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News Headlines...
Rice exports post sharp decline of 27 percent in 1MFY
Export of basmati rice hit by competition with India: National Assembly
body told
Monsoon deficit to hit paddy crop output hard
Barter rice for energy with Iran
Ministry Offers Daily Breakfast Ideas to Boost Rice Consumption
Early Arkansas rice yields down 10-15 percent
What to expect from the 2015-2016 DROUGHT
Pakistan Planning to Barter Rice for Energy with Iran
SunRice invested in NQ future
Vietnam: Weaker yuan presses Vietnam's rice price down
Enugu registers 22, 000 rice farmers
Govt allows private players to procure rice in eastern states
Fewer rice traders show interest in govt auction
News shared by USA Rice Daily
Crop Progress: 2015 Crop 35 Percent Harvested
CME Group/Closing Rough Rice Futures
APEDA Commodity News from India
IRRI DG visits BRRI in Gazipur
Floods bring losses to farmers in 29 districts
Rice millers should pay the farmers
Recipe: Roast duck with pomegranate molasses & rice pilaf
News Detail...
Rice exports post sharp decline of 27 percent in 1MFY
September 08, 2015
RECORDER REPORT
Pakistan's rice exports posted a sharp decline of 27 percent during the first month of this fiscal
year mainly due to declining price trend in the world market. Pakistan exported rice amounting
to $91 million in July 2015, compared to $125 million in July 2014, depicting a decline of 27.24
percent or $34 million. Major drop has been witnessed in the export of Basmati Rice, which
registered a 30 percent decline to $34 million exports during the period under review. While,
non-Basmati exports stood at $57 million in July 2015, down by 25 percent. Rice exports in July
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http://www.brecorder.com/agriculture-a-allied/183/1225063/
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The dry spell is likely to hit the newly-planted saplings of cashew, mango and other horticulture
crops too. "Natural watering boosts growth as compared to manual irrigation," Raut pointed out.
Prabhudesai said the production picture could be grim with poor rainfall during the crucial stages
of the crop. "If you look into the physiology of crop and rainfall pattern, a reduction of 20-25%
(in yield), especially in upland (morod) areas, is likely," he stressed.
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/Monsoon-deficit-to-hit-paddy-crop-outputhard/articleshow/48862564.cms
Food security ministry holds discussion, decision to be taken soon. PHOTO: APP
ISLAMABAD: Members of the Rice Exporters Association of Pakistan (REAP) are
pressing the government to make arrangements for rice export to Iran in exchange for
the money Pakistan has to pay for electricity import.
A senior official of REAP, while talking to The Express Tribune, said they had proposed to the
government to allow the export of surplus rice to Iran by transferring the amount due against
the government to the exporters until a proper currency transfer arrangement and an effective,
efficient and reliable formal banking channel were restored.Yes, we have requested the
authorities to devise a mechanism for rice export to Iran and pay the outstanding bills for
Iranian electricity supply to the exporters, said a REAP representative on condition of
anonymity because the proposal was at an early stage.If the Pakistan and Iranian governments
agree, the exporters will soon export one million tons of basmati rice, he said. Prior to the
economic sanctions imposed on Iran by western countries, Pakistan had been exporting about
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At present, Pakistan has four million tons of surplus rice, of which 3.2 million tons are nonbasmati and 700,000 tons are basmati. Pakistan owes more than $100 million to Iran for
electricity import.An official of the Ministry of National Food Security and Research
confirmed that the proposal had been received. Our ministry is in discussion at the highest
level and a decision will be taken soon, he said.Meanwhile, a statement issued by REAP
Chairman Rafique Suleman and other members has drawn the governments attention to the
sharp drop in rice exports.
Citing the export figures for July received from statistics section of the Trade Development
Authority of Pakistan, Suleman said shipments fell 14% in terms of quantity and 27% in
value.He pointed out that rice exports faced a lot of challenges during the last fiscal year and if
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NOAA forecasters say there is a 90% chance that El Nio will continue through the winter
months, and an 85% chance (up from 80% in July) that it will last into early spring next year. For
the Philippines, this means the El Nio will remain until March/April 2016.
NOAA claims El Nio episodes usually span nine to 12 months, some events may continue for
years. They usually begin to form between June and August, peak between December and April,
and then diminish between May and July of the following year.NOAA claims two things in mind
throughout this discussion of potential impacts.First, El Nio is not the sole driver of the
atmosphere at any time. Day-to-day variability in the weather pattern and other factors all work
together with El Nio to determine the overall weather over the time-frame of a few months.
Second, no two El Nios are exactly alike. The intensity matters for impacts.What will be the
impact on Philippine agriculture if a similar intensity affects the country? Let us look back at the
1982-1983
and
1997-1998
episodes.
During the 1997-1998 drought, Philippine agriculture output contracted by -6.4% in 1998, far
higher than the -3.5% during 1982-1983.Overall crops headed south with a 12.5% cut in 1998
from -7.4% in 1982-1983. The major crops posted double digit declines in 1998.Rice contracted
by 24%, sugarcane -20.7%, coconut -11.9%, and corn -11.7%. Other crops posted -5.3%. Rainfed rice was hit harder than irrigated rice in both drought episodes.Poultry production fell in
1998 due to prolonged heat that led to slow growth and high mortality. Thus far, this is not yet
happening with tunnel-ventilated houses.
Livestock was least affected. The decline in fishery in 1998 was due to drying up of ponds,
creeks, and rivers that affected aquaculture. (See Table)
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For 2015, the outlook for agriculture will be slow growth of less than one%. It was reported to
have grown by only 0.7% in the first half. For 2016, the first half output will be severely hit if
the 1983 and 1998 record will be the pattern.The contraction in supply may affect food
prices.Already, the 2016 estimate for palay production is flat at about 18.4 million tons (an
equivalent of less than 12 million tons of rice).The National Food Authority has approved
imports of 805,000 tons of rice as of June 2015. The United States Department of Agriculture
has estimated that the Philippines may import 1.7 million tons in 2015, up 42% from 1.2 million
tons in 2014.In 1998, the consumer price index rose by 9.2% from 6.6% average during 19951997. The data for 1983 may not be comparable as there was an economic crisis starting in 1983.
Nevertheless, inflation in 1983 was 10%, lower than the 13.8% in 1980-1982.
What now?
2016 is an election year.High food prices hit the poor greatly that they can fall below the poverty
threshold. This was shown by the increase in poverty incidence in 2014 when rice prices spiked
due to the delay in rice imports.There are challenges in responding to El Nio.Farmers can plant
non-water intensive, short-term crops. Cloud seeding can be tried.But long-term solutions
include: building water impounding ponds, research into drought-tolerant crops and semi-arid
food crops, and water-conserving irrigation techniques such as drip irrigation or pipe irrigation.
Rolando T. Dy is the Vice-Chair of the M.A.P. AgriBusiness and Countryside Development
Committee, and the Executive Director of the Center for Food and AgriBusiness of the
University of Asia & the Pacific.
map@map.org.ph
rdyster@gmail.com
http://map.org.ph
http://www.bworldonline.com/content.php?section=Opinion&title=what-to-expect-from-the-20152016br-drought&id=114871
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If the Pakistan and Iranian governments agree, the exporters will soon export one million tons
of basmati rice, he said. Prior to the economic sanctions imposed on Iran by western countries,
Pakistan had been exporting about 700,000 tons of basmati to Iran annually and it was the largest
market for Pakistani rice.At present, Pakistan has four million tons of surplus rice, of which 3.2
million tons are non-basmati and 700,000 tons are basmati. Pakistan owes more than $100mln to
Iran for electricity import.An official of the Ministry of National Food Security and Research
confirmed that the proposal had been received. Our ministry is in discussion at the highest level
and a decision will be taken soon, he said.Meanwhile, a statement issued by REAP Chairman
Rafique Suleman and other members has drawn the governments attention to the sharp drop in
rice exports.
Citing the export figures for July received from statistics section of the Trade Development
Authority of Pakistan, Suleman said shipments fell 14 percent in terms of quantity and 27
percent in value.He pointed out that rice exports faced a lot of challenges during the last fiscal
year and if corrective measures were not taken by the government, the current year would also be
very tough.
The exporters have, however, welcomed the decision of the Iranian government to lift the ban on
rice imports from Pakistan in the backdrop of a gradual removal of international sanctions. Rice
exports will restart from October this year.However, Suleman believes that the decision will
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SunRice has invested significantly in the Brandon Mill, with the company stating that the upgrades are important steps in the
development of the North Queensland rice industry. Photo: SunRice.
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As predicted, importers have tried to lower Vietnam's rice price after the Chinese government's
devaluation of the yuan.VnExpress quoted the Vietnam Food Association (VFA) as reporting
that the rice price and sales may fall significantly because of the yuan depreciation.Chinese
enterprises, which have to pay 4 percent more for rice import contracts with the payments in US
dollars, are trying to force the price down to offset the loss they incur due to yuan
depreciation.This coincides with Reuters' prediction made in mid-August that Vietnam's
rice export price would decrease on the yuan and dong devaluation and the abundant supply.
VFA then announced the lower floor export price of $330 per ton, a 2.9 percent decrease, for 25
percent broken rice.The decision was released in the context of the sharp fall of 8.8 percent
decrease in exports in the first seven months of the year.Le Thanh Danh from Vinafood 1
confirmed that Chinese have asked to renegotiate the prices, reasoning the yuan devaluation,
which has made Vietnamese exporters suffer.Danh said on Nong Nghiep that Vietnam now bears
pressure as India and Pakistan are offering rice at relatively low prices.Therefore,
Vietnam's exports to China have seen the price decrease significantly to $340 per ton of 5
percent broken rice and $330 per ton of 15 percent broken rice. The price levels represent a $7-8
per ton decrease compared with some months ago.The price of rice exported through unofficial
channels - across the border gates - has also fallen. Every kilo of rice sold across the northern
border has seen the price fall by VND300.Some businesses in the Mekong River Delta estimated
that over 1 million tons of rice have been exported to China this year across the border.
Nguyen Van Don, director of Viet Hung Rice ExportCompany, warned that
hinese importers may cut the volume of rice to buy from Vietnam and buy from Thailand and
Myanmar instead.As the export price decreases, the rice price in the domestic market has also
gone down. VFA said the price of 5 percent broken rice in Mekong River Delta has decreased by
VND100 per kilo over the week before.Analysts warned that not only rice but other farm
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The purpose of bringing private players into rice procurement operations is to improve efficiency
in transportation, packaging and storage of grain
In a bid to increase the outreach of minimum support price (MSP)
operations among farmers, the food ministry has decided to allow private
players to purchase rice in some eastern states from the next marketing
season, which commences from October 1.Sources told FE that private
firms will be allowed to procure paddy from farmers in Assam, Bihar,
easternUttar Pradesh, Jharkhand and West Bengal, where the Food
Corporation of India (FCI) does not have a robust procurement mechanism, which often forces
farmers to go for distress sale.As per the new policy, private parties would be engaged in
procurement of paddy from farmers in a cluster, identified by the respective state government
and they would deliver custom milled rice (CMR) at the FCI or state government-owned agency
godowns.
Private parties would be allowed to procure paddy from farmers in those areas where FCI and
state government-owned agencies do not have significant presence, a food ministry official
said.Sources said the private sector will be allowed in only those clusters where there is
possibility of procurement of one lakh tonne of rice equivalent of paddy. Besides, the policy
allows the private parties to open as many purchase centres as possible in the allotted cluster,
subject to a cluster covering a minimum 500 to 1000 hectare.Private parties would be engaged
in procurement operations after e-tendering and the parties would be short-listed on the basis of
acquisitions cost, including incidentals such as packaging, transportation and storage of grain
quoted by agencies, the official said.
The official added that the purpose of bringing private players into rice procurement operations
was to improve efficiency in procurement, transportation, packaging and temporary storage of
grain.On the delivery of CMR to FCI or state-owned corporations, the private players would be
reimbursed the MSP) and statutory charges paid by them upon production of proof of payment,
besides the incidentals quoted in the tender document, an official said.The policy follows
recommendation by the high level committee (HLC) headed by former food minster Shanta
Kumar earlier this year. The HLC had suggested that FCI should move on to help those states
where farmers suffer from distress sales at prices much below MSP, and which are dominated by
small holdings, like eastern Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal, Assam, etc.
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This is the belt from where the second green revolution is expected, and where FCI needs to be
pro-active, mobilizing state and other agencies to provide benefits of MSP and procurement to a
larger number of farmers, especially small and marginal ones, the panel had stated.Recently, the
food ministry had set a target to procure 30 million tonne of rice during the next kharif marketing
season (2015-16) starting from October 1.
Punjab, the biggest contributor to the central pool, would procure 8.2 million tonne while
Chhattisgarh would purchase 3.6 million tonne from farmers.The key contributors to the central
pool include Odisha (2.8 million tonne), Uttar Pradesh (2.7 million tonne), Haryana (2.3 million
tonne), Andhra Pradesh (2 million tonne) and Telangana (1.8 million tonne).The government has
announced an MSP for common and grade A varieties of paddy at Rs 1,410 and Rs 1,450 per
quintal respectively for the 2015-16 season.
First Published on September 08, 2015 12:09 am
http://www.financialexpress.com/article/markets/commodities/govt-allows-private-players-to-procurerice-in-eastern-states/131957/
FEWER TRADERS have shown interest in joining the government's latest rice auction after it
has gradually released rice to the market, a trade organisation says. The Commerce Ministry on
August 31 invited rice traders to apply to take part in the sixth rice auction of the year, this time
for 732,806 tonnes. But only 33 have applied for qualification checks, compared with 58 who
joined the last auction. The bidding will open today.Chookiat Ophaswongse, honorary president
of the Thai Rice Exporters Association, said there was less interest this time as the market has
acknowledged that the government will continue to release rice from its stockpiles, so they do
not have to purchase rice immediately.
Moreover, with prices dropping in the world market, rice traders may slow down their purchases
as they expect even lower prices in the future, he said.During the past week, the price of 5 per
cent Thai white rice decreased slightly to US$360-$370 per tonne, while Vietnamese rice was
quoted at $320-$330 per tonne.Foreign Trade Department director-general Duangporn Rodphaya
said this auction should still be able to draw a good number of traders as it is outside the riceharvest season, so they will still enjoy high demand for the grain.The ministry will consider
opening another auction soon to clear out more rice stocks, she added
http://www.nationmultimedia.com/business/Fewer-rice-traders-show-interest-in-govt-auction30268328.html
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"The packer notes that he prefers to buy from the U.S. because of logistic advantages and is
seeking higher quality U.S. rice. The shift from Uruguayan origin back to the U.S. is expected to
be gradual but steady."We are also hearing from the trade that there has been consumer rejection
of Vietnamese rice, especially from supermarket buyers," Lehrer continued. "We're told that
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MEXICO CITY, MEXICO -- Last week, USA Rice participated in a press conference
announcing the upcoming Vallarta-Nayarit Gastronomica, the premier gastronomic event and
trade show in Puerto Vallarta and the Riviera Nayarit, from October 4-7. USA Rice is a sponsor
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WASHINGTON, DC -- Thirty-five percent of the nation's 2015 rice acreage is harvested, according to today's U.S.
Department of Agriculture's Crop Progress Report.
Rice Headed, Selected States
Week Ending
State
Sept 6,
2014
2010-2014
average
Percent
Arkansas
14
16
30
29
California
--
Louisiana
75
84
90
82
Mississippi
14
22
34
36
Missouri
--
12
Texas
80
75
76
89
Six States
25
26
35
34
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Month
Price
Net Change
September 2015
$12.010
+ $0.160
November 2015
$12.265
+ $0.155
January 2016
$12.555
+ $0.155
March 2016
$12.800
+ $0.150
May 2016
$13.025
+ $0.145
July 2016
$13.175
+ $0.130
September 2016
$12.375
+ $0.155
Product
Price
430
2
3
318
383
Rice
Wheat
1
2
3
Honey
1
2
3
Source:agra-net
358
169
166
3190
4785
3685
For more info
Market Watch
Product
Jowar(Sorgham)
1
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Hybrid
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20
1150
1150
Beed (Maharashtra)
Other
1640
1800
Pargi (Telangana)
Local
1280
1280
Rice
1
Goalpara (Assam)
Fine
3000
3800
2
3
Solapur (Maharashtra)
Junagarh (Orissa)
Other
Other
2120
2100
5525
2200
Pine Apple
1
2
3
Cucumbar
1
2
3
Source:agmarknet.nic.in
Shillong (Meghalaya)
Other
2000
2600
Mumbai (Maharashtra)
Ropar (Punjab)
Other
Other
1000
300
2500
500
Pune (Maharashtra)
Other
700
1400
Panipat (Haryana)
Barnala (Punjab)
Other
Cucumbar
1200
500
1700
700
For more info
Egg
Rs per 100 No
Product
1
Price on 07-09-2015
Price
316
Market Center
Ahmedabad
2
3
Nagapur
Namakkal
280
300
Source: e2necc.com
Product
Onions Dry
1
2
3
Market Center
Atlanta
Baltimore
Detroit
Origin
Variety
Low
Georgia
Peru
Yellow
Yellow
27
28
California
Yellow
28
Carrots
1
2
Atlanta
Dallas
California
Arizona
Baby Peeled
Baby Peeled
19
16.75
Detroit
California
Baby Peeled
17
1
2
3
Atlanta
Dallas
Chicago
Washington
Washington
Washington
Red Delicious
Red Delicious
Red Delicious
18
22
13.50
Apples
High
Package: 40 lb cartons
30
28
28.50
Package: 20 1-lb film bags
20.75
17
17.50
Package: cartons tray pack
20
22
14.50
Source:USDA
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Product
Price
430
318
383
358
169
166
3190
4785
3685
Rice
Wheat
Honey
Source:agra-net
Market Watch
Commodity-wise, Market-wise Daily Price on 07-09-2015
Domestic Prices
Product
Market Center
Variety
Min Price
Max Price
Gulbarga (Karnataka)
Hybrid
1150
1150
Beed (Maharashtra)
Other
1640
1800
Pargi (Telangana)
Local
1280
1280
Goalpara (Assam)
Fine
3000
3800
Jowar(Sorgham)
Rice
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Solapur (Maharashtra)
Other
2120
5525
Junagarh (Orissa)
Other
2100
2200
Shillong (Meghalaya)
Other
2000
2600
Mumbai (Maharashtra)
Other
1000
2500
Ropar (Punjab)
Other
300
500
Pune (Maharashtra)
Other
700
1400
Panipat (Haryana)
Other
1200
1700
Barnala (Punjab)
Cucumbar
500
700
Pine Apple
Cucumbar
Source:agmarknet.nic.in
Egg
Rs per 100 No
Price on 07-09-2015
Product
Market Center
Price
Ahmedabad
316
Nagapur
280
Namakkal
300
Source: e2necc.com
Product
Market Center
Origin
Variety
Low
Onions Dry
High
Package: 40 lb cartons
Atlanta
Baltimore
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Georgia
Yellow
27
30
Peru
Yellow
28
28
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Detroit
California
Yellow
28
Carrots
28.50
Package: 20 1-lb film bags
Atlanta
California
Baby Peeled
19
20.75
Dallas
Arizona
Baby Peeled
16.75
17
Detroit
California
Baby Peeled
17
17.50
Apples
Atlanta
Washington
Red Delicious
18
20
Dallas
Washington
Red Delicious
22
22
Chicago
Washington
Red Delicious
13.50
14.50
Source:USDA
Director General of International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) Robert S Zeigler visited
Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI) yesterday in Gazipur, said a press release.BRRI
Director General Jiban Krishna Biswas welcomed the IRRI team and discussed areas of
collaboration between the two institutes at a meeting.BRRI Director (administration and
common service) Shahjahan Kabir, Director (research) Answer Ali, Coordinator for Advanced
Studies and Research Abu Saleque, Editor-in-Chief of IRRI's publication Rice Today Gene P
Hettel and IRRI Representative in Bangladesh Paul Fox were present among others.
http://www.thedailystar.net/city/irri-dg-visits-brri-gazipur-139717
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Floods have destroyed crops on nearly 2.75 lakh hectares of land in 29 districts, causing losses to
thousands of farmers, according to the Department of Agricultural Extension.About 95 percent
of the affected crops are aman, with some farmers saying that losses from the floods would be
huge.Bangladesh experienced more rains than usual this year after two consecutive dry
monsoons, according to the weather office.The monsoon-based aman is the second biggest rice
crop after boro, accounting for 38 percent of the country's annual rice production of 3.44 crore
tonnes.DAE Director General Md Hamidur Rahman has a different forecast that the damage
would not affect the overall production of aman rice.
The yield is forecast to be higher this year for proper distribution of rainfall.Except for the
submergence-tolerant varieties, the other high-yielding varieties of aman will not survive being
under floodwater for more than five days, said Tamal Lata Aditya, chief scientific officer and
head of plant breeding division of Bangladesh Rice Research Institute.But farmers can grow
photoperiod-sensitive HYVs such as BR 22, BR 23 and BRRI Dhan 46, she said.The DAE is
aiming to ensure aman acreage on 52.6 lakh hectares of land to produce 1.34 crore tonnes of rice
this season.There will be scope for transplantation if water recedes from land by September 10,
according to Rahman. I think the farmers will try to utilise that opportunity.
However, many farmers like Ruhul Amin do not have such scope due to a dearth of seedlings
and incapacity to make fresh investments for aman cultivation.My aman and sweet potato crops
have gone under water from the Dharla river. All are damaged. I have no scope of replanting,
said Amin, a 25-year-old resident of Mogalbasha in Kurigram, one of the worst affected
districts.Amin planted aman on 1.2 acres of land and sweet potato on 66 decimals. He now plans
to cultivate early mustard after the floodwater ebbs.Floodwaters began to decline from yesterday
in Kurigram. Abu Bakar Siddique, another farmer from Kurigram, also plans to sow mustard, or
pulse.He spent Tk 38,000 for transplanting aman on four acres of land but the paddy field has
been damaged for inundation of water for the last 20 days.
The DAE and other government agricultural agencies have prepared aman seedlings on 100
acres of land and the seedlings would be handed over to farmers in the affected areas once the
floodwater recedes, Rahman said.Apart from aman, a portion of aus rice crop and vegetables
have also been affected by heavy rain-induced floods that began to inundate crops and
homesteads, mainly in the north, from the third week of August.During July, heavy shower and
Cyclone Komen caused crop losses on 39,000 hectares of land. The damage was higher in the
southern coastal districts at that time.The agricultural extension office also advised farmers to go
for winter crop on those lands from where crops cannot be recovered.
Farmers in Bangladesh depend on the monsoon rains for irrigating summer crops including aman
rice.Seasonal rains swell rivers and recharge water bodies, underground water reserves and
aquifers.Poor rains force farmers to go for additional irrigation to ensure good yields. But
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torrential rains, like the recent ones, damage crops by causing flash foods and water logging.
http://www.thedailystar.net/business/floods-bring-losses-farmers-29-districts-139558
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Rice Recipe
Recipe: Roast duck with pomegranate molasses & rice pilaf
Cooking a duck like this means that it can be cooked a day ahead and portioned at your leisure.
Kieran Scott
Cooking a duck like this means that it can be cooked a day ahead and portioned at your leisure.
Serves: 5
For the duck
INGREDIENTS
1.6kg duck
1 carrot, 1 small onion, both unpeeled and roughly chopped
1 stick celery, roughly chopped
4 cloves unpeeled garlic, chopped
5cm piece unpeeled ginger, chopped
Zest of 2 lemons
500mls beef stock
750mls water
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METHOD
1. Preheat the oven to 200C. Prepare the duck by removing the head, wing tips and feet, and
make a 'V' section cut in the tail area to completely remove the parson's nose and the oil glands, which
can give an unpleasant gamey flavour to the duck. Rinse the duck inside and out and dry with paper
towels.
2. Place the carrot, onion, celery, garlic, ginger and the zest of 1 of the lemons into a roasting pan
and put the duck on top, breast side down. Pour the stock and water around the duck and place in the
oven. Roast for 1 hour, then turn the duck on to its back and roast for another hour until very tender and
well browned. Remove from the oven.
3. Remove the duck from the pan. Strain the stock and reserve; discard the vegetables. Leave
duck until it is cold enough to handle, or cool completely and refrigerate until needed.
4. When you decide to proceed, cut the duck in half lengthways on either side of the backbone,
which you discard. Cut each half into 2 portions so that you have 2 breasts and wings and 2 whole legs.
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5. Remove and discard the thick layer of fat from the stock. Reserve the stock; you should have
about 2 cups.
6. To serve the duck, put the 4 portions into a roasting pan, skin side up, with the stock and place
in a hot oven for about 20 minutes until the duck is very hot and the skin crispy.
7. Remove the duck to a warm serving platter. Put the stock into a deep frying pan over high heat
and add the pomegranate molasses and sugar. Bring to the boil and boil until syrupy. Pour the sauce over
duck portions and sprinkle on the zest of the other lemon.
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