Background

Soil analysis forms the basis for all support mechanisms of modern structures. Soil
analysis involves on site soil sampling and laboratory testing of the sample to
ascertain the associated soil properties. The general assumption on which the soil
analysis is based is that soil samples tested in the laboratory are undisturbed or in
the same state as found in situ. However a significant amount of disturbance occurs
during sampling which can significantly impact upon the soil properties determined
through laboratory testing. This disturbance is the focus for my research with specific
focus on the extrusion of a soil sample from its sampling tube and the effect this has
on soil properties ascertained from the sample.
Aim
To analyse the disturbance of a soil sample caused during the extrusion process in
cohesive soils.
Objectives
1. Perform research to analyse the current understanding of the effect of
extrusion on the determined soil properties.
2. Analyse the variations induced in a soil sample from extrusion.
Specifically variations in: plastic strain, void ratio, pre-consolidation
stress and excess pore pressure will be targeted.
3. Analyse the effect of the project variables including: friction coefficients
of the sampling tube, sampling tube dimensions, extrusion rate,
extrusion force and soil properties on the induced variations
encountered within a soil sample.

4. Develop an optimal extrusion method which minimises the variations

induced by extrusion.
5. Develop empirical formulas which allow for the prediction of induced
variations in soil properties dependant upon the variables listed in
objective 3.

An in depth critical examination of secondary information will be performed. Initial

secondary information will be sourced through the use of The University of
Newcastles Newcat search system and broach a wide variety of resources
including, textbooks, scientific journals and conference proceedings.
Modelling
A computer model will be developed using Abaqus Unified Finite Element Analysis
product suite. The model will be axisymmetric, based upon the Modified Cam-Clay
model with a friction interface included to model the friction between the soil sample
and tube. The simulation will reproduce the extrusion of the sample and the resultant
changes in the quantities listed in objective 2. Variables will be changed the
simulation re-run and results recorded.
Data Analysis
Results from the analysis will be plotted and analysed with the aim of determining
relationships between variables and the measured quantities. Empirical formulas will
be developed to enable the prediction of changes in the measured quantities.

Project Tasks

1. Initial project definition including background research, development of aims,

scope, objectives and methodology.
2. Literature review to compile current research in the area so as to build and
develop knowledge within the area.
3. Development of technical skill with respect to Abaqus
4. Development of computer model and simulation of extrusion with results being
recorded.
5. Analysis of the results and the effect of extrusion upon the soil properties then
ascertained from a sample.
6. Presentation of research in the form of a poster, seminar and thesis.