portable

electrically-produced-light assembly.
Distinguished from appliance or device.
Fuse-A device that interrupts current to its
circuit by melting apart. It must then be
replaced.
Fusebox-Like a panel, a usual main source
of the circuits in a home. It contains fuses
rather than breakers.
Gang-A combining of more than one
device side-by-side, as, a "three-gang"
switch box.
GFI or GFCI
A ground-fault interrupter. A device to
prevent electrocution, which serves also as
a receptacle or (less commonly) as a
breaker.
Ground-The common reference point for
the voltage of a homes electrical system.
It refers to an intended or unintended
connectedness to the earth.
Ground-fault
Any short circuit finding at least some of its
path to the earth by way of something
other than the neutral wire. It is a "leaking"
of current off of the intended path.
Hot Or live-Having electrical force
(voltage) in relation to ground/earth,
especially 120 volts.
Hotness-Having voltage in relation to
ground, especially 120 volts.
Jumper-A short piece of wire within a box,
going between two wirenuts or between
two devices' terminals.
Junction box-As distinguished from any
electrical box, a box used only for making
connections, not for also supporting a
switch, receptacle, or light.

Line and Load-These are relative terms. In

relation to a given switch or device, line
refers to wires or voltage being "supplied"
to it from "upstream" or from the direction
of the main service panel.
Neutral-The wires of a circuit connected
ultimately to the earth to receive flow
"back" from a light or appliance.
Open-A physical discontinuity at some
point along the path of some part of a
circuit.
Outlet-Technically, any point along a
circuit where a light or appliance receives
its final connections to the hot and neutral
of the circuit.
Overload-When in its normal operation a
circuit has carried a little too much flow a
little too long, so that the wires will be
getting too hot to be safe, the breaker will
trip off.
Panel/panel box/breaker box- The large
metal box containing breakers for circuits.
The "main" panel or "service" panel would
be the central source for the home and
would be receiving its power from the
power company.
Pigtail-To provide circuit connection to a
fixture, appliance, or device by means of a
single wire (the pigtail) getting its own
connection out of a connector (wire "nut")
that contains other wires of the circuit.
Phantom voltage-An inconsequential
voltage many testers will detect.
Receptacle- A device that serves as the
outlet for lights or appliances to connect to
a circuit by means of a cord with a "plug"
on the end.

short is basically, an unintended continuity

from a hot wire to something of different
voltage.

Wire-A wire is bendable metal for carrying

electric current. Except when used as a
grounding wire, it is coated with insulative
material.

Short Circuit- is an electrical circuit that

allows a current to travel along an
unintended path, often where essentially
no (or a very low) electrical impedance is
encountered.

Building Wires

Socket/lamp holder- The part of a light

fixture that receives the bulb or tube.
Splice-An unanchored electrical
connector joining two or more wires
directly.
Switch-A device used to interrupt
continuity and current to part of a circuit.
Terminal-A screw or other pressure-device
to which one or more wires are connected
for passing electrical continuity and current
along. Like a "Splice", but a terminal is
anchored to a larger structure, whereas a
splice is "free floating".
Three-way- a switching system in which a
light(s) is controllable from more than one
location by two or more switches.
Travelers-The pair of wires in a three-way
switch system that are run (within the same
cable) from one switch device to the next,
attaching at each.
Voltage-The forcefulness with which
electricity is ready to flow; also, the
measurable relation of this force between
two points ("volts").
Wattage
Rate of electric energy used by lights or
appliances. When applied to devices, it
indicates the maximum watts the device is
designed to deliver or control (rather than
use).

TW Wire (Thermoplastic Moisture-Resistant

Wire) -Used as interior housewiring at circuit
voltage up to 600 volts. Maximum
operating temperature is 60C in dry or wet
application.
THW Wire (Thermoplastic Heat-and
Moisture-Resistant Wire)-Used as interior
housewiring at circuit voltage up to 600
volts. Maximum operating temperature is
75C in dry or wet application.
THHN/THWN (Thermoplastic Heat-Resistant
Wire with Nylon Jacket)-A general purpose
600 volt building wire that can be used as
a power, lighting and control wiring.
Maximum operating temperature is 90C
for dry application and 75C for wet
application.
Durex Wire (Type NM) Non-Metallic
Sheathed Cable-Designed specifically for
use as an internal 600 volts building wire
installed above ground and in any location
at maximum operating temperature of
60C. Use of conduit is optional as per
section 5.5.4 of the Philippine Electrical
Code.
TF Wire (Thermoplastic Fixture)
Used as lighting fixture or interior appliance
wire in circuits not exceeding 600 volts at a
maximum operating temperature of 60C
in dry or wet location.
TFN (Thermoplastic Fixture) Wire with Nylon
Jacket-Used as lighting fixture, interior
appliance wire, machine tool wire or hook
up wire in circuits not exceeding 600 volts
at a maximum operating temperature of
90C in dry application and 75C in wet
location.