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Keywords
Abstract
Analysis of variance
Correlation analysis
Management architecture
Value orientation
The economic active populations of woman are growing every year.Bythe social needs, it is increasing
interests for women's social advancement.However, traditional value orientation has shown a negative
opinion about the womens social roles.This study is to investigate the value orientation and recognition of
college members for the social advancement of Korean women. Some research has been attempted for their
relationship analysis with social roles.For this, we will survey to college students and will do empirical study
to value orientation for women's social advancement. That is, this study is to see positive thinking of college
members for women's social advancement and to investigate the attitudes of men/women students in a
college course.
1.
Introduction
The womens roles are changing with social structures based on industrialization and information society. This will become the driving force for
women's social advancement basically. Also, this will change economic structures for women's social advancement women. The woman
economic active populations are growing every year. Such trends will accelerate even more depending on the economic growth and social
culture factors. By the social needs, it is increasing interests for women's social advancement.However, traditional value orientation has shown a
negative opinion about the womens social roles in South Korea [7].The women's social advancement became the impediments for harmonious
family life [2]. But, the women's social advancement has increased every year. This has a great significance in improving the womens social
position.By this, it can be a measure of the opening or closing degree of the society. And it may be a measure of the improvement degree in
women's social position.The related researches have been focused on women's employment status and occupational value until now.Some
research has been attempted for their relationship analysis with social roles.The research of women's social advancement has not yet been
performed in earnest to a single topic and it has lacked research for men attitude analysis areas as yet [8].
Therefore, this study goal is to investigate the value orientation and recognition of college members about the social advancement of Korean
women.For this, we will survey to college students and will do empirical study to value orientation for women's social advancement. And this is
to see positive thinking of college members for women's social advancement [12].
2.
Theoretical Background
12
3.
The survey tools are a closed type question format as the questionnaire.The questionnaires were composed of questions for measuring value
orientation of the women's social advancement.It was composed of questions to understand the general nature of the respondents.We were used
5-point of Likert scales to the respondent attitude In order to measure the value orientation of the women's social advancement. They will answer
one of the following: <very much so><yes><usually><not><not at all>. It gave one of 1~5 score in here.The higher the score, it means a
positive attitude for women's social advancement.The contents were questions for understand the attitude of women economic activity for
attitude to women's power basically.These questionnaires were composed of questions for understand attitude to women roles in household,
attitude to economic participation, attitude to women's working, attitude to men's authority, attitude to women's power.
The extraction method of sample was used convenience sampling method and purposive sampling method. All respondents are students in a
college course currently.We were distributed to sixty-one parts of the questionnaire for this study and were excluded error answers. Finally, used
questionnaires were fifty-six parts.We were calculated variances for verifying the reliability of the measure value orientation for women's social
advancement. Pearson correlation coefficient was examined to find a correlation between each sub-attitude. The factor analysis was performed
In order to classify the sub-attitude for women's social advancement attitude. The method are used the Chronbach's alpha coefficient to measure
the reliability of this survey.
4.
Survey Analysis
The respondents divided two groups, the over of 24 age and the under of 24 age. As shown in table 1, 90.0% of men respondents were under of
24 age and 96.2% of women respondents were under of 24 age. That is, the majority of this survey was students less than 24 age.
In each religion, 53.4% of men respondents answered 'Idontbelieve inreligion'. Christian, Catholic, Buddhist and Confucian were the same
percentage. Christian women were the most common.Religion none or other religion were 42.3%. The women believed religion than men.
In the mother's working career, the men 50.0% and women 30.8% have a mother's working career. The both of men and women, mother's
working career have sales/production working career rather than clerical/manager working career primarily.
In sibling order, the youngest men or the middle men were the highest with 40.0%. Also, the youngest women were the highest with 42.3%. The
eldest men were 16.7% and the eldest women were 23.1%.
Table 1. General characteristic of this survey
Variables
Age
Religion
Sibling order
Total
Men
Women
Frequency
Frequency
Under of 24 age
27
90.0
25
96.2
Over of 24 age
10.0
3.8
Christian, Catholic
23.3
12
46.2
Buddhist, Confucian
23.3
11.5
Other, None
16
53.4
11
42.3
None
15
50.0
18
69.2
30.0
19.2
Clerical, Manager
20.0
11.6
Eldest
16.7
23.1
Middle
12
40.0
34.6
Youngest
12
40.0
11
42.3
Solo
3.3
0.0
30
53.6
26
46.4
13
The Changes of College Students Value Orientation for Womens Social Advancement
General Scientific Researches Vol(3), No (2), April, 2015.
[Factor 1] Chronbach's =0.7148, [Factor 2] Chronbach's = 0.7449,[Factor 3] Chronbach's = 0.7457,[Factor 4] Chronbach's = 0.7020,
Overall scales Chronbach's = 0.8745
Home
priority role
Economic
activity
Men/women discrimination in
the workplace
Social
success
Economic activity
0.4737
0.4697
0.5396
Social success
0.3630
0.5348
0.6061
Overall scale
0.7130
0.8227
0.8327
0.7877
(p<0.001)
Average
Men
Women
F-value
2.83
2.60
3.08
6.905***
Economic activity
3.28
2.50
4.17
13.451***
3.80
3.47
4.18
15.030***
Social success
3.23
3.30
3.14
0.001
Overall scale
3.28
2.97
3.65
15.546***
56
30
26
Total
(**: p<0.01, ***: p<0.001)
14
Religion
Home
priority role
Economic
activity
Men/women discrimination in
the workplace
Social
success
Men
(30)
Christian, catholic(7)
2.571
3.771
3.500
3.536
Buddhist, Confucian(7)
2.500
3.571
3.357
3.094
Other, None(16)
2.943
3.688
3.500
3.536
F-value
2.302
1.461
1.373
2.277
Christian, Catholic(12)
3.036
4.267
3.967
3.250
Buddhist, Confucian(3)
Other, None(11)
F-value
2.583
3.333
5.228**
4.100
4.218
1.403
3.525
4.250
6.395**
2.958
3.318
2.204
Women
(26)
(** : p<0.01)
The men show not a significant difference to mother's working career or the working types. The women show a significant effect by mother's
working career in table 6. Mead was claimed 'The classification of roles is passed to their children through the socialization process especially.'
He said 'by home education, daughters are getting more affection than sons [8]. The women found women's basic role by own mother.' The
results of this study will also be understood in this context. The women were a significant difference to attitude of economic activity, attitude of
men/women discrimination in the workplace, attitude of social success by mother's working career. They show a modern attitude when mother's
working career is none. Beth explained that the daughter has a modern attitude if her mother has a work getting higher education.
It meant overall contents of higher education, higher employment, economic status, psychological status. Beth explained that the mother's
working career is possible [2]. It reduced a reliance on her husband. These mother's factors affect the attitude of daughter.The women showed a
more modern attitude when mother's working career is none.The explanation is possible when it consider mother's working career.We can know
that mother's working career is 62.5% by general characteristic of respondents as shown table 1.They had engaged in the sales/production
workers.This is jobbing to be a boon to the household economy.But it is a conservative attitude because wants economically enough life.The
women showed a modern attitude by relatively high working level such as clerical/managers.That is, the value orientation of women is
influenced by mother's working type rather than depending on the presence or absence of mother's working career.
Home
priority role
Economic
activity
Men/women discrimination
in the workplace
Social
success
(30)
No(16)
2.733
3.773
3.433
3.350
(15)
Yes(15)
F-value
Sales, Production, Other(9)
Clerical, Manager(6)
F-value
2.507
1.573
2.556
2.733
1.567
3.587
1.229
3.511
3.700
1.502
3.500
1.601
3.450
3.675
1.570
3.250
1.058
3.222
3.292
0.073
(26)
No(18)
3.211
4.156
4.278
3.264
Yes(8)
2.700
4.153
3.769
2.675
F-value
Sales, Production, Other(5)
4.102*
2.103
0.017
3.700
4.096*
3.500
4.227
2.167
Clerical, Manager(3)
F-value
3.200
8.477**
4.320
5.949*
4.250
6.213**
3.300
8.738**
Variable
Men
Women
(8)
In each sub-attitude, the eldest men showed the most modern attitude to home priority role, men/women discrimination in the workplace.The
middle men showed the most modern attitude to women's economic activities and social success.Similarly, the eldest women showed the most
modern attitude to home priority role, men/women discrimination in the workplace.These relationships are shown in table 7.However, the
youngest women showed the most modern attitude to women's economic activities and social success unlike men attitude.Both men and women
showed a significant difference to men/women discrimination in the workplace by sibling order.The professional career women seem the
modern attitude than these who are engaged in other jobs.When looking at existing research results, the eldest women with professional career
look more modern attitude relatively.
15
The Changes of College Students Value Orientation for Womens Social Advancement
General Scientific Researches Vol(3), No (2), April, 2015.
Women
(26)
Sibling order
Home
priority role
Economic
activity
Social
success
Eldest(5)
3.200
3.520
3.600
3.250
Middle(12)
Youngest(12)
F-value
2.817
2.250
6.782**
3.833
3.633
1.920
3.458
3.417
1.489
3.542
3.125
2.104
Eldest(6)
3.309
4.133
4.375
3.167
Middle(9)
3.000
4.089
4.028
3.159
Youngest(11)
2.800
4.255
4.205
3.283
F-value
5.027**
1.650
1.809
1.037
(**: p<0.01)
5.
Conclusion
In this study, we surveyed the targeting men/women students in a college course. And we have analyzed the value orientation for women's social
advancement empirically.The results can be summarized as follows.First, it extracted the four value orientation to home priority role, economic
activity, men/women discrimination in the workplace and social success for women's social advancement.The four sub-attitudes showed a very
high correlation with each other (p<0.001).It showed a slightly lower correlation between attitude of home priority role and attitude of social
success.Second, some respondents recognized the overall attitude score of men/women students in a college course for women's social
advancement as 3.28 point aggressively.The Both men and women showed the most traditional attitude to home priority role as sub-attitude for
women's social advancement.The men/women discrimination in the workplace showed a positive attitude to both men and women.However, the
women showed more modern attitude than men to home priority role, economic activity, men/women discrimination in the workplace.Third, we
examined the difference between men and women to employment type as sub-attitude of each variable.The men showed a significant difference
in sibling order.The women showed a significant difference of all variables in religion, mother's working career and sibling order.
As a limitation of this study, we describe the following points.First, there is difficult to generalize the results because it extracted based on
subjectivity of researcher in sampling process.Second, there is difficult to find value orientation of all students in a college course by poor
quantity of survey.Third, it seems necessary to research for comparison with other groups(ex, value orientation of married men and women,
value orientation of family members, etc.).Finally, it seems the lowest correlation between the attitude of home priority role and attitude of social
success than four attitudes as shown table 3.Therefore, it seems to need further researches of characteristic type using these concepts
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