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GuptaDynasty'slongandefficientrulehasmadeahugeimpactonthepolitical,socialandcultural
spheresinthehistoryofancientIndia.GuptaPeriodisknownastheGoldenAgeofIndia.Culture
& lifestyle of the Gupta dynasty is well known through the availability of various ancient coins,
Scriptures, inscriptions, texts, etc. belonging to that era. Gupta rulers were efficient conquerors
andgoodadministratorswhoknewhowtogovern.

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During Gupta Period education flourished and many great discoveries were made in these fields. Aryabhatta and Varahamihira,
thetwogreatmathematicianscontributedinthefieldofVedicMathematics.Aryabhattafoundandestimatedthevalueof"Pi"to
the fourth decimal place. Algebra was developed to a great extent and the concepts of zero and infinity were also found and
symbols of numbers 1 to 9 were devised which was a great contribution in mathematics. Advances in astronomy were also on
heightsinGuptaAge.Astronomersandphilosophersproposedthetheorythattheearthwasnotflatbutround.
During this period theory of gravity was also propounded. The astronomers made great achievements when they found out the
differentplanetsandstartedtomakehoroscopesbasedontheplanetarypositions.Thefieldofmedicinealsoadvancedalotand
doctorsusedtoperformoperationsevenduringtheGuptaAge.

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DuringthisageSanskritlanguageandliteraturewereatitspeak.PoetsKalidasa,Dandi,Visakhadatta,Shudraka,andBharavi
allbelongedtotheGuptaAge.Puranasandshastraswerecomposedandfamouscommentariesonsacredworksappeared.This
age brought about the practice of dedicating temples to different deities which was followed by fine artistic temple architecture
and sculpture. Of the twentyeight Ajanta caves, most of them were constructed during Gupta Period. Gupta inscriptions on
"victory pillars" provide first hand information not only about royalty but society in general. Due to this advancement in different
areasthisperiodwascalledtheGoldenAgeofIndianHistory.

Gupta Dynasty had some of Indias best and the most magnificent works of art. The famous cave
paintings at Ajanta, the Sarnath Buddha, the Deogarh Dashavatara Temple panels and the Udaygiri
VarahaCavearesomemarvellousconstructionsoftheGuptaage.

Place

Bihar,UttarPradesh

Period

A.D.320550

Language

Sanskrit

Religion

HinduismBuddhism

Kings

SriGupta,ChandraguptaI,Vishnugupta

Chandragupta(319335A.D)
SriguptaI(270290AD)apettyrulerofMagadha(modernBihar)establishedGuptadynastywithPatliputraorPatnaasitscapital.
He was succeeded by his son Ghatotkacha (290 305 AD). His son Chandragupta ascended the throne after Ghatotkacha. He
wasaverypowerfulGuptarulerwhowagedmanybattlestoattainhistitle.HewasmarriedtoKumaradeviafterwhichtheGupta
dynasty came into eminence which bought an enormous power, resources and prestige. Chandragupta eventually assumed the
titleofMaharajadiraja,whichmeanskingofkings.
Samudragupta(335375A.D)
Samudragupta was the son of Chandragupta who later ascended the throne of Gupta Dynasty. He was called the "Indian
Napoleon"asheconqueredmanyterritorieswithoutmakingmuchofaneffort.AfterEmperorAshokaitissaidthat,theempireof
Samudragupta was the supreme. Many facts are revealed with help of excavation of coins found in this age. Samudragupta
performedtheAsvamedhaYagnaandabletogainmuchfamepower&propsperity.Duringhisrule,manygreatdiscoveriesand
advancementsweremadeindifferentfieldslikeastronomy,mathematics,medicine,etc.
ChandraguptaII(375414A.D)
Also known as Vikramaditya, he was chosen by his father as the successor and the future ruler. Chandragupta II was an able
rulerofGuptaDynastyandagreatconqueror.HisconqueredthepeninsulaofSaurashtraviatheArabianSeawhichisconsidered
to be one of his greatest military successes. With the capture of Saurashtra and Malwa, he established sea ports to facilitate
tradeandcommerce.CapitalcityduringhisreignwasPataliputra.
KumaraguptaI(415455AD)
ThisguptakingruledforfortyyearsandwasconsideredtobeoneofthemostpowerfulrulersoftheGuptaPeriod.Hewasknown
bydifferentnameslike,ShriMahendra,AjitaMahendra,SimhaMahendra,AsvamedhaMahendra,MahendraKarma,etc.During
Kumaraguptas reign, the whole of India was united as one single entity. Though India was secular and people had their own
thoughtsandbeliefs,yettheyremainedunitedandintactinanyadversity.ItprovedwhenthesubjectsdroveouttheHunasfrom
the kingdom after the death of Kumaragupta. The historic scripts propound that Skandagupta was the ruler after Kumaragupta,
thoughtherearesometheoriesthatalsomentionPurugupta,KumaraguptaII,etc.Hewasaverypowerfulconquerorandwas
consideredtobeatparwithGodIndra.TheempireincludedthewholeofNorthIndiafromwesttoeastandthepeninsularregions
ofGujarat.
Militaryorganization

Guptas had achieved immense success with the force of arms which would not be possible
without the martial system. Historically, the best observation of this comes not from the
Hindus themselves but from Chinese and Western observers. A contemporary Indian
document,regardedasamilitaryclassicofthetime,theSivaDhanurveda,offersgoodinsight
intothemilitarysystemoftheGuptas.LikeIndiankingsbeforethemandaftercenturies,they
wouldhaveutilizedwarelephants.

ChariotswereusedheavilybythetimeoftheGuptas.Theyutilizedcavalrycladinarmourandequippedwithmacesandlances,
who would have used shock action to break the enemy line. The Guptas had mostly depended heavily on infantry archers, and
the bow was one of the dominant weapons of their army. The Guptas Rulers had good knowledge of siegecraft, catapults, and
other sophisticated war machines. The Gupta armies were probably the most disciplined. Guptas had able commanders like
SamudraguptaandChandraguptaIIwhowouldhavelikelyunderstoodtheneedforcombinedarmedtacticsandproperlogistical
organization. Their military success likely stemmed from the concerted use of elephants, armored cavalry, and foot archers.
Guptarulersalsohadgoodnavalcommand,allowingthemtocontrolregionalwaters.
Due to the defeat of Skandagupta by Huna, the Gupta Empire came to an end. The empire came to an end in the face of the
HunawhichhappenedduetothedefeatofbarbariansunderSkandagupta.

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