ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF A 30m HIGH SELF

SUPPORTING FOUR LEGGED

TELECOMIUNICATION TOWER

INSTRUCTED BY
Dr C.S. Lewangamage

NAME

: NANAYAKKARA K.

INDEX NO

: 100353J

DATE OF SUB

: 21.01.2015

D.

INTRODUCTION
The self-supporting latticed tower can be considered as a cost effective
structural system to mount telecommunication equipment to transmit radio waves to
distance as much as possible. Also use of these self-supporting tower has following
advantages. That are they dont need large area unlike for the guyed mast towers which
requires to large area to fix guys. Also the self-supporting tower can further increase the
high in future depending on requirement for additional fixities without changing the
whole structure.
Since in Yudaganawa area is rural place and has less signal for connect mobile
network. Therefore the telecommunication tower is very important for this project since
we are aiming to make this location as tourist attraction site. Therefore we need to
make available for telecommunication facilities for this location to connect existing
world.
This proposed tower has four legs and mounted on foundation. Height of the
tower is 30m and base area in <>.

(put the picture of tower)

The design requirement of tower is able to withstand design wind speed of 33.5
m/s. Because the according to wind zones of Sri Lanka, Yudaganawa is located in zone
3. Therefore the tower should be strong enough to resist this wind condition.
Also the Yudaganawa is locate in southern province of Sri Lanka. Hence this
area frequently experience the dramatic change of weather pattern because of the
pressure drops in Bay of Bengal. Therefore this area has high possibility of subject to
cyclone attack. Therefore to save expensive equipments from damaging, we need to
adopt a method to dismantle form tower before the cyclone arrives to this area. Because
we can detect cyclone early before it arrives. Therefore it is cost effective to adopt
above method other than design tower to withstand cyclone. Hence the cyclonic
resistance design is not considered. Also ice loading of tower is not considered since
the Sri Lanka is tropical country and not experience any snow fall.
The outline of this report included the analysis and design of the 30m tall selfsupporting tower with able to withstand design wind speed of 33.5m/s. following
details are also included in this report

Structural details of the tower

Design standards used of design
Load calculation, SAP2000 modelling and design of 30m tall tower

STRUCTURAL DETAILS OF THE TOWER

Reference

Description
TOWER DESIGN NOTES

Results

Clause
2.6.5.1

1.
2.
3.
4.

Tower designed for Exposure C

Tower designed for basic wind speed of 33.5 m/s
Structure Class II
Topographic Category 1

Table 2-1

Reference

Description

Results

WIND LOAD CALCULATION

Section 1

Total length of 75758 sections = 2000 2

= 4000 mm
Total length of 50505 sections = 2 (2828 + 2000)
= 9656 mm
Solid Area = (4 0.075) + (9.656 0.05)
= 0.7828 m2
Total Area of the Section 1 = 2 2
= 4 m2
Solidity Ratio () = 0.7828/4
= 0.1957
Clause 2.6.9.1
Clause2.6.9.1.1

= 0.1957

Design wind force (FST) = qz Gh (EPA)S

(EPA)S = Cf Df Af
where
For Square Cross sections, Cf = 4.02 - 5.9 + 4.0
= 4 0.22 - 5.9 0.2 + 4
= 2.9985

Cf = 2.9985

Table 2-6

Df = 1 (for Normal dir)

Af = 0.7828 m2

Af = 0.78 m2

(EPA)S = 3.11 Df Af
= 3.11 1 0.7828
= 2.347 m2

(EPA)S = 2.35m2

Reference

Description

Clause 2.6.9.6

qz = 0.613Kz Kzt Kd V2 l

Clause 2.6.5.2

Kz = 2.01(z/zg)2/

Table 2-4

where
z
= 39 m
zg
= 274 m

= 9.5
Kzmin = 0.85
Hence Kz = 2.01(39/274)2/9.5
= 1.33 > 0.85 ok

Clause 2.6.6.4
Table 2-2

Results

Kzt = 1 (For Topography Category 1)

Kd = 0.85

Kz = 1.33
Kzt = 1
Kd = 0.85

V = 33.5 m/s (For Zone 3)

Table 2-3

Importance factor (l) =1(for structure class II with wind only)

qz = 0.613 1.33 1 0.85 33.52 l
qz = 779.68 N/m2

Clause 2.67.1

Gust effect factor (Gh) = 0.85 + 0.15[h/45.7-3]

= 0.85 + 0.15 [40/45.7 -3]
= 0.53

l=1

qz = 779.68 N/m2

Gh = 0.53

Design wind force (FST) = qz Gh (EPA)S

= 779.68 0.53 2.35
= 972.33 N
Clause 2.6.9

Design wind force (Fw) = FST + FA + FG

Since there is no Antennas and guys on this section
FA & FG = 0
Therefore (Fw) = 972.33 N

Fw = 0.97 kN

Reference

Description

Results

Section 2 & 3

Total length of 75758 sections = 2000 4

=8m
Total length of 50505 sections = 4 (2828 + 2000)
= 19.312 m
Solid Area = (8 0.075) + (19.312 0.05)
= 1.5656 m2
Total Area of the Section 1 = 2 4
= 8 m2
Solidity Ratio () = 1.5656/8
= 0.196
Clause
2.6.9.1

Design wind force (FST) = qz Gh (EPA)S

= 0.196

(EPA)S = Cf Df Af
Clause
2.6.9.1.1

where
For Square Cross sections, Cf = 4.02 - 5.9 + 4.0
= 4 0.1962 - 5.9 0.196 + 4
= 2.999

Cf = 2.999

Df = 1 (for Normal dir)

Table 2-6

Af = 1.5656 m2

Af = 1.5656 m2

(EPA)S = 3.11 Df Af
= 3.11 1 1.5656
= 4.69 m2

(EPA)S = 4.69 m2

Reference

Description

Clause 2.6.9.6

qz = 0.613Kz Kzt Kd V2 l

Clause 2.6.5.2

Kz = 2.01(z/zg)2/

Table 2-4

where
z
= 36 m (for Section 2)
= 32 m (for Section 3)
zg
= 274 m

= 9.5
Kzmin = 0.85
Hence For Section 2, Kz = 2.01(36/274)2/9.5
= 1.31 > 0.85 ok
Hence For Section 3, Kz = 2.01(32/274)2/9.5
= 1.28 > 0.85 ok

Clause 2.6.6.4
Table 2-2

Results

Kzt = 1 (For Topography Category 1)

Kd = 0.85

Kz = 1.31
Kz = 1.28

Kzt = 1
Kd = 0.85

V = 33.5 m/s (For Zone 3)

Table 2-3

Importance factor (l) =1(for structure class II with wind only)

For Section 2, qz = 0.613 1.31 1 0.85 33.52 l
qz = 766.65 N/m2
For Section 3, qz = 0.613 1.28 1 0.85 33.52 l
qz = 747.87 N/m2

L=1

qz = 766.65 N/m2
qz = 747.87 N/m2

Clause 2.67.1

Gust effect factor (Gh) = 0.85 + 0.15[h/45.7-3]

= 0.85 + 0.15 [40/45.7 -3]
= 0.53

Gh = 0.53

Design wind force (FST) = qz Gh (EPA)S

For Section 2 (FST)
For Section 3 (FST)

Clause 2.6.9

= 766.65 0.53 4.69

= 1912.16 N
= 747.87 0.53 4.69
= 1865.32 N

Design wind force (Fw) = FST + FA + FG

Since there is no Antennas and guys on this section
FA & FG = 0
Therefore for Section 2 (Fw) = 1912.16 N
for Section 2 (Fw) = 1865.32 N

Reference

Description
Section 4

Total length of 10010010 sections = 6018 2

= 12.036 m
Total length of 75758 sections = 2 (3702 + 3901)
= 15.206 m
Total length of 50505 sections=2(1075+1238)+2000+2325
= 8.951 m

Fw = 1.91 kN
Fw = 1.87 kN

Results

Solid Area = (12.0360.1) + (15.2060.075) + (8.9510.05)

= 2.7916 m2
Total Area of the Section 4 = 6 (2 + 2.65)/2
= 13.95 m2
Solidity Ratio () = 2.7916/13.95
= 0.2
= 0.2
Clause 2.6.9.1
Clause 2.6.9.1.1

Design wind force (FST) = qz Gh (EPA)S

(EPA)S = Cf Df Af
where
For Square Cross sections, Cf = 4.02 - 5.9 + 4.0
= 4 0.22 - 5.9 0.2 + 4
= 2.98
Cf = 2.98

Df = 1 (for Normal dir)

Table 2-6

Af = 2.7916 m2
(EPA)S = 3.07 Df Af
= 3.07 1 2.7916
= 8.32 m2

Af = 2.7916 m2

(EPA)S = 8.3 m2
Reference

Description

Clause 2.6.9.6

qz = 0.613Kz Kzt Kd V2 l

Clause 2.6.5.2

Kz = 2.01(z/zg)2/

Table 2-4

Results

where
z
= 27 m
zg
= 274 m

= 9.5
Kzmin = 0.85
Hence For Section 2, Kz = 2.01(27/274)2/9.5
= 1.23 > 0.85 ok

Kzt = 1 (For Topography Category 1)

Kd = 0.85

Kz = 1.23

Kzt = 1
Kd = 0.85

Clause 2.6.6.4
V = 33.5 m/s (For Zone 3)
Table 2-2
Importance factor (l) =1(for structure class II with wind only)

Table 2-3

For Section 2, qz = 0.613 1.23 1 0.85 33.52 l

qz = 721.6 N/m2

l=1

qz = 721.6 N/m2

Clause 2.67.1

Gust effect factor (Gh) = 0.85 + 0.15[h/45.7-3]

= 0.85 + 0.15 [40/45.7 -3]
= 0.53

Gh = 0.53

Design wind force (FST) = qz Gh (EPA)S

= 719.24 0.53 8.32
= 3188.78 N
Clause 2.6.9

Design wind force (Fw) = FST + FA + FG

Since there is no Antennas and guys on this section
FA & FG = 0
Therefore for Section 2 (Fw) = 3188.78 N

Reference

Description
Section 5

Fw = 3.19 kN

Results

Total length of 10010010 sections = 12035 2

= 24.07 m
Total length of 75758 sections = 2 (7018 + 6705)
= 27.446 m
Total length of 50505 sections
=2*(735 + 1563 + 1470 + 1787 + 735 + 899 + 1678 + 1798
+1827 + 899) +3300 + 2650
= 32.732 m
Solid Area = (24.070.1) + (27.4460.075) + (32.7320.05)
= 6.1 m2
Total Area of the Section 5 = 12 (3.951 + 2.65)/2
= 39.606 m2
Solidity Ratio () = 6.1/39.606
= 0.15
Clause 2.6.9.1
Clause
2.6.9.1.1

Design wind force (FST) = qz Gh (EPA)S

(EPA)S = Cf Df Af
where
For Square Cross sections, Cf = 4.02 - 5.9 + 4.0
= 4 0.152 - 5.9 0.15 + 4
= 3.19

Reference
Table 2-6

Description

Cf = 3.19
Results

Df = 1 (for Normal dir)

Df = 1

Af = 6.1 m2

Af = 6.1 m2

(EPA)S = Cf Df Af
= 3.19 1 6.1
= 19.44 m2

(EPA)S = 19.4m2

Clause 2.6.9.6

qz = 0.613Kz Kzt Kd V2 l

Clause 2.6.5.2

Kz = 2.01(z/zg)2/

Table 2-4

= 0.15

where
z
= 18 m
zg
= 274 m

= 9.5
Kzmin = 0.85

Hence For Section 5, Kz = 2.01(18/274)2/9.5

= 1.13 > 0.85 ok

Clause 2.6.6.4
Table 2-2

Kzt = 1 (For Topography Category 1)

Kd = 0.85

Kz = 1.13

Kzt = 1
Kd = 0.85

V = 33.5 m/s (For Zone 3)

Table 2-3

Importance factor (l) =1(for structure class II with wind only)

For Section 5, qz = 0.613 1.13 1 0.85 33.52 l
qz = 662.56 N/m2

Clause 2.67.1

Gust effect factor (Gh) = 0.85 + 0.15[h/45.7-3]

= 0.85 + 0.15 [40/45.7 -3]
= 0.53

l=1

qz = 662.56 N/m2

Gh = 0.53

Design wind force (FST) = qz Gh (EPA)S

= 662.56 0.53 19.44
= 6843.11 N
Clause 2.6.9

Design wind force (Fw) = FST + FA + FG

Since there is no Antennas and guys on this section
FA & FG = 0
Therefore for Section 5 (Fw) = 6843.11 N

Fw = 6.84 kN

Referenc
e

Description

Results

Section 6

Total length of 12012010 sections = 12010 2

= 24.02 m
Total length of 75758 sections = 2 (7763 + 7360)
= 30.25 m
Total length of 50505 sections
=2(1226+1962+2451+1912+1226+1062+1886+2125+1793+1063
)
= 33.412 m
Solid Area = (24.020.12) + (30.250.075) + (33.4120.05)
= 56.82 m2
Total Area of the Section 6 = 12 (3.951 + 5.25)/2
= 55.2 m2
Solidity Ratio () = 6.82/55.2
= 0.12
Clause 2.6.9.1
Clause 2.6.9.1.1

Design wind force (FST) = qz Gh (EPA)S

(EPA)S = Cf Df Af

= 0.12

Referenc
e
Table 2-6

where
For Square Cross sections, Cf = 4.02 - 5.9 + 4.0
= 4 0.122 - 5.9 0.12 + 4
= 3.35
Description

Cf = 3.35

Df = 1 (for Normal dir)

Df = 1

Af = 6.82 m2

Af =6.82 m2

(EPA)S = Cf Df Af
= 3.35 1 6.82
= 22.85 m2

(EPA)S =
22.85m2

Clause 2.6.9.6

qz = 0.613Kz Kzt Kd V2 l

Clause 2.6.5.2

Kz = 2.01(z/zg)2/

Table 2-4

Clause 2.6.6.4
Table 2-2

Results

where
z
=6m
zg
= 274 m

= 9.5
Kzmin = 0.85
Hence For Section 5, Kz = 2.01(6/274)2/9.5
= 0.9 > 0.85 ok

Kz = 0.9

Kzt = 1 (For Topography Category 1)

Kzt = 1

Kd = 0.85

Kd = 0.85

V = 33.5 m/s (For Zone 3)

Table 2-3

Importance factor (l) =1(for structure class II with wind only)

For Section 6, qz = 0.613 1.13 1 0.85 33.52 l
qz = 660.77 N/m2

Clause 2.67.1

Gust effect factor (Gh) = 0.85 + 0.15[h/45.7-3]

= 0.85 + 0.15 [40/45.7 -3]
= 0.53 (0.85 0.53 1.00) hence ok
Design wind force (FST) = qz Gh (EPA)S
= 526.27 0.53 22.85
= 538.38 N

Clause 2.6.9

Design wind force (Fw) = FST + FA + FG

Since there is no Antennas and guys on this section
FA & FG = 0

l=1

qz = 660.77
N/m2

Gh = 0.53

Therefore for Section 5 (Fw) = 538.38 N

Fw = 0.54 kN