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 1959-1985 .
. . 1959-1985. , 1986.
,
.

LXXVIII.

LXXIX.

LXXX.

LXXXL 1-4.

LXXXII.

LXXX1II.
LXXXIV.

LXXXV.

LXXXVI.

, . , .
, ., . ...
., 1987.
- - (
). . . ,
. , . . ... , 1987.
. . (). . , . . .. ... ,
1987.

(1149-1169). . , . ,
. . ... 4- .
. 1. . , 1987.
. 2. , . . (. 1-7). , 1987.
. 3. , . . (. 8-12). , 1989.
. 4. , ., . (. 13-20). , 1989.
,
( - ). . , .
. ... , 1987.
'' - ( ). . , . , ., . ... ., 1993.
' ' -. - (
). . . , , , , .
... ., 1988.
. - ( ) -
( ). . , ., . - . ... ., 1989.
. ( ). .
, . . ... , 1990 (Bibliotheca
Buddhica. XXXV).

LXXXVII.

LXXXVIII.
LXXXIX.

XCI.
.

XCIV.

XCV.
XCVI.

XCVII.
XCVIII.

XCIX.

.
.

CIV.
CV, 1.
CV, 2.
CVI.

. . , , , . , .
. ... ., 1990.
(). . , . . ... ., 1989 (Bibliotheca Buddhica. XXXVI).
". ( ), ("). . , ,
. ... ., 1989.
-. .
, . , . . ... ,
1990 (Bibliotheca Buddhica. XXXVII).
. . (). . , . . .. ... ., 1990.
- . ('-
). . , . . ... ,
1990.
.
. ., , ., .,
... , 1991.
. (). . . .., . .. ... ., 1992.
' ( ). . 1208 . . , ., . . ... , 1990.
. . . , . . ... ., 1991.
'- ( ). . .
, . .. ... . .. ... . .
... ., 1997.
. ( ).
1. . . , . . ... ., 1991 (Bibliotheca Buddhica. XXXVIII).
. (). . , ., . . ... ., 1992.
. ., ., ... ., 1993 (Bibliotheca Buddhica.
XXXIX).
- -. ( ). . , . . ... ., 1992.
. ., . . ... ., 1993.
'. . . , . . ... ., 1999.
- -.
(-' ' ' -'). II.

VII.

CIX.

CXI.
.
, 1.

, 2.

CXIV.

CXV.
CXVI.

CXVII

CXVIII.
.

CXXI.

.
CXXIV.

. . , . .
... , 1997.
- -. - ( -
). . , . , . .
... , 1996.
(- -).
. , ., . .. ... , 1992.
- . ('-
' -). . , . . ... , 2000.
. . . , ,
. ... , 1993.
. . . , , , .
. ... ., 1995.
( ). 1. .
, ., . . ... ., 1997.
( ). 2.
. , ., . . ...
. (- -
). () .
... ., 1997.
(). . . , , ., ... ., 1998.
XIII-XIV .
. . 4. . .., ..,
.. ... . ... .. ...
. .
, . , , ., .
... ., 2000.
-, . . ,
., ., . ... ., 1999.
( -
-). . , . . .,
..
( ). .
. , , . ..- . .., . . ...
. . . , ., .,
. . .., ...
( ). . , . . ...

CXXV, 1.
CXXV, 2.
CXXVI.

CXXXI.

. ( ). . I. . , . . ...
. ( ). . II. . , . . ...
.
( ) . ., , . . ...
(
). 8- . . 1. . ..,
... ., , . . .., .. .., ..,
...
-. . ( ). .
, ., . . ...

...

1.
16
2.
3.
4.
5.

-. -
I
1
2
II
1
2
.
III
1
2
IV
1
2
V
1
2

10
20
20
40
60
79
114
137
143
144
178
191
231
259
291
328
357
376
396

405

Summary

485
488
489
498
502

,
- . ( ..1)
( 2). ( 3), (- , - 4). ,
- 5.
(XVII .), ,
6.

, (nyya), . , ..
, , ,
, , , ,
1

. [, 1995, . I].
. [, 1998], 1990 ., , [, 1994], , .
3
, 1992.
4
, 1995; , 1997.
5
, 1983; , 1985. .. - .
6
, 1989.
2

10

, , . , , ,
, : ,
,
, .
,

.

-,
,
,
, 7,
, , . -,

,
, , , .
, , ,
,

,
- . ,

.
,

-
7

, .
11

.
,
,
.



, 16
, :
,
. , ,

16 . 16 , , -
. , ,
16 ,
.
. , , . , , , -, . , , , 8
.
, 1888 . - ; 1892 . - , - , , 1894 . , - . ..
(1906), ,
(1909) [, 1995, . II]. [, 1930-1932].

12

, .
-, 16 ,
, ,
-.
-
. .,
, , 16 ,
,
. -
,
,
,
.

. , ( ); .
-,
-
(IX .) 9. 1995 .
17 - 10, ,
( , ),
9
[-,
1920, . 1-26].
10
. [EIPh,1995,T.I,c. 192].

13

- . : The Nyyadarsana: The Stras of Gautama

and Bhsya of Vtsyyana with Two Commentaries. Ed. by
M.Gangnatha Jh and Dhundhirja Shastri Nyyopdhyya. Benares, 1925 (Chowkhamba Sanskrit Series 281 etc.) [-, , 1925]. ,
( ) , .
, , , . -
, - .

(1874)11,
(1896), , (1920) ,
;
,
(1966). -

- .. .. (1916) . (1997) - .. (1925) . (1996)12.

;
. ,

, ( ) .
,
11

,
. .
12
-, 1874; -, -, 1896; -, 1920;
-, 1966; , 1916; , 1997; ,
1925-1926; , 1996.
14


13

, ,

14.
,
,
( ).
( )
, ,
, , , , , ,
.., (
)
(
) (
) .
, ,
, ,
,
15.
, -
,
( ) .
1. , (
..), , (
13
. [ , 1997, . 45; , 1997, . 27-28]
.
14
, , , . [ElPh, 1982, . III].
.. [, 1930-1932, . 2].
15


[ , 1997, . 105-110].

15

. )? , ,
- ( ), , . , , , ,
, , . , .,
, ,

,
. ,
,

(,
) ( ) .
2.
(
.) (
-
.)?
. , ..
. , (
, ), . , ( 16
, jntr , dravya ,
bhutni , arm , samyoga
, samavya ).

: buddhi ,
16

, ,
, ( ), , (buddhi /?/.),
( ), , ,
. dharma,
, , , , : , ,
,
.
3.
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. , ,
, , , , , , . , - -
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.
, ,
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, ; .

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,
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1

16
1.16 (padrtha)
(pramna), (), (samsaya), / (prayojana), (drtnta), (siddhnta), (avayava),
(tarka), (nirnaya), (vda), (jalpa), (vitanda), (chala), (hetvbhsa), (jti)
(nigrahasthna) ,
7 ( -) , 9 ,
25 75 . - ,
.
16 . (1823
1824)1, . (1834)2
1

, ,
( ) 14 ,
, .
[, 1833, . 51-52].
2
. [, 1834, . 1908]. ,
, , .
20

 1. 16

. (1850)3; - ,
. (1908)4, . (1913)5, . (1922)6,
. (1925)7, . (1932)8, . (1971)9
. (1984)10, , . (1976)11
. (1984)12, 1 .
. , .
(1899)
16 16 , , , , ( ); . (1917)
; . (1923) 16 , , ;
.- (1923) , . . (1939) 16
3

. [, 1992, . 76].
, , padrtha
Kategorie, Hauptstck Rubrik, , ,
. . [, 1908, . 361-362].
5
. padrtha [-, 1913, . 1].
6
, (. . 4), categories (. logical categories)
subjects [, 1922-1955, . I, . 294, 302].
7
, ,

[, 1925, . 144].
8
, 1976, . 245.
9
, 1971, . 171-172.
10
. [, 1984, . 1].
, .
11
. [, 1976, . 34, 43]; ,
(. ),
, , , .
12
16 [, 1984, . XII].
13
, .
, [,
1961, . 282].
4

21

. . (1953), , 16 ,
( , ,
XIX . .-); . (1978) , , , , ;
.. (1982) ;
. (1989) 14.
, , ,
. ,

, -
. , ,
, , ( . . . 14)
, ..
-
, . ,
,
.
2. pada + artha ( pada + attha) , . , - (II . ..)
14

16
: [ , 1899, . 491-492; , 1917, . 432; , 1977, . 33-34; , , 1955, . 166-167; -, 1923, . 191; , , 1953,
. 59-60; ElPh, 1978, . II, . 43; , 1989, . 39-42]. .
[-, , 1982, . XXIV]. .
: praedicabilia , ( , , ..) .
22

 . 16

pada + artha, , (III .

..). ,
,

, , ,

( 1.2.64, . 1.242.11-13)15. , ( 36-52),
:
.
, ,
, ,
(1.246.15-18)16.
pada +
artha (sabda + artha) .
- (.2.6568), , , pada + artha , , (.2.68). -
: , ,
(1.1.1), - . VVI . ( XX . ,
, ), padrtha
15
[, 1878-1885]; , ,
.
16

[, 1976, . 257]. , , [,
1938]. padrtha
... .
[, 1998, . 92-105].

23

17.
, , -, , , .
(
XX ) 18, 19 -20 ,
,
,
, , ( ) .
.
, ,
, . , (dravya), (guna),
(karma), (smnya), (visea) (samavya). (V-VI .), 17

(. [ElPh, 1995, . I, . 1 5 0 5 - 1 5 0 6 et al.]), , ,

. , ,
padrtha , XVII . ( 2 ) ( . ) , .
18
., , [, 1956, . 3 0 - 3 1 ; , 1962, . 125; ,
, 1969, . 8 3 ; , 1995, . 4 1 ] .
19
., , [, 1961, . 2 8 1 ; , 1963, . 106; , 1987, . 2 1 9 ; , 1992, . 1 9 2 ] .
20
., , [, 1975, . 6 1 ; , 1976, . 2 5 ; , 1 9 8 1 ,
. 31; , 1995, . 125-126].
24

 1. 16

, (sakti), (asakti), -
(smnyavisea) (abhva) ,
(
), . , (
) , .
,
(254-260)21.
, .
(VII .),
(, ,
) (bhva), a . (abhva) ,
(
, ,
,
, , ,
). ( ),
,
,
: (paratantrat), (sakti),
(sadrsya) (samkhy).
, , ,
, , ,
,
(
21

. [, 1970, . 377-386].
25

). ,
,
. ,
- (XIII-XIV .)
( , ) (visita), (amsin)
.

, , , -
, ,
. , ,
, , .
,
.. (V-VI .) (1.2), (VIIVIII .)
, ,
pancavidhakalpan [].
, --- ( ), ,
, ,
,
. (nma):
(nmakalpan), (jtikalpan), (gunakalpan), (karmakalpan), (dravyakalpan).
, .
: (vidhi), (anupalabdhi), (tdtmya) (tadutpatti). , ,
26

 1. 16

, , : , , ,
. ,
, , 23.
XXVIII
. - ( I-II . ..),
.
: (clravya), (guna)
().
:
; , ,
[ ] (. 6). -, ,
- .
(. 14): (jva), - (ajva), (bandha), (punya),
(papa), (srava), (samvara), (nirjar)
(moka).
,
, . ,
22

. [ 1930-1932, . 1, . 252-254, 259-262].

, ,
, (
--). (., , [, 1997, . 134, 150 .]).
23

27

,
.
,
, , ..
IV . ..,
, XX . .
,
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)
, :
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. (,
, )
-24.
24
, , , . 25 ,
23 (-, -,
5 , 5 -, - )
(23 ), ,
.
,
, (kla), (prna)
(citta), . , 30
( .31-42). (
(siva), (kundaHn),
(my), , .. (pasu), (psa)
), -,

28

 1. 16

3. 16

( , ), (
, ) .

. ,
()
(XII .)

. , , : -
, .
,
(
). , ,
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- ); ,
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,

.
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30
, (bindu), (nda), (snta) (atta), ( 11.43).
,
, ( ).
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;
25.
,
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,
26.
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27
.


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25

[, 1976, . 49].
, 1976, . 51-52.
27
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26

30

 1. 16

( . ).


: , ,
. , . ,
;
; ,
;
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28.
28

, ,
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31

4. , 16
,
- . , -
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16 ,
( 1) ( 2),
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( 3), ( 4) . ,
,
( 5), .

( 6), .
(7),
, . , , ,
( 8) , ,
( 9) . , , ,
,
(astitva), (jneyatva) (abhidheyatva), ,
(XII .),
(. [, 1917, . 224; , 1994, . 1-3; , 1893, . 9 10; ElPh, 1978, . II, . 523]). ,
- ( , ).
32

 1. 16

( 10), ( 11), , ( 12), ,

. ( 13),
, ( 14),

. ( 15). , , , ( 16).
, - 16 ,
,
( , , ),
(), (-),
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(. ). : 1) ,
, ; 2) ( , , , ) .
44 (III.8.27-65), - , 22 , ,
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16 32 -
tantra-yukti (, ) , - ( 65.3),
(1- .), , 2 . , ( ,
) ,
,
(adhikarana), (vidhna),
(yoga),
(uddesa), (nirdesa),
. (atidesa), .
(pradesa), (upamna),
(nidarsana),
,
(samsaya), (anumata), (svasamjn) ..30.
, , , , ,
.
.
, - -
( . . 2,
29
., , , [, 1924-1925, . III, . 241-247].
30
-
.. . [,
1984].

34

 1. 16

1) .
. .
5. , -
-, - padrtha ,
(. 2). .
16 .
1. ( , , ) ,
- , ,
[] (sacca khalu
odsadh vyudhamupadekyate).
2. (1.1.1),
(. 1), : ... (Tsm khalvsm
sadvidhnm...).
3. ,
, , ,
16 , : (vidymnrthh), [ ], (tantrrtha).
4. , ,
14 , ,

, ,
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35

, (nvkik)31,
(prthakprasthnh).
14 ,
, , .
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; ,
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6. -
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16 , .
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31

(1.2) [, 1924-1925, . I, . 16-18].
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36

 I. 16

, , ( par
excellance), ,
16,
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, . . [,
1941].
33
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. . [, 1992, . 77].
38

 1. 16

. ,

( -), , .
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20
. . [, 1997].
2
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3
, . [, 1994,
. 192-194,229-236].
40

 2.

. ,
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1. , , .
, ,
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(
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4

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41

( , -)5.
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(XII .), (XVII.75). , -,
(V.263).
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6.
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( )
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, ,
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(I.77.5)7, (1.77.11),
, (1.88.4).

,
. - : ,
, (I11.2829, 39; .5), - ,
, 5

-, 1913, e.V.
, 1858, . 112.
7
[, 1989, . 78, 94].

42

 2.

(IV.4). , , ,

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(V.3-10),

, (V.11-17).
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.
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(1.48).

(Drghatapas), (XI.33-34).
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( 1910- ) (. ), , ,
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.; , , .
43

,
( ), ,
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, , (. ), I . .. , ,
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10.
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.
:
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:
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)
, , (XII.261-263).
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11.
9

-, 1913, . VI.
, . VIII-IX.
11
, , XIIXIII .,

, (. 10).
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44

 2.

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12
VIII.29 ( ); . [, 1995,
. 340]. - , .
- X . , , .81 : , ? , ,
(): , ? (. [, 1972, . 257]).
,
, , , [, 1992, . 124-126], - .

45


, , , , .

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13
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13

-
[, 1994,
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46

 2.

,
, -
vkovkya (VIL 1.2, 4; 2.1; 7.1). (VII-VIII .) 14, (. ),
,
, ,
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vkovkya , ,
,
, ,
.
,
(prasnin),
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, , ,
16.
14

: Vakovkyam tarkasstram [, 1850, . 476].

-
[, 1974,
. 112-113].
16
.,
, ( , -), , , [, 1908, . 362-363]. , , ,
, , .
, ,
, : , .
, , .
, ... , ,
() [, , 1998, . 60].
15

47

nyya , , -,
, . ( ) :
, ( ),
, nyya , ,
(XXIV. 1-5),
, 17. , , ,
, -
(1.2) (smrti),
(pratyaka), (aitihya) (anum).
(pramna), ,
, (- 1.1.3).
. (V . ..). , I . .. , ,
,
. , ,
( )
18,
,
. 17
. [-, 1904-1913, . III, . 185].
nyya , , , (.3.122). nyyasiddha , , , .. IVII . .. . [, 1987, . 106].
18
. [,
1994, . 52-54].

48

 2.

, ,
( ), (- ), , ,
, ( )9. , , ,

,
.
vkovkya
lokyata (, ), , , ( ..),
,
, , , , (, ) , 32 , . 20. , , ,
. ,
, - -, , ,
19
( ),
. [, 1997, . 34-50].
20
, , -: - -. .: - 1.8788, 135 (
Pali Text Society: , ).

49

, : ,
( ) , ( ) , 21.
, -,
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, ,
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, , , , 23.
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 2.

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 2.

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 2.

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64

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 3.

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69

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70

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74

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76

 3.

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80

 4.

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82

 4.

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83

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84

 4.

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86

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 4.

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 4.

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232

 IL 2

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234

 II. 2

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 IL 2

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237

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 II. 2

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anupalambht
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(21)
240

 II. 2

Anupalambhtmakatvdanupalabdherahetuh
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241

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242

 II. 2

, [ ] (.2.30) 1 (31).
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Tadabhve nstyananyat tayoritaretarpekasiddheh
,
, , [ ]
-.
, ,
? [ ]
. , []: ...
" (.2.31) (32).
. []
[] (33)
Vinsakrannupalabdheh
, , , , , [] [] []
. ,
. . (33).
. [], -, (34)
Asravanakrannupalabdheh satatasravanaprasangah
[] [], ,
-, [] , [ ].
. [,] - ?
. [ ] [
] . [ ], , [ ] ,
. [ ]
[], (34).
[]
(35)
243

-. -

Upalabdhyamne cnupalabdherasattvaanapadesah
, [] , [ ] [] , [
] [ ]: , 1.
. , [ ]?
. []. [] , , [] ,
, .. [] - [] -,

[ ]. ,
, ,
, .
,

, .
[] [] , []
, - , [] [].
, []
2. , [ , ] [], ,
, ,
[]
[ ]. , ,
[ ]
, , [ ], (35).
. [ ]
, , .
.
[ ], [] (36)
Pninimittapraslecchabdbhave nnupalabdhih
, , , . ,
[]
[ ] , [] ,
244

 II. 2

, ,
[] [ ] . , , . . ,
[ ], [ ] (36).
[, ] [] ,
[] (37)
Vinsakrannupalabdhescvasthne tannityatvaprasangah
, [ ], -, , [] . ,
; ; [, ] ; []. .
[] ,
[, , ]
[] (37).
. , [ ], , ,
[ ], [
] . [, ] ,

, [
]1.
. [, ], [] (38)
Asparsatvdapratiedhah
[ ],
,
[ ] .
, ,
[] , [ ]

1 (38).
, ,
.., . ?
245

-. -

[ ]
(39)
Vibhaktyantaropapattesca samse
[ ]
. .. , [ ] , , .. , , . ,
, [] ,
, .
[ ] , [],
[ ]. [] , , .. 1 (39).
[ ]
.
[] 1
[]
(40)
Vikrdesopadestsamsayah
[] dadhyatrd [
], / , , , . , , [ ] , [ ]
, / ,
. -. ,
.
2.

[] 3. [] - , , . [ ] ,
.
246

 . 2

, [] ,
[ ], , . / ,
,
. , [] .
[ ]
.
: / jKHe [] ,
[] yatate, yacchati, pryamsta ikra idam,
, [ ] i$ty
dadhyhara1. . , [] 5.
[] []
[ ]. ,
i [ ] . ?
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, [ ] , .
, ,
.
[] . / im
,
[], .
,
. [ ] .
[], . [, ] [] ^s[] 4kh AbrVrac6
, []-
, ,
, [] []
(40).
:
(41)
Prakrtivivrddhau vikravrddheh
,
1, [] 247

-. -

[ /],
2 (41).
. [ ] ,
, (42)
Nyunasamdhikopalabdhervikrnmahetuh
,
[ ]1.

[ ] (42).
. (43)
Dvividhasypi hetorabhvdasdhanam drtntah
, 1. , : , .
. , , ,
, /, [] .
, , ,
(43).


(44)
Na atulyaprakrtnm vikravikalpt
[ ] , [] . [] L ,
[] 1 (44).
. [ ]
(45)
Dravyavikre vaiamyavad varnavikravikalpah
[ ]
.
(45).
. (46)
Na vikradharmnupapatteh
248

 II. 2

: ,
, .
[], - , [], i
. , / 1 (46).
:
(47)
Vikraprptnmapunarpatteh
[ ]
. ? [] , [ ]1.
, / [] , (47).
. ,
(48)
Suvarndmm punarpatterahetuh
, [] . :
, , , , .
i9 /(48).
. .
, [ ], :
, , , , ?

,
[ ] (49)
Na tadvikrnm suvarnabhvvyatirekt
[ ]
[ ] . [ ] ,
[] / .
[, ] (49).
249

-. -

. ,
(50)
Varnatvvyatirekdvarnavikrnmapratiedhah
[]
, (50).
. , , [] (51)
Smnyavato dharmayogo na smnyasya
, . []
yl ,
.
[], /[]
(51).
:
, ,
, (52)
Nityatve 'vikrdanityatve cnavasthnt
, [ ], , , , ,
, . , ?! , ,
. ? , , , [ ] . , , ,
, , , , . []
[] ?! [
] ,
1 (52).
. [ ] [] :
,
[] [] , [ ]
[] (53)
Nitynmatmdriyatvttaddharmavikalpcca
varnavikrnm
apratiedhah
, [] , [ ]. 250

 II. 2

, , ,
, [] - ,
.
. [ ] ,
. , []
, . , .
, ,
, . , , [ ] , (53).
. [
] [] :
[]
, (54)
Anavasthyitve varnopalabdhivattadvikropapattih
,
.
. [] [] , .
, , , , , ,
..,
[] [] . [ ] , / , 1, , i, [ ], y [ ]. ,
(54).
[ ] [], , ,
(55)
Vikradharmitve nityatvbhvt klntare vikropapattes
cpratiedhah
[] [ ]:
[ ] ... (.2.53) .
251

-. -

, , []: ...
" (.2.54)
. dadhyatra
dadhi aura.
, /,
-?!
,
(55).
:
[] (56)
Prakrtyaniyamdvarnavikrnm
[] i9 ,
[ ] vidJiyatin vidhiyat.
[] ,
[] ,
[] [ ] (56).
. [] [] (57)
Aniyame niyamnnniyamah
, ,
, [] , [ ]
[ ] .
[] . []:
(57).
. [ ] []
(58)
Niyamniyamavirodhdaniyame niyamccpratiedhah
[] ,
.
[] , . [] , [] [-] . ? ,

, .
252

 II. 2

, : ... [] (.2.57), (58).

[ ]
, - . [ ]?
[]
, , , , (59)
Gunntarpattyupamardahrsavrddhilesasleebhyastu
vikropapattervarnavikrh
[ ] , .
[]
[] .. , ,
. []. [] . , [] as
stahx. .
, . , [ ] (59).
[ ]
[ ]
[ ] (60)
vibhaktyanth padam
, 1. :
. , [ ] brhmana pacati.
. []
?! , [] 2.
. ,
, [ ] , .
(60).
[] ,
.
, [] ,
, (61)
253

-. -

Vyaktykrtijtisannidhvupcrtsamsayah
. []
[] , ,
, , [ ]
[] (61).
[
] . :
. [ ] ,
[ ]
, , , , , ,
, , (62)
Ysabdasamuhatygaparigrahasankhyvrddhyapacayavarnasamsnubandhn vyaktvupacrdvyaktih
L
. ?
. .
, , [
], [] [] . [] ,
, [ ] . []
[] , , [], ,
, []. : , ; [ ] ,
. 10 , 20
[} , , [ ] . , , : ,
. .
, ;
[ ] , . [], ,
[]
.., . : , []
[]
, , [ ]
254

 II. 2

. ,
1 (62).
:
, (63)
Na tadanavasthnt
. ? . , . []: , ,
[] .
[ ]? [] .
. ..1 (63).
. , ?
. [
] [ ]
. ,
[
] [ ] , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , (64)
Sahacaranasthnatdarthyavrttamanadhranasampyayogasdhandhipatyebhyo brhmanamancakatarjasaktucandanagangstaknnapuruevatadbhve 'pi tadupacrah
... ,
. : ! . : ! , . :
, : . : ,
, .
: , . : , . :
. : , .
255

-. -

: . : . ,
, []
, [ ] (64).
. ,

,
[] (65)
krtistadapekatvt sattvavyavasthnasiddheh
. ? [] . ,
.
[] : , , .
,
, .
. , []
1 , .
[ ].
? , .
(65).
.
, , []
.. (66)
Vyaktykrtiyukte 'pyaprasangt prokandnm mrdgavake
jtih
. ?
[] .. ! ! ! . ? [] [].
, ,
,
[] (66).
. ,
(67)
Nkrtivyaktyapekatvjjtyabhivyakteh
256

 . 2

.
,
. , [ ] (67).
, ? ?
[] , , (68)
Vyaktykrtijtayastu padrthah
. ?
, , [
] , . [ ]
[ ] [] , , .
, [] 1, , .
.
2 (68).
, , ?
.
,
(69)
Vyaktirgunavisesrayo murtih
, , , [] 1.
,
, , , , ,
, [ ]
(69).
[] []
(70)
krtirjtilingkhy
,
. ,
[] .
, , [] : []
.
9-1709

257

-. -

. , [ ] ,
, ,
(70).
, [] (71)
Samnaprasavtmik jtih
[ ] , []
. , [] [] [], .
, [] [ ], 1 (71).

 III

[ ]

. ,
[ ] [] 1: , , -, ,
? [] ? 2. , [ ], .
[ ] : []

[]:
, . : , ,
, . , []
.. [ ]
[].
[ , ] [].
?
(1)
Darsanasparsanbhymekrthagrahant
, , [, , ]: , ,
, , , .
[] , [] [ ] 1. ,
, []
[], 259

-. -

, , [].
[ ]
[] ?

, , , , .
[ ]
[ ] ?
[], []
[ ]
[], .
?
[]
, (1).
1. (2)
Na viayavyavasthnt
[] .
? . : , , .

, [] 2. .
. , , [ ]
. , ?
. . ,

,
[] , ,
[] . . ,
[]
(2).
, []
, [] (3)
260

 III. 1

Tadvyavasthndevtmasadbhvdapratiedhah

, ,
[] ? []
, , ,
, [] . , [], , , .
: , , , . , , ,
, , , [] ,
.
1.
,
, [] , .
:
. , , (3).
[ ]

:
, [ , ] (4)
Sarradhe ptakbhvt
[] , , - , ,
, [ ] .
[] [] [] , [] . [ ],
, ,
261

-. -

, . [ ]
[] ,
.
[ ]. , , , [] , , , . ,
1. ,
,
[] , 2. ,
, []
. [ , ], . , [ ]
(4).
. []
[] , (5)
Tadabhvah stmakapradhe 'pi tannityatvt
, , , . ? .
, . , .
, []1 (5).
. , (6)
Na krysrayakartrtvadht
, , , , , , ..
, 1. ,
, , .
[] , . []:
[] [] , , , ,
,
2.
262

 III. 1

[ ]

. [ ], .
, -, , -.
, [ ]
, , . ,
[] []. , , , . ,
. (6).
[ ]
:
[] (7)
Savyadrtasyetarena pratyabhijnnt
:
, [] , .
, []: , , [ ]. []
, [] , [] , .
, 1 (7).
. , [ ] - (8)
Naikasminnssthivyavahite dvitvbhimnt
. [ , ] ,
[]1 (8).
. ,
(9)
Ekavinse dvityvinsnnaikatvam
, [] , [] .
[ ] [ ] (9).
263

-. -

. ,
(10)
Avayavanse 'pyavayavyupalabdherhetuh
[ ] ,
. ? , - , [ ]
1.
. ,
()
Drtntavirodhdapratiedhah
,
[]. ,
, , , ,
, .
, -, . , , , . ,
[] , .
, -, [] ,
[ ], , ,

, [] .
,
,
. [] [ ]. [ ] [ ] . [] [ ] (11).
,
[]:
(12)
Indriyntaravikrt
- [ ]
, ,
[] .
, ,
(12).
264

 HL 1

. ,
(13)
Na smrteh smarttavyaviayatvt
, , [] . . [] ,
[] (13).
. ,
(14)
Tadtmagunasadbhvdapratiedhah
[] ,
[ ] 1.
, [ ,
] , .
,
, .
. , ,
, [], , []
. , .
[] .
,
[], .
[ ] ,
[] . : , (III. 1.13). , ,
[ ]: , , , [] : 1) ,
[ ]; 2) [ ];
3) [ ]; 4) . ,
, . ,
265

-. -

[]. ? , ,
[ ]: ,
, [ ] ... ,
.
.... , [ ...].
: , ...2. , ,
,
, . , [ ] .
[], , [ ] ,
[] [ , ]: ,
[] .
[ ]
. [
] , []. [] :
, , ,
[],
. , []
, .
, , , ,
,
[] . []
[ ]: [],
[] [] .
, [],
,
[] [ ],
(14).
[ -]
. , , [] , - (15)
Ntmapratipattihetunm manasi sambhavt
, . ? , []
, -. , , , : 266

 III. 1

(III. 1.1), ,
. , [ ]
, , (15).
. [ ]
, [ ]
(16)
Jnturjnnasdhanopapatteh samjnbhedamtram
, []
, , . ,

, [ ] . , , , , [] , .
[] , .
[ - ]
[] . ,
, ,
, , [] []
1 (16).
[]
(17)
Niyamasca niranumnah
, [] , ,
, , [ ]
, []
. ..
, .., []
[ ] .
, [ ] , , [ ]
, [ ] . [ ] [ ], [ ] . -
[ ] 267

-. -

. [] [ ]:
[]1. []:
, [] ,
- (17).
[ ]
[], ,
? [] ? , [ ]
. [] , , [ ]
.
[] , [] . ?
,
(18)
Purvbhyastasmrtyanubandhjjtasya harabhayasokasampratipatteh
, ,
[ ] [] ,
[] [ ]. [ ]
, . .
, . ,
[] (18).
. [
] , [ ] (19)
Padmdiu prabodhasamlanavikravattadvikrah
[] ,
, .
. , . .
[] .
268

 III. 1

[ ]
[ ].
, ,
[]. , [
] . , [] ,
[]. , [] ?! (19).
. ,
[] [] ?
.
, [] , , (20)
Na unastavarklanimittatvt panctmakavikrnm
[ ]
[, ] , .., ,
,
. ,
.., []
. , [. ]
[ ] . [
] ,
, .. []
1 (20).
:
(21)
Pretyhrbhysakrtt stanybhilt
, [] , []
. [
]? , , 269

-. -

, , [] .
[] . []
, . ,
, , , . , [] (21).
.
? (22)
Ayaso 'yaskntbhigamanavattadupasarpanam
[ ] , []
[] ? (22).
.
[] ? ,
, [] (23)
Na anyatra pravrttyabhvt
[] , .. ! [-] . ,
? , . [] .
, , .
, . [ ] [] . [ ] .
, . ? , [] . . [ ], - , .
, [] [] (23).
270

 HL 1

:
, -
(24)
Vtargajanmdarsant
, [ ], , []
, .. [] [] . . , , [] . , , , , , []
, .., , [] (24).
. , ,

[] , ? (25)
Sagunadravyotpattivattadutpattih
, , [] , - [] (25).
. [] [ ] :
, [
] (26)
Na saftkalpanimittatvdrgdmm
, ,
[] , [ ]
. ? ..
. ,
[ ], ,
.
,
1 .
, , ,
[ ] , ,
271

-. -

2.
,
, . [ , ]
[] .
, , [ ] 3, , , . 4, , [] , 5. [
] [. ] , [] .
, , (26).
[ ]
, .
. , , [ ],
1. ?
. - [
] , 2. ?
[ ] ,
[ ] (27)
Prthivam gunntaropalabdheh
[ ] . ?
[ ] , [
]. , [] . []
, , , [ ]
1.
[ ], , , ,
.
[ ] .
, , [272

 III. 1

] 2.
, , , ,
[] [] (27).
. [] , , [ ] (28)
Prthivpyataijasam tadgunopalabdheh
[ ] (29)
Nihsvsocchvsopalabdhescturbhautikam
, , , (30)
Gandhakledapkavyuhvaksadnebhyah pncabhautikam
. ? []
,
[], , [],
[ ] [], ,
, , , . , , , , ,
[] []1.
. , , [ ]
(III. 1.27) (30).
. (31)
rutiprmnycca
, [ ]:
, ,
[] .
, [ ]: , : ,
[] 1.
.., [ ],
[] (31 ).
[ ]
[] 1
? [] ?
273

-. -

,
[ ] (32)
Krnasre satyupalambhd vyatiricya copalambhtsamsayah
. , , . , [] ,
[ ]. [ ]
[ ] .
[] [ ] [ ] (32).
. [] . ?
, (33)
Mahadanugrahant
, , . , , , ,
. 1. [
-] , , [] , (33).
. ,

.

(34)
Rasmyarthasannikar$avise$ttadgrahanam
[] , .
[] [].
, .., 1 (34).
. []
(35)
Tadanupalabdherahetuh
[] ,
, ?! (35).
274

 III 1

. ,
, (36)
Nnumyamnasya pratyakato 'nupalabdhirabhvahetuh

[] ,

1 (36).
(37)
Dravyagunadharmabhedccopalabdhyaniyamah
. ,
, , , ,
.
, , [] ,
. 1 (37).
[ ] [ ]:
[]
(38)
Anekadravyasamavyd rpavisecca rpopalabdhih
, , , [] -
. . . : 1) , ; 2)
, ;
3) , , ..; 4) , (38).
(39)
275

-. -

Karmakritascendriynm vyuhah pururthatantrah

,
[], ,
, , []
. [ ] , ,
, . ,
.
- .
[ ] []
[ ].
, , , []
[] . [ ],
,
[].
. [ ]
[ ] ,
. [],
, .
. . ?
[] , , , [], , , , , .. (39).
[ ] :
, (40)
Madhyandinolkpraksnupalabdhivattadanupalabdhih
: [] (III. 1.38).
, .
, -

. , ,
276

 III. 1

. [] (40).
- , , , , [
], :
, [] (41)
Na rtrvapyanupalabdheh
, [] . 1 (41).

[] ,
(42)
Bhyapraksnugrahd viayopalabdheranabhivyaktito
'nupalabdhih
,
.
, 1. , ,
. ,
(III. 1.35), (42).
[] , ?
[- ]
[ ] (43)
Abhivyaktau cbhibhavt
. ,
,
[] . ,
, [] , [] , , 1 (43).
(44)
Naktancaranayanarasmidarsanacca
,
.. [ ] .
277

-. -

. [ ]1?
. [] , [ ] [ ] (44).
. , [ ] 1. ?
[] , (45)
Aprpya grahanam kcbhrapatalasphatikntaritopalabdheh
, , , [ ] , .
[] [ - ],
.
,
[ ] . [], , , - , ,
[] ,
.
[] (45).
. (46)
Kutyntaritnupalabdherapratiedhah
[ ], (46).
. []
[ ], , ,
.
. []
(47)
Apratighttsannikaropapattih
, , , ,
[ ] (47).
,
, :
..*
, (48)
278

 III 1

dityarasmeh sphatikntarite 'pi dhye 'vightt

[ ]: , , ,
[-] . []
[ ]. .

, , . [] [ ] ,
. , , , , , . , , , , [] :
.
[] . , , ? , 1, [, -], . , , ,
, .
. , [] .
,
.. (48).
. ,
(49)

Netaretaradharmaprasangt
..
[], , , [], , [] ..,
[] (49).
. [ ]
279

-.

,
(50)
darsodakayoh prasdasvbhvyd rupopalabdhivat
tadupalabdhih
, [
].
. , , , , . , , .
.. . , ,
[ ]
, .. . [] (50).
, [ ]
(51)
Drtnumitnm niyogapratiedhnupapattih

[ ]. , , ,
, [ ]
, : ! , ,
! , , , , ,
[] , , , [],
, . ? ,
, , . . ,
[-, ]
.. , , , [],
, , ,
.
. , [, ] ,
, , ..
(51).
280

 HL 1

[ ]
[ , ]
. [] ?
,
[] [,
] (52)
Sthnnyatve nntvdavayavinnsthnatvcca samsayah
, , , , , []
. [] (52).
. ,
[] 1 (53)
Tvagavyatirekt
, .
? [] . , ,
. [] ,
.
. [
] .
[]
, , ,
. , , , , ,
, .
. , .
. , [] , ? , , , , 2,
, , .
. [] .
[], , [] , [] , , .
, 281

-. -

, , . [] 3. , []
... [ ].
,
. , , []
, [] [-] 4 (53).
[ ]
[] (54)
Na yugapadarthnupalabdheh
, , , [ ], . ,
[]
, , - .
[] ,
, .
, [ ] (54).
,
[ , ] (55)
Vipratiedhcca na tvagek
[] [ ].
[ ], [] .
, .
. , [
] , ?
. , ,
[ ] . , , ,
,
? , []
, [] ,
, -
[] .
, , ,
(55).
[], [] [] , [] :
282

 III 1

(56)
Indriyrthapancatvt
, .

[] . []
. []
[]
. []
[]
. , ,
, [] [] (56).
.
(57)
Na tadarthabahutvt
, [ ] . ?
. :
, ;
, ..; , ; ..; 1.
, [] [] [] 2 (57).
. ,
.. [ ] .. (58)
Gandhatvdyavyatirekdgandhdnmapratiedhah
.., , [ ], [] , [ ], [ ]
.. [ ]
, , , , ,
, .
. .. ..?
283

-. -

. , , , . , ,
,
,
, , []
. , , . .. . [ , ]
(58).
. [] ,

, []
(59)
Viayatvvyatirekdekatvam
.. [ ]
(59).
. , [ ] [, ] ,
(60)
Na buddhilakandhithnagatykrtipancatvebhyah1
, , , []. , [] , [], ,
.., , [ ] .
[] (III. 1.56).
[], []
. [
] , .
, .
. , , ; , , ; ; ; . [
, ] ,
, , .
284

 III 1

[] []
. , , , , . ..
[] [] .
.
, - [, ]
. , , [] [] . , , [] .
, , , , 2.
[ ]. , .
, [] ,
[] (60).
. ,
, ?
. [] (61)
Bhutagunaviseopalabdhestdtmyam

, . [] , , ,
. [
] .
[ ] ,
[] , (61).
[ ]
, .. ..
(1.1.14). ,
[] .
:
, , ,
1 (62)
Gandharasarupasparsasabdnm sparsaparyanth prthivyh
285

-. -

, [ ] ,
, (63)
ptejovyunm purvam prvamapohyksasyottarah
[ ] 1. , , , 2.
. [] -tara
[ uttara]!
. [ ] 3. , uttara
... , [] , [] [], . [] [ ], . ,
, , , (63).
. , []
1(64)
Na sarvagunnupalabdheh
. ?
. [], , ,
[] . [ ] [] (64).
. [ ]?
. [ ]1,
(65)
Ekaikasyenottarottaragunasadbhvd uttarnm
tadanupalabdhih
, , , , , , [ ] .
, , , .
. ?
. . [] []. [] (65).
286

 III 1

. , , [ , ] [-]
, , , .
. .
. ?
. (66)
Vitam hyaparam parena
[ ]
,
[ ] . [
] []
, 1 (66).
. , (67)
Na prthivpyayoh pratyakatvt
[] [] . ?
. ,
.
, , . , , ,
[ ] . , , , ,
, .
[ ] .
1, . [ ] [] [ ].
[ ] , [] .
[] [ ] ,
. ,
, . : , , ..,
[] [ ].

[ ]2. [] . [].
287

-. -

[ ] ,
. ,
, [] . [
] , [ ] .
. , , . , . [] , . ,

3.
[ ] . ,
, , . [ , ] " (III. 1.66),
,
.
, [] " ,
, , [] . ,
, .
, [.
, ] , , [ ] ,
, . , , , 4
, (67).
, [ ] [ ],
[ ]:
[ ] [ ] , [ ] (68)
288

 III

Purvapurvagunotkarttattatpradhnam
[ ] . [] .. , [ ] . ? . ? [ ]. , ,
[] , ,
, ,
, , ,
, , ,
, ,
. [] .
,
[ ] ..,
[] , , , [
] [ ] (68).
. [] , ,
, ?
. (69)
Tadvyavasthnam tu bhuyastvt
, [
] [] ,
[].
:
,
[ ]. , [] , , .. , , [] , , [
]. [ ], ,
,
(69).
. ?
, ,
[] (70)
-1709

2 8 9

-. -

Sagunnmindriyabhvt
.. .. ? , , ,
, .
,
1, [] [] 2.
[] (70).
. [] [ ], [] ?
(71)
Tainaiva tasygrahancca
[] .
: , , . 1 (71).
. ,
(72)
Na sabdagunopalabdheh
, ,
1 (72).
. , (73)
Tadupalabdhiritaretaradravyagunavaidharmyt
, ,
, . ,
[]
[] []
. , [], ,
. [ ]
. [] ,
[]. , [], - [], . .., [] ..,
. , , . 1 (73).
290

 III. 2
2

[ ]

[] . [
1.1.9] ?
[] ?
, (1)
Karmksasdharmytsamsayah
[] ,
, [ ] ; [] . (1).
.
[]
.. : ,
, .
. [ ] . [], , [] : [ ] (1.1.4), - [] (1.1.16) ..
[ ] .
[] [] .
, , , , , 1.
[ ]:
(2)
Viayapratyabhijnnt
? , , [ ]: ,
, [ ].
. [ ], , : [] 1 (2).
10*

291

-. -

. , [ ]
(3)
Sdhyasamatvdahetuh
,
. ?
. [] , , , , , 1. []
, .
,
[] :
, . , [] , , ?! , [ ], -, ?
. .
. [ ] -,
. [, ] , ,
-, . , , , , .
. [ ] [] .
. . , [ ] ,
.
, [ ] [ , ]
, , [],
, , ,
. [ , ] , , . [ , ] []
[], [ ].
. [ ] .
. , [ ]. ,
[ ], [
]. ,
292

 III. 2

, ,
[ ] . [],
[ , ]
, , ,
[] [] . , [] : , , ,
. , [] []
2 (3).
. -
, [ ] .
. [] (4)
Na yugapadagrahant
, , , [ ] , , , (4).
[] (5)
Apratyabhijnne vinsaprasangah
,
, , , [
]1 (5).
-
:

(6)
Kramavrttitvdayugapadgrahanam
[ ] .
. , , [ ] (6).
(7)
Apratyabhijnnam viayntaravysangt
293

-. -

,
- [] . [] [] 1 (7).
[] []
(8)
Na gatyabhvt
[ ] []
, [ ]
, . , ,
[] .
[ ]
[]
[-] . , , ,
, ,
[] , [] .
[ ] [ ], [] . , -1. ? , [] , [-]
2. , : ,
, , . , .
[ ], , , []
[ ] . [] , , [] , . -
,
, [ ] (8).
294

 III. 2

[], , [] . [ ]
[ ]:
.
(9)
Sphatiknyatvbhimnavattadanyatvbhimanah
[ ] : [] , [ ] , .., [],
, [ ].
. .
, ,
, , ,
..1. [ ] .
. [
]?
. , . , .
[
] ,
[ ] (9).
[ ]
[], , ,
[ , ]: , :
[ ] , ,
[ ], []
(10)
Sphatike 'pyaparparotpatteh kanikatvdvyaktnmahetuh
, ,
[] , . ? []
, .. ,
. ? 295

-. -

[ ]. [] , , [] . ,
[] ? , .. , , , .. [ , ] ,
[] . , ,
[] . 1 (10).
.
[] [] [], []
(11)
Niyamahetvabhvdyathdarsanamabhyanujn
[] , ,
, . ? .
, 1. , [] [], [] . , , [ ] , , , , ,
.. . : [] . , [
] , ,
(11).
,
[] , 1,
[] , , (12)
Notpattivinsakranopalabdheh
, , .., .. , [] [-]
(12).
296

 III. 2

. [ ] , [ ]
(13)
Kravinse krannupalabdhivaddadhyutpattivacca tadutpattih

, [] (13).
. , (14)
Lingato grahannnnupalabdhih
, [], , ,
[] , [ ].
,
.. 1 (14).
[] [ -]:
,
(15)
Na payasah parinmagunntaraprdurbhvt
[] ,
[] , --
[ ]
. [ ] , [ ], .
1 (15).
:
[]
[] (16)
Vyhntard dravyntarotpattidarsanam purvadravyanivrtter
anumnam

[ ] , [] [, ] [] , [ ] [ ] 297

-. -

/,
[ ], ;
[ ] 1 (16).
, , [ ] :
[ ] , - , - 1 (17)
Kvacidvinsakrannupalabdheh kvaciccopalabdheranekntah
[, ]
, ,
. ? [, ] [ ], , , ,
[] [] , .. [] 2.
[] [] .
.. [] ,
, . .
[] , [ ],
, , , [ ] . [ , ,
] .. , , . [ , , ]
[] ,
, , , ,

, . [, ] 3 (17).
298

 III. 2

[ ]
, : , , []?
1, [] [ ]:
! [ ]
[ ]
. [] :
[] [] [] ,
(18)
Nendriyrthayostadvinse 'pi jnnvasthnt
[] , . [ ] ,
[] , [ ]: [],
.
,
, . , -, .
[] , : [].
,
[] , .
- [] (18).
. -.
. -
[] (19)
Yugapajjneynupalabdhesca na manasah
[ , ] -
[] (1.1.16), ,
, .
? . , . [ -], [ ]
. , .. , .., [ ] , .., []
[] .
299

-. -

.. , , 1.
[] [] , [ , ] , , , []
, [] . , -. , [] [ ]
, . ,
[] , , ,
, []
, [ ] (19).
. [ ] , ,
? (20)
Tadtmagunatve 'pi tulyam
, [] (20).
. []
- (21)
Indriyairmanasoh sannikarbhvttadanutpatteh
, ..
[ ] -.
[]
, [] (21).
..
, ?
. , [ ]
[] (22)
Notpattikrannmapadest
[ ]: ..
,
[], [ ]1 (22).
. [ ]
(23)
300

 HL 2

Vinsakrannupalabdhescvasthne tannityatvaprasangah
[ ] []: [ ]
, , ? (.2.20).
[] [] .
, [ , ]
, , [ ] .
[ , ] ,
(23).
. ,
[] [] [] , [ ] (24)
Anityatvagrahdbuddherbuddhyantardvinsah sabdavat
, , . , :
[ ] ,
[] (24).
.
, 1, ,
[] []
-, [ ] [], ,
, .
[] ,
:
, [ ] ,
[ ] (25)
Jnnasamavettmapradesasannikarnmanasah smrtyutpatterna
yugapadutpattih
, , , -
, ,

(25).
. , - []
(26)
Nntahsarravrttitvnmanasah
-
,
301

-. -

. , ,
, [] , [] (26).
. [] , [] []
1 (27)
Sdhyatvdahetuh
, [] , - [] (27).
. , , (28)
Smaratah sariradhranopapatterapratiedhah
, [-] ,
[ ] ,
. ,
-, :
. [],
(28).
. , - (29)
Na tadsugatitvnmanasah
- , [] []: ,
,
[ ], . , [-],
, , [ ] (29).
. , (30)
Na smaranaklniyamt
- , -
. [-] -, ,
- ,
.
[, ] . [ ] , .
[] , 302

 III. 2

[] .., , []
(30).
[]: [ ] ,
, [ ]
[] [ ] (31)
tmapreranayadrcchjnatbhisca na samyogaviseah
[] []
- [ ] , ,
.. , -? ,
, . ? 1) [] , 2) [- ], 3)
[ -] .
1), [ ]: - ", " ,
- [ ] ,
, []
. [] ,
[] ,
. 2) , [
] , , [] , . 3)
, [] (31).

[] , [, ] (32)
Vysaktamanasah pdavyathanena samyogaviseena samnam
,
,
, [ ] . [ ]. , [ ]
, , .
. , , [] ?
. .
. , , [] , , -, , ?
303

-. -

. .
. : [
] , , [ ] [] [ ] (.2.31)
[] []. : , -
[] (.2.26) (32).
,
, [] [ ] 1?
[ ]: [ ],
.. (33)
Pranidhnalingdijnnnmayugapadbhvdayugapatsmaranam
-,
[] , [ ] .. , .
. , ,
.. [, ]
, ,
[
].
.
.
, ,
- [ ] - ,
, , , ,
: [ -] - [] , . [ ] [] [] .
. [ ] ?
. [ ], .
. [ ]
?
. , , [
304

 III 2

], , ,
.
. [ ] .
. , []
[ ] .
. []: ... [ ], , [] .
. , [ ]:
[] [ ] [ ].
, .

, , [ ] , [ ], ,
[ ]
1.
[ ,
.2.25]: . [ ] - [ ]
,
. , []
-,
[] []
[ ] [].
. [ ] ,
[]
, []
.
.
[] : [ ]
2
[] . [ , ]
[, ] (33).
305

-. '

, , ,
, , , , :
[ ], ,
(34)
Jnasyecchdveanimittatvdrambhanivrttyoh
[] :
, , , . []
[-],
, [] ,
, [-],
, []
. , , , , ,
[]. ,
. , , , , []1. []
, 2 (34).
[ ], , :

[ ], [ ] (35)
Tallingatvdicchdveayoh prthivdyevapratiedhah
, , , ,
, , . , , , , 1,
, [ ]
, , , [] (35).
. [ ]
[] .. (36)
Parasvdivrambhanivrttidarsant
. , [-] , [] , [ ]
[] , .
306

 HL 2

. [] .., [] , , [ ..].
. [ , ], ,
, , , ,
[ ] ,
, .
. []: [
], [ ] (.2.35)
. , , [] ,
[]
, .., [] , ;
. [] , , .
. , [ ] .. [ ],
, [] ,
.., .
, ,
[] [ ] ,
[ ]: ... [ ] [] (36).
(37)
Niyamniyamau tu tadviseakau
.
. [ ]? , [ ]1.
[] , ,
. [] [ ]. ,

[]
307

-. -

[ ] , [ ] .
[ ] ,
[-] ,
[],
, , ,
, , ! .
, , ,
,
.
[]
. , , [] , , , , . [] ,
, . ,
[] , ..,

.. 2.
, [ ]
, [ ]
. , , , ..
..,
. [ ] , [ ] []
, []
, , . , 3, , -, , ,
[] . ,
[]
. []: [] [] [] ,
(.2.18). [ ]: [ 308

 III. 2

], [ ] (.2.35) , [] . [] -, .., , [ .2.35], (37).

[ ]
- [ ]
, [ ] :
[ ] - , [] [] [] (38)
Yathoktahetutvtpratantrydakrtbhygamcca na manasah
[ ] , []: , , , , (1.1.10),
, , -.
: , [], , ,
, [] , , .
[] [] . [ ]: , (1.1.17) [, ] , ,
, []. ,
(38).
[ ] , [ ] :
[]
(39)
Parise$dyathoktahetupapatesca
. [], : [ ], , [ ] []
309

-. -

[ ] 1. [ ]
, -
, .
[] , [] [ ], , : ,
(III. 1.1). [] ,
[] .
, -, .
, , , , .
Upapatti [] ,
[ ] ,
.
, [] [] . [] ,
, [] , .. ,
.

, , .
: , .
:
, [ ] ,
,
(39).
[] (40)
Smaranam tvtmano jnasvbhvyt
[ ] :
, . []
. ? . , , [ ]
310

 . 2

, [
]: , , ,
: , , . [] ,
, , (40).
[] ,
. [], [] ?
[]
[ ] , , , , , ,
, , , [] ,
, , , ,
, , , , , , , , , , , , - (41)
Pranidhnaiiibandhbh^
tasambandhnantaryaviyogaikakryavirodhtisayaprptivyavadhnasukhaduhkhecchdveabhayrthitvakriyrgadharmdharmanimittebhyah

- [-] , , .
[] ,
, ,

[]. , [-], [
,] ,
1. , [ ]
, [] . [ ]: , , .
: [ ] , ,
, - 2. ,
, : [] ,
3.
311

-. -

, [ ] .. , . , [], .
[] .
[]
[ ] , . [ ] .
[, ]. .
. []
, . - , - . ..
.. .
, , , .
[] .
[ ]. , , . , . . - .
[ ] ,
. ,
(41).
[ ]
, [ ], [] , , : , , , ?
1
, . ?
(42)
312

 III. 2

Karmnavasthyigrahant
[ ] ,
. , [ ]
, [ ] , ,
[] 1. [ ] , , , . []
,
, [] . ,
. , .
. ,
, ,
, [] [ ] 2.
. . ? ,
[] .
. , .
. ,
. , , 3 (42).
. ,

(43)
Avyaktagrahanamanavasthyitvdvidyutsampte rupvyaktagrahanavat
, , . [ ] ,
[ ] (43).
. [ ], ,
[ ] , []
(44)
Hetupdnt pratiedhavybhyanujn
313

-. -

, , ,
: "
.
. ,
[]1.
.
[] . -
, - , . , , 2, , [ ] [] . ? ,
.
[] .
,
[]3. , ,
, ,
[ ] . , [] , . , ,
, , 4.
[] , [] . . , [] .
, ?!
[ ] [
]
.
, . , [ ] [],
, , , .
, [ ] , [ ] (44).
314

 III. 2

,
- ,

(45)
Pradprdhsantatyabhivyaktagrahanavattadgrahanam

. ?
. , ,
, ,
, .
1 (45).
[ ]
. ,
, .
. [ ]:
, (46)
Dravye svagimaparagunopalabdheh samsayah
[] [-] [-]
. , . :
[]
? (46).
. ?
(47)
Yavaccharrabhvitvdrupdnm
[
], , , ,
[ ] , .
. [ ] , ?
. [ ], 1 .
, .
[] .
,
[ ] .
, [ ] 2.
315

-. -

. ? ? ?
. [ -]
[ ] . , - [], , - . [],
, , [] ,
.. , , ,
(47).
.
[] []. ?
. , , (48)
Na pkajagunntarotpatteh
, , . (48).
:
, , [], (49)
Pratidvandvisiddheh pkajnmapratiedhah
[], ,
, , , [],
,
[]. ,
[], , ,
, . , [ ], ,
. , , ,
1 (49).
:
[] (50)
arravypitvt
316

 III. 2

[] ,
[ ] ,
. , [ ], ,
. ,
,
1, .
, , (50).
. , ,
.
, [] , ..
(51)
Na kesanakhdivanupalabdheh
, ,
[], [] (51).
. [ ]
, [] (52)
Tvakparyantatvccharrasya kesanakhdivaprasangah
, -
[] , . [] 1 (52).
:
[] (53)
arragunavaidharmyt
,
, , ..
: [] , [] , [ ] ,
-. [ ] (53).
. , .. (54)
Na rpdmmitaretaravaidharmyt
..
, , (54).
. [] , ..
(55)
Aindriyakatvdrupdmmapratiedhah
317

-. -

[]. ..
, [] , , [ ] .., [ ] , . [] [] , 1.
[ ] [] ,
[] ,
(.2.39), []
[ ]. ,
, (55).
[ -]
[] , , [ 1.1.9], -. :
? [ ]:
- (56)
Jnnyaugapadydekam manah
,
, [] , []
-.
. ? -
,
[ ] , , , . , , (56).
. , [ - ],
(57)
Na yugapadanekakriyjpalabdhih
, [ ] , ,
, , ,
, ,
, ,
[ ] - (57).
. [], [] ,
(58)
Altacakradarsanavattadupalabdhirsusamcrt
318

 III. 2

[] - , [] [] [] , . ,
, [] [] 1.
. [ ] , [] , [] ?
.
.
[] , . ,
, . [ ]
[ ] , , . ? ,
, ; ; ; ,
;
; , . , , . . , (58).
[] (59)
Yathoktahetutvccnu
- , [] . , , , (59).
319

-. -

[ , ]
- , , , . .., , , ,
, . [] , : [] ?
[. :
(60)
Purvakrtaphalnubandhttadutpattih

, ; -;
[]
; [], . ,
. [] : ,
, , [] . , -, ,
, , [ ]
, [ ]
. [] , , . , , , , ,
. : , , [] , [] (60).
1 :
[]
[] (61)
320

 III. 2

Bhutebhyo mrtyupdnavattadupdnam
, , , , .. [] ,
[] 1 (61).
. , [ ] 1 (62)
Na sdhyasamatvt
[ ] , . , , . []
[]: [, ] [], [ ] ,
. [], , []
, (62).
[] [ ] , [ ] (63)
Notpattinimittatvnmtpitroh
. ? , .
.
, , , , [] , , [ ] 1 (63).
, (64)
Tathhrasya
: .
. ,
, [ ] , , , . , . [] , 1, , , ,
, .., . [ ]
[],
11 - 1709

321

-. -

. [] , .. [] (64).
(65)
Prptau cniyamt
, . [
], [] [] , [] ,
[] , , (65).
:
, [
] (66)
arrotpattinimittavatsamyogotpattinimittam karma
, , [
], ,
, , 1, , , , , , , ,
, , , , ,
, , ,
, , , , 2. []
, [ ],
, , , [ ]
[],
.
[ ] , , [ ]3. ,
, . , ,
[ ] .
(66).
322

 III. 2

(67)
Etenniyamah pratyuktah
, , [] [
]. [
], [ ], [ ].
? , .
, , , [] []. , : [ ] , , , , , , ,
, .
, .
, , [] ,
[ ]
,
. , [] .
[ , ] [
] . [
, ] [] , . ?
[] .
[ ] [ ].
; [] ; ,
; [] ;
[] . , , ,
[ ] .
, ,
, (67).
323

-. -

,
, (68)
Tadadrtakritamiti cet punastatprasango 'pavarge
. -,
[, , ] .
,
. :
,
. ,
[], , , .
. ?
. . - -
,
[] [] .
. [ ]?
. , []
, [].
. , []
[] ,
.
. , [] , [] . ,
, [ ], , [ ] [] ,
[] ,
1.
,
, , [ ] . .
1. , [] ? [] , 324

 III. 2

, ,
, , ,
, -, , 3.
[] , -.
. , , , []
[] [] . [ ], []
4 (68).
, -, (69)
Manahkarmanimittatvcca samyognucchedah
- ,
[] , [ ]? [
], [ ]
, []
1.
. , [-] []
- , [ ], [ ].
. , []
, , ,
, []
(69).
(70)
Nityatvaprasangasca pryannupapatteh
, [] ;
. ,
, ,
?! , , ,
[].
[] , 1 (70).
[], [ ] [] , :
325

-. -

, ? (71)
Anusymatnityatvavadetatsyt
, ,
, , , [] (71).
. , []
(72)
Nkrtbhygamaprasangt
. ? []
. []
, , []. , , . . , - [].
1.
, -, , ,
[]
[ ] ,

, , , , [ ] .
, , .
,
. [] ? , , ,
.. , [ ],
,

. [ ]
,
[] , []
, .

, , [ ] .
326

 III. 2

[ ] . ,
[] .
, , , []
, , []
. , , ,
[] , , . []

[ ] , , . [ ], , . [] -
[] 2. [ ], , .
[ ] , []
[ ].
[]
, . [], , , . , ,
, (72).

 IV
1

[ ]

- [ 1.1.9]. ,
-, ..,
.
:
[] (1)
Pravrttiryathokt
[, ]
(1).
[ ] . :
(2)
Tath doh
[ ] . , []
.
[] ,
, ,
. [] ,
. , 1 (2).
[ ]
, , (1.1.18). , , , , ..? :
, ,
(3)
328

 IV. 1

Tattrairsyam rgadveamohrthntarabhvt
, .
, , , [ ];
, , , ; , , .
[] [ ] .
[] , ?
, , . [ ]: , ,
. . ,
: ,
: .
[ ]. , ,
.. [] []
(3).
. , (4)
Naikapratyankabhvt
[] . ?
.
, , [] [] (4).
. (5)
Vyabhicrdahetuh
[]
, [ ],
, (5).

,
(6)
Tem mohah ppiynnmudhasyetarotpatteh
,
. ?
. ,
, ,
, [] .
, 329

-. -

; , ;
. , [] [ ].
,
, , ,

["] (1.1.2) (6).
.
- ? (7)
Nimittanaimittikabhvdarthntarabhvo dosebhyah
, . , , (7).
. , (8)
Na doalakanvarodhnmohasya
, (1.1.18), (8).
(9)
Nimittanaimittikopapattesca tulyajtynm
- 1 (9).
[ ]
[ 1.1.9] []
.
. .
,
,
[ ] 1.
[] [] :

).
tmanityatve pretyabhvasiddheh

[ ] ,

 IV. 1

, , []. []
(1.1.19):
,
. []
. , , [ ] ,
1. [ ]
[],
(10).
, , [ ]:
[] , (11)
Vyaktdvyaktnm pratyakaprmnyt
..?
[] .., [] , , , , , . , [ ]
. ? . , [
] .. [] ..

.., , ,
[]. , ..
.., ,
[] (11).
. , (12)
Na ghatd ghatnipatteh
, , , , , , ,
(12).
. , (13)
Vyaktd ghatanipatterapratiedhah
, , [331

-. -

]. : ,
, , ,
. [
] (13).
[ ]
.
. ,
(14)
Abhvdbhvqtpattirnnupamrdya prdurbhvt
[] , -1. ? . , . ,
, [] (14).
. (15)
Vyghtdaprayogah

[] . , , , [ .] , , , (15).
. , , [] , [] (16)
Nttngatayoh krakasabdaprayogt
, [] , . [, , ] , . [], ,
, [] , .
.
?
.
: ,
[] (16).
. , [] (17)
Na vinatebhyo 'nipatteh
332

 IV. 1

,
(17).
, (18)
Kramanirdesdapratiedhah
[] [] []. [ ]
,
[ ] . []
[]
, . , , , .
, .
,
, .
- , , , [] [] (18).
[ ]
,
, ,
(19)
Isvarah kranam puru$akarmphalyadarsant
, [ ],
. , , , , . [] []1 (19).
. , (20)
Na puruakarmbhve phalnipatteh
[] ,
(20).
1 (21)
333

-. -

Tatkritatvdahetuh

, .
, . , [ ] , [
]: "2.
, [ ] []
: [ ] []
, - .
, ,
[ ] -, , ; []
, 3. 4, , ,
5. ,
, .
[ ] :
[] . ,
. ,
, , [
]. [, ] , , .
[ , ] , [ ] , .., ,
?!7 , [], [] [ ],
, [ ], ,
(.2.60..)(21).
[ ]
:
-, , , ..1 (22)
334

 IV. 1

Animittato bhvotpattih kantakataiknydidarsant

. ? , , .., ,
,
, [ ] .. (22).
. -
[] (23)
Animittanimittatvnnnimittatah
, -, [ , ] , [] , .
-
1 (23).
. [] (24)
Nimittnimittayorarthntarabhvdapratiedhah
, , , . , ,
,
.
(.2.60 ..),
(24).
[ , ]
, [ ], :
, [] (25)
Sarvamanityamutpattivinsadharmakatvt
? , . , ,
, , ,
. []? ,
, . (25).
. , (26)
Nnityatnityatvt
?
[] . ? ,
, [] 1 (26).
335

-. -

. [ ] ,
(27)
Tadanityatvamagnerdhyam vinsynuvinsavat
[] . ? [], ,
(27).
.
(28)
Nityasypratykhynam yathopalabdhivyavasthnt
, [] . ? . , , , [ ] .
[] , ,
, -,
, , [] , (28).
[ , ]
:

(29)
Sarvam nityam pancabhtanityatvt
; ,
1 (29).
. , , (30)
Notpattivinsakranopalabdheh
,
[], (30).
. , [ ]
(31)
Tallakanvarodhdapratiedhah
, , , , 336

 IV. 1

, [ ] [,
] , []
,
(31).
. , [-] (32)
Notpattitatkranopalabdheh
[],
[] , [] [ ].
. , , . [] ,
. . , [] .
, , [-]. ,
1.
[ ]
, , .. , ,
, , , , .
[ ] .
. [ ]
?
. [ ]
.
. [
] .
.
, ,
.. .
. ..
.
. , :
[], 337

-. -

. [ ] ,
[ ] , [], , (32).
. [] [] ,
. ,
, , , ,
, 1.
. , [ ] (33)
Na vyavasthnupapatteh
[ ]: ,
, [ ,
, ] .
,
, ,
. , - , - ,
[].
, , ,
[ ] . [],
[] , [ ] .
, , , ,
, . , []
, (33).
[ ]
:
,
(34)
Sarvam prthagbhvalakanaprthaktvt
, ,
. ? 338

 IV. I

. , , . [ ],
. , ,
[. ], , ,
[] , , ,
, , ..,
(34).
. , (35)
Nnekalakanairekabhvanipatteh
[] , 1. , ,
.., , ..
, . []2 (35).

(36)
Lakanavyavasthndevpratiedhah
, .
? : , ,
[, , , ]: ,
, , . [ ] ,
, ,
, [].
. , ,
[] [].
. [] .
. , , []
, .
. [] , . [ ]

. [ ], : , [] , , [ ]
339

-. -

, [] , . [, -], [ ]:
, [] , , []
[ , ]: . , [ ] 1 (36).
[ , ]
:

(37)
Sarvamabhvo bhvevitaretarbhvasiddheh
. ? . , [] ,
, [] . ,
,
[] , :
, [ ]
(37).
. , .
[],
- . ,
[] , ,
. , , ?
[] , [] , !
. , [ ] ? , , ?
. [ ] ,

. , 1.
.
, , , : 340

 IV. 1

. , , ,
, ,
2.
[] [] :

(38)
Na svabhvasiddherbhvnm
, . ? . [ : ] , , .
. ?
. , [] , , [] , ,
[ ], , ,
[] []. , . []
, [ ], . , ,
.
, [ ] , [
]: , ^ ,
.. , , .
, [] , .
? [] , . [ ] .
, [ ], , , [, ]
,
, ? , , . [ ],
[ ], , 341

-. -

? , .
[]
.., , , [] : [] , :
. :
, .
[] , :
. : , : [] [ ]1 (38).
.
(39)
Na svabhvasiddhirpekikatvt
. , ,
. ?
.
1 (39).
. , (40)
Vyhatatvdayuktam
,
[] . ? , . ?! [],
,
, , [] ,
[] . , [],
,
[]
? . []
342

 IV. 1

, , .
, 1.
. ?
. [ , ] []
[ ]. ,
[ ], [ ], ,
, . []
(40).
[ ]
, [ ] [ ]: 1) , ; 2)
, [] ;
3) , [ ] , ,
; 4) , [ ] , , , . []. [] []:
[ ] ,
, (41)
Sankhyaikntsiddhih krannupapattyupapattibhym
, . ,
[] . - 1 (41).
. , [] (42)
Na kranvayavabhvt
, [ ]
. ? []
. - [ ] ,
[ ].
.. (42).
. , []
[] (43)
Niravayavatvdahetuh
[ ] ,
[, ]. ? , , ,
343

-. -

, [-] , [] .
..
, [ -]
[] , ,
, ,
. [ ],
[] , , [
] .
[] [ ]
[] []
(43).
[ ]
[ 1.1.9
] , []
, [ !
(44)
Sadyah klntare ca phalanipatteh samsayah
, []
. , [] . , :
(44).
, (45)
Na sadyah klntaropabhogyatvt
[ ] ,
. [ ] , [],
, [] .. (45).
. [], [ ] (46)
Klntarennipattixhetuvinst
, , (46).
. (47)
Prn nipattervrkaphalavattatsyt
344

 IV. 1

, , .
,
, , . , , .. , .. .
. , -, []
[] . ,
" (.2.60) (47).
. , ,
:
-, , - []
- (48)
Nsanna sanna sadasatsadasatorvaidharmyt
, , , - [] . , -,
, [] , [ ] . , [ ]
[] . [ ]
- [] , [] , [, ]
, [] , [, ] , , [ ] .
1 (48).
.
. ?
(49)
Utpdavyayadarsant
. [] , []
-, []
? (49).
. [] , [] (50)
345

-. -

Buddhisiddham tu tadasat
[] , [] , , ,
, [] , [].
. , [] [] , [] 1 (50).
, [, ]
, (51)
srayavyatirekd vrkaphalotpattivadityahetuh
,
[] ,
[] , , [] .
[ ] (51).
. ,
(52)
Prtertmsrayatvdapratiedhah
[ ] , [] ,
, ,
. [ ] (52).
. , ,
, , , , .. (53)
Na putrapasustrparicchadahiranynndiphalanirdesah
.., , [ ]: ,
. , , , (53).
. [ ] ,
[] (54)
Tatsambandht phalanipattesteu phalavadupacrah
, ,
.., , ..
, [] ,
: ,
(54).
346

 IV. 1

[ ]
[] ,
: , (1.1.21). ,
, [ ] ?
[] , . ?
, , . [ ] , [] , , [] ,
1. [ ]? , , , ,
, , [] , : ,
.
:
, (S5)
Vividhabdhanyogd duhkhameva janmotpattih
, : , , ;
[ ].
, . ,
, , . , ,
, ,
, 1.
. , , , .
, , ,
, , [] []
(55).
[] [ ] []?
347

-. -

[ ] , (56)
Na sukhasypyantarlanipatteh
.
? . ,
, ,
(56).
,
[]
, [] (57)
Bdhannivrttervedayatah paryeanadodapratiedhah
[],
[ ] .
, . : [ ] , []; , ,
, [ ], []

. , []
[] .
, [] .
.
:
,
[] [] .
:
,

?! (57).
, (58)
Duhkhavikalpe sukhbhimnca
, []
. [], , , [348

 IV. 1

], , ,
, ,
, [] . [] [ ] ; ,
; , , , , , ,
1, . [ ]
, , .
[
], [] ,
, ,
, [ ]
. , [] ,

[] ,
,
[ ].
, :
, , :
2, []
?
[] ,
[ ]. ? ,
. ;
[ ] (58).
[ ]
[ 1.1.9] , [] :
, (59)
naklesapravrttyanubandhdapavargbhvah
1) : , :
, - ,
1. .
349

-. -

[] : ,
: . [], [] ,
.
2) :
[] , , 2.
3) :
, [ ] , , :
, , , ["] (1.1.2) (59).
[] .
1) [] ,
[ ] :
,
[]
(60)
Pradhnasabdnupapatter gunasabdennuvdo
nindprasamsopapatteh
,
[] ,
, , ,
. [] ,
[ ] . , : .
, .
? . [ ]: , [] , , [] ,
. .

. 350

 IV. 1

, [ ] , . ,
, [ ] . [ ] , , .
, , : ..
, [] , [ ] , . [] : , .
, , 1. : !
! !
- ,
?!
, .
[] ,
. , , .
2 ,
: , , ,
.. .
[] . ,
, [] . :
... ,
, , , , , 3
. , , ;
[ ] [, ] [] [ , ] .
351

-. -

, [ ] , [ ,
] :
,
", : , " [].
,
[] ?4 [,
] [] .
, , . , . , [] .
[ ]. ,
[].
. , [ ]?
. . [ ] .
.
. , ,
, .
.
.
[ ],
[ ]: , ,
[ ] . , [ ]
[ ],
[] [ ]," [ ] [ ].
[]
, , , [] , [] ,
.
,
, [] . :
352

 IV. 1

,

, , , 5.
, ,
[] ,
6.
, ,
:
, , , 7.
:
. ,
, , , ,
. , 8.
, 9.
: . ,
10
, .
, , [ ]
, :
; : ,
, ,
, "
11
. , .
, , . :
, ...12, []
, [ , ]
(60).
, , [ ] , []
[]. ?
[] [] (61)
12 1709

353

-. '

Samropandtmanyapratiedhah
: , , []
[ ] . , [] [ ],
, .
[] , []: , , :
, , . , [] , , " , 1 (61).
, [] ,
, [], (62)
Ptracayntnupapattesca phalbhvah

[, ,] ,
[ ], []
, [ ]: , ,
: , ?!" , [ ]
, , 1. , ,
, [ ] ,
[ ] , ,
[ ].
, , ,
.
. []?
. ,
[ ] [] .

: ,
. [] . ,
[]
354

 IV. 1

, 3. [ ]. : [ ] , .
[
] [] . , , : , [ ] , .
, , , ..4 (62).
2) , [ ] , :
, , (63)
Suuptasya svapndarsane klesbhvdapavargah
, , , ,
[] .
(63).
3) , [ ] ,
, , []
(64)
Na pravrttih pratisandhnya hnaklesasya
, ,
.
,
[].
,
, .
. ?
. ,
[ ] . ,
,
[ ] ,

(64).

-. -

. (65)
Na klesasantateh svbhvikatvt
.
? , . , , ,
(65).
:
(66)
Prgutpatterabhvnityatvavatsvbhvike 'pyanityatvam

, [] ' (66).
:
(67)
Anusymatnityatvavadv
, 1.
[]
. [ ] , .
. , 2 (67).
:
, [ ]
(68)
Na sankalpanimittatvcca rgdnm
:
, . ,
, , , , , , []. ,
, - , . [
] : ,
, , . 356

 IV. 2

[] .
[] [ ].
[ , ] , [ ]
. , , ,
. , ,
, 1.
, , - , 2. [ ] , ,

, ..,
[ ] []
3 (68).

[ ]

, , 1 [] ?
[ ].
[] , . [] ,
, , [] , , [ , ] [] ,
.
,
.
, .
?
, ,
[ ] , : [ 357

-. -

] , -, - , :
[ ] , .
,
?
, , -, 2.
[ ] ?
, : -
, , , , , , [ ]; , ; , . , , , , ,
: 3, , , , . . :
,
, , , [] (IV. 1.64). [ ] , , ,
, . , .
, ,
4, [ ] ,
, [] , .

,
, ( 1 )
Doanimittnm tattvajnndahankranivrttih
, , ,
.
, , [] ,
, 1,
. -
, , ,

358

 IV. 2

["] (1.1.2).
[] [],
- (1).
1 :
, [] (2)
Dosanimittam rupdayo viayh sankalpakrth
, .., . ,
, , . , , , 1.
, . , , ,
, (2).
, ,
[ ]
. ?
(3)
Tannimittam tvavayavyabhimnah
.
, [-] , .
1.
, , [] ,
[] , [] , [] , [] ,
[] . ,
, -, - ..2.
, ,
.
, , , , ,
, , , .. 3. , , . []
, ,
, , , ,
, [ ] , , ,
4 (3).
359

-.

[ ]
, [] ,
:
(4)
Vidy 'vidydvaividhyt samsayah
. - . , [] ,
1. , (4).
.
(5)
Tadasamsayah purvahetupratisiddhatvt
. ? [] (5).
. []
(6)
Vrttyanupapatterapi na samsayah
, 1 (6).
:
,
[] (7)
Krtsnaikadesvrttitvdavayavnmavayavyabhvah
, [ ]
[] . [ ]
1 (7).
. [] ?
. , [] (8)
Teu cvrtteravayavyabhvah
[ ] 1, , 2,
360

 IV. 2

.
(8).
. ,
(9)
Prthak cvayavebhyo 'vrtteh
.
[] ,
[ ] ,
1. (9).
. (10)
Na cvayavyavayavh
. ? , (IV.2.8),
[ ] .
,
1 (10).
. ,

[ ] (11)
Ekasmin bhedbhvd bhedasabdaprayognupapatteraprasnah

. ? [ ]. [] , - []
, , ,
[ ], ,
[ ] 1 (11).
[ , ], []
, , [
], :
, []
[ ] (12)
Avayavntarabhve 'pyavrtterahetuh
[ ]: .
, , []
[ ] , [ ].
[ ]
, [ , ] []
[ ] [] , .
361

-. -

. [ ] [
]?
. ,
[] [].
. [] ?
. , [- ] . - ; 1.
. [ ] ?
. .
. 2?
.
. ,
,
, (12).
, :
, []
(II. 1.35), [ ] :
.
(13)
Kesasamhe taimirikopalabdhivattadupalabdhih
, ,
, [] . (13).
. , , ,
(14)
Svavi$aynatikramenendriyasya patumandabhvd viayagrahanasya tathbhvo nviaye pravrttih
, [ ] .
, , , , , ,
[]. -, 362

 IV. 2

, , ,
- , ,
. , ,
. [ ],
[] , , , [
, ] , , ., , [ ] ,
, , , ,
. ,
, ,
, [ ],
2.
-.
3?
. , , , [], , [-], [ ] . [] , [], . [ ] : , [ ] . , [ ] , ..,
[ ]. [] , (14).
[] [ ] [] (15)
Avayavvayaviprasangascaivampralayt
, , , [], [] , ,
. [ ] , ,
, , 1 (15).
363

-. -

[] , (16)
Na pralayo 'nusadbhvt
[] [], [ ] [ ],
[]
[]. , [] ,
, . , ,
, ,
, [] . , (16).
[ , ] (17)
Param va truteh
, [] 1 (17).
[ ]
, [] ,
, :
, [] (18)
ksavyatibhedt tadanupapattih
. ?
[] . , ,
, , ,
(18).
. ?! (19)
kssarvagatatvam v
,
, [ ] ,
(19).
. -, , ,
(20)
364

 IV. 2

Antarbahisca kryadravyasya kranntaravacandakrye

tadabhvah
-[], ; , ,
1. -,
, . , . ,
, [] ,
, , [] (20).
,
(21 )
abdasamyogavibhavcca sarvagatam
, [] , -, , ,
.
[ ] [] (21).
,
(22)
Avyhvitambhavibhutvni cksadharmh
[] [] ,
, , [ ] 1. ? . [] , . ? .
, , , , [] , ,
, [, ]
.
[, ] , [ ]
, , [ ].
,
[]. ?
, [ ] . ,
[ ], , , [] .
, - .
365

-. -

, . , [] [], , [ ]
(22).
. , , ,
(23)
Murttimatm samsthnopapatteravayavasadbhvah

, , 1 . ,
, . ,
(23).
(24)
Samyogopapattesca
,
, .
, []
, , . , [] [ ] , [ ]
, .
. [], , , , , [ ] .
? ,
, , , []
, ,
, , [] - .
[] , , [ ] [] , [
] . : , 1, , [] , [] [] , .
, , , , [ ] , [] . ,
,
, , - (24).
366

 IV. 2

, [], , [ ]
, []
[], , (25)
Anavasthkritvadanavasthnupapattescpratiedhah
, [] ,
, .
[] , . [
] , [] . , , , ,
, ,
1 (25).
[ ]
1. , , , [], ,
, , 2
:
,
(26)
Buddhy vivecanttu bhvnm ythtmynupalabdhis
tantvapakarane patasadbhvnupalabdhivat tadanupalabdhih
, .. ,
,
[]
. [ ] [] (26).
. (27)
Vyhatatvdahetuh
, , ,
. , [] . 367

-. -

, , ,
(I V.2.15) (27).
, (28)
Tadsrayatvdaprthaggrahanam
- - , , , 1.
. ,
, [
] (28).
, (29)
Pramnatascrthapratipattih
:
, , , . , , . , .
, - , - . , [] 1 (29).
(30)
Pramnnupapattyupapattibhym
1, , . ?
.
, : , 2,
, , ?!
[ ] - ,
, [ ] ,
?! (30).
. [] (31 )
Svapnaviaybhimnavadayam pramnaprameybhimnah
, (32)
Mygandharvanagaramrgatrnikvadv
[ ]
, [ ] , 368

 IV. 2

,
[] [ ] (32).
. (33)
Hetvabhvdasiddhih
[ ] , [ ] , [] , [ ] [] .
[ ] , .
. [ ] , [] .
. , .
[]
, , ,
[ ] [ ] .
[]
[, ]. [ ] , [] . 1 [] , [].
, :
2.
,
.. , ,
, . - , - , - , - . [],
, [] [] (33).

(34)
Smrtisankalpavacca svapnaviaybhimnah
[ ]
. , ,
, ,
1.
369

-. -

, , , [ - ] . , , , , [] : . [ ] .
[] , .
[ ] , [] . ,
, , [ ] , , 2.
[]. , : , ,
[ ],
[ ] , , .
:
[]3 (34).
,
(35)
Mithyopalabdhervinsastattvajfint
svapnaviaybhimnapransavatpratibodhe
,
,
. , [] .
, []
, , . []
, [] .
[ ]
.. [] . ,
, , , 370

 IV. 2

, .
,
[], , .
[ , ], , ,
, . [] , -
[] . [ , ],
,
, . ,
(35).
[] , [] [ ] 1 (36)
Buddhescaivam nimittasadbhvopalambht
[] , [] , . ? [] [ ] .
,
, []. [] (36).

(37)
Tattvapradhnabhedcca mithybuddherdvaividhyopapatteh
, ; : []. [] , .
[] , [] 1.
, , [ ].
, , [
] , [ ]
[] []
[ ] 2. , , (37).
371

-. -

[ ]
, ,
, (IV.2.1).
[] ?
(38)
Samdhivisesbhyst
-,
1 , , , .
, , (38).
. ,
(39)
Na arthavise$aprbalyt
, . ? .
, , , ..
, (39).
. , []
.. (40)
Kuddibhih pravarttancca
, , . [] (40).
. , [], ,
[ ] .
(41)
Purvakrtaphalnubandhttadutpattih
, , ; []
[] .
, .

(41).
[ ]
372

 IV. 2

, ,
.. (42)
Aranyaguhpulindi$u yogbhysopadesah
, [] ,
. ,
, , , , , . [],
,
: , (42).
. ,
[ ]
? (43)
Apavarge 'pyevain prasangah
:
1 (43).
. , [] [] [] (44)
Na nicpannvasyambhvitvt
, , , [] ,
[ ] .
, , , [] , [] (44).
[] (45)
Tadabhvascpavarge
[]
- .
,
(IV.2.43), .
. , 1
, , , , ,
, (45).

1,
(46)
373

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1

, (tvak) , , , , , .
, ( - ).

1.1.14-15
1

: cetanasykartur upaladbhiriti. , -, . 19-20.

1.1.15
1

,
, -, (- . 23, 37, 63).
2
, ,
, .
1.1.16
1

, ,
-
,
par excellance. , , ,
:
, , ,
(. , 1.1.10). , ( )
, ,
(. , 1.1.14-15). ,
-, , ,
(),

, , , , , .
415


1.1.17
1

10 10 1.1.2: , , , ,
; , , , [ ] ; [ ] , , . , [ ] . : , , ; [] , , ,
; , . [ ] .
1.1.19
1

buddhi , ,
(. , 1.1.15),
,
-.
, (. ,
1.1.15).
, , , , , , .
1.1.20
1

, , , .
1.1.22
1

,

, (
, ,
nanda), (
, )
.
2
, .
,
, .
, ,
: , ,
, .
416

, ,
, .
4
. ,
,
, , , .
5
, , .
- (, ,
,
).
1.1.22-23
1

1.1.1, , .
1.1.23
' : ...apeka samsayasyapravarttika varttate tena vise$pek$o
vimarsah samsayah. . [ , 1967-1976, . 1, . 93] . , , ,
. : ...
[ ] ,
. ,

. . [, 1916, . 87-101].
2
, ,
, ,
, .
3
, .
4
, . , ,
, ,
, :
,
, .. . [, 1916, . 87-101].

1.1.25
1

1.1.1.

/2 14 1709

417

1.1.25-26
1

nyysraya...
1.1.29

, , , - -. , .
2
, ( ), ( ), (
) .
3
. . 1.2, (
) , .
, .
, , ^yuj
,
, , , .
1.1.30
1

, III. 1.1. , ,
: '
, , , ,
X.
1.1.31
1

: ,
, ,
.
, , , ,
()
[, 1916, . 107]. , [ , 1925-1926, . 1, . 269, 274].

1.1.31-32
1

: nyyaprakarana , ( , 1.1.1
).
418


1.1.32
1

: Dasvayavneke naiyyik vkye sancakate...

naiyyik , (. . 3
1.1.5), . , (VIIVIII .)
, ,
(vykhynga),
, [, 1998, . 89-90].
( ),
, -.
( ) . . 1 1.1.5.

2
14 , , 1.1.1.
1.1.33
1

: dharmin, .. , .
1.1.34

: ...sdhanatvacanam hetuh. : ... .

1.1.36
1

sdhya {\ (5, ). .
2
,
.
1.1.37
1

1.2.4-9.
V. 1.1.
1.1.38
1

upasamhra Vr+ upa +

, .

saw-

1.1.39
1

nigamana ^gam + ni, ,

, , -, - [SW, . , . 154].
2 *

419


, ,
.
2
1.1.36.
3
1.1.1.
, , , , ,
, .
, ,
. , ,
,
.
.
4
dharmin (
) dharma ().
5
: ...sdhakabhvavacanam hetvrthah.
6
: hetdharanaparisuddhau... ,
....
7
, .
1.1.40
1

, , .. , ,
. ,
, , , ,
,
, , , , .
, ,

, .
2
. , 1.1.2.
3
, , , , (
. , . 1).
4

, ,
420


, , , , 1.1.30.
5
1.2.1.
1.1.41
1

- 1.1.15.
2
, ,
, , .
3
, : 1) , :
; 2) , , X
; 3) , :
X
XUQ .
4
,
,
.
, (justification),
(justified true belief), . . [ , 1998, . 128].
1.2.1
1

, ,
, - ( )
( - ).
2
, , ,

, , , , [-, 1937,
. 282]. , ,

,
.
3

, ,
,
.
14 1709

421


1.2.2
1

( ) , , .
2
, , , .
: , ,
, .
, , -
, , ,
, .
. [, 1916, . 162].
1.2.3
1

. , 1.1.41.
1.2.5

vyabhicra, , .
2

,
. , :
, .
3
- , , ,
.
4
, , .
1.2.6
1

, ,
,
-. (. 9)
, , ( 11.16), , 23
. 422


(. 10) , , ,
, . , , , ,
, .
1.2.9
1

, , , ,
. ,
, .
2
, , , .
3

: , , -, 176. .
[, 1928].
1.2.12
1

navakambala
, nava , .
2
, ,
, .
. , . 1, 2.
3
, ,
, .
1.2.13
1

, ,
,
, , , , , .
2

, -
, .
3
,
.
1.2.14
1

: Atra samdhih... -423

14*


, , , .
1.2.16
1

, ,
, ..
,
.
1.2.19
1

,
, , ,
: Vipratipattyapratipatti (. . 1 1.1.1).
1.2.20
1

, , ,
16 , . , ,
, , - ,
(. . 4, 1).

II

, 16 - ,
,
. , 15 , , , ,
, .
, , , , ( ), (.
. 8 1.1.1).
.1.1
1

, , , , , , .
424

, 1.1.23: ... ... ,

(upapatti)
, ,
(
adhyavasya) ,
.
, , .
.2
1

,
1.1.23, , , , , , ,
, - , .
.1.3
1

,

, ,
,
, . 1.2.1 (. ).

.1.4
1

, ( ?) ,
- - ( ,
16 ), .
, -
.
.1.5
1

1.1.23,
reductio ad absurdum.
.1.6
1

(, ,
425


, , , ), . . . 3 1.1.23.
. 1.7
1

, ,

- , . .
[, 1916, . 185].
, , 1.1.23 ,
,
, , , ,
, ,
, , ( - , ).
II.1.8
1

. .
II. 1.8-11 , - , (buddhi) ,

, .
( ., II . ..), , , (1.1-3).
, : ( ),
, , ( ), , ,
( ). . [ElPh, 1996, . VII, . 367-369]. ,
, ,
( ad hominem), . , , II. 1.8-11
[, 1985, . 107, 115].
. ,
, , 426

.- -: , , -: , , . , .
- ,
, . ad hominem
.

(
) [, 1991,
. 4-7, 11].
,
, . . ,
, reductio ad impossibile
-
(-, 1-). . 1.17-18
. 1.9 .
. 1.9
1

, , 1.1.4: , ...
.1.10
1

,
, ,
.
2
, pramna, . . 2 . 3 1.1.3.
.1.11
1

. :
,
,
(. . 1 . 1.8) [, 1991, . 34-35].
2
, , , , , .
3
, , , .
427

, - , (. ) -
.
11.1.12
1

, ,

, , ,
, , , .
2
, .
.13
1

, , , .
2
, , , .
II.1.14
1

, ,
, ,
, ,
, , (. 56).
2
, , vi- vipratiedha
.
II.1.15
1

. 1.11 : Taditah
samutthnam yath vijnyeta.
2
. 1.11.
.15-16
1

.
11.1.16
1

, , (tantrrtha)
1.1.1.
428

.. 1.1.10.
pramiti , , , .
4
- (
)
kraka, ,
, . , ,
1.4.24, 32, 42, 45, 49, 54 (
, hetu).
- [, 1976, . 216-222].
3

II.1.17
1

. 32, , , , -.
.1.18
1

. 33,
: ( ) , ( )
. , , ,
, .
.19
1

, ( , , ) ,
.
2
, ,
, (,
) . ,
, .
: , , .. ..,
,
(, , ),
, .
3
: ...samyogavised tmasamavycca.
, , ,
429


(samyoga),
.
4
, , , , ( ).
5
, - , ,
. -. , . 34-39, ,
.
( . . 33) , ,
(. 34), argumentum
ad absurdum, , , ,
(. 35) ,
, (. 36; . .12).
.19-20
1

, , ,
.
.1.20
1

.
2

, , , - (. 1.1.1).
.1.21
1

buddhi (pi).
II.1.23
1

reductio ad absurdum: ,
- ? , , , 1.1.4 , , , ..
430


. 1.24
1

. 1.1.10,
.
2
,
, ,
(, , ), , , .
II. 1.28
1

, ,
, 1.1.4
, :
,
, .
.1.31
1

, , :
.
2
: dravyntarotpattipake , , .
3
( )
buddhi (sg.). pratyaya.
4
, : (
) [, 1916, . 212-213].
5
.,
[-, -, 1982, . 95].
, , ,
, .
. 1.33
1

, , ,
, , .
2
: ...iti tatrvayavavrttam nopapadyata iti (, [] , ).
.1.35
1

, , ,
.
431

, , ,
, , ,
(
), , , ,
, .
.., ,
,
[, 1930-1932, . I, . 444445]. ,

.
3
,
, ,
( -
, ).
.1.36
1

, , , , ..
,
.
. 1.37
1

: ...bhkta ekabuddhih.
( ) ( )
, .
2
, , ,
,
1.2.8.
3
(pradhnam) , ( , - ).
4
, .
5
,
II. 1.35.
6
, , .
7
'
.
8
,
. 432


,
, .
9
- ,
(.. )
: (. . 2 . 1.35), .
10



, - (-), X. (1859-1932), . (1880
1943), . (1886-1941) . (1887-1967).
, , (Gestalt), .
-,
, .
.1.38
1

, ,
( )
( ).
2
- ,
. ,
( ), ,

.
II.1.39
1

, (. ), ,
, :
.
.1.40
1

( .
433


. 1.32, ) ,
, ,
.
0 - .,
.
,
, , . , - (
). . [, 1983,
. 96-97]. , , .
.1.41
1

(
) .,
,
, ,
. ,

, . :
.
.1.42
1

(nihsvabhvatva) (-). (
). ., , (. 48-50),
.
2
, , , , , .
.1.46-47
1

, .
, , ,
, , . - (V-VIBB.) [-, 1973,
. 12] (IX .) [ , 1871,
. 27-28].
434


11.1.48
1

, ( ) , . ,
- . , , ,

, , ,
, , , .
II. 1.49
1

, ,
: , , ( ). , ,
, .
.1.50
1

, ,
.
.1.53
1

(dvpa), : , ,
, , , , . , ,
; , , .
2
: prptilakariastu.
, (autpattika) . - 1.1.5; , , (nitya).
3
:
, ( , ).
, ,
(, ).
, ,
( , , , ), 435


. ,
, ,
.

II. 1.53-54
1

. , ,
,

( ,
).
. 1.54
1

, , .

II. 1.56
1

, , .

.1.57-58
1

,
, .
.1.58
1

yva -, sabala .
, X. 14.1011, , .
2
,
: , ,
, , , .
.1.65
1
2

XVI.7.2.
XVI. 1.2.
11.1.68-

( ).
.1.69

, : 1) ; 2) ; 3)
436


. , , , .
2
, : , ; ,
; , .
3
Ayuj+ ni , ,
niyoga .
.2.1
1

aitihya ,
, , .. ; , , , : , .
2
(arthapatti),
, (1.1.5), ,
: , ,
, (abduction) .,
. , , , , , , , .
, , . . [, 1958, . 89164].
3
. sambhava , [, 1968-1969, . 204], ,
, , .
4
abhva ,
, .
, (. VI . ..), ( 1.1.4).

.2.1-2
1

, , ,
. ,
, ,
437


,
. , ,
.
,
, , (. . 1 II. 1.48).

.2.2
, , , - ,
. , , , ,
: , , .
,
, , ,
.
1

II.2.4
1

: abhvasya hi bhvah pratyanka iti.

, ,
( ).
.2.5
1

, , , ,
, .
.2.12
1

, , : - ,
( , ).
.2.12-13
1

, , 1.1.23.
2
., .
3
., .
4
., .
5
., .
.2.13
1

Figura etimologica: di ()
dyate asmt.
438


" : vyanjaka, , , ,
, , .
J
, ,
, .
.2.16
1

(samtna) :
, .., ( ) ,
.
.2.17
1

-, ( ).
2
, .
3
, .
4
. , - .
.2.18
1

varna
ipL), , , , . . [SW,
. VI, . 27].
.2.19
1

, ,
.
2
: pratytmavedanyatvt.
.2.22-23
1

1.2.8.
.2.24

, II.2.22:
, , ( ).
.2.28
1

, , ,
.
439


.2.29
1

, ,
, ,
.
.2.31
1

, - .
.2.35
1

.
2
, , . ,
.
IL2.37-38
1

.
, , , , .
.2.38
1

: , - ? , ,
,
, [, 1916,
. 306].
.2.39
1

( ) , , ,
, ..
,
. ,
, , , -
, .
.2.39-40
1

dhvanimtra
varntmaka . varna . . 1 II. 1.18.
440


II.2.40
1

dadh/atra = dadhi + atra. , .

2
, , (- 1.1.5-18), , ( /),
, , , / .
, ,
,
, ( -), , ,
, , , . / - ; , ,
. . [, 1959, . 41-47].
3
: anvaya .
. :
, ,
.
4
itK = iti +; dadh/hara = dadhi +hara.
5
, , , .
6
II.4.52.
.2.41
1

, ., ,
, .
2
, /
, /.
.2.42
1

, .,
, .
.2.43
1

, .
.2.44

: , ,
/, /.
151709

441

.2.46
1

, , , ,
. , , , , , , , ,
. , sui generis ,
.
.2.47
1

, , .
.2.52
1

, ( ), , ( ), . - ,
.
II.2.54
1

, , .
.2.56
1

vyadh (); , ,
//.
.2.59
1

stah as ().
.
.2.60
1

: samjn , , ,
. ,
, .
2
, ( V .
..), : , , 442


(). ,
, [, 1952].
.2.62
1

s m n y a jti , .
.2.63
1

, , .
.2.65
1

: jtivisea , -,
. - s m n y avisera.
.2.68
1

: smnyagati.
, .
, , (. , .2.70).
, ,
, : , ,
[, 1916, . 332].
2

11.2.69
1

, ,
II.2.62.
2
.
.2.70
1

.
.2.71

,
- (. . 1 .2.65). ,
.
15

443


III

, , (. 1.1.1), , , , , 1.1.9.
2
: vyapdesa, , , .
ULLI
1

, ,
kartr , (
agent), .
,
kartr.
2
, ,
, .
III.1.2
1

, , .
2

anvaya vyatireka.
III.1.3
1

, , , ,
, , , , , .
III.1.4
1

, , , , , , , , ,
. :
, , ,
, .
2
,
,
, ,
,
, , , 444


, , ,
.
III.1.5
1

, -
, ,
. ,
, ,
( ., ) , - , (.6) . [, 1994,
. 223-224]. , -, , , : , (. 18-19).
.1.6
1

kartr
, , , , , , , .
2
, , (
, ucchedavdin, [-, 1967, . 34-35]). ,
,
, ,
, , (
: ,
,
XII.211.31-36). ,
.
111.1.7
1

, , ,

. ,
, , .
.1.8
1

, , , , , .
445

III.1.10
1

.
, ,
(
, II. 1.33-37),
.

.1.14
1

, , .. (. 1.2.8).
2
, , 1) ;
2) ; 3) .
III.1.16
1

-
. , - , , , ,
, .
- . , ,
:
, .
.1.17
1

-
: 1)
2) , , . - :
. , , , - (
antahkarana),
- ,
- .
III.1.20
1

, , ,
( ).
, , , 446


: 1) , , ; 2) , .. ,
- [. 1916, . 367
368].
III. 1.25
1

,
, .
.1.26
1

: cintana,
,

. , ,
anucintana .
2
: tmotpddhikarannm tu rgotpattirbhavant... , , , , ( ).
3
Adrta ; -, .
4
: tanmytvat (, , ).
5
Bhvan , , ;
(samskra) - , ,
.
.1.26-27
1

: ekaprakrtikam nnprakrtikam ,
.
2
, , ..
; , , , , .
.1.27
1

, , ,
.
, ,
.
447

, , ( ,
,
).
.1.30
1

,
, ..;
,
- , .
,
, .

.31
1

;
(.16.3):
G , !
, !
, ,
!
(. ..). . [, 1972, . 200].
.1.31-32
1

, ,
11 ( , -) (), ,
, (), , , , (avyakta). .
- . 25 (. . 22).
III. 1.33
1

: cakuh , ,
-, .
III.1.34
1

, , , , ( ), , ,
. ,
,
, ,
, (III-IV . ..), (skmasarra)
448


, , (vibhu), . , , , ,
. . [, 1998, . 187, 230].
III .36

, .
1

.37
1

,
, . - , .
.41
1

III. 1.40.
.42

., , , , , , . . III. 1.38.
III. 1.43
1

,
, , .
.1.44
1

, , .
.44-45
1

, , 1.1.4.
.1.48
1

: ...avyuhyamnvayavena , .
1.53
1

, , . .,
, , ,
[, 1994, . 643-644].
449


, , .2.10.
;
. , ,
(antahkarana) , , 7, 11.
, ,
, , , , ,
.
2
, , , ,
.
3
: ,

, , ,
( ).
, :
,
[, 1916, . 387].
4

: ,
,
, .
.1.57
1

: sabd varntmano dhvanimtrsca.

2
,
, ( ,
).
.1.60
1

krti pancatvebhyah jti, , .

2
Samskra , ( ),
, . , -
(VI . ..)
-
( ),
( ) , ,
(. IV.9). , ,
(. III. 18). ,
, ,
450


, : ,
, .., ,
, (. 11.15 IV.27).
, .
,
, , , .
(. . 3 III. 1.26).
.1.62
1

, , ,
, ,
, -.
: (
) , ,
, .
.1.63
1

Sparsaparyanth sparsaparyantnm.
2
,
.
3
uttara, ,
, , , ..
.1.64
1

, -
; , , : ; , , : , .. . - -
, , , , , . ,
(IIIIV . ..) ,
,
.. [, 1998, . 187].
,
. ( ) .
III .66
1

(bhutasrti) ,
[ , 1996, . 492].
451


.1.67
1

, , , , , .
2
( ) ,

, , ,
.
3
.
4
,
,
, , , .
III. 1.70
1

, .
2
., , ,
.
III.1.71
1

- .
III.1.72
1

, , ,
.
.1.73
1

seavat
1.1.5.

.2.1-2
1

,
. ( ,
): , (- . 10).
III.2.2
1

, , .
.2.3
1

,
, , purua. 452


, , - , -. ,
, -, - .
2
-, , :
.
. , ,
, , , .
.2.5
1

,
, ( , ) , ,
, ,
.
.2.7
1

:
, - , ,
.
.2.8
1

- -
(1.1.4), , ,
,
.
2
, ( -, , , ), ,
, (- . 10).
.2.9
1

, , .
453

, .
.2.10
1

,
,
, ,
,
(, ). ,
(. ).
.2.11
1

, ,
, ,
, ( ), .

.2.11-12
1

, ,
, , , ,
,
, .
.2.14
1

: (, ) (, ) ,
(, ) . . [,
1916, . 412-413].
.2.15
1

(parinmavda),
, ,
(. - . 9
.). . [,
, , 1984, . 1324] . [, 1971, . 80]. , , -
.
.2.16
1

, , ,
454


- ,
, ,
, ,
. ,
, , , .

, .
.2.17
1

1.2.5 .
2
, , , ,
, , , , , .
3
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,
.
.2.17-18
1

1.1.10 , , , , , .
III.2.19
1

, , , - ,
, . ,
.
.2.22
1

- .
.2.24-25

. . III. 1.69.
IIL2.27

.
1.2.8: , , []
, , .
455

.2.32-33
1

- .
.2.33
1

: ...jnturvikaranadharmano. , ,
.
2
, , ,
, ,
,
,
.
.2.34
1

, ,
buddhi, ,
, , (- . 22).
2
, , , , . ,
, (VII .)
( [] )
(VIII .),
...
- ( ) ,
.
,
. [, 1998, . 93-95, 106-109]. ,

, - -

.
.2.35
1

, , , . . III. 1.27-31.
.2.37
1

, , , .
2
( , ),
456


,
, .
3
.
.2.39
1

-
, 1.1.5.
2
Nirtmaka , .
.
.2.41
1

( dhransstra), ..
,
, - ( -). , ,
., .. . [ , 1967-1976, . 4, . 148].
2
, , , ,
- , (, ,
, ,
).
3
, -; , VI.47. , , , , , .

.2.41-42
1

: utpannpavargin , .
. ,
( ) [,
1988, . 295], , , (
) ,
, . , , ,
, , .
-, , III.2.41-45
III.2.1-8: 457


(buddhi) ,
[,
1996, . 137].
.2.42
1

.
, , : , , ,
.
3
, ,
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.
2

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1

, , , , .. , , . ,
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2
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3
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4
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.2.45
1

, III.2.43.
: , . : , , ,
.
(. . 1 .2.41-42), (
, , . - .443).
.2.47
1

karana, a krana, .. .
458

( , )
, ,
, .
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1

, ,
,
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1

( . 18 .).
2
argumentum ex contrario:
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1

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1

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(, ) (, ), . , , .
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1

,
,
. . . 1 .2.45.
.2.60-61
1

: nstika, ,
- .
459


.2.61
1

( puruartha), , , , . , : .
.2.62
1

1.2.7.
.2.63

: iti utpannam bjnuvidhnamiti. , ,

, . ,
, .
.2.64
1

Arbuda , ,
.
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1

dhtu , .
,
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2
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3
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1

, ,
, 460


. ,
- (- . 67), , .
2
, . , , , (
) -,
- [ , 1967-1976, . III, . 175].
3
, (adrsta) ,
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, - (V.2.3-14, 19-20). , ,
, , .
4
-, ,
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.2.69
1

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1

. :
, ..,
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1

, , , , , .
2

.

IV

IV.1.2
1

: ...iti prdurbhvatirodhnadharmaka. ,
, , , (
), ( ., ,
461


). .
IV.1.9
1

, , ,
, ,
.
IV.1.9-10
1

,
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;
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1

,
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.
IV.1.14
1

, , , ,
-;
.
IV.1.19
1

, , , , (. issakranavda ). -
( V.227-246), , ,

, . , (akiryavda). . - (III.31.27) :
462

, ,
.
[ , 1995, . 230].
IV. 1.21
1

, ..
, . , , ,
.
2
,
, . ,
, ,
( .. 14-22).
3

-, (),
, , , (1.24).
,
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4
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5
, ,
.
6
: ...nirmnaprkamyam.

, .
7
, ,
(.
- 1.5-9), .
IV. 1.22
1

( ,
[ ] ) , , ,
, ,
463


.
- 1.2, svabhva (kla) (niyati).
, , -, . , .,
[, 1921, . 399]. , (.231.3-6,
. 225.19-21). ,
( . [, 1937, . 67-72]). (. 61) , , :
, ?
.
[ , 1995, . 231].
- [, 1904, . 1050; -,
1973, . 72; , 1922, . 75].
IV.1.23
1

, -
( . [, 1997,
. 51-57]).
IV.1.26
1

, ,
, (IV. 1.23),
.
IV.1.29
1

( ) (. . 1 IV. 1.32-33), . , -
464


[-, 1967, . I, . 55], ,
(, , ),
( , ), , . . [, 1997, . 61-62].
IV. 1.32
1

.
IV.1.32-33

(- . 9), ,
.
I . .. -, :
, ", , , , , , [, ] [-, 1967, . I, . 14 .].

rv.1.35
1

, :
aneka vidhalakanair...
2
. 1.1.14; II.1.36; .1.62.
IV.1.36
1

,
, , -, , - ,
( , ,
). , ,, : , , - (
,

).
IV.1.37
1

, , , , , , : ,
, , ,
,
465


[ , 1967-1976, . IV, . 47-48].
: ,
, .
.
IV.1.37-38
1

, , : .
2
- , :
(,
), .
IV.1.38
1

, ,
, , , ,
.
IV. 1.39
1

,
(svabhva) . ,
,
,
- (-), -
(XXIV. 18). , ,
(. 22 .).
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1

, , ,
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IV.1.41
1

, , , ,
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( , ..). , , , ()
(. ),
466


IV. 1.48
1

(
)
, -
(- 1.1-6).
IV.1.50
1

-
, , , , . ,
, , . ( ).
IV.1.54-55
1

-: , [ ] , , ,
[] , (II. 15) [, 1963, . 66].
IV. 1.55
1

,
. - III. 18, , , , . . [, 1963, . 128].
IV.1.58
1

, ,
, , , , , ,
, (. ..), , [-, 1884-1898, . V,
. 421-423].
2
: ...duhkhameva janmeti...
467


IV.1.59
1

. - VI.3.10.5.
-, ,
, , (1.7.2.1-5).
2
klesa (, ) ,
, - (. 1.24, .2-3, 12, IV.28, 30).
IV.1.60
1

, ,
, .
2
(, ) (, ).
( ). , , . . - -.
3
.
4
, , - , .
5
(.5) - (. 3), (X. 10.3).
6
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III. 12.7.
7
- III. 8.
8
- 11.23.1. , ,
. - -, , , - , - - .
9
- IV. 4.22.
10
- IV.4.5.
11
- IV.4.6.
12
- V.7.2.3.
IV.1.61
1

- IV.5.15. :
[] , - (. . 8 IV. 1.60).
IV.1.62
1

- IV.4.22.
468

,
,
,
.
3
,

,
,
, ,
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4
, ,
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1

.
IV 1.66
1

, ,
,
.
IV.1.67
1

, .
2
, .
IV.1.68
1

.,
,
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,
,
( ).
2
, ,
,
. , ,
469


, ,
.
3
, , . , , , , ,
( jvanmukti).
IV.2.1
1

. , 12
(), 1.1.9.
2
. III. 1.1.
3
. . 1 IV. 1.54-55.
4
, : 1) , ,
( 1.1.9); 2) , ; 3)
; 4) , ,
. . [
, 1967-1976, . IV, . 5]. ,
arthapada 1.1.1:
" , , ,
. []
.
IV.2.1
1

( ) , .
IV.2.1-2
1

: prasankhyna , , , .
IV.2.2
1

.
IV.2.3
1

: anuvyanjanasamjn.
2
, , ,
..
470

,
, , ,
.
.
4
,
,
, .
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1

. , ,
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IV.2.5
1

.
. 1.33-37.
IV.2.6
1

II. 1.34- .
IV.2.7
1

. , , , , . ,
, .
IV.2.8
1

, .
2
, : , .
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1

, , , , -, , ,
, .. ,
().
471

IV.2.10
1

: ( ),
, .
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1

,
, , :
, ( samavya). , ,
.
IV.2.12
1
2

.
: sraysrayibhva.
V.2.14

, .
2
, ,
, ,
, .
3
, (),
, , ,
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(V.2). ,
,
.
1

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1

. -, , ,
(
), , , . -, ,

.
IV.2.17
1

,
.
472


,
( ), , (
, ).
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1

., ( ), , .
IV.2.22
1

: ...yath kthenodakam. . , , , , : , .
, , .
2
veg.
IV.2.23
1

: sama. , ,
, , .
IV.2.24
1

, ,
, , .
. [, 1986, . 89-92].
IV.2.25
1

,
,
,
.
IV.2.25-26
1

,
, . .,
, - - (.167 ..), ,
IIIIV . .., ..
[-, 1913, . 85, 167]. . .,
16 - 1709

473


- [,
1911, . 9-11; , 1971, . 216-217]. , . [, 1985, . 124-126]. , , . -
.
2
: buddhy vivecana , .
IV.2.26
1

.
IV.2.28
1

,
, .
IV.2.29
1

, .
IV.2.30
1

.
2
,
, , ,
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1

, .
2

. .
-, , - , ,
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1

,
.
2
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474

.
IV.2.36

,
, , , .
IV.2.37
1

, .
, , :
.
2

IV.2.38
1

: dhrakena prayatnena , .
IV.2.43

,
,
.
,
IV . .. , ,
-, , .
( ),
III . ..,
(. 1-20).
,
.
IV.2.45
1

: yatana.
IV.2.46

yama
niyama, -:
, , ,
, , , , (11.30, 32).
2
,
( ),
, , , ,
(- .63).
16*

4 7 5


, .
3
(prnyama),
(pratyhara) (dhran)
,
-, (dhyna)
, (11.49, 54, III. 1,2).
IV.2.49
1

: ...svadarsanam parisodhayediti anyo 'nyapratyankani ca

prvduknm darsanni. ,
, .
IV.2.50
1

V
V.1.1
1

, ,
(sama): , , .. ,
, .., ,
, .
V.1.2
1

(prayatna), ,
, , - (1.1.5).
2
.
3
, , ,
, ,
( ), ( ). ,
, . , , ,
,
,
. ,
, ,
.
476

8-9 ( . , . 3,
1). :
1) ;
2) , ; 3) ; 4) , ,
: , , ;
[, 1991, . 112]. ,

.
V.1.3
1

(prakarana) ,
, ,
- . 1.1.39 [-, 1966, . 348],
,
, (.
1.1.1 1.1.39).
2
, /, , ,
( comparaison n'est pas
raison ).
, , , , , ,
.
V.1.4
1

- , , ,
,
.
2
( 1, 2) utkarasama apakarasama
: ,
, , ( , , , ), 477


: , , [, 1991,
. 112].
V.1.6
1

,
,
. [-, -, 1982, . 381]. . [-, 1913, . 146], ,
, , , .
2
,
,
.
V.1.7
1

- -
11 12 . . [, 1991, . 111].
V.1..8
1

, , ,

: , .

,
, , .
V.1.9
1

: samskra.
,
,
.
2

V.l.10
1

. 1.1819, .
V.l.11
1

, , , .
478


V.1.12
1

, II.2.1329.
V.1.14
1

,

. ,
.
2
( 15) samsayasama.
: , , ,
[, 1991, . 112-113].
V.l.15
1

. , ,
, ,
, (), ().
. 1.1.23.
V.l.16
1

,
, ,
, , ,
.
V.1.17
1

,
, , .
V.1.18
1

, , .
2
. , II. 1.9-11,
. . . II. 1.8.
V.l.19
1

., .,
479


[, 1991, . 50; , 1996, . 215].
, .
V.1.20
1

.,
, (
) -
[, 1991, . 50]. . ,
:
V.1, , , ,
[, 1996, . 215-216].
V.1.23
1

14 . .
[, 1991, . 111-112].
V.1.28
1

, , ,
, .
V.1.29
1

,
, II.2.19.
2
17 : , [, 1991, . 113].
V.1.30
1

.2.21, , ,
(.. ), -
.
V.1.31
1

: svasamvedya.
V.1.32

, , ,

.
480


V.1.33
1

, , ,
.
, . , ,
.
V.l.34
1

. V.1.23.
V.1.36

, , - ( -) , - .
V.1.37
1

16
: , , , [, 1991, . 113].
V.l.38
1

, .
V.1.40

.
,
, ( V), I, ,
- [,
1996, . 223].
V.1.41
1

, V.l.37-38.

V.1.42
1

, , , , .
481


V.l.43
1

. ,
, , ! (22-25). , - . . [,
1996, . 222-223].
V.2.1
1

: ...parjayavastunyapardhadhikaranni.
V.2.3

.
V.2.6
1

,
- . 15-16. ,

, , ,
, ,
, ,
, , ,
.
V.2.7
1

, , (V-IV . ..). . [, 1952].
V.2.12
1

,
.
V.2.13
1

, ,
, .
V.2.14
1

.
2
. 1.1.39 .1.65.
482


V.2.17
1

1.2.19
.
V.2.18
1

, , ,
,
, ,
-. . [-, 1937, . 282-285].
,
, . . :
.
, , .
" , " ; , ,
. [ ] ,
, , [ ]. [, 1997,
. 299]. ,
, .
V.2.16 (
) V.2.13,
.
V.2.19
1

, , , .
V.2.20
1

, (V.l.39-43).
V.2.23
1

, , -: , , 483


: , - ,
- IV.2 [, 1963,
. 165]. , ,
1.1.29.
V.2.24
1

1.2.4-9.

Yo 'kapdamrim nyyah pratyabhdvadatm varam

Tasya vtsyyana idam bhyajtamavartayat
Bhyajtam [] .
,
(., , [-, , 1982, . 421]), , , , .
, , . . 5, 1.

,
;
.
(), .
Emblic Myrobalan, , .
, .
, , ,
( , , ); , , , , ; , ,
.
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, : , ,
; , .
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-, .
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, .

, ,

.

(
).
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485


,
.
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I . .. , -, - -; () (.) (.), .
iti hsa, , ,
(.),
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,
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, .
, .
Phaseolus Radiatus, ,
.
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Phaseolus Mungo, , .
Phaseolus Trilobus, , .
Butea Frondosa.
486


, (, , ).
, 1 .
,
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( ) ().
-, (
)
; : , ,
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,
, .
.
.
-, .
, .
, .

. .

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56, 57, 412, 413, 435, 437

41,71
. 70
10, 47, 56, 450, 473
136
26, 136
.. 90
.. 84,89, 139
- 468
- 46,468
66, 73
411,412
- 464,468
. 127
32, 74
21
42
. 85
. 21, 81, 88, 116

. 75
32, 135,407
14, 18, 120, 136, 406, 412,
413, 417, 418, 422, 423, 426, 431, 440,
443, 446, 447, 450, 454, 473
. 63,73,74,78,82, 83, 117
88, 411
60, 61, 63-66, 93, 138, 477482
- 27
. 84
.. 81, 117
. 22,33,83, 88, 116, 119

501

.. 10, 12, 15, 26, 82, 83,

88, 116,414,415,432,433,456
80
X. 433
. 414
40, 419, 448, 449, 451
- 57, 69,486
47, 57, 227, 468, 485, 486
. 36, 77, 81-83, 87, 116, 119, 407,
473
410,442,482

SUMMARY

It is for the first time that the Nyyasutras (circa the 3rd-4th centuries
A.D.) together with their commentary Nyyabh$ya (the 4th-5th centuries
A.D.) have been translated into Russian from their Sanskrit originals. As a
result, both experts in the history of philosophy and "laymen" can be introduced
into the famous Indian philosophical school which specialized in the theory of
argumentation and debates, laid solid foundations of the whole medieval
scholastic philosophizing in India and presented a full-scale system of doctrines
in the areas of epistemology, logic, philosophy of language, ontology, natural
philosophy and soteriology wherein its contributions were extensive and usually
of fundamental importance.
Ascribed by the native tradition to the mythical philosopher Gautama
(Aksapda), the Nyyasutras were actually being codified during several
centuries until they received their final shape. The text has five sections further
divided into chapters. The first section deals with the sixteen padrthas or main
topics. The second one is dedicated to discussions of doubt, instruments of
knowledge (in general), perception, the problem of the whole and parts,
inference, present time, analogy, verbal testimony and reliability of the Vedas
followed by defence of the fourfoldness of the instruments of knowledge (in
opposition to other Indian systems), discussion of the noneternal nature of
sound (in opposition to Mmrns) and certain issues of philosophy of the
language, such as explanation of euphonic changes (the samdhi rules) and the
meaning of words. Some of controversial problems having to do with "physics"
are being dealt with in the third section. The compilers of the stra-text prove
that the Self (tman ) is not to be confounded not only with the sense organs
but also with the mental organ (manas), discuss the nature of body, senses and
their objects, investigate the transitory nature of judgements (buddJii), relation
of destruction and production, the Self as the locus of judgements, and the role
of karma in the production of the body. The fourth section's topics are matters
of "practical philosophy", i.e., defects of consciousness (do$a); the role of God
in the world; substantiation of the view that some things are eternal whereas
other noneternalfruits of one's actions, suffering {duhkha) and release
(mok$a) interrupted by such quite "metaphysical" problems as the whole and
parts or the measure of the existence of the external world (arguments against
Buddhist Idealists are evident here). The last, fifth, section of the text deals
separately with various kinds of futile answers, ways of losing an argument in
debate. It was this enlarged reiteration of the first section's topics in the last one
that led G. Oberhammer and some other Indologists to the conclusion that these
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two sections made sometimes something like a separate textbook on dialectics

(i.e., Vda-Tradion) expanded later by the subject-matter of three other sutra
sections (this view is criticized in the book).
The Nyyabhsya, composed by the outstanding philosopher Vtsyyana,
has been, it seems, the very standard of a philosophical commentary in the
whole Brhmanic tradition. The author of the commentary does not confine
himself to elucidating the sutras, but also tries to transform their meanings into
a coherent philosophical system. Of crucial methodological significance is
Vtsyyana's commentary on the very first stra. Here, in his "prolegomena",
the bh$yakrin formulates, for the first time in the history of Indian thought,
the difference between real philosophizing as theoretical, i.e., investigative
activity (the term nvksik is cited) and "the mere knowledge of tman"
which was characteristic of the Upanisadas. This very activity is, further,
distributed between three successive "philosophical undertakings" of (1) enumerating some classes of topics, (2) defining these classes and (3) verifying the
definitions proposed.
All Indian philosophical traditions presented their tenets in polemics with
all other schools, and Nyya, which developed the very method of controversy,
was by no means an exception to this rule. This Indian dialogical mentality has
been emphasized in the translation of the abovementioned texts presented to
some degree as a play where the Naiyaika and representatives of Materialism,
Buddhism, Smkhya, Mmms, etc. are the main characters.
The introduction to the translation deals with defining the 16 classical
Nyya topics (padrtJia), i.e., the means of the right knowledge (pramana),
objects of knowledge (prameya), doubt (samsaya), motive {prayojana),
illustrative examples {drstnta), tenets (sddJinta), the members of a syllogism (avayava), reasoning (tarka), ascertainment of the right solution of a
dilemma (nirnaya), dispute (vda), sophistic debate (JaJpa), eristic debate
(vitanda), cavils (cJiaJa), pseudoarguments (hetvbhsa), futile rejoinders
( jti ), and the causes of defeat in a debate (nigrahasthna ) constituting the
specific heritage of the darsanaXo the same extent as seven dimensions of being
(including non-being) in Vaisesika, which is close to this tradition, nine
parameters of individual being in Jainism, 25 cosmic principles in Smkhya or
75 dharmas in classical Buddhism. Nevertheless, no other system of fundamental principles of any Indian philosophical system ever caused so much essential
controversy among Indologists, arguing whether these padrthas are to be
regarded as philosophical "categories" (T. Colebrooke and his successors)
or nothing more than mere "topics" (F. Max Mller and his followers) to this
day. The proposed solution of this old dilemma differs from preceding
attempts, since it is not "dogmatic" but essentially historical. Initially the
16 padrthas were not philosophical categories and represented rather a
curriculum of the "interdisciplinary" discursive and polemical activity of an
Indian intellectual (competing with several other curricula one of which was
503

preserved in Caraka-Samhit, III.8.27-65). They became real philosophical

categories only in the work of Vtsyyana, and therefore Nyya, which took
serious steps toward becoming a philosophical school (these efforts are already
reflected in the stras), becomes a philosophical system based on a specific
categorial foundation. At the same time, we are probably dealing with a
historical paradox: a "non-categorical" list of topics originally served as the
initial material for all-Indian categoriology. But any history, including the
history of philosophy, prefers experiments through paradoxes, especially when
its plans are destined to be fulfilled by such outstanding figures as Vtsyyana.
This solution can form a valid foundation for the division of the history of
Nyya tradition into four main periods, i.e., proto-Nyya (some methods of the
Nyya dialectics are already in the formation while the padrthas under
discussion are still absent), early Nyya (the padrthas are being in the process
of formation but their canonization as well as the unification of their interpretation is not yet finished), the production of the stras (the abovementioned
problems of the Nyya tradition being resolved but the padrthas themselves
are not as yet categorized) and the period of early commentaries ending with
that of Vtsyyanathe 16 padrthas achieve the main criteria of categories,
i.e., generality, universal validity and "atomicism" (their irreducibility to each
other is implied) and true philosophical contents whichcontrary to popular
beliefhad a strong and specific ontological (not merely epistemological)
character. All the named stages are scrutinized against the background
of parallel developments in other Indian traditions of dialectics (firstly of
the Buddhist origin) and those exegetical (Mlmms) and philosophical
( Vaisesika) traditions which were close to Nyya.
The translator's own commentaries include amplifications concerning this
or that passage of the texts as well as some additional points, firstly, those of
importance for the understanding of the Nyya philosophy's opponents and
disagreements between Vatsyyana and his successors. The book is concluded
with Glossary of some Sanskrit terms, Bibliography and Index of personalities
and texts.

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