E.

Mole Fraction & Mole Percent

molefraction ( solute )=

mole ( solute )=

n solute
n solute+ n solvent

n solute
x 100
n solute +n solvent

molefraction ( solvent )=

mole ( solvent ) =

molefraction H 2 O=

n solvent
n solute+n solvent

n solvent
x 100
n solute+ n solvent

Sample problem
A solution is prepared by dissolving 25 g of
sodium chloride in 350 mL of water. Calculate the mole
fraction and mole percent of each component.

19.44 moles H 20
0.43 mole NaCl+19.44 mole H 2O

= 0.978 / 0.98
Mole percent H2O = 0.98 x 100 = 98%
To check add the mole percent of NaCl to mole percent
of H2O to get 100% or add the two mole fractions to get
1.0.
F. Molarity
In the laboratory many chemicals are prepared in
terms of molarity. Chemist uses this concentration when
in its important to know the quantity of solute in a given
amount of solution. Molarity (M) is defined as the
number of mole of solute per liter of solution. The
mathematical expression is;

M=

Mole of solute
Liter of solution

Solution
A. Solve for the formula mass of each component.
Formula mass of NaCl (sodium chloride) = (1 x
23) + (1 x34) = 58g/mole
Molecular mass of H2O = 18g/mole
B. Solve for numbers of moles(n) of each
component .

N ( NaCl )=

N (H 2 O)

25 g
=
g
0.43 mole
58
mole

350 g
=19.44 moles
18 g
mole

C. Solve for the mole fraction and mole percent of

each component.

0.43 mole NaCl

molefraction NaCl
0.43 moleNaCl+19.44 moleH 2O
Mole percent = 0.022 x 100
= 2.2 %

where mole of solute(n)=

mass
molecular mass

Example
1. Calculate the morality of the solution that
contains 26.70 g of glucose, C6H12O6 in 150 mL
of solution.
Given:
C6H12O6 = 26.70 grams
Volume of solution = 150 mL = 0.5 L
Required: Molarity (M)
Solution

M=

Mole of solute
Liter of solution

mole C 6 H 12O 6=

26.70 g
=.15 mole
180 g/ mole

Substituting the values

M=

.15 mole
=1.0 mole /L or 1.0 M
.150 L

2. How many grams of methanol CH3OH are

added to water to prepare a 1.2 molar in 500 mL
solution?
Given:
Volume of solution =500 mL = .5 L
Molarity of solution = 1.2 M
Required:
Mass of solute CH3OH

Molal concentration is as important as the molar

concentration of the solution.
Examples
1. A solution contains 15 g of silver nitrate AgNO3
in 200 grams of water. What is the molality of
solution?
Given: mass of AgNO3 = 15 g
Mass of solvent H2O = 200 g = .2 kg
Required = molality of solution (m)
Solution

Solution
A. Get the number of mole of solute
N= M x L of solution
=1.2 M x.5L
= .6 Mole
B. Get the mass of solute
Mass of solute = moles of solute x mole mass
= 0.6 mole x 32 g/mole
= 19.2 grams
G. Molality
The molality of solution is expressed as the
number of moles of solute per kilogram of solvent. The
small letter (m) is used to symbolize the concentration.

m=

Mole of solute
kg ofsolvent

A. Get the moles of solute

moles of AgNO 3=

mole of AgNO 3=

Mass of AgNO 3
formulamass AgNO 3

15 g
170 g / mole

= 0.9 mole
B. Substitute the value in the formula

m=

Moles of solute
kg of solvent

m=

0.9 mole
.2 kg

= .45 molal or 0.45 m