BAB I

Foreword

A. Background
The child is a little man who has the potential to be developed. Children have certain
distinctive characteristics and is not the same as adults, they are always active,
dynamic, enthusiastic and curious about what is seen, heard, and felt, as though they
never stop exploring and learning. Children are egocentric, and have a natural curiosity.
Children are social beings, unique, rich with fantasy, has a short attention span, and has
a period of the most potential to learn, therefore the educational efforts for the health of
children through the School Health Unit (UKS) is done by health workers Puskesmas is
very important because it will greatly assist the child in the growth into the future. A
healthy child is the root of the growth of the young generation is strong and superior to
fill a country's development. Factors conducive to the health of children to the future is
the

health

education

efforts

since

early

childhood

(Sujiono,

2009).

Education is the environmental influences on children to make the changes permanent

or permanent in the habit of behavior, thoughts and attitudes of children. Quality
education for children is closely related to human resources quality as well. Qualified
human resources is one that has physically and mentally healthy. Efforts to develop the
human resources quality and healthy among others, by implementing the School Health
Unit (UKS) (Sujiono, 2009).

B. The purpose of writing paper

1. The General Purpose
Understand and know about the business school mat (UKS), and

2. Special purpose
a. Knowing understanding health efforts
b. Knowing the scope of activities of the school health
c. Knowing the purpose of school health efforts
d. Knowing the business objectives of school health
e. Knowing the business activities of school health
f. determine the role of schools to promote health

BAB II
DISCUSSION

A. Definition
Healthy living as defined by the health agencies of the United Nations (UN) World
Health Organization (WHO) is a prosperous state of body, soul, and social that allow
people to live socially and economically productive. While mental health is a state which
allows the development of physical, mental, intellectual, emotional, and social optimal
from someone. In Law No. 23 of 1992 section 45 of the Health emphasized that "School
Health" was held to improve the ability of healthy life learners in a healthy living
environment so that students can learn, grow and develop in harmony and optimal that are
expected to make human resources quality. According to Sumantri (2007), learners should
be healthy and the parents pay attention to a healthy environment and eating nutritious
foods, so that human beings will be achieved pious, knowledgeable and healthy (SIS). In
the process of teaching and learning-oriented learning material on the head, heart and hand,
which is related to the knowledge, attitudes / values and skills. But still required health
factors (health) so that learners have 4 H (head, heart, hands and health).
School Health Unit (UKS) is an attempt to foster and develop healthy lifestyle habits and
behavior at school age learners who conducted a thorough (comprehensive) and integrated
(integrative) through educational programs and health education. UKS is part of the basic
health efforts sesuia workload goes to health centers in schools. To optimize the UKS
program should be increased participation of students as subjects and not just objects. With
UKS is expected to instill the attitude and behavior of healthy life to himself and able to
help others. From this sense, the infirmary is also known by the child-to-child programe.
Program of children, by children, and for children to create quality child.

B. The scope of activities

The main activities of school health in the call with uks trias, which consists of:
1. Health education
2. Health services
3. Guiding school life a healthy environment
Thus the triad uks blend between education and service efforts keseahatan. Health
education is a health education efforts are implemented in accordance with the school
curriculum. Health care is health efforts to improve the health of learners in order to grow
and develop healthy, which in turn can mningkatkan learning productivity and
achievement of learning. While fostering a healthy school environment is a combination of
the efforts of education and health measures to be applied in the school environment and
the daily lives of learners.
C. School health business objectives
Generally UKS aims to improve the quality of education and learning achievement of
learners by increasing clean and healthy behaviors and health status of students. It also
creates a healthy environment, so as to enable the growth and development of harmonious
and optimized in order to establish quality of Indonesian human. While specifically UKS
goal is to create a healthy environment of school life, increase knowledge, change attitudes
and behaviors shaping the school community healthy and independent. In addition, it also
increases the role of the learners in improving health in schools and households and
communities, improving keteramplan healthy life in order to protect itself against adverse
environmental effects.

D. Target business school health

UKS service objectives are all students of the level of education:
1. Schools kindergarten
2 Primary education
3. Secondary education
4. Religious education
5. Vocational education
6. Special education (special school)
For elementary school education elementary school in the priority class I, III, and VI
class. The reason is class I, a phase penyusuaian in the new school environment and free
from parental supervision, the possibility of contact with the various causes of the disease
is greater because of ignorance and lack of understanding of health. In addition, one class
is better for immunization Berika replications. In the class I do this in networking to detect
possible abnormalities that may arise making it easier supervision to the next level. Class
III, carried on in classes III to evaluate the results of the implementation of the results of
the implementation uks in the first class and the next steps that will be done in the coaching
program uks. Class VI, in order to prepare medical students to pursue further education, so
it requires maintenance and medical examinations ckup.
To learn effectively learners as a target UKS require good health. Health show that
the state of being of body, soul, and socially to enable more people to live socially and
economically productive. Health for learners is to determine the success of learning in
school, because the health of the learners can follow continuous learning. If students are

not healthy how to study properly. Therefore, we examine the concept put forward by the
United Nations (UN), that one of the indicators of the quality of human resources that is
health, not just education. There are three quality human resources, namely education
relating to how long to follow the education, health-related human resources, and the
economics associated with buying power. For economic level Indonesia still ranks or rank
very low at 108 in 2008, compared with neighboring countries. Economic progress of a
nation is usually correlated with the level of public health. The more advanced economies,
and the people the better the level of health. Therefore, if the rate of the economy still
ranks low, then the level of public health in general has not been in line with expectations.
Similarly, the human resources quality expected and the process still requires more effort
again.
E. The business activities of school health
Nemir school health classify into 3 main activities, namely:
1. School health education
a. Kegiatan intra kurikuler, the intention is health education is part of the school
curriculum, can be either a stand-alone subjects such as health science subjects or
inserted in the sciences laen such as sports and health, science, and so on.
b.

Kegiatan ekstra kurikuler, the intention is health education input in

ekstarakulikuler activities in order to instill healthy behavior of learners.

The activities can be carried out are:
a. Health education of personnel related to the health centers:
1) Personal hygiene which includes the maintenance of teeth and mouth, the
cleanliness of the skin and nails, eyes, ears and so on.
2) Healthy poster competition

3) Hygiene class Competition

2. School health care
School health care, intended to maintain, improve, and find health problems early Yag
possible to learners and teachers.
Health care in schools will be undertaken by pusekesmas officer who is a team
that in the form below coordinator UKS consisting of doctors, nurses,
interpreters immunization and so on. And for coordination at the district level in
the form of Trustees of school health team (TPUKS). Activity-activity that is
done is:
a.

The medical examination, which covers the teeth and the mouth, eyes, ears

and throat, skin and hair, etc.

b. Examination of the development of intelligence
c.

Giving immunization

d. The discovery of early cases that may occur

e.

simple treatment

f.

First aid

g. Referral when it finds a case that can not be addressed in schools, including
also the maintenance and inspection of teachers' health
F. The role of schools in improving health
In the era of globalization, many challenges for students who can threaten his
physical and mental health. Not a few children who show unhealthy behaviors, such as
more likely to consume unhealthy foods that are high in fat, sugar, salt, low in fiber,
increase the risk of hypertension, diabetes mellitus and obesity, and so on. Especially

before eating did not wash their hands first, allowing germs to enter the body. Besides
increasing the novice smoker, a young age, or the age of the students of the school that will
result in the risk of degenerative diseases. Other unhealthy behaviors alarming is doing free
association, so lapsed into social ills such as drug use or criminal acts. Moreover, these
unhealthy behaviors, caused by an unhealthy environment, as less clean homes, schools, or
communities.
Another challenge of unhealthy behaviors arise from self-learners themselves.
Physical activity they are less mobile, less any sport, lazy so not excited both at home and
or at school. Learners also tend to prefer and many watching television, playing video
games, and play station, resulting in less physically fit. As a result, they are prone to pain
and risk of various degenerative diseases at an early age. It is necessary for facilities and
programs for physical education or sports adequate and well programmed, at school and in
the surrounding communities. It is very supportive and enabling learners to move, create,
and exercise with a free, fun and beneficial to the health and physical fitness. Physical
health learners positively correlated to social emotional maturity. Teachers or parents need
to provide essential supplies for students that creates social-emotional maturity in order to
be successful in facing all kinds of challenges, including the challenge to succeed
academically. Learners will be able to control the stress they experienced, because if stress
is not controlled will cause a variety of diseases and will be an obstacle to the success of
learning.
To face the challenges that may threaten his physical and mental health of the school
memilkki important role to create and improve the health of students. Efforts are being
made among others by creating an environment "Healthy Schools" (Health Promoting
School / HPS) through UKS. This concept by the World Health Organization called HPS
(Health Promoting Schools) or the School of Health Promotion that "a health setting for
living, learning and working" with the aim (goal) "Help School Become Health Promoting
Schools." The program UKS this should be implemented so well that the school be a place
that can enhance or promote the health of learners.

According to WHO (Depkes, 2008) there are six main characteristics of schools that
can promote or improve health, namely
1.

Involving all parties associated with health problems to the school, students,

parents, and community leaders and organizations in the community.

2.

Strive to create a healthy and safe environment, including sanitation and water

that is free from all forms of violence, free from negative influences and abuse of
harmful substances, the atmosphere was caring parenting, respect and trust. The
creation of safe school yard, the community support fully.
3.

Provide health education to develop a curriculum that can improve the attitude

and behavior of learners positively to health, and can develop a variety of

keterampailan life that supports their physical, mental and social. In addition, pay
attention to the importance of education and training for teachers and parents.
4. Provide access (opportunity) for the implementation of health services in schools,
namely screening, early diagnosis, monitoring and development, immunization, and
treatment is simple. In addition, collaborates with local health centers, and conduct
programs of food begizi with regard 'security' food.
5. Implementing policies and efforts in schools to promote or improve health, the
policy supported by all school staff including realizing the learning process that can
create a healthy psychosocial environment for the whole school community. The next
policy providing existing services for all learners. Finally. policies on the use of
cigarettes, alcohol and drug abuse, including the prevention of all forms of violence /
harassment.
6.

Working hard to join or participate improving public health, by looking at the

health problems that occur in the community. Other ways to participate in the
activities of public health.

Efforts to develop "Healthy Schools" (Health Promoting School / HPS) through UKS
program needs to be socialized and well done. through health care (PHC) which is
supported by a steady and adequate by other related sectors, such as community
participation, businesses, and mass media. School as a venue for the learning process
should be the HPS, the schools can improve the health of residents of the school. This
work is done because the school has an environment that reflects the life of a healthy life.
Moreover, seeking optimal health care, to guarantee the process of learning well and create
conditions that support the achievement of the ability of learners to beperilaku healthy life.
All of these efforts will be achieved if the school and the environment nurtured and
developed. Coaching school environment healthier done through maintenance of physical
facilities and school environments, procuring school facilities that support the creation of a
clean environment and a healthy, working together with the community around the school
that contains the environment of clean and healthy, and making the arrangement yard,
lawn, herb and market safe school.
Efforts to develop "Healthy Schools" (Health Promoting School / HPS) through UKS
program needs to be socialized and well done. through health care (PHC) which is
supported by a steady and adequate by other related sectors, such as community
participation, businesses, and mass media. School as a venue for the learning process
should be the HPS, the schools can improve the health of residents of the school. This
work is done because the school has an environment that reflects the life of a healthy life.
Moreover, seeking optimal health care, to guarantee the process of learning well and create
conditions that support the achievement of the ability of learners to beperilaku healthy life.
All of these efforts will be achieved if the school and the environment nurtured and
developed. Coaching school environment healthier done through maintenance of physical
facilities and school environments, procuring school facilities that support the creation of a
clean environment and a healthy, working together with the community around the school
that contains the environment of clean and healthy, and making the arrangement yard,
lawn, herb and market safe school.
Life skills education is based on the concept that learners need learning to be
(learning to be), learning to learn (learning to learn) or learning to know (learning to

know), learning to live with others (learning to live together), and learning to do (learning
to do). Based on this concept, life skills are divided into four categories: life skills personal
learning to be), life skills social (learning live with others), life skills are academic
(learning to learn / learning to know), and vocational skills (learning to do ).
Personal skills (personal skills), including proficiency in understanding oneself (self
awareness skills) and thinking skills (thinking skills). For learners to practice personal
skills essential to build confidence, develop a noble character, develop potential, and
instilling compassion and respect for others. Social skills (social skills), including
communication skills (communication skills) and the capacity to work together
(collaboration skills). Practicing social skills necessary to help students develop positive
relationships, constructively manage emotions and increase participation in activities that
benefit society. Academic skills (academic skills) or intellectual prowess. Practicing
academic skills necessary to help learners acquire scientific skills, and analytical
technologies needed to achieve success in formal educational institutions and the
workplace. Vocational skills (vocational skills) or vocational capabilities consist of basic
vocational skills (basic vocational skills) and specific vocational skills (occupational
skills). Practicing vocational skills essential to equip students with the technical skills and
attitude required by companies or agencies that provide employment.
These four types of life skills that produce individuals who have physical health
and spiritual, or spiritual birth that is required to survive in any environment. Learners have
the ability to utilize all resources optimally, so that it will improve the quality of education
and quality of life. Life skills acquired by students through the learning process not just
happen, it can be practiced by the learners in their daily lives by the example given by the
teachers, parents and members of the community. Life skills to help learners positively and
adaptively cope with the situation and the demands of everyday life. For that school
students develop life skills among others, creating a healthy school environment, working
with the community to provide a variety of school needs to create and improve the health
of their students, both physical and non-physical.

G. Policies to increase the implementation of the business improvement of school

health
To support the improvement of the learning process better, the physical quality
improvement programs and the development of healthy schools will continue to be
implemented. So that learners can form a healthy and fit as well as schools that meet the
standards of healthy schools. How that is done is to optimize a variety of efforts to
develop healthy school among others made efforts to increase the professionalism of
teachers and educators through training, guidance and counseling, as well as efforts to
disseminate and implement in the field infirmary, health education, life skills education,
physical education and physical fitness. Making educational assessment and
development, among others with a more focused assessment efforts in order to improve
the ability of healthy living, carry out an evaluation in accordance with efforts to improve
the physical quality and the development of healthy schools. Intensify the assessment and
development of science and technology among others to strengthen the development of
programs for the development of science and carry out the assessment and development
of the field of measurement, standardization, evaluation within the framework of efforts
to improve the physical quality and the development of healthy schools. Improve
physical fitness assessment analysis activities, physical education and recreation
education can directly benefit students, staff and community kependikan and support the
improvement of the quality of education..

H. How to carry out health education in schools

Health education has several objectives, namely to have knowledge about health
issues, has a value and a positive attitude towards the principles of healthy living, have
skills in maintenance, assistance and health care, have healthy habits, capable of
transmitting healthy behavior, learners grow and develop in harmony , applying the
principles of disease prevention, have a deterrent power against bad influence from
outside, have physical fitness and optimal health health education objective will be
achieved by various means implementation.
How to carry out health education in schools is done through the presentation and
planting habits. How the presentation of education emphasizes the active role of students
through lectures, discussions, demonstrations, coaching, games, and assignments. Custom
planting done through the assignment to perform a healthy way of life everyday and
continuous observation by teachers and principals. The success of health education is
determined by the example and encouragement of principals, teachers, school personnel,
and parents. The success was also determined the relationship between teachers and
parents of students, what is given by teachers in schools should also be supported by
parents at home.
Health education materials taught in schools adapted to the different education levels.
Educational materials that include dengue fever, avian flu, nutrition services, oral health,
waste management, management of excreta, waste disposal facilities, water management,
water supply, water and sanitation, pegenalan on communicable diseases and their
prevention. Especially for students of SMP / MTs and SMA / SMK / MA coupled with
reproductive health, early detection of the dangers of smoking and drug abuse, drugs,
booze, and materials that are harmful and addictive substances (drugs) and HIV / AIDS.

UKS conducted from TK / RA to high school / MA, and implemented in stages from
school / madrasah to the center in a coordinated manner between schools with the steering
committee, the steering committee UKS underneath with the top and between the members
of the steering committee for UKS parallel. UKS activities in the school environment
includes several activities, the first is the coordination meetings both at the central,
provincial, district and team coaches. All done by inviting team members UKS good
Trustees of the health sector in the country and of national education. Second, provide help
improve the quality of health madrasah, then the orientation of small physician for MI, and
a cadre of adolescent health for MTs and MA. UKS coaching by TPUKS (Team coach
UKS) is still low and not evenly. Health-based health education with school health
programs or the implementation of healthy schools, is expected to be part of the
implementation of education, not only in madrassas but also in schools.

BAB III
CLOSING
A. Conclusion
School health (UKS) is one of the efforts to foster and develop an unhealthy living
habits will be undertaken in an integrated manner through educational programs and health
services in schools. The religious universities and the efforts undertaken in the framework
of development and maintenance of health in the school environment.
Healthy living as defined by the health agencies of the United Nations (UN) World
Health Organization (WHO) is a prosperous state of body, soul, and social that allow
people to live socially and economically productive. While mental health is a state which
allows the development of physical, mental, intellectual, emotional, and social optimal
from someone. In Law No. 23 of 1992 section 45 of the Health emphasized that "School
Health" was held to improve the ability of healthy life learners in a healthy living
environment so that students can learn, grow and develop in harmony and optimal that are
expected to make human resources quality. According to Sumantri, M. (2007) learners
should be healthy and the parents pay attention to a healthy environment and eating
nutritious foods, so that human beings will be achieved pious, knowledgeable and healthy
(SIS). In the process of teaching and learning-oriented learning material on the head, heart
and hand, which is related to the knowledge, attitudes / values and skills. But still
required health factors (health) so that learners have 4 H (head, heart, hands and health).

B. Criticism and suggestions

1. In terms of trying drafting the paper "School Activity Unit (UKS)". We are expecting
criticism, suggestions and constructive partisivasi to us, in order to complete the
preparation of this paper and the mother as we expected.
2. Should all friends of nursing science studies leting 2008 Abulyatama Aceh, can
determine Unit School Activities and apply to other comrades.