A.

IMPORTANCE OF POWER FACTOR STUDY

High Power factor is a prerequisite for healthy distribution system. It helps to keep
system voltage to proper level & reduces line current which results in reduction of
system loss.

B.

POWER FACTOR OF RAIPUR SUB-STATION

The routine system study of Raipur 10 MVA sub-station shows poor Power Factor
in the range of 0.85-0.92 in the month of November 2013. Monthly average Power
factor of last Twelve months are as following:
Dec
12

Jan
13

0.86 0.92

Feb
13

Mar
13

April
13

May
13

Jun
13

Jul
13

Aug
13

Sep
13

Oct
13

Nov
13

0.91

0.89

0.88

0.88

0.82 0.89 0.87 0.87 0.88 0.87

It is evident from above data that PF lowers during all over the year.
As impact of low PF on the distribution system is something undesirable, it is
important to undertake speedy study and suggest corrective measures so that
power factor of the system reaches up to the required level of 0.95.
C.

STUDY OF PARAMETERS
Raipur s/s was studied for three days from 07-11-2013 to 09-11-2013. Basic data
like KW, KVA, KVAR and PF were recorded from Energy meter installed at the substation at an interval of one hour. These data were entered in Tables for analysis. It
was found that average daily PF of the s/s are 0.90, 0.90 & 0.88 on the day 7 th, 8th
& 9th November respectively.
For Selection of capacitors on feeders, feeder data were also recovered. Due to
technical difficulties, readings of 24 hours could not be taken because these
readings have to be obtained from sub-station Energy meter by isolating feeders
one by one from the system. There is no other way to collect feeder load data. KW,
KVA, KVAR & PF of feeders at different hours of the day were taken to assess the
capacitor requirement of the feeders.

B. ANALYSIS OF DATA
Philosophy behind selection of capacitor is to compromise with two mutually
opposing factors. Increasing KVAR of capacitors improves PF. At the same time risk
of leading Power Factor in the system increases which may cause operational
hazard. Hence it is desirable that size of capacitor bank should be selected closer
to the lowest KVAR of the system recorded but should improve Power Factor up to
the desired level.
It is observed that average KVAR of the system without capacitor stands at 2423,
2678 & 1947 for the days of observation.
Selection of capacitor is made on iterating method. For improving PF of Raipur Substation, 1350 KVAR (multiplication of 3X3X100 + 2x3x50) can be selected.
/1/

Now we shall study effect of selected capacitor on the system.

Average system PF rises up to 0.967, 0.968 & 0.970 respectively 0n 7 th , 8th and
9th of November. The range of improvement is acceptable.
If capacitor bank is selected less than 1050 KVAR, PF is not improved up to 0.95,

which is not accepted.

The best way to raise Power factor is to install small industrial type capacitor at the
consumer end. But due to some limitations PBS cant ensure the matter. So line
capacitors are the practical alternative to keep PF at the desired level.

3.SELECTION OF CAPACITOR SIZE

From the analysis above, it is clear that 1200 KVAR is the preferred size of
capacitor bank for the system.
To get the maximum result, it is wise to install capacitors at individual feeders
rather than installing at the sub-station. Feeder wise recording of necessary data
gives opportunity to select required size of capacitor banks for feeders. Depending
on average KVAR & considering also minimum KVAR of the feeder, following
capacitor banks have been selected.
Ckt. (A)
Ckt. (C)
Ckt. (E)
Ckt. (F)

300 KVAR
300 KVAR
150 KVAR
450 KVAR

The combination will be made as available in the store; at present capacitors of two
sizes are available, 50 & 100 KVAR.

4.ASSESMENT OF POWER FACTOR WITH CAPACITORS

Improvement of Power Factor after installation of recommended capacitor banks
both for sub-station & feeders can be illustrated in the following tables.
Date : 07-11-2013
Substation
/ Feeder
Substation

Average
KVAR

(A)
(C)
(E)
(F)

882
690
240
616

2423

Minimum Average
KVAR
PF without
capacitor
1350
0.90
810
580
200
400

0.923
0.913
0.910
0.828
/2/

Recommended
Capacitor Bank
Total 1200 KVAR

Average
Improved
PF
0.967

3 x 100 KVAR
3 x 100 KVAR
3 x 50 KVAR
(3 x 100+3 x 50) KVAR

0.964
0.963
0.971
0.964

Date: 08-11-2013
Sub-station
/ Feeder

Average
KVAR

Sub-station

2678

(A)
(C)
(E)
(F)

807
680
812
547

Minimum Average
KVAR PF without
capacitor
1330
0.90
770
600
650
400

Recommended
Capacitor Bank
Total 1200 KVAR

Average
Improved
PF
0.968

3 x 100 KVAR
3 x 100 KVAR
3 x 50 KVAR
(3 x 100+3 x 50) KVAR

0.952
0.966
0.971
0.964

Recommended
Capacitor Bank
Total 1200 KVAR

Average
Improved
PF
0.970

3 x 100 KVAR
3 x 100 KVAR
3 x 50 KVAR
(3 x 100+3 x 50) KVAR

0.950
0.969
0.981
0.970

0.903
0.913
0.899
08938

Date : 09-11-2013
Substation
/ Feeder
Substation

Average
KVAR

(A)
(C)
(E)
(F)

969
638
240
739

1947

Minimum Average
KVAR
PF without
capacitor
900
0.88
880
520
200
500

0.904
0.915
0.910
0.835

E. PROPOSED LOCATION OF CAPACITOR BANKS

The best location to install capacitor is inductive load centre. It may be the place
where density of irrigation pumps or industries is high compared to other areas.
Large market places can be selected for this purpose. For distributed loads it is not
easy to select a specific area. Experience shows that the point at a distance 2/3 rd of
the feeder length from the sub-station may be accepted as load centre.
Considering concentration of inductive load, capacitor banks are proposed to be
installed on feeders at following locations.
Ckt.

Location

Pole No.

Ckt. (A)

Chandipur
3x100 KVAR

Ckt. (C)

Charpata
3x100 KVAR

Ckt. (E)

Majupur
3x50 KVAR

E/50

4.00 Km from the s/s.

Ckd. (F)

Ramgonj
3x 100 KVAR
3x 50 KVAR

F/245

5.00 Km from the s/s.

F/298

10.00 Km from the s/s

A/67
C/104

Distance from Sub-station

4.50 Km from the s/s.
6.00 Km from the s/s.

/3/
F. SPECIAL RECOMMENDATION
1)

Power Factor of a distribution system is not constant but changing. So PF of

the system should be observed after installing the recommended capacitor
banks.

2)

Presently REB has no auto switches at store. So sub-station reading should

be taken at certain period & check the possibility of leading Power factor.
No capacitor will be installed without oil switches.

3)

Fall of Power Factor reveals that many industrial loads have no P.F.I.
device. Hence it is necessary to physically inspect all inductive loads & take
measures like forcing the consumers to install individual capacitors.

4)

Care should be taken that proper grounding has been installed. SPC poles
are preferred as support than wooden poles. Fuse link is to be used as per
Drawing M 9-13.

/4/

POWER FACTOR IMPROVEMENT STUDY

OF
RAIPUR SUB-STATION
UNDER
LAXMIPUR PBS

Submitted to : DIRECTOR
System Engineering & Design
Rural Electrification Board
Nikunja Joarsahara
Khilkhet Dhaka.

Prepared by :

PROKAUSHAL UPODESTA LTD.

House No. 8 Road No. 16 (New)
Dhanmondi R / A Dhaka - 1209
Tel : 8115967 8115968
Fax : 880-2-8111138
E-mail : pul@puk-group.com

December13

CONTENTS
Sl. No.

Description

Page No.

A.

Importance of Power Factor Study

B.

Power Factor of Raipur Sub-station

C.

Study of Parameters

D.

Analysis of Data

E.

Selection of Capacitor Size

F.

Assessment of Power Factor with Capacitors

G.

Proposed Location of Capacitor Banks

H.

Special Recommendation

Table / Chart / Diagram

Power Factor Study of Sub-station
Power Factor Study of Feeders
Power Factor Curve without & with Capacitor
Banks
Single Line Diagram showing
Proposed Capacitor Banks

Location

of

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