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Summer Project Report

Value Chain Analysis of various


Rural Trades in West Bengal and
Madhya Pradesh
Under the Guidance of:
Mr. N Sai Krishna
Head-Research, NSFI
Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for
PGDM-ABM
By
Akanksha Giri
PGDM (ABM) 2013-15
National Institute of Agricultural Extension and
Management
(MANAGE), Rajendranagar, Hyderabad
June 2014

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I express my love and sincere gratitude for my parents, teachers and
God for their immense support and blessings.
I express my earnest gratitude and thanks to Dr. K. Anand Reddy,
Principal Coordinator, PGPABM 2013-15, National Institute of Agricultural
Extension Management (MANAGE), Hyderabad who have always been an
incessant spring of inspiration and guidance, for their support and
blessings.
I am grateful to National Skills Foundation of India (NSFI) for
providing me the opportunity to work on this project. I earnestly thank
Mr. Satender Arya, CEO, NSFI Gurgaon for providing me the
opportunity of working in a learning and motivating environment of the
organization.
I am very grateful to my project guide, Mr. N Sai Krishna, HeadResearch who infallibly extended their helping hand and also provided
me direction and guidance at understanding the processes and report
preparation during my project work.
I also express my gratitude to the team members of research, NSFI
Gurgaon in general for their help and support during the course of the
summer project.
Last but not the least, all persons who have helped me directly or
indirectly during the project and whose name could not find a separate
place due to my naivety are duly acknowledged.

Akanksha Giri
PGDM (ABM) 2013-15
MANAGE, Hyderabad

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DECLARATION
This is to declare that, I, Akanksha Giri (Roll number: 05), student of Post
Graduate Diploma in Management (Agri- Business Management), 20132015 batch, National Institute of Agricultural Extension Management
(MANAGE), Hyderabad have given original and authentic data,
information and maintained full confidentiality to the best of my
knowledge during the project titled Value Chain Analysis of various
Rural Trades in West Bengal and Madhya Pradesh is taken from
authentic internal data of above mentioned organizations and is
maintained with full confidentiality. No part of this information has been
used for any other assignment except for the partial fulfilment of the
requirements towards the completion of the said course.

Akanksha Giri
PGDM (ABM) 2013-15
MANAGE, Hyderabad
Date: June 2014

Akanksha Giri, PGDM (ABM) 2013-15, MANAGE

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Sr.
No

Particular

Page No.

1.

Executive summary

2.

About NSFI

3.

Skill Development in India

4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

Project 1: Value chain analysis of various


Agri- related rural livelihood trades in West
Bengal
Research Methodology of the Study in West
Bengal
Common Problems in developing effective
value chain in Agriculture and allied sector
commodities in Indian scenario
Enabling environment for setting up the
small enterprise
Project 2: Market Led Vegetable Cultivation
in Bhopal Districts of Madhya Pradesh: A
Market Study
Unlimited Potential in Agriculture in Madhya
Pradesh

10. Methodology
11.

The Inter-relationship of Production and


Marketing

7
9
10-11
12
13
14
15-18
19

12. Suggestions for Improvement

20

13. CONCLUSIONS: General Observations

20

14. Recommendations

21

APPENDIX: 1 GRAPH Prices of vegetables in


Bhopal throughout the year (2013)
APPENDIX: 2 Graphs depicting slump periods
16. in Bhopal and comparing it with other
markets of India
15.

17. APPENDIX: 3 QUESTIONNAIRE


Akanksha Giri, PGDM (ABM) 2013-15, MANAGE

22-24
25-33
34-55
Page 3

Executive summary
The present study entitled Value Chain Analysis of various
Rural Trades in West Bengal and Madhya Pradesh was
conceived by NSFI to understand and analysis the skill gaps of the farmer
towards Rural trades, to find the important parameters taken by the
farmer for decision making, hence to conclusively decide and approach
the needs for the development.
The traditionally some parts of West Bengal and Madhya Pradesh are rich
in agriculture and agri- allied activities. These areas are untapped, small
and scattered markets and can generate future potential for income
generation for rural livelihood.
So, the project was undertaken in four districts of West Bengal (North 24
Paraganas, Birbhum, Bankura and West Midnapore) and Bhopal district of
Madhya Pradesh.

The main objectives of project are:

To identify the various Agri- related rural trades


To study various means of livelihood
To study skill gaps regarding the mentioned Agri-related setors
To identify the needs for the enterprise development in small scale
Scopes and opportunities for establishing small scale enterprise
Benefits , Prospects and Challenges for the establishment of small
scale enterprise
To study and map market potential and better price realization of
the products and services

For these objectives farmers and small entrepreneurs were interviewed.


After data collection and analysis the inferences and suggestions were
made.

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About NSFI
National Skills Foundation of India (NSFI) is a not for profit foundation
focused on the objective of skill building and development of vocational
opportunities for Indias large but relatively unskilled workforce. NSFI has
been formed with the vision to enable sustainable livelihoods for people
through skill development. NSFI is realizing its mission through enabling
large scale trainings of unskilled / semi-skilled workers, rural youth,
farmers, and women entrepreneurs across the nation with the objective
of providing them access to growth sectors in formal labour markets.
NSFI is developing partnership with Private sector, Governments,
Universities, Institutions, multilateral agencies for skill development.

Vision
Empower people for sustainable livelihoods through skill development

Mission

Build knowledge base through R & D


Address employability and sustainability concerns
Build capacity and integrate various stakeholders

Focus Sector
NSFI is one of the leading organizations in the field of Skill Development
and Capacity Building and works on the following major sectors.

Agriculture supply chain and food processing


Digital literacy and soft skills
Rural distribution services and farmers group
Retailing, warehousing, distribution and logistics

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NSFI is providing demand driven skill development, training facilities,


career consultation, and course content for enhancing skill levels of the
population.

Skill Development in India:


For over two decades India has witnessed impressive economic growth
rates. Yet the country faces the formidable challenge of providing
meaningful employment to its very large workforce of 430 million people
with an additional 10 million entrants every year. Out of this workforce
395 million are employed in the unorganized sector where agriculture
alone accounts for 253 million including agricultural labourers and small
farmers. India is lagging far behind than other Asian or European
counter parts in providing meaningful employment to its workforce. The
government's measures to expand skill training still focuses largely on
creating a workforce to meet the requirements of the organized sector
adding up to the already existing large exodus of rural population.
Several studies carried out on migration indicate tremendous
exploitation, health hazards and a degrading social climate in the urban
slums. It is here where the importance of vocational education and
training (VET) strongly needs to be underlined. The VET programme is
one such step towards this direction.

Challenges:

It is important for the Ecopreneurs to get linked to banks,


financial institutions and other relevant government programmes
and make necessary investments towards taking forward their
businesses and their newly learnt skills
Provide support to the trainees so that they can prepare their
business development plans and share with the relevant
institutions for support. But as the trainees are from the poorest
communities with a poor asset base, banks often consider them as
credit unworthy and their enterprises non-viable. It takes lot of
persuasion to convince the mainstream institutions on the
genuineness of their action and profitability of the enterprises

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Providing trainees with capital for expanding their business.


Support from various donors and other relevant stakeholders are
being sought to fulfil these intermediate gap
With the sound demonstration made by the first lot of trainees the
linkage rate would also go higher

Project 1: Value chain analysis of various Agrirelated rural livelihood trades in West Bengal
The project was undertaken in four districts of West Bengal.

Agri- related rural livelihood sectors:

Rural Trades/ Sectors


Small Holder Farmers
Fisheries

Sub Trades
Vegetables
Mixed of rice, vegetable,
fruits
Fisheries
Cows

Livestock

Goat
Poultry
Tasar

NTFP

Sal Leaf Plate

Solar Equipment &


Maintenance

Palm Jaggery
Solar Equipment &
Maintenance

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Area Covered:

Gosaba, North 24 Paraganas


Bolpur, Birbhum
Bankura, Bankura
Jhargram, West Midnapore

Map of West Bengal

The study was carried out through both primary and secondary research
methodology, as well as qualitative and quantitative techniques.
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Primary Research:
Primary research inputs were collected through research techniques such
as in-depth discussions, formal interviews, and Focus Group Discussions
(FGD). Interview schedules, FGD Guidelines and points for field
observations were developed in accordance to the study objectives.
Consultation meetings were conducted with the following stakeholders to
understand their perspectives on skill development

Secondary Research:
Secondary Data were collected from a number of sources including
central, state and district government/administration agencies, especially
the Department of Economics and Statistics, Department of Industries and program specific information from departments with a mandate in
skill training, and from studies commissioned by funding agencies, NGOs
etc.

Research Methodology of the Study in West Bengal:


Districts
Dhargra
m, West
Midnapo
re

Sub Trade

1.
a
1.
b

Vegetable
s

Rice

2.
a

Fisheries

Fisheries

Cows

Goat

Poulty

Tasar

Sal Leaf
Plate

NTFP

3.
a
3.
b
3.
c
4.
a
4.
b

Livestock

Trade

Small
Holder
Farmers

No
.

Gosaba,
Bholpu Bankur
North
r,
a,
24
Birbhu Bankur
Paragan
m
a
as
2

Sub
Total /
Grand
Total

2
12

Akanksha Giri, PGDM (ABM) 2013-15, MANAGE

12

20

12

Page 9

4.
c
5.
a

Palm
Jaggery
Solar
Solar
Equipmen Equipmen
t&
t&
Maintenan Maintenan
ce
ce
Sub Total / Grand Total

18

20

10

12

60

Total number of persons to survey: 60


Criteria for Re-appropriating the sample numbers across trades
and locations
Criteria 1 Trade should fulfil the numbers (total 12 in each trade)
Criteria 2 Sub trade should fulfil corresponding numbers
Criteria 3 If any trade / sub trade assumes large number (in lieu of
available trades in a location) the numbers to be reassigned to sub
trades attracting lesser count

Introduction
Value Chain: It includes all activities and services that are undertaken
along a commodity system from the primary producer to the final
consumer and additional value is created as products move from one
stage to another

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Source: Michael Porter value chain


The activities within the organisation add value to the service and products that
the organisation produces, and all these activities should be run at optimum
level if the organisation is to gain any real competitive advantage. If they are
run efficiently the value obtained should exceed the costs of running them i.e.
customers should return to the organisation and transact freely and willingly

Components of effective value chain:

Production to consumption system


Production to harvesting system
Post harvest
Transport
Processing
Marketing and selling

Common Problems in developing effective value chain


in Agriculture and allied sector commodities in Indian
scenario

Lack of quality seed/seedling/planting material/breed

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Seasonality of production
Post-harvest losses of produce
Lack of proper/efficient value addition technologies
Lack of assured markets for final/finished/value added products
Poor
linkages
between
growers/producers
and
industries/consumers
Absence of efficient supply chain
Price volatility

Problem faced by SMEs or Small enterprise:

Technical, capital, resources and network deficit


Unable to follow the protocols defined by the global value chain
policies. This even happens with in the developed countries
In developed countries, SMEs are trapped from two sides. They are
exposed to the global value chain and on the other side they are
not able to follow the protocols i.e. is their standards, quality etc.
For example, the costs of obtaining ISO accreditation are generally
invariant with respect to firm-size, and thus tend to disadvantage
SMEs
Very complex in setting the benchmark
They are required to sell their products through intermediaries

Suggestions:

Education meant for the disadvantaged and socially excluded


communities
Developing entrepreneurs in rural areas as a result directly
impacting rural economy and economy of the country at large
Training the marginalized based on their need, and should be cost
effective
The training package should consists of skill building, experiential
learning, interaction with potential employers and support for
raising resources from financial institutions and government
Certification approved by government of India which recognize
their skills and thereby enhance their employability
One year incubation support from the institution post training for
fine tuning the business ideas and troubleshooting

Enabling environment for setting up the small


enterprise:
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Public investment
Value chain upgradation
Accumulating larger quantities of product
Domestication
Introduction of new technologies
Organization formation
Cooperatives for prevention of external shocks
Private sectors, government, NGOs and/or communities for
information, market
Supply driven approach
Short chains (supply driven)- collectors and producers
making decisions
Longer chains (demand driven)- actors closer to consumer
determine what is produced, where, when and how
Support services
Training
Exhibitions
Market linkages
Technology up gradation
Financial services
Microcredits
Improvement with the provision of high quality technical
support
Policy and regulations
Need for licenses for farm ponds, NTFPs, water uptake and
discharge
Environmental impact assessment (EIAs) for structures
Environmental consequences (positive or negative) of a plan,
policy, program or project prior the implementation or setting
of an enterprise

Questionnaire:
Format and detailed questionnaire is present in
Appendix 1

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Project 2: Market Led Vegetable Cultivation in


Bhopal Districts of Madhya Pradesh: A Market
Study
The project was undertaken in Bhopal districts of Madhya Pradesh.
The overall objectives of the study were:

To identify the vegetable growing pockets of Madhya Pradesh in


Bhopal district
To analyse the production and marketing of vegetables in Madhya
Pradesh.
To study acres and volume potential of markets in these districts in
terms of price and quality
To study vegetable preferences of farmers in the area
To identify distribution channels for vegetables in Bhopal
To study and map market potential and better price realization of
vegetables in other parts of the India
To estimate the production cost and net profit of vegetables
To analyse the marketing of vegetables with the following
dimensions:
To estimate the marketable surplus and marketed surplus of
vegetables
To estimate the marketing costs and margins of vegetables
To estimate the producers and middlemens share in the
consumers rupee
To analyse the marketing efficiency of vegetables
To identify the issues in the vegetable business and suggest
measures to improve the system.

For these objectives farmers were interviewed. After data collection and
analysis inferences and suggestions were made.
Vegetables under consideration:

Bitter gourd
Brinjal long
Brinjal round
Cabbage
Cauliflower
Garlic
Chilly
Okra
Peas

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Tomato hybrid
Tomato local

Map of Bhopal

Primary Data Collection:


The study was exploratory in nature and thus questionnaires were
developed to get relevant data from the respondents (farmers).

Secondary Research:
Secondary Data were collected from a number of sources including
central, state and district government/administration agencies, especially
the Department of Agriculture and Statistics, and from studies
commissioned by private agencies or individuals.

Statistical analysis:

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Data Analysis was done using Microsoft excel

Introduction:
Unlimited Potential in Agriculture in Madhya Pradesh:
Madhya Pradesh, with its large area, enjoys diverse climatic and soil
conditions suitable for a broad range of agricultural products. Agriculture
sector in Madhya Pradesh forms the backbone of its economy. It
contributes almost one-fourth of the Gross State Domestic Product
(GSDP) and is the main source of employment for over 70 per cent of the
population and constitutes about 60- 75 per cent of the rural income.
In the agriculture sector as a whole, progress has been impressive. From
a sluggish growth rate of 1.5-2% in the eighties, the sector has made
rapid strides growing at the rate of 8-9%, faster than the all India
average of 3.1%. Through irrigation facilities, improved technologies and
farm-practices, the state has achieved a growth rate of 18.96% during
2011-12 with efficient utilisation of rain-fed areas. Production of cereals
went up by 43%, of pulses by 54% and of cotton by 10%, oilseeds
production grew up by 143% (from 2.24 million tonnes to 5.45 million
tonnes). The state is also a major producer of linseed, mustard,
sunflower, safflower and niger.
Agro-climatic diversity and topographical variations enable the state to
grow a wide range of cereals, pulses, oilseeds and cash crops, besides
being home to myriad varieties of plant species, both in forest areas and
outside. Various tropical fruits and vegetables and spices like coriander,
chili and garlic are also widely grown. The farmers of the state are highly
adaptive towards undertaking the cultivation of new crops, which hold
promise of economic returns. The success story of soybean in the state is
a case in point. Madhya Pradesh leads in the production of gram, linseed,
green pea, garlic and coriander. Areas under cultivation of safflower and
sunflower are also expanding.
The state possesses large tracks of cultivable virgin wastes as well as
untapped irrigation potential. The easy availability of land at reasonable
prices is unmatched. Its human resource is well recognized for its

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diligence, skills and adaptability. The state is renowned for its cordial
industrial relations.
Madhya Pradesh now expects entrepreneurs with vision and commitment
to harness the potential of this sector. There exists necessary political will
and commitment and the organisational set up is responsive. Nature is
benevolent and the State Government is responsive to the needs of its
private partners. Attractive incentives are being provided to the private
sector matching with what is being provided by other States.
Entrepreneurs can gainfully contribute in growing sector for the
attainment of their aspirations and for the prosperity of the state.

Area, production and productivity of vegetables:


STATE/UTS
Madhya
20.5
Pradesh

AREA (IN 000HA)


PRODUCTION (IN 000MT)
PRODUCTIVITY (IN MT/HA)
612.8
12574.0

Agricultural Indices

Total
Geographical
Area
Irrigated Area
Land Holdings
Sub Mandis
Electronic
Weighing
Machines
Soil Testing
Laboratories
Seed Farms
Agro-Climatic
Zones

308.00 lakh hectares Net Sown Area,152.23 lakh


hectares Double Cropped Area,69.26 lakh hectares
Gross Cropped Area, 221.49 lakh hectares
74.211 lakh hectares Cropping Intensity, 139%
73.60 lakh Small & Marginal Farmers, 47.89 lakh
Other Farmers, 25.71 lakh Tractors, 2.18 lakh
Electricity Pump Sets, 12.92 lakh Diesel Pump Sets
273
5548

25
42
11

Location
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Madhya Pradesh is the very heart of India. Its central location offers
logistical advantages.
Climate
The climatic pattern broadly varies from marginally semi-arid conditions
over north- western districts to dry winters and hot summers over the
plateau of the Vindhyan and Satpura Ranges and the adjoining planes in
the north, and tropical climate with a distinct dry season in winter over
southern parts.
Rainfall
The annual rainfall varies from 700 mm over the north-eastern regions to
1600 mm over the southern parts. In general, the rainfall shows a
declining trend from the south-east and eastern areas to the north-west
and west. In most of the districts, the winters are cool and prolonged. In
the winter months, the temperatures fall to about 14 degrees Celsius in
the south-east and to 7 degrees Celsius in the north-west.

Leading Status:
Madhya Pradesh is the third largest producer of wheat in the country,
accounting for 13.3 per cent of the total production in the country.
The state is the largest producer of pulses, accounting for 22.54 per
cent of the total production in the country.
The state also ranks the highest in oilseed production in the country,
on account of its dominance in soybean production. Approximately,
54.01 per cent of the total soybean production of the country takes
place in Madhya Pradesh.
Some allied sectors like Horticulture, Dairy and Inland Fisheries are
also being concentrated upon here. The state enjoys distinction in
Horticulture. It has a cropped area of 4, 02,851 hectares under
Horticulture.
It leads in spices with the largest production of Garlic, accounting for
37% of the total production in the country and is the second largest
producer of coriander in the country. Among vegetables, Malwa
potato has gained reputation for potato chips processing. Share in
pea production is also 15%.
Mangoes, Guavas, Bananas and Citrus fruits are among the main fruit
products.
It has a large percentage of bovine population. It is the third largest
producer of milk after Uttar Pradesh and Punjab.
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Inland fishery provides an opportunity for great investments and


employment, given the fact that the state has 3.9 lakh hectares of
water area for fish culture and an additional 20000 km of riparian
area.

Crop Production Schemes:


Integrated Cereal Development Programme (Rice)
Integrated Cereal Development Programme (Coarse Cereal)
Sustainable Development of Sugarcane Balanced and Integrated
use of Fertilisers
Integrated Pest Management
National Watershed Development Programme in Rainfed Areas
(NWDPRA)
River Valley & Flood Prone Schemes
Promotion of Farm Mechanisation
Promotion of High Yielding and Quality Seeds
Development of organic and sustainable agriculture
Agri- Extension Training and Communication Support
Development of Information Technology
Scheme for augmentation of ground- water
Content Courtesy: MP Madhyam.

Bhopal:
Bhopal has an average elevation of 427 metres (1401 ft). Bhopal is
located in the central part of India, and is just north of the upper limit of
the Vindhya mountain ranges. Located on the Malwa plateau, it is higher
than the north Indian plains and the land rises towards the Vindhya
Range to the south. The city has uneven elevation and has small hills
within its boundaries. The major hills in Bhopal comprise of Idgah hills
and Shyamala hills in the northern region and Arera hills in the central
region. The municipality covers 298 square kilometres] It has two very
beautiful big lakes, collectively known as the Bhoj Wetland. These lakes
are the Upper Lake (built by King Bhoj) and the Lower Lake. Locally these
are known as the Bada Talab and Chota Talab respectively. The
catchment area of the Upper Lake is 360 km while that of the Lower
Lake is 9.6 km. According to the 2011 census the population of the
Bhopal city is about 1,795,648 and population of Bhopal district stands at
2,368,145.

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Climate:
Mont
h

Average high
C (F)

Average
low C (F)

Precipitation
mm (inches)

Jan

25.3 (77.5)

10.2 (50.4)

12.9 (0.508)

Feb

28.6 (83.5)

12.4 (54.3)

7.8 (0.307)

Mar

33.6 (92.5)

17.1 (62.8)

7.2 (0.283)

Apr

38.3 (100.9)

21.8 (71.2)

4.5 (0.177)

May

40.7 (105.3)

25.5 (77.9)

8.0 (0.315)

Jun

37.0 (98.6)

25.3 (77.5)

114.0 (4.488)

Jul

30.6 (87.1)

23.1 (73.6)

355.8 (14.008)

Aug

28.8 (83.8)

22.4 (72.3)

388.4 (15.291)

Sep

30.5 (86.9)

21.4 (70.5)

195.8 (7.709)

Oct

32.0 (89.6)

18.4 (65.1)

26.2 (1.031)

Nov

29.0 (84.2)

14.1 (57.4)

13.7 (0.539)

Dec

25.9 (78.6)

10.9 (51.6)

12.4 (0.488)

Year

31.7 (89.1)

18.6 (65.5)

1,146.7 (45.146)

Vegetables production in Bhopal:

S.
No

Vegetables

Area
in
hecta
re
70903

Productio
n
in mn MT

Productivit
y in MT/
Ha

10.64

15

3777

0.23

Potato

Sweet Potato

Onion

46787

7.49

16

Tomato

18254

2.74

15

Brinjal

13219

1.98

15

Cabbage

3366

0.67

20

Cauliflower

7648

1.22

16

Okra

8571

0.51

Green Peas

17278

1.90

11

Other Vegetables

56416
2462
19

7.9

14

10

Akanksha Giri, PGDM (ABM) 2013-15, MANAGE

Total

35.28

Page 20

Source: Department of Horticulture and Food Processing

The Inter-relationship of Production and Marketing


As a link between producer and consumer, marketing plays a very
important role, not only in stimulating production and consumption but
also in increasing the rate of economic development. Its dynamic
functions are thus of primary importance in promoting economic
activities and it has therefore been described as the most important
factor in the development of the vegetable business.

It is necessary to improve the marketing system to aid development


for two reasons: firstly, if additional produce does not fetch additional
revenue in the market, it may work as a disincentive to increased
production; secondly, if the market does not supply consumers with
produce at reasonable prices and at the time and place needed, then
increased production has no meaning in a welfare society.
Like any marketing system, vegetable marketing is a process which
begins with the decision to produce a saleable commodity and
involves all aspects of market structure, functional and institutional,
based on technical and economic considerations. It also includes preand postharvest operations assembling, grading, storage,
transportation and distribution. Increased production results in a
greater percentage increase of marketable surplus, accompanied by
an increase in demand from the urban population which ultimately
calls for rapid improvements in the existing vegetable business
system.

Suggestions for Improvement:


Suggestions made to improve the existing production and marketing
system of horticultural produce at every level was:

Storage facilities should be provided at every level


The infrastructure should improve to maintain hygienic conditions
Market-related information such as daily and weekly prices of
horticultural produce should be disseminated among those needing
this information
Cheaper transportation should be provided to reduce marketing costs
at producer and middleman levels
Regular checks of measures and weights should be made to ensure
exact weighing

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Extension agencies should provide information on new varieties and


packages of practices as well as procedures of standardization and
grading of produce and their benefits
Banking institutions should provide finance/credit with less formality
to meet credit requirements
Market regulatory authorities should address the issue of unfair
deductions at the market place
Horticultural crop producers cooperative societies should be formed
for better performance and achievement
Some specific minimum prices should be declared for vegetables to
ensure benefit for the producers

CONCLUSIONS: General Observations

The majority of respondent growers did vegetable farming to fulfil


their urgent need for money for daily life
The lower and backward strata of society were vegetable producers in
the study area. The higher strata of respondents were not very
interested in the vegetable production business
The vegetable production business was not taken as per the
prescribed package of practice
A lack of adequate institutional credit facilities at producer level was
prevalent in the study area
The majority of selected vegetable crop growers produced vegetables
only in the Kharif or rainy season and Rabi or winter season, because
of the lack of irrigation facilities

Recommendations:

Refrigerated van may be supported with NHM to the grower for


transport of vegetables to far away market
Farm planning committee should be formed for establishing the
orchards and planning of farm lay out with proper drainage
Aggregator with excellent collection centre cum Retail outlet in the
heart of the city with cold room and cold chamber should be
established
Horticulture produce from the Farmer's field should be shorted,
graded and packed for further delivery
The centre should have on line computer facilities to carry out day to
day works

Akanksha Giri, PGDM (ABM) 2013-15, MANAGE

Page 22

The higher strata of society should be encouraged to be involved in


the commercial vegetable production business
Cheaper, faster transportation should be available to cut down the
time of transit
Adequate institutional credit facilities should be provided in time to
growers to avoid distress sale of produce
Growers should be informed of the latest varieties and their precise
package of practice to achieve better production levels
Improvement of infrastructure facilities of irrigation, fertilizer,
pesticide etc so that growers could consider producing crops in the
Zaid or summer season
Provision of market-related information at the doorstep of producers
so that they fetch the exact prices for produce
Minimize the number of middlemen in marketing channels
Introduce essential grading and standardization packing and
packaging of produce to ensure quality of produce for the consumer

APPENDIX: 1 GRAPH
Prices of vegetables in Bhopal throughout the year
(2013)
For the graphs plotted below following assumptions have been
made:

Modal prices have been taken into consideration i.e. the price at
which most of the vegetables were sold
The period of study is from 1 Jan. 2013 to 31 Dec. 2013

Akanksha Giri, PGDM (ABM) 2013-15, MANAGE

Page 23

Slump periods of the vegetables in Bhopal:


Slump period here refers to the price of the vegetables when are not
fetching good prices in the market
Vegetables

Max. price periods

Price Slump periods

Bitter gourd

Feb.-mar, Aug.

May-June, Sep.

Brinjal long

June- Aug.

Jan.-May, Sep.-Dec.

Brinjal round

June- Aug.

Jan.-May, Sep.-Dec

Cabbage

July- Aug.

Jan.-June, Sep.-Dec.

Cauliflower

Aug.-Oct.

Jan.-July, Nov.-Dec.

Garlic

July- Aug., Dec.

Jan.-April, Sep.- Oct.

Chilly

July- Aug., Dec.

Okra

Jan. - April, July- Aug.

Peas

April

Jan.-April, Sep. - Oct.


April- June, Sep. - Oct.,
Dec.
Jan.-April, Dec.

Tomato hybrid

June-Aug.

Jan. - April, Sep.- Nov.

Tomato local

May-June, Nov

Jan. April, Dec.

PEAS

Akanksha Giri, PGDM (ABM) 2013-15, MANAGE

16

27

1
41 7
94
7

26

17

27

1
41 9
82
8

29

2
41 0
73
41 8
76
3

1
41 1
69
9

PEAS

21

41
64
0

6000
4000
2000
0

Page 24

26

1
41 7
94
7

27

16

1
41 7
94
7

27

16

17

27

26

BRINJAL_ROUND
6

BRINJAL_ROUND

17

27

4000
3000
2000
1000
0

1
41 9
82
8

Akanksha Giri, PGDM (ABM) 2013-15, MANAGE


16

27

1
41 7
94
7

26

17

27

1
41 9
82
8

16

27

1
41 7
94
7

26

17

27

1
41 9
82
8

29

2
41 0
73
41 8
76
3

1
41 1
69
9

21

41
64
0

16

27

1
41 7
94
7

26

17

27

1
41 9
82
8

29

2
41 0
73
41 8
76
3

1
41 1
69
9

21

41
64
0

5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0

1
41 9
82
8

4000
3000
2000
1000
0
29

2
41 0
73
41 8
76
3

1
41 1
69
9

21

41
64
0

2000

29

2
41 0
73
41 8
76
3

1
41 1
69
9

21

41
64
0

4000

29

2
41 0
73
41 8
76
3

1
41 1
69
9

21

41
64
0

BITTER GOURD
BITTER_GOURD

TOMATO HYBRID

5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0

TOMATO LOCAL

6000

TOMATO_LOCAL

BRINJAL_LONG

BRINJAL_LONG

Page 25

2000

5000
1
41 7
94
7
27
16

1
41 7
94
7
27
16

1
41 7
94
7

27

16

27

26

0
26

CHILLY

26

10000
6

CHILLY
6

OKRA
17

6000

17

OKRA

17

27

4000

27

2000

1
41 9
82
8

29

2
41 0
73
41 8
76
3

1
41 1
69
9

21

41
64
0

4000

1
41 9
82
8

29

2
41 0
73
41 8
76
3

1
41 1
69
9

21

41
64
0

Akanksha Giri, PGDM (ABM) 2013-15, MANAGE


16

27

1
41 7
94
7

26

17

27

1
41 9
82
8

29

2
41 0
73
41 8
76
3

1
41 1
69
9

21

41
64
0

5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0

1
41 9
82
8

29

2
41 0
73
41 8
76
3

1
41 1
69
9

21

41
64
0

CABBAGE
CABBAGE

CAULIFLOWER

6000

CAULIFLOWER

Page 26

GARLIC

16

27

1
41 7
94
7

26

17

27

1
41 9
82
8

29

2
41 0
73
41 8
76
3

1
41 1
69
9

GARLIC

21

41
64
0

8000
6000
4000
2000
0

APPENDIX: 2 Graphs depicting slump periods in Bhopal


and comparing it with other markets of India
BITTER GOURD:

CHENNAI
HYDERABAD
BANGALORE

4000
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0

Akanksha Giri, PGDM (ABM) 2013-15, MANAGE

17

10

27

20

10

15

BHOPAL
8

01
-Ja
n

4000
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0

JAIPUR
BHOPAL
SHIMLA
DELHI

Page 27

7000
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0

4000
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0

BHOPAL
AHMEDABAD
MUMBAI
NAGPUR
NASIK

RAIPUR
RANCHI
KOLKATA
BHOPAL

CABBAGE:

Akanksha Giri, PGDM (ABM) 2013-15, MANAGE

Page 28

BHOPAL
BANGALORE
CHENNAI

5
18

9
23

28

30
13

3
16

7
19

10
22

HYDERABAD
14
29

41
64
0

4000
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0

4000
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0

Akanksha Giri, PGDM (ABM) 2013-15, MANAGE

BHOPAL
SHIMLA
JAIPUR
DELHI

Page 29

4000
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0

4000
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0

AHMEDABAD
MUMBAI
NAGPUR
NASIK
BHOPAL

RAIPUR
RANCHI
KOLKATA
BHOPAL

CAULIFLOWER:

Akanksha Giri, PGDM (ABM) 2013-15, MANAGE

Page 30

BHOPAL
DELHI
JAIPUR

24

11

29

14

117
41 9
76
0

20

22

28

SHIMLA
14

41
64
0

4000
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0

2500
2000
1500

BHOPAL

1000

BANGALORE

500

CHENNAI
HYDERABAD

Akanksha Giri, PGDM (ABM) 2013-15, MANAGE

Page 31

3000
2500
2000

BHOPAL

1500

AHMEDABAD

1000

MUMBAI

500

NAGPUR

NASIK

2500
2000
1500

BHOPAL

1000

KOLKATA

500

RAIPUR
RANCHI

GARLIC:

Akanksha Giri, PGDM (ABM) 2013-15, MANAGE

Page 32

BANGALORE
BHOPAL
CHENNAI

8000
7000
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0

Akanksha Giri, PGDM (ABM) 2013-15, MANAGE

11

25

17

22

14

28

20

12

28

HYDERABAD
17

01
-Ja
n

8000
7000
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0

AHMEDABAD
MUMBAI
NAGPUR
NASIK
BHOPAL

Page 33

7000
6000
5000
4000

BHOPAL

3000

RAIPUR

2000

RANCHI

1000

KOLKATA

10000
8000
6000

SHIMLA

4000

DELHI

2000

BHOPAL
JAIPUR

OKRA:

Akanksha Giri, PGDM (ABM) 2013-15, MANAGE

Page 34

BANGALORE
BHOPAL
HYDERABAD

27

19

10

10

2
41 4
79
1

14

27

18

CHENNAI
2
41 1
69
9

41
68
3

4000
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0

6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000

BHOPAL
KOLKATA
RAIPUR
RANCHI

Akanksha Giri, PGDM (ABM) 2013-15, MANAGE

Page 35

6000
5000
4000

BHOPAL

3000

KOLKATA

2000

RAIPUR

1000

RANCHI

5000
4000
3000

AHMEDABAD

BHOPAL

MUMBAI

NAGPUR

2000
1000
0

NASIK

PEAS:

Akanksha Giri, PGDM (ABM) 2013-15, MANAGE

Page 36

HYDERABAD
BANGALORE
BHOPAL

26

20

14

26

20

14

CHENNAI
29

41
66
0

4500
4000
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0

3500
3000
2500
2000

SHIMLA

1500

DELHI

1000

BHOPAL

500

JAIPUR

Akanksha Giri, PGDM (ABM) 2013-15, MANAGE

Page 37

3500
3000
2500
2000

KOLKATA

1500

BHOPAL

1000

RAIPUR

500

RANCHI

4000
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0

BHOPAL
AHMEDABAD
MUMBAI
NAGPUR
NASIK

CHILLY:
6000
5000
4000

BANGALORE

3000

BHOPAL

2000

CHENNAI

1000

HYDERABAD

Akanksha Giri, PGDM (ABM) 2013-15, MANAGE

26

6
16

26

7
16

26

8
16

27

9
18

31

10
19

41
64
0

Page 38

5000
4000
BHOPAL

3000

MUMBAI

2000

AHMEDABAD

1000

NAGPUR
NASIK
6
16
26

7
16
26

26

8
16

27

9
18

31

10
19

41
64
0

5000
4000
3000

RAIPUR

2000

BHOPAL
KOLKATA

1000

RANCHI
7
16
24

20
28

4
12

23

8
15

28

5
12
20

28

9
17

41
64
0

5000
4000
3000

SHIMLA

2000

DELHI
JAIPUR

1000

BHOPAL
24

7
16

20
28

4
12

23

8
15

20
28

5
12

28

9
17

41
64
0

TOMATO HYBRID:

Akanksha Giri, PGDM (ABM) 2013-15, MANAGE

Page 39

BHOPAL
KOLKATA
RAIPUR

Akanksha Giri, PGDM (ABM) 2013-15, MANAGE

24

10

27

14

1
1s 6
ts
ep

19

2
07 2
-M
ar

10

29

RANCHI
14

01
-Ja
n

3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0

Page 40

BHOPAL
CHENNAI

25

10

26

11

27

11

26

12

27

13

31

BANGALORE

15

01
-Ja
n

4500
4000
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0

AHMEDABAD
BHOPAL
MUMBAI
NAGPUR

25

10

26

11

27

11

26

12

27

13

31

NASIK
15

01
-Ja
n

4500
4000
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0

JAIPUR
SHIMLA
BHOPAL

24

10

27

14

1
1s 6
ts
ep

19

2
07 2
-M
ar

10

29

DELHI
14

01
-Ja
n

4500
4000
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0

TOMATO LOCAL:

Akanksha Giri, PGDM (ABM) 2013-15, MANAGE

Page 41

3500
3000
2500
2000

BANGALORE

1500

BHOPAL

1000

CHENNAI

500

HYDERABAD
26

16

26
41
73
5

27
41
70
5
41
71
3

18

31

19

10

41
64
0

BHOPAL
MUMBAI

29

19

11

2
41 3
73
2

2
41 8
70
5
41
71
2

20

12

28
41
67
4

17

NAGPUR

41
64
0

1800
1600
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0

JAIPUR

BHOPAL
RAIPUR
RANCHI

Akanksha Giri, PGDM (ABM) 2013-15, MANAGE

29

19

11

2
41 3
73
2

2
41 8
70
41 5
71
2

20

12

2
41 8
67
4

17

KOLKATA
9

41
64
0

1800
1600
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0

29

19

11

23
41
73
2

28
41
70
5
41
71
2

20

12

41
67
4

28

17

BHOPAL

41
64
0

1800
1600
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0

Page 42

APPENDIX: 3 (QUESTIONNAIRE)

Basic information:

1. For how many years you are practising this profession? Have you
undergone any type of training? If yes, specify the training you undertook.
2. Who all are involved / helped in this profession? If any, mention.
3. Are you new to the profession, from where (and whom) did you come to
know about it?
4. Why did you choose to take it as a profession or a means of livelihood?
2.1. Are you working in collaboration/ seeking support for the following services:
Support services
Enter
Benefits received
code
Banking facilities
Agri inputs
Machinery
Training
Markets and product
selling
Information
Others, specify
(1. NGO, 2. Cooperatives, 3. Private players, 4. Government/ State agencies, 5.KVK,
6.Forest department, 7. Others, specify)

3. What is the nature & extent of support?


4. Did you take any financial support for the capital items? (Give examples)
From whom: (Tick mark wherever applicable) what are the difficulties faced
during the process?
Difficulties faced in the
Whom do you seek
From whom
Interest
procedure to seek
support from to get over
Funds taken
rate
funds
these challenges
Banks
Money lenders
Neighbours
Government/
State agencies
Relatives
Others,
specify
5. Do you have any buy arrangement with any party? If yes, with whom?
5.1. How it is benefiting you?

Akanksha Giri, PGDM (ABM) 2013-15, MANAGE

Page 43

5.2. Is any kind of difficulties faced? Yes or no. If yes, please state:
6. Are you aware of farming cooperatives? If yes, what do you know about it?
6.1. If no, are you thinking of forming any farmer groups or cooperatives?
6.2. Have you formed any farmer cooperatives? If yes, is it benefitting you and
other fellow farmers? What are the benefits?

7. Marketing:
7.1. Selling of products to:
Sold to
Quantity
Price
(Kg)
received
Pres
Last
ent
seaso
seas
n
on
NGO
Private
players
SHGs
Market
Others,
specify

Difficulties faced (if any)

7.2. To whom the selling of products is easy and from where the maximum profit
gained?
8. Do you have linkages to the following institutes?

Institutes
Specific area
SAU
NGO
Cooperatives
Private players
Government
agencies
State agencies
Others
9. Profitability analysis:
Profitability analysis
Factors
Productivity

Akanksha Giri, PGDM (ABM) 2013-15, MANAGE

Benefits

Information

Page 44

Cost of production
Market price of the
product

Quality
Species
Demand
Other factors

Sustainable agriculture (Pond based)


1. Area of cultivation:
Cultivable water

Area dimensions
area

(hectare)
Own water bodies
Public water bodies
Total Size
2. Fish species: Are you aware of the fish species? If yes, which variety
do you catch?

Farming Technique
Fish Species
Quantity produce

used
Rohu
Major carps
Catla
Mrigal
Grass carp
Exotic carps
Silver carp
Common carp
Kai
Magur
Natural fish
Singi
Mourala
Other, specify
(Farming Technique: 1. Run-off; 2. Ground water; 3. Borrow pits; 4.using siphoned or pumped
water; 5. Rice paddies; 6. Ponds integrated; 7. Small water bodies; 8. others, specify)
3.

Source of inputs:

Operational inputs

Enter
code

Quantity
brought

Cost
incurred

Last time
bought

Working
life

a)
b)
c)
d)

Fish seeds
Feed ingredients
Flake ice
Fertilizers/chemical
s
e) Others
(1.Self, 2. Government agencies, 3. Dealers & retailers, 4. Retailers, 5. Cooperatives, 6. NGO, 7. Any
others, specify)

4. Nursery details:
Specifications
Numbers and size of nursery tanks
Production capacity (in million spawn per

Akanksha Giri, PGDM (ABM) 2013-15, MANAGE

Details

Page 45

production cycle)
Production cycles proposed to be taken per year
Capacity of the nurseries (No. Of fish per Tank)
Source of water
Fish weight Range(g)
5. Value chain analysis:

5.1.

Pre-production activities:

Activities

What are all the


practices you follow,
please illustrate

If not, where do you think you can get


the information
(please mention the name of the person and the
phone number)

Pond
preparation
Primary
fertilization
Fish stocking
Secondary
fertilization
(Pond preparation (done in the coolest months when ponds are drained, and maintenance or repairs of dikes are
carried out)
Primary fertilization (initial introductions of wastewater into the pond and allowed to undergo natural purification
and stirring of the pond in order to reduce anaerobic conditions in the sediments)
Fish stocking (where farmers initially stock a small number of fish to test for water quality, subsequently stocking
up to four times)
Secondary fertilization (periodic introductions of wastewater into the ponds throughout the growth cycle)

5.2. Production activities:

1. How do you feed the fishes in the pond by hand / by hopper?


2. Are you aware of the advantages of using hopper?
3. If not using any hopper, where do you think you can get the information of
the hoppers or whom you should contact for the same? (if you are aware,
please furnish the name and phone number of the concerned person)
4. How many times the feeding of fish is done? (Mention the feed materials)
5. Whom do you contact for any information about the type of feed material
and their uses for fish growth? Please furnish the name and phone number
of the person.

5.3.

Harvesting: Are you aware, in which month/season the fish catchment


is the highest and when does it fetch better price? If not aware, whom do
you think you should contact (name & phone number)

Akanksha Giri, PGDM (ABM) 2013-15, MANAGE

Page 46

5.4. Post-harvest handling of the fish:


Activities

Primary
activiti
es

Practice followed

If not, where do you think you


can get the information (name
& phone number)

Sorting
Grading fish (size)
and moving to
holding units
Chilling

Second
ary
activiti
es

By hand
Filleting

Machine

5.5. Disease Diagnosis and Control:


1. Are you aware of the diseases of fishes? If yes, what are symptoms?
2. What are the types of diseases mainly found?
3. Are you aware of the controlling measures? What are the various methods used by
you for the prevention of diseases or viral infections?
4. Whom would you contact in case you cannot diagnose the symptoms of a disease
or their control measures? (Name & phone number)
5.6. 'Harvesting technique:
1. Are you aware of different harvesting techniques? Which harvesting methods
do you use and do you harvest different species with different method? If yes,
mention the species and the harvesting methods:
2. What are the measures you follow to ensure the quality of fishes? What is the
source of information?
Measures
Yes/no
Source of information (name &
phone number)
Making regular checks on water
temperature and oxygen content
Cleaning filters and screens that
trap leaves and other debris
Treating water before releasing it
back into the river
Maintaining buildings, equipment
and fish habitats
Packaging after
Plastic
harvesting
sheets
Others,
Akanksha Giri, PGDM (ABM) 2013-15, MANAGE

Page 47

specify
6. Selling of products to:
Sold to

Quanti
ty (Kg)

Price
receive
d

Major
market

Challenges faced (if any)

Seafood
processors
Grocery stores
Seafood markets
Restaurants
Directly to
consumers
Others
To whom the selling of products is easy and from where the maximum profit
gained?

NTFP processing and value addition


1. What type of right do you have to collect NTFP?
Extraction area

Type of produce

Quantity (kg)

Purpose for
extraction

Governm
ent land

With Rights
Without
rights
Private leases
Any Others, specify

TUSSAR FARMING
1. Cocoon collection:
Availability of
trees
Sal
Arjun
Asan
Other,
specify

No. Of Cocoons collected

Akanksha Giri, PGDM (ABM) 2013-15, MANAGE

Page 48

2. (If involved in the profession for years) do you have enough common
proprietary resources? What is the extent of resources and how many people
are dependent on it?
2.1. Have you seen any differences in the quantity of cocoons collected in the
last few years?
3.1. What is the time taken for the silk formation and how many
batches of cocoon rearing is done at a time?
Rearing
Batches of cocoons
Rearing month
Time taken for rearing
method
reared
Outdoor
3.2. In which month the production is the highest and the better price
fetch?
4. Diseases:
1. What are the different Symptoms of diseases you have observed that has
affected the quantity of cocoons collected? How do you identify these
diseases? Provide the following details:
If not aware, where do you
Symptoms of
Management
Stages of
think you can get the
diseases
techniques followed
lifecycle
information or whom you
observed
(if any)
should contact for the same?
Egg stage
Larval
stage
Pupal
stage
Moth
stage
3.5.2. Are you aware of the diseases of silkworms (Pebrine)? If yes, what are
symptoms of the diseases?

4. Cocoon rearing:
4.1. What are the rearing equipments do you used? Please mention:
4.2. What type of losses you incurred during rearing? Mention:
1
2.
3.
4.
4.3. Do you use any method to avoid these losses? If yes, state the methods
used:
1.
2.
3.

Akanksha Giri, PGDM (ABM) 2013-15, MANAGE

Page 49

4.4. If no, where do you think you can get the information or whom you should
contact for the same?

5. Post cocoon processing:


5.1. What are the different procedures you followed during the processing?
Deviation from the What are the steps
Processing
Procedure
standard
you perform in the
steps
procedure
process?

Stifling
The process of
killing the
cocoon

Soaked in 5% Soda
(Na2CO3) solutions (18
hours )
Steam cooking in pressure
chambers (2 hours)
After 24 hours, washing in
0.5% formalin (15-20
minutes) followed by
washing with water.

Reeling
The process of
removing the
threads from
the killed
cocoons

Spinning
Spooling
threads

The waste outer layer,


damaged cocoons and
peduncles are teased
Silk thread is spun on
earthen mutka. The spun
silk is commonly known as
katia matka.

5.2. What is the silk yield you obtain?


5.3. Did you follow any techniques in the past which increases the
yield? Mention the techniques followed:

5.4. If no, where do you think you can get the information or whom you
should contact for the same?

SAL LEAF PLATE


1. Leaves collection Specifications:
Specifications
Leaves collected/
month
Plate Production/

Quantities

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month
Selling / month

2. Production process:
2.1. Do you think the drying duration affects the quality of the final product? If
yes, what do you think may be the reasons?
2.2. Do the leaves get damaged during drying process? If yes, what is the
quantity of losses occurred? What do you think are the reasons for such
damage?
2.5. Do you perform cleaning and sorting of leaves during drying process? If
yes, what are the procedures/steps do you perform?
2.6. What is the extra time taken for the cleaning and sorting process? Is it
benefitting you? If yes, what are the benefits you are receiving? Mention:
2.7. Do you treat the leaves with the moisture absorbent? If yes, what are the
benefits of the treatment? From where do you get the information?
2.8. If no, where do you think you can get the information or whom you should
contact for the same?
2.9. How is the stitching of the leaves done? (Hand or machine used)
2.10. If machine used, from where did you get the machine? Have you owned it
or it is in lease? At what price did you bought that machine? If it is on lease
basis, what is the lease amount?
2.11. What are the benefits you are receiving? Mention:
2.12. If you are not using machine, do you think it will benefit you? If yes where
do you think you can get the machine information or whom you should contact
for the same?

3. Quality measures:
3.1. What are the measures you follow to ensure the quality of plates? What is
the source of information?
Source of
Techniques
Any changes in
Yes/
information
Measures
followed/
the quality of
no
(name & phone
method used
the leaf plates
number)
Making regular
checks on water
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moisture before
packing the finished
product leaf plates
Packagi
Plastic
ng
sheets
Others,
specify
3.2. If the above techniques are not used, where do you think you can get
the information or whom you should contact for the same?

PALM JAGGERY
1. Sap extraction:
1.1. Extraction area:
Major area of palm
Quantity of Sap
trees
extracted

Difficulties faced (if any)

1.2. Do you have your own palm trees farm? If yes, how much land area do you
own? How much quantity of sap is collected at a time?

2. Collection and processing:


1. How do you collect sap? Any special method used by you which has
increased the efficiency of the collection? If yes, state the method:
2. Do you lime inside the containers? If yes, how it is done? Do you know the
benefits of the liming process?
3. If not, where do you think you can get the information or whom you should
contact for the same?
4. Do you test the ph level in the juice? If yes, which method do you use? Is the
testing done by you or the other party? Is the testing helping in maintaining the
quality standard? If yes, how it is helping?
5. How the processing of the juice is done? What are the series of steps being
followed by you?

6. How do you obtain concentration of desired consistency? Is any specific


temperature or method used by you? If yes, what is the technique?
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7. How to test the consistency of concentrated juice? What is the method being
used by you?
8. Do you add additives for balancing of calcium content in jaggery for
solidification? If yes, what do you add and what is the quantity of additive
added?

3. Quality measures:
3.1. Do you maintain the quality standards during the various processes? If yes,
mention:
Process
Quality measures followed during the process
Sap collection
Heating
Additives use
Packaging
Others, specify
3.2. Have the quality maintenance have fetched you higher prices?
3.3. Do you add any preservatives in the jaggery? If yes, is it natural or
artificial?
3.4. Do you know how to increase the shelf life of the product? If yes, how can
you do it? Do you follow it? If yes, what do you do for the same?
3.5. If no, where do you think you can get the information or whom you should
contact for the same?
4. Are you aware of the Packaging Method? If yes, what are the
packaging materials you used?
Material
For which
For which type of
Major market
product
customers
Paper
Polythene
Gunny
bags
Tin
Other,
specify
5. Did you diversify to other products other than palm jaggery? If yes,
what are the products? : (Tick mark wherever applicable)
Products
Quant
Cost
Price
Major markets
ity
incurred
receive
d
Palm candy
Palm fibre
Hand fans
(made of
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palm
leaves)
Other
possible
products,
specify

Animal Care and Veterinary Health


Basic information:
1. Have you set up any clinic for the diagnosis and treatment of all the local
diseases of existing animal in the nearby areas? If yes, when did you set up?
What are the difficulties faced (if any) in setting up the clinic?
2. Have you set up any commercial livestock or animal husbandry units?
If yes, which animals do you rear? What is the number of animals in
the husbandry units?
Varieties/ Species/
Numbers of
Animal
Cost
Purpose of rearing
Breeds
animals
Milch
animals
(cow,
buffalo )
Poultry
Goat
Any other,
specify
2.1. Are you aware of different breeds? If yes, name them? Why do you rear
only particular breed? Is there any specific reason?
2.2. Are you thinking of buying other breeds of animals? If yes, what is the
purpose? Where do you think you can get the information or whom you
should contact for the same?
3.Do you provide quality feed and fodder to the animals in the husbandry? What
is the source of the animal feed? Do the quality feed cost you more? Is it
benefitting you?

4. If not aware of the quality feed, do you think it will benefit you? Where do you
think you can get the information or whom you should contact for the same?

5. From where do you procure pharmaceuticals? Do you have any collaboration


with any private player? If yes, with whom do you work? Is it benefitting you?
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6. If not, do you think the collaboration for medical inputs will benefit you? Where
do you think you can get the information or whom you should contact for the
same?
7. Are you aware of the on-going technological advancements in animal science? If
yes, what are they? Are you implementing them? From where did you get the
information?
8. If not aware, where do you think you can get the information or whom you
should contact for the same?

9. Are you trained with Emergency Procedures? If yes, from where and when?
10.If not undergone any training, where do you think you can get the information
or whom you should contact for the same?
11.Do you have knowledge of diseases mainly found in the animals? If yes, what
are major diseases you observed in the animals you deal?
12.Do you give suggestions to the animals/poultry owner based on the
observations? Is it benefitting them?
13.How much do you charge for the services being provided by you?
14.Do you act as a point for referral to institutional veterinary health care linked to
the local doctors? If yes, give the details of the nearby institutional veterinary
health care clinic where you refer? How far is it?
15.Do you provide Extension services on animal health in rural areas? If yes, how
many times you have arranged any programme in the nearby locality? Did you
work in collaboration with the other party for the services?
16.If not, are you thinking of arranging any type of extension services? Where do
you think you can get the information or whom you should contact for the
same?
17.Do you know the location of Animal Resources Development Department of
West Bengal? If yes, have you been there? What was the purpose of your visit?
Did you receive any benefit from the visit?

Government incentives/ support:


1. Are you aware of the centrally-sponsored Livestock Insurance Scheme? What
are its benefits? If yes, did you insure your livestock under this scheme?
When?
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2. If not aware, where do you think you can get the information or whom you
should contact for the same?
3. Are you aware of the following schemes? (Tick mark wherever applicable)

Schemes
Taken benefits or not
Genetic Up gradation
Central Cattle Development Organizations
Central Herd Registration Scheme
Central Frozen Semen Production & Training
Institute
Sheep Development
What are your future plans?

Solar appliances and basic electronics


1. Did you take any financial support for the capital items? (Give examples)
From whom: (Tick mark wherever applicable) what are the difficulties faced
during the process?
Funding
Capital items
Cost
Sources of inputs
Interest rates
agencies
Solar panel
Solar
regulators
Solar
batteries
Electronic
meter
Power tools
Switch
boards
Other, specify
(1.Banks, 2.Money lenders, 3.Neighbours, 4.Government/ State agencies, 5.Relatives,
6.Others, specify)

2. What are the difficulties faced in the procedure to seek funds?


3. Whom do you seek support from to get over these challenges? Give the
name and the contact
details of the person/agencies?
4. Do you have the list of Eligible Manufacturers of Solar equipments? If yes,
from where did you get the list?
5. Are you working in collaboration with any of the manufactures? If yes, what
type of collaboration is it? Is it benefiting you?
6. If you dont have the list, where do you think you can get the information or
whom you should contact for the same?
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7. What are the safety measures do you follow during the installation or
repairing the equipment? Have you undergone any specific training for safety
handling? If yes, from where and when?
8. If not undergone any training, where do you think you can get the
information or whom you should contact for the same?
9. Are you able to perform site analysis and the designing of solar energy
equipments? If yes, have you undergone any specific training for it? If yes,
from where and when?
10.If not undergone any training, where do you think you can get the
information or whom you should contact for the same?
11.Have you assisted the installation and assembly of renewable energy
systems by any agencies? If yes, when and where did you assist? From where
did you get the information and the support?
12.Do you provide post sell repair and maintenance services to the customers?
13.Are you aware of the warranty on batteries and solar appliances? If yes, do
the manufacturers provide you?
14.Have you registered your microenterprise under The Micro, Small & Medium
Enterprises (MSME), Govt. of India? If yes, when did you get your registration
done? What is the source of information?
15.Is it benefitting you? Are all the benefits from the Government you are
receiving in terms of subsidies, training, market linkages etc.?
16.If not done, where do you think you can get the information or whom you
should contact for the same? Do you think it will help you in terms of
expanding the enterprise?
17.Are you aware of the Regional Testing Centre (ER) set up by MSME? If yes,
where is the nearby Testing Centre? Have you visited it? What type of
services do they provide?
18.If not aware, where do you think you can get the information or whom you
should contact for the same?
19. Which are the products you are dealing with?
Products

Quantity
Price received
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Major buyers
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sold
Solar lights
Solar water heaters
Solar toys
Solar street lights
Solar pumps
Solar home light
system
Solar lantern
Wafer cells and
modules
Solar cookers
Others
20. Are you aware of the various Programmes by West Bengal
Government? If yes, tick where applicable;
Programme by West Bengal

Source of information
government
Rajiv Gandhi Akshay Urja Diwas
Original equipment manufacturer
(O.E.M)
Any other, specify
21.Have you received any benefit under these programmes? Mention:
22.If not aware, where do you think you can get the information or whom you
should contact for the same?
23.
Are of aware of the various diversified products available in the
market or the innovation made in the field of solar appliances? If
yes, what is the source of information? Have you adopted the new
technologies or the new appliances? If yes, fill the detail below:
Diversification
Source of
Cost
Major
inputs
incurred
buyers
Solar calculators
Currency tester and
counter
Others, specify
1. If not aware of the new innovations and technologies, where do you think you
can get the information or whom you should contact for the same?

24. Government incentives/ support:


Are of aware of the various tax exemptions, capital subsidies and incentives
available for several components and sub-components of solar energy value
chain? If yes, have you availed them? How many times have you taken its
benefit? When was the last time you took the benefit?

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From where did you get the information? Who did you contact for the same?
25.
Are you aware of the Aditya Solar Shops? If yes, have you visited
any of its shop and bought any of the products? Please mention the
address & phone no. of Aditya Solar Shops you visited:
1. If not aware, where do you think you can get the information or whom you
should contact for the same?
2. (WBREDA has set up 4 Aditya Solar Shops. Prime objects of Aditya Solar
Shop programme are to make Renewable Energy products easily available
to the people & provide effective after sales services)
3. Have you heard of Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission (JNNSM)? If yes,
what are the benefits one received under it?
4. Have you benefitted under this mission by the government? If yes, when
and what type of support did you received?
5. Are you Aware of any other renewable sources of energy other than solar
energy? If yes, what are they?
6. If not aware, where do you think you can get the information or
whom you should contact for the same?

Small Holder Farmers


1. Operational Land Ownership and Land use pattern:

Area (In
Land Ownership

Acres)
Own Land
Leased In
Leased Out
Mortgaged In
Mortgaged Out
Total Size
Land use
pattern

Type of irrigation
in case of irrigated
land

Area
(In
Acres)

Vegetables/ fruits/crops
grown

Rain fed
Irrigated
(1. Surface irrigation, 2.Localized irrigation,2.1 Drip, or trickle irrigation,3. Sprinkler irrigation, 3.1
Centre pivot irrigation,3.2 Lateral move (Side roll, Wheel line) irrigation,4. Sub-irrigation, 5. Manual
irrigation using buckets or watering cans)

RICE

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1. In which season do you grow rice and which varieties do you


use?
Season/period
(aus, aman and
boro)

Rice varieties
used

Method of
planting rice *

Seed
rate

Production/ season

*(1. direct seeding: 1.1.broadcasting, 1.2.drilling, 1.3. dibbling; 2.


Transplanting: 2.1.random, 2.2. straight-row)

2. From where do you buy seeds for cultivation?


Source of Seeds

Quantity
brought

Cost
incurred

Self (years stock)


Government
agencies
Distributor
Wholesaler
Cooperative
societies
Any others,
specify
1. What are the Challenges faced (if any) during buying of seeds?

2. If buying from the Private players name the companies and fill
the following details:
Name of the Private
Last time
companies
bought

At what cost

Source of
information

3. Have you heard of Rice Technologies? If yes, are you following


them? (Tick mark wherever applicable)
Rice Technologies

Benefits
SRI
Hybrid Rice
IPM / IDM
INM
Use of drum seeder
Double transplanting
1. What is the source of information if following the technique?
2. If not aware, where do you think you can get the information or
whom you should contact for the same?
4. PRODUCTION:
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1. How much weeks old seedlings you transplant in the fields? Is there is any
difference in the age of seedlings for different varieties? (In case of short
duration varieties, when it is three to four weeks old. In case of medium and long
duration varieties, four to five weeks old seedlings should be transplanted)

2. Do you produce bio-inputs (fertilizers, pesticides etc.)? If yes, from where did
you learn about it? What are the major ingredients do you use? Are they
easily available? If yes, what are the sources of their availability?

3. Are you able to identify pest attacks at different stages of growth? If yes,
what are the major pests mainly found and the major losses caused by
them? Do you follow any practices to avoid them? If yes, what are they?
5. Which type of packaging material do you use?
Packaging material
Tick mark
Jute bags
HDPE / PP bags
Polythene impregnated jute
bags
Poly pouches
Cloth bags

Cost incurred

6. Post-harvest losses of paddy at producers level:


Operations
Transport from field to threshing
floor
Threshing
Winnowing
Transport from threshing floor to
storage

Type of Losses

1. What are the precaution measures do you followed to avoid the losses? (If
any)
2. If not, where do you think you can get the information or whom you should
contact for the same?

7. Post-harvest equipments:
1. Do you have access to the post-harvest equipment? If yes, fill the
following details:
Equipments

Own/
lease

Cost
incurred

Combine harvesters
Thresher Pedal operated paddy
s
threshers

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Power operated paddy


threshers
Hullers / rice mills
Any other, specify

2. If not, where do you think you can get the information or whom you should
contact for the same?

8. Storage
1. Do you use Traditional storage structures? If yes, what are the losses and
the challenges faced during storing? (1.Mud-bin, 2.Bamboo reed bin, 3.Thekka,
4. Metal drums, 5.Gunny bags, 6. Any other, specify)

2.

3. Where do you store the produce? Do you have the access to the
following Storage facilities? (Tick mark wherever applicable)
Challenges faced (if any)
Storage facilities

Producers storage
Rural godowns
Mandi godowns
Central Warehousing Corporation
(CWC)
State Warehousing Corporations
(SWCs)
Cooperatives
9. Selling of products to:

Sold to

Quantit
y (Kg)

Price
received
Pres
Last
ent
seas
seas
on
on

Major
market

Difficulties faced (if


any)

players Private

Rice millers
Village based traders
Retailers
Traders
Wholesalers

Government
agencies
Directly to
consumers
Others, specify

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1. What is the return you get (Rs. /Hectare)? (Present year and last
year)

10. Crop Loan Schemes:


1. Have you heard of Crop Loan or National Agricultural Insurance Scheme
(NAIS)? If yes, have you taken any loan under these schemes? What is the
amount of loan undertaken? From who did you came to know about the
schemes?
2. (General Insurance Corporation of India (GIC) is the Implementing Agency, to
provide insurance coverage and financial support to the farmers in the event
of failure of any of the notified crop as a result of natural calamities, pests
and diseases attack)
3. If not heard, where do you think you can get the information or whom you
should contact for the same?
4. Are you aware of Minimum Support Price (MSP) announced by the Govt. of
India? If yes, do you know this year MSP of rice? Do you always sell the rice in
the price above than MSP or not? What is the source of information?
5. What are the challenges faced in selling the Rice in the market at a profitable
amount? Are there many competitors in the market?
6. If not aware, where do you think you can get the information about MSP or
whom you should contact for the same?

Fruits and vegetables

Fruits and vegetables

1. Fruits and vegetables grown: (Tick mark wherever applicable)

Quantity
Farming
Cultivation
Major market

produce
Technique

2. MODERN AGRICULTURE PRACTISES


Crop Rotation
Community Water
Harvesting
Vermiculture/
Vermicompost
Crop Residue/
Compost
Integrated Pest
Management
Bio Pesticides
Green Manure/ Animal
Water Manure
Retention
Ditchesvarieties
High yielding
Drip Irrigation

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Sprinkler Irrigation
Leaf Colour Test
Soil Testing
Organic Fertilizers
1.1.
Agri Inputs
Seeds/ saplings
Tissue cultures
Fertilizers
Agro Chemicals
Machinery
Packaging
Othersmaterials

Where do you access the following farm inputs from? (Please Tick)
Enter code
Quantity
Cost
Last time
Working
brought
incurred
bought
life

(1. Self-Produced
5.Any Others)

, 2. KVKs /SAU, 3. Dealers & Retailers, 4.Cooperative Society,

1.2.

Source and Medium of Agriculture Extension Services?


Do you have
Source of
Medium of
Agriculture Practices
access
Information
Information
Yes (1) No (2)
(Codes Below)
(Codes Below)
Sowing of Seeds
Chemicals
Weather Information
Machinery
Water Usage
Marketing
Others
Source:1 = Input Dealers
Fellow Farmer

2 = Extension Agents/ Agri Officer

Medium: 1 = Internet Kiosk


please specify

2 = Mobile Support - SMS

3 = NGOs

4 = Agri Uni.

5=

3 = Word of Mouth 4= any other,

2. Do you have access to the following given below: (Tick mark


wherever applicable)
Yes or
Source of
Access to
Difficulties faced
no
information
Fertilizers depot
Seed stores
Fair price shops
Warehouses
Regulated markets
Pack houses
Collection centre
Postharve Refeer vans
st
Mobile pre cooling
faciliti Multipurpose cold
es
storage
others

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Vegetables

3. Operations:
Main harvest times
Organisational skills to process a
succession of Crops throughout the
year
Types of spoilage can affect your
products
Shelf life of produce that can be
stored
Drainage that protect against entry of
rodents
Quantities, quality and safety of the
water adequate for processing and
cleaning
Monthly sales pattern
Perennial and non-perennial F&V
Cultivation Green house
Mulching
technolog
Shade net
y
Plastic tunnels
Packaging Gunny bags
Cloth
material
Bamboo baskets
Wooden box
Plastic crates
other
Organic farming/ vermi compost
Integrated pest management
techniques
Cleaning, sorting and grading
4. Value addition:
Produce

Quantity

Type of value
addition done

Pickles
Sauce
Jam and jellies
Processed and Canned
fruits and vegetables
Squash
Other, specify
5. Selling produce to:

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Sold to

Quanti
ty (Kg)

Price
receive
d

Major
market

Challenges faced (if any)

Commission agents
Grocery stores
Traders
Cold storage points
Retailers
(organized)
Directly
to
consumers
Others

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