Anglická Konverzace Pro Pokročilé

To the teacher
This new edition of the Green Book seeks to make your classroom work easier and more efficient. By using
it, you can prepare students for various higher-level exams or simply improve their word-power and language
competence in general. An answer key with tapescripts and an English-Czech vocabulary have been
included in the textbook. The authors - American, British and Czech - have tried to maintain a balance by
providing both British and American usage.
To the student
This textbook should give you an idea of the level of English required for more advanced examinations.
Relevant and interesting material has been supplemented with lexical exercises. Practice makes perfect,
And more practice... are exercises aimed at providing more context, idioms, metaphors and euphemisms.
The other exercises are mostly meant for classroom use. Howeveq you can work on your own, without a
teacher, since there is an answer key. There are a few longer texts for reading comprehension, and each unit
has a listening comprehension exercise.
Prioritising Vocabulary
It would be unrealistic to expect any student to learn and retain all the words related to any topic. If you have
already dealt with the topic, you can put your knowledge to use in the many speaking and discussion activities
provided, as well as "topping up" your vocabulary in each topic. If you are seeing much of the vocabulary for
the first time, a process of prioritising is recommended. You should decide for yourself if you need an item,
and should not try to learn everything at once. We recommend methodical revision. After studying several
topics, you should revise earlier ones and in the process, add some of the vocabulary that you did not study
the first time round. In closing, we hope that you will enjoy using the book and wish you all the best for your
further studies of Enelish. The authors .
Acknowledgements
This book has evolved from vocabulary lists added to by generations ofteachers of the Brno Language School.
After the Velvet Revolution, the first booklet was published with the help of the native speakers working at
the school at that time, the major part being rewritten by Tony Long. The greater parl of the second edition,
published by the State Language School in Brno, was added by John Ceccarelli in collaboration with many
others (in particular Ondiej Matu5ka, who fonnatted the book), all of whom I would like to thank here. My
thanks also go to Anne Johnson for proofreading this new edition of the textbook. Last but not least, my thanks
go to my friends and family for their supporl and understanding.
JF
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KONVERZACE PRO POKROCILE
unit
Topic-bused Vocubulury for Advanced Leurners

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Barrister & Principal
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ANGLICTINA
ons.
[ect,
SMS.
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KONVERZACE PRO POKROCILE
unit
Topic-bused Vocubulury for Advanced Leurners

have
'ities
y
for
tem,
rrefal
tudy
your
hool.
ng at
ition,
nany
.My
ranks
Spolednost pro odbornou literaturu
Barrister & Principal
Slovo rivodem
Kniha vznlkala v prubdhu ndkolika desetileti na St6tni jazykovd Skole v Brne (SJS,1, nejprve jako prfrbdZnd
aktualizovany seznam slovidek. Tak takd poprvd vy5la tiskem v roce 1993, doplndna otfnkami. KdyZ byl
bdhem pdti let n6klad rozebran, vznikl niryad piidat cvideni a obrizky a vytvoiit tak udebnici. Byla psdna
s piedstavou, Ze bude slouZit nejen studentrim SJS. ale takd pokrodilym studentfrm anglidtiny u n6s i jinde
v Evropd. Poprvdji vydala SJS zaidtkem roku 1999 nrikladem 3 000 vytiskir. Souddsti udebnice bylakazeta.
ULivitni udebnice si vynutilo vytvoieni anglicko-deskdho glos6ie vyrazfi z jednotlivych lekci s uvedenim
viislovnosti u obtiZnich vyrazi, kteni je nyni v upravend verzi soud6sti tdto udebnice. Po celou dobu se na
tvorbd udebnice podileli vyudujici SJS, ktefi provriddli velmi podrobnd korektury azaroveimateriiily pouZivali
ve vyuce. Udebnice proslula jako ,,zelen6 kniha" kvrili barvd obrilky. ,,Vocabulary Lists" vy5ly v roce 2002,
stejnd jako opraven6 a doplndn6 udebnice se dvdma kazetami - n6kladem 7 000 vytishi.
Spoluautor John Ceccarelli (Amerid an) Lije v soudasnd dobd v Praze a Tony Long (Brit) 2rje stiidave v CR
ve
Velkd BritAnii. (Jeho texty jsou v knize ozna(eny inici6lami TL.) Jarnrla Fictumov6 udi prakticky jazyk
a
a pieklad na Katedie anglistiky a amerikanistiky Filozofickd fakulty Masarykovy univerzity v Brn6.
Udebnice svym pojetim vyhovuje mentalitd deskych, slovenskych i ndmecky mluvicich studentfi. Ziroveir
v5ak vychiizi z tradice anglicklich udebnic a soustavnd rozviji v5echny dtyii iedovd dovednosti - mluveni,
poslech, dteni i psani mii celou i'adu rozmanit;ich typfi cvideni. Tdmata jsou logicky seiazena do skupin:
lln
exper
a sho
famili
ZTr:
and sl
In
to
FAMILY HOME" FOOD, SHOPPING, CLOTHES,

WORK & LEISURE, COMMUNICATION, TOWN & COLTNTRY, SIGHTSEEING, TRAVEL
FARMING, CLIMATE, NATURE,
THE HUMAN BODY HEALTH, SPORI
MEDIA, CULTURE, EDUCATION, HOLIDAYS, MODERN SOCIETY
Toto novd, moderni vyddni udebnice mriZe slouZit Sirokdmu okruhu pokrodilylch studentt, kteii se piipravuji
nis i v zahraniii (rirovefi B2-C2 dle Spolein6ho evropsk6ho referendniho

rfmce), v kurzech nebo sami, nebof obsahuje klii ke cviienfm a dal5i doplikovd materiiily. Poslechovii
na rrizn6 typy zkou5ek u
cvideni na piiloZendm CD jsou ve form6tu MP3. Toto CD rovndZ obsahuje dal5i studijni materi6ly - othzky
a piekladovd vdty k jednotlivym tdmattm. Je takd moZno vyuLivatZDARMA on-line testy a podrobnd slovnidky k jednotlivym stran6rn udebnice na e-learningovdm port6lu Masarykovy univerzity:
h
ttp ://eldu m.p hil.m u ni.czlcou rse/view.p
hp?
id:
I9
Jarmila Ficttrmovci
O Spolednost pro odbornou literaturu
rsBN 978-80-87029-40-4
- Barrister
& Principal o. s., 2008
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. Topic-based Vocabulary .
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ir
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_t
Underline the adjectives describing personal qualities
on the preceding page and then position them in the space

below. They do not have to be in columns. Your positioning
ol them is personal
there is no right 0r wrong answer.
mil
ffiil
try
T
AI
intellectual
q
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nour.
Vou think ol yoursell as an accomptished matchmaker

and you think your lriend needs help. Write a compuler
dating profile about them - use your imagination!
to* write a description ol your ideal partner.

ln pairs, compare the descriptions of your ideal pailners.
In what ways are they similar? In what ways do they differ?
Look at the pictures on the right. Agree on a name for

each person. Which characteristics would you use when
talking about them?
Dating
Expressing opinion
I think / believe / feel
aI.
,rt)r
l
rlous
that...
In my opinion.
It seems to me that
As lsee it ..
Personally, I think.
Talking about people

always on the go
meil 0w
sof
'ants
:ious.
tolerant
lunny
eternal optimist
irritable
m000y
hilarious
nypercritical
Getting together
matchmaker
aggressive
to make small talk
h ig
can't get it together

to sleep with anybody /
to see eacn other
sreep ar0un0
sharp-tongued
sarcastrc
talented
intelligent
thoughtful
do anything for anyone
broad / open-minded
considerate
fun-loving
cheerfu
to date sb (US)
tn nn nr rt tnnpihpr
to go steady (US)
h-schoo
sweetheart (US)
I
infatuation
crush
to break off the

en
gagement
to take sb out
to make a good match
to dump sb
to chat sb up (GB)
to let sb down
dating agency
to walk out on sb
computer dating
fiancd, fiancee
handsome
"lnnpJv hprriq" edq /GR\ /
to become engaged to
personal ads (US)
childhood sweetheart
to split up
break up
engagement rng
to move in with sb
living together
sympathetic
. FAMILY.
INVITATIONS
I
I tgi
Below are two scrambled dialogues in which sorneone invites someone else to do something. Put the
dialogues into order. Then listen and check if you were right.
3,
neig
Mark calls up Jamie and asks her out to a movie. Joe meets Anne in the street and invites her to
a party.
J:
Great. I'11 see you then. Bye.
M:
How about tomorrow night at 8:00? We could

go and get something to eat first and then
maybe go out for a drink afterwards.
J:
Sounds great! When should we do it?
M:
Bye.
J:
Mmm. You know, tomorrow's out fbr me. I've

already got something planned. Why don't we
make it Thursday night instead?
J:
Well, you can always come out after dinner.

We'll be going all night.
A:
Yeah, I'd love to.., Oh, wait a minute. What

time on Saturday?
J:
Sure. Maybe next time.
A:
I know, but I have to work early on Sunday

morning. Thanks anyway.
J:
I don't know. It'll probably staft sometime

around nine. Why'/
Hi, Jamie! This is Mark. Listen, I was

wondering if you wanted to go and see that
new Spielberg film.
A:
Oh, shame! I can't make it on Saturday night.

I'm going to dinner with my mother.
J:
Hello, Jamie speaking.
J:
M:
Sounds good to me. So
Hey Anne! I'm having a party on Saturday.

Would you like to come?
M:
I'll pick you up at
around 6:00, okay?
r'l
/The
people in the picture are discussing invitations. Choose either of the two pictures and write a similar conversati0n
between the two people. Then, act it out to the class.
4o
N.B. A good invitation starts by saying what is planned

and then asking the person to join in.
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Example; I'm having a party on Saturday. Would you like

to come?
Try NOT to start off a spoken invitation with "/ would like
to invite you to ...." or "Do you have time tonight?"
-
'
")-' \u' ',-"
Use
tv
0n tf
at
Look at the pages ol the appointment book below and fill in any three days with appointments. Then turn to your
niighbour and arrange a date on a day that is lree for both ol you, using some ol the phrases in the box below.
.f
to
mer.
Vhat
day
me
right
ray'
ation
OU*, you have arranged everything, find another student and tell him/her about your plans for the lollowing week.
Use structures such as:
u like
0n Monday I'm meeting...

,d
I\RC
0n the 25th I'm leaving for...
lnvitations
Making invitations
Would you like to. ?
I was wondering i{ you wanted to
i you'd
like t0...
Would you care to come round?

Do you think you'll be free?
Have you got anything special
on tonight?
What have you got on tonight?
Do you want to come round /
go out for dinner?
Does seven o'clock suit you?
How about seven o'clock?
ls that all right with you?

Let's make il seven o'clock.
Accepting invitations and asking

about an invitation
I'd love to
Sounds great,
That'd be lovely / wonderful/ fun.
Greatl Thanks
Thank you very much.
That would be fun / wonderful.
Would you llke me to bring anythlng?
Can lbring something?
Let me bring dessert.
What time should I be there?
Canlbringafriend?
What should I wear?
ls itcasual or lormal?
Declining invitations
l'm sorry, but..
That's very kind of you but..
I'm busy on Saturciay.
I've already g0t s0mething planned.
Something's come up.
I can't make it to the party 0n Friday
Thanks anyway,
Maybe next time.
Hesitation strategies
I appreciate the invitation but
Could I let you know later?
Could I get back to you tonight?
I have to see if Charles wants to come.
.
I have to check my diary.
. FAMILY.
WEDDINGS
4,
I
I
What ate the traditions or even superstitions that have to do with marriage? Can you think
of any "dos and d0n'ts" for the bride and gr00m 0n the big day?
pictu
You
lt
lRead the lollowing text and fill in the blanks using the words and phrases on the lett. In
which country do you think the wedding might have taken place?
This
first
'
aisle
altar
banns posted
best man
big day
cerem0ny
church wedding
church belis
civil wedding
guest list
honeymoon
honeymoon suite
lace veil
limousine
husband and wife
m in
ister
0rgan
rice
tuxedo
marriage vows
wedding dress
wedding invitations
wedding reception
wedding rings
white wedding
of the preparations, like sending out the

and going to get the
7_left
5_,
making up the
ll
I
lt
6_,
us completely exhausted, but when the 8
finally arrived we were so excited that
r.ve
Yi
didn't have any time to be tired.
Ihadabeautiful1ong9-withalovely10-andalongtrain.
As I walked down the 11_
on my father's arm, I saw Dave standing at the
12_
in his brilliant white 13_
and I thought I would just faint!
f-
Somehow I managed to hold on, and the next thing I knew I was in fiont of the
14-
with Dave at my side. I can barely remember reciting our 1.5_

(although I do remember the
each other or the rest of the 16_,
to
L7-havingtosearchhispocketsforfiveminutesbeforehefinallyfoundthe
18_).
All I can remember is this feeling inside of intense burning joy
andamazement.Final1y,theministersaid..Inowpronounceyou19-,,'and
Dave lifted my veil and kissed me, and I just started crying and crying. Everybody was
throwing
20-
as we ran to the limousine, and a piece got caught right in
Dave's eye. We had a lovely
2l
everyone was drinking. dancing, and laughing (or, in my mother's case, crying). That
night we slept in the 22
at the hotel, and although it certainly wasn't a
, it felt completely different sleeping together as husband and wife.
Thenextdayweclimbedbackintothe24-andspedofTonourtwo-week
25tt
in the Bahamas. It was, in a word, perfect.
Look at the pictures. How could they be

linked to weddings?
*Will,ill
:
DiltDfir
tl|0)
r
[(
,
I
I
at the biggest hotel in town, and
.f
10
r=
I know it sounds corny, but my wedding day really was the most beautiful day of my
life. We had a bis I
in my parents' church, with the grand 2_
playing "Here Comes the Bride" and 3
ringing as we left and everything.
just
wouldn't be special enough. All
lt cost a fortune, but we
felt that a 4
',;
la
tj
lhink
er,or are s0me pictures which tell the story of Mike and Sarah's love affair. Write a story to go along with the
pictures. Each picture should be a paragraph. Start wilh about 10 words per paragraph, then expand.
... and linish like this:
You could start like this:
eft. ln
fmy
This is a story of two young people

first met at ...
Sarah and Mike. They
and they lived happily ever after.
@r-Ew
fng.
--.\-
Alt
I"i
IKE
J-'RAH
\'f1
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\ v ,/lr\"
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the
t tr
tt,
oy
'and
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1t
'ta
vife.
k
.\
N
,14
Weddings
to propose to sb
catering company
special license
stag night / bachelor party
big day
church wedding
white wedding
civil wedding
shotgun wedding
registry office / register office
bride, bridegroom
wedding announcements (in
newspapers and to friends)
wedding invitations (to guests)
banns
vows
ceremony
bridesmaid
maid oJ honour
matron of honour
best man
tllitness
wedding cake
marriage
Congratulations
My warmest congratulations.
All the best

The very best of luck
May you be happy together
May all your dreams come true
Piease accept my most sincere
congratulations and bestwishes on the

occasion of your wedding. (formai)
wedding reception
wedding ring
trousseau
dowrV
newlyweds
to leave on / for one's honeymoon
FAMTLY
11
BABIES
I
I
Here are some pictures that have
to do with children. Say what the

things are and what they are used for.
.l
ln America and Britain, many

families use babysitting agencies to
f ind someone to look after their child
when they have to go out. How do
you feel about this? Gould you trust
a complete stranger wilh your child?
lf not, what are some other ways to
find babysitters?
at
.l
Vou are going to leave your baby
alone for the first time. Your friend
has agreed to babysit lor you. In
small groups, write a short note

thanking your friend for their help
and explaining exactly what they
should do.
tmagine that you are visiting
friend who has just had a baby. She
is a proud mother. You have
no
experience with newborns. What can
you say? Look at the phrases in the
box below.
Babies
to cry
Was he / she early / late

premature / overdue?
to hug
to rock the baby
to burp the baby
to take a child on your lap
to take a child in your arms
to pamper a chiid
to spoil a child
Whatan adorable babyl

Can I hold him / her?
Does she sleep through the night
yet?
His eves arc irrst like his fathef

Qhp
hrc hor frthpr'c
s.
orioc
dummy (GB)
toddler
Nursery
kid
changing table / mati pad

to breast-feed
to bottle-feed / the baby is on
crdche (GB)
formula (US)
nappies
(disposable
/ cloth) nappies (GB)/
diapers (US)
howl
She really takes after her father.

That's a good boy I gitl...
to change, wash and iron the
12
Talking to or about babies
scream
pacif ier (US)
cot (GB) / crib (US)

high chair
baby-bouncer
baby-wal ker
/ baby-backpack
baby carriage (US) /
baby-carrier
pram
bussy (US)
playpen
pushchair (GB)/ stroller (US)

rry-cot
toy chest
teddy bear
stuffed / f lufly animals i soft toys
ca
nfant
nursery school (US)
babys i tte r
au-pair / nanny
play groups / schools / schemes
day nursery / day care / kindergarten
squeaky toys
p otty
to toilet-train
craO I e
maternity leave
ratt I e
depe n de nts
bib
baby break
YOUTH
**
I rr-.
I
I
What kind of a child were you when you were

growing up
well-behaved or naughty? llluslrate
SCHOOL PRINGIPAL
,)
DEFEil,?LGRAM
FREECONDO
your answer with examples.
---.--G
What was the worst trouble you ever got into when
you were younger? What was your punishment? Did
you "learn your lesson"?
rl
/ On lhe left are the headlines to some newspapel
INTERNET PORNOGRAPHY
RANKS
HIGH AA4ONG PARENTS'
CONCERNS
articles dealing with some youth issues. Write three

short paragraphs to tell the story tor each headline.
Can you spot the US headline and make ii British?
at
rI iE=i
:-l
7
D
You are going
to listen to a dialogue
between a lather and a son. Here are some questions

for you to answer.
ON
CRIME AND VIOLENCE
THE RTSE AMONG
TEENAGERS
-$-l!_!!!r0 Y0ur GtfftD
trftililmf
rrr
rrrifiIilin
I
I
What is the problem?
Which names ol schools and universities come

up in the dialogue?
What are they like?
Which subjects did Mark lail?
,n g,orp, of two or thtee act out an atgument

between parents and a teenager who is having one
of the problems you wrote about.
Do young people lace similar problems in your

country? What other problems do they face?
Youth
adolescent
generatr0n gap
Possible problems and issues
tee nage r
rebelllon
peer pressure
youngster
D
Talking about children
TAI
to
to
to
to
bring up
raise
behave yourself
indulge / pamper
spoil
going through puberty / adolescence

obedient " disobedtent
polite rude
"
well brought-up
nau
to talk back
to scold / tell off
to spank / slap
to punish
to get the cane / stick / strap
hty
stubborn
selfish
g
pornography
/ to be/get
impressionable
detention
borstal / reform school
easily led
a show-off
to show off
to play truant
/ cut class (US)
smart (US)
depe nd ent
corporal punishment
child abuse
to beat a child
to be grounded / gated
to rebel
addiction
lack of physical exercise
couch potato
"copycat" crime
shoplifting
reedy
cheeky (GB)
040 company
counterculture
TV violence
Parents often say

Wait till Daddy / your father gets
home, ..
What are you up to?
Itsjustaphase.
alternative I ifestyles
m r sca rr age
protection / contraception
pregnani / expecting
pregnancy
family planning clinic

to have / get an abortion
to terminate the pregnancy
drinking age
votrng age
(legal) age of consent
. FAMILY .
13
MARRIED LIFE
1nEnglish often uses different words to express the same or similar ideas.
I
I
Sbmetimes the dilference is as simple as using a different preposition or verb

with a noun. At othertimes, there are slight changes in the meaning. Fill in the
blanks in the sentences below with the correct word, then write new sentences
correctly using the other words.
Mary knew that Mike was

as the
a
b
c
d
on her. She regarded
limit.
"I nevcr want to

get married! When
a woman gets
married ..."
2,
fill
ir
belou
As a poor family. they hld many
lu
b
c
d
. The
was never
to ease the
lnoney ploblerns
family allowance
econontic pressure
wcekly budget
When Jane got pregnant, she had to decide whether to have the baby and
or have
a
b
c
d
e
sGenes.
mrscarnage
a plegnancy
son.lc contraception
an abortion
adopt it out
1960 John utd
7962
1963
c
d
e
a
b
c
d
(tvt:irts) were
Sue
fountl out. Ended.
1971 John met Anna.

Sue .found
divorced
incompatible
out. "Trial"
separation.
John uul Anna set up ltouse.
Joltn puid ul itrttttt.t.
always said that he shouldn't have to help with the chores because he was the
. His wife found that a bit
Sue looked after three cltildren.
1973 Divorce.
John uttl Anna couldn't lnve
l'enrinist
honremaker
brcadwinner
7975 Adoptecl
Morried Life
Some positive aspects of marriage
io set up home
emotional warmth and security
love and happiness
longevity of relationship
tolerance of foibles
stability for children
a dis(
paren
of agl
children.
sexist
tax deductions
utd Fiona
o.ften w*ent out -*ith ltis

secret0ry.
marriage counsellor
nrarriage guidance
separatlon
5 Mark
St,lvie
1968 John
rnariterl problems were so bad that they had to get some

When that failed they agreed to get
a
b
Sue got ntarried.
Steven was born.
born.
4 Their
less taxes to pay
eal
ousy
hou seh us band
'
wife beater hen-pecked husband

to cheat on sb
breadwi
ner
to have a drinking problem
chores / housework
stereotypes / roles
routine / rut
gambling
Social policies
lover
two.
mistress
skeleton in the cupboard (GB)
closet (US)
to get a divorce
bud get
In rcnp vc nhild qrrnnnr'/ ntird benelits
alimony
family allowance
to get regular marriage guidance

marriage counselling service /
visiting rights
Adoption
g
stepmother
stepbrother' half-brother
solp nrov;de'l qinnle na.eqt
sp0use
idelity / unfaithfulness
extranarital rerati0nships
custody
stepfather
nagging
inf
adultery
sexism
housewife
m0ther
l'onemaker
stay-al-home
foster parents
to foster sb
to adopt sb (out)
adoption agency
o
Er
s]
PI
uard ian
orpnan
I(
YI
money prOblems
Marital problems
c0u nsel | 0r
TI
to be under severe ec0n0mic pressure
separatron
entrenched attitudes
incompatib ility
'14
1o
a pal
positive about marriage?
having extrrmarital r-elationships

cherting
being unfaithtul
committing adultery
enor"rgh
Finish the stalement below.

What would she say if she were a
man? What is the other side ol the
coin? Can you say something
rp nanage
chi dren s hone / voutl" home
[/
t'r
Tc
OLD AGE AND RETIREMENT

tw.
ere a
of the
'l
o,*rus
these questions with
Are there any elderly people in your family?

Are they energetic or tired of life, or...
What kinds of problems do they face?
What options are there to help them with these problems?
a partner.
What are some advantases of beins older?
),
7.\
W
T(
il
a
/
Now read the diary entry and

the words
below.
Dear Diary,
fill in the gaps using
Mum and Dad were fighting

again today. It's about Grandma. She's getting
really old and she can't take care of herself
across
anymore. She lives in a little 1_
town, and has her meals delivered by
has been getting
2_,
but her 3
worse and worse and she just can't look after
the place anyniore. She is also getting a little
that you
bit 4_,
and she's so 5_
have to shout everything in her ear for her to hear
it. All she has to live on is her 6
. so
she doesn't have enoush monev to hire a
or any kind of 8_,
and Mum
doesn't even want to talk about sending her to a
9
. She wants her to come and live with
us, but Dad is against it. He says the place is too small,
and that she should go to Mum's sister's house, but I
know that the real reason is that they don't
really get on very well. I hope they work it out
soon. I hate it when thev arsue.
arthritis
senile
widow's pension
rpera
the
nursing home
home help
ied.
meals on wheels
t)were
hard of hearing
ith his
live-in nurse
granny flat
at
nuse.
ildren.
With
a partner act out
a discussion between the writer's

parents. Try to come to some kind
of agreement.
't lnve
Old Age and Retirement

Disagreeing
I don't agree with you.
lrpqnont vnrrr nnininn hrri
I think.
That's ridicuious
You can't be serious.
Yes that s true but my
feeling is that ..
I hate to disagree with you
but I believe.
Thank you lor your sympathy

concern i great suppo(.
Expressing and receiving

sympathy
PJprcp rnrpnl mv dppnpct
g0rng 0n a crulse
sympathy
My condolences (on your

r0ss).
l'm reaily sorry to hear

about..
Too bad that.
/
Shame about (GB)
(US)
ll call you if I need yc.

than ks.
nld npnnlp'q / fnlkc'hnmpq
to hold the inquest on sb's
nursing homes
tolpnrrm Irnm tho Orroon
posr monem
death
granny f 1at (GB)
Funeral
Positive aspects of being
home help
death notice
old
Being old and ill
ea
ageism
rave
loys of grandparenthood
senior citizen clubs
bowling clubs
going on coach tours
qtrtp nrivrlo
nAncinn
superannuatr0n
widow's pension
What can be done

to take early retirement
(fraii) elderly
0AP (o1d age pensioners)
meals on wheels
rse
confusion
undertaker
senile
00 rruary
hard of hearing
arth
i deaf
ritis
rheumatism
euthanasia
to die of (e.g , cancer)
to die of old age

no longer with us
^^^^^l
^,.,^,, // ^^^^^l
^^
pdJJUU
pdJ)uu url
dwdy
to commit suicide
life-support systems
to carry out an autopsy on sb
tnmhqtnnp / nrrripqtnnp
wreaih
to leave / bequeath st to sb
to inherit
inheritance
to be cremated / buried
to be in mourning
cemetery I graueyard I
ch u rchyard
garden of remembrance
FAMTLY
15
FAMILY
PRACTICE MAKES PERFECT
Find lhe wrong word in each sentence and replace it

with a correct one by choosing a, b, c 0r d.
a
b
c
d
2
c
d
gold
mouth.
He was born with a

sPoon in his
raised
bed
silver
under
a fallen
b hills
cfrom
d bed
3 The child
She's old enough to be

his grandfather.
father
mother
grandmother
tover
They should kiss and

waKe up.
was
born
outside wedlock.
a
b
grown
out of
a
b
c
o
She has thrown head over

heels in love with him.
| *.trn the lollowing verbs and adiectives with the

two nouns: FAMILY (6) and L0VE (7).
a ought to
b hiss
c make up
dor
I r',
it wil
1S
to start a
puppy
undying
to declare
to break up the
a large
ti
to inspire
blind
an adoptive
everlasting
an extended
to feed the
2F
to send
unrequrted
a single-parent
to show
to fall out oI
to leave the
to look after the
the immediate
3F
kid
torn
a
b
lll
||
lill
Read the following passage and
ill
in the missing words.
By the 1970s, the prototypical nuclear family had yielded somewhat to modified structures including the oneparent family, the stepfamily, and the childless family. 8
death of a 9
s_.
O_
families in the past were usually the result of the
Now, however, most one-parent families are the result of 10
d_,
although some are
created when unmarried mothers bear children. In 1991, more than one out of four children lived with only one parent,
usually the mother. Most one-parent families, however, eventually become two-parent families through 11
A stepfamily is created by a new

a 13
c__
12m-
r_.
of a single parent. lt may consist ol a parent and children and
spouse, a parent and children and a spouse whose children live elsewhere, or two joined one-parent
families. In a 14
s_,
problems in relations between nonbiological parents and children may generate tension;
many
9i_
often
oetoi
12 c_
their
'
up of
the difficulties can be especially great in the marriage of single parents when the children of both parents live together
Uniter
as 15 s
familir
l\f
tu,rn
the sayings 0n the lett with their definitions 0n the right.
16
Lucky at cards, unlucky in love. a
17
Not able to get something

love or money.
for
18
Burn the candle at both
ends.
19
A burnt child dreads the
fire.
20
Marriages are made in heaven. e
21
Time works
22
23
wonders.
Shrouds have no pockets.
Happy is the bride that the
shines on.
sun
if something has hurt you once, you

avoid it
you should punish your child

to work much too hard
28 babv
sun brings good luck to the couple
the passing of time can solve many

problems
Match the expressions and
26 nursery b
27 relationship'
if you often win, you will not be
happy in love
Spare the rod and spoil the child. i
16
completely unable to get something
use them in sentences.

a newborn,
premalure,
25 retirement stillborn,
you cannot predict who will marry

wnom
you cannot take any material goods

with you when you die
IV
16
17
test-tube
to go Into, to
take early
to cultivate, to
18
19
break (off), to
29 relative d
30 uPbringinn
enter into
20
strict,
(un)conventional,
religious
21
e rhymes
f blood, close,
distant,
near(est)
22
23
FAMILY - AND MORE PRACTICE...

h the
Find the wrong word in each sentence and

it with a correct one by choosing a, b, c 0r
replace ll *u,rn
d.
She had to cope with the

upwards and downs of
life all by herself.
b
c
d
2
WOTK
c father
d grandson
4 By that time
oownwaros
a
b
c
d
all herself
Her father used to tell

her: "Out of site, out of
mind."
a
b
c
d
3
and he was right.
head
sigh
mine
her uncle.
rll
||
...... break-up
foster
to consummate a
hasty
to end a
illegitimate
to keep an eye on a
loveless
to neglect
mixed
to scold a
naughty
to abuse a
...... of convenience
well-behaved
downhill
an onry
...... collapse
molehill
gnat
to announce a
to spoil a
they
wife
spouse
mistress
mother
In a quarrel he always
makes a mountain oul
of a hill.
a
b
c
d
sight
He was old enough to be
a
b
arrangeo
planned to be husband
ano woman.
ups
the following verbs and adiectives with
the two nouns: CHILD (6) and MARRIAGE (7).
bull
son
grandfather
neaO the lollowing passage and
fill in the missing words.
Childless families may be increasingly the result of deliberate choice and the availability of birth 8
For
many years the proportion of couples who were childless declined steadily as venereal and other diseases that cause
te
e
c_.
rant
i_
were conquered. In the 1970s, however, the changes in the status of women reversed this trend. Couples
often choose not to have children or to postpone having them until their careers are well established.
Since the 1960s, several variations on the family unit have emerged. More 10
u_
couples are living 11
t_,
before or instead of marrying. Some elderly couples, most often widowed, are finding it more economically practical to
d
12
without marrying. Homosexual couples also live together as a family more openly today, sometimes sharing
h_
with the children of one partner or with adopted or
14f-
children. Communal families, made
rrent
their 13
iron;
up of groups of related or unrelated people, have long existed in isolated instances. Such units began to occur in the
.l
;ether
United States during the 1960s and 970s as an
15a_
life-style, but by the 1980s the number of communal
families was diminishing.
tlt
and
lf
16
17
IO
r,
to
IO
Match the sayings 0n the left with their definitions 0n the

Don',t throw the babv out
the bathwater.
with
Every family has a skeleton

the cuoboard / closet.
in
a
b
c
skittles. d
e
A growing youth has a wolf in
his belly.
20 To be the black sheeo
IecP v'j
L"e f
of the
1g
19
Life isn,t all beer and
ramirv'
rtional,
21
right.
lf
death makes everyone equal

you cannot always be having fun
a child who is very much like one
his / her parents
of
water.
22 A chip off the otd btock.

23
you can lead a horse to water,

'
but you can't maXe-ii Oiinf..--
24
Death is the great
leveller.
do not discard something
i"ffii"ttirt??"tg
25
pension "
26 miscarriag" o
teenagers are hungry allthe time
you can present someone with an
27 relationship
6ppo'tunity but you Cannot force
them to make use of it
c
28 budget
people who are related stick
more than peopte outside
l:fl.:ll"r
Blood is thicker than
Match the expressions and
use them in sentences'
of
worst
member of the family
has an unpleasant
to be considered as the
' S:8il,t"tily
l:,,",o1t:'or*?,,"
on
please accept
my deepest'
I
. lll,l* ll;,.",
2e
symparhy
30
romance
teenage,
whirlwind
of justice
valuable
for getting rid
l,?,fi?,ip,j"J-*"0
close, love-hate,
intimate'
platonic, uneasy
. FAMILY.
17
HOME
DIFFERENT KINDS OF HOUSING
I
l
Look at the
o||owing
advertisements and match them to

the peopIe they ate best suited ot.
i{'r 'l'* -.'
r.*'t F&.t$' gr*,

ffi":.*n'*
.''-. .c!t'l.l:r.r..tt!|t
sontlnena fi*alty
Joe
.il,i;1],lfiffil',l1;i1;ii1i1*.'
is a computer programmer.
'
works in the centre o the town.
,'
l"j
TFlrulltl|j 'xf
|r
tl4l.JE:ljlilq.Pi,'-|n'..
i.}lsmmn
j
has a car.
wants to live alone.
needs room or an office at home.
il,X
"lrT:::g
r_ z_ ,i
iijfi
;;;":".^'.:.Tel} economlcal
hates traic'
-'
_;;
:::.y.
raIes.
*,",li'Jl' Bl, il
i;:l::.1 inese
;:" I apartmenrs
"'.
Jamie
"
[ifJi]n|h}..d'
llBh|l n il ;D t'.| .
j'''.1'. ' |rn'..'' 1i. Plj tc l]
Ilrt n t u'
-.
4' lr'n1.q]il'':'
I il]n 1
'l'h:ftHil
'4 'lF
'
I'rr:ry g;n,
.qlil.,n:.
."
,i' '''.
.'i ,r..
L&|,..1|' |fii}l
J'!Jii '.;'.?:i.'trlj1
!i
li:
;[.,, i;#"
x;l;."*,1 :: :
}., l l",T .' ;
*T;l:l"l
:
:
:'"'.i.
::
.1*: ro rhe cenrrat
is a college student.
;;:,J:,
"il'!.il;.in':'
".,; ;; Jio: ;
ro pub.
has a small scholarship and is

looking for a part-time job.
;il
;ff;iv:',
likes going to the pub at night.

has a bike: "who needs a car?"
Pil{*..r-'i'nil'r''','',
l.'' l' l
is new in town and doesn't know

any0ne.
is Iiving away from her parents or
the irst time.
l''
r'',,..'",,..
;,
*%
.,'
;.'':]::'ijr''*,
:.,'.1:;:]].'
crose
iliTqJT"",;"x,.":y
ro ;";;;;fj.'":urhood
;,.
i?:Jil:",':T
;::
"';I]]Tl
'i# lj,' l,;
;'ffi
.i;:#i.:;.1.
.*,rur
I ren. NO
PETS $1g00.
.,'*
:1''jl1
;l:..;{fi ,:
!",*,
j-i''il']
nl
*'ii',*
;'m.T-::IqF
il'{
-.'i,i,..
i.]"r
tT
j: J i) .:
iE
i T{
I]t.;
Charlie and Edith

erp
r rpiirpd
nnrrnlp
frt"?.:m
are on a tight budget.
gardengarden
have trouble sleeping at night.

are too old to drive.
l:*
love walking in the country.
.""*;li.
*l
tt? ]i' i'| il... ]
;"'.',
";.,u |.:].:.'
;"l; J.': ; j;
-,
..;. ;";.f;;il;],'
. ]..li'
l ill;.;l'' l,;j*i,'';
, :,Jt lr,
irli;i'1,],:ll:1,-,1 H" r"rJirni.
'r
"'-'F-t,,..r.,.
.o*
l'lu:}.:"frfi
TiJ.}|'] 'vl}
'i.
n
'i;
' <'';,' i'-j-3''1}i
' ' mnh\'.i -.| .] it-i }|tti${''fu
''h,Eb
'^^'")rt udrrl,
oatn. nouse
house
r.r
\4
ith
ilh
"-^^'
n#
illi:'ff j,''".,i", ; ,. ,;
|tf[}i,;!,l'ffl;m
@Wlfi:;'':;;J:'i#;[
iti;wdr..q.L
r+,r;r,ra x:.r
o*n
. ---.--
II
i.J'tllllll*T..i,if;:*;:
ci
18
a lg;;-l
/-\ Listen to the telephone
(,
conversation about a flat that is lor
rent and
lill in the missing
Ringmer Road, Brighton - 01273-946192
1_-bedroom.flat in a 2
flats in the house, the 4
inlormation in Peter's notes.
at
one of them.
on the preceding page and with

a parlner roleplay a similar phone
Special features:
.f Cnoose 0ne 0f the advertisements
conversation. You can take the part

of Joe or Jamie. Your partner is the
landlord/land lady.
house
lives in
floors
rall6
in the garage
share with other tenants
in the back that leads to a 9

wirh a 10
They are loctking
12
for
sorneone who
is
'11
13
{
It&i,t,i
T
Complete the paragraphs on the

right choosing some ol the following
comments.
s *
o
a
a
It is nice and cosy.
ae
aa
&
It
on onnninrro rrnrr
yuu
rt rlno
\/\/dJ
JU )pduruuJ
6.611161
uuuru
n6f
uuL
lost in it.
It had a kitchen corner.
c o t * (}ea I c e c * 6 e s t & & s,
a $a $ t {t a o a * a 6 t c
THESE ARE THE FLATS

OF OUR LIVES
It was very cramped
{3
*
*
*
t
a
a
e When I was at university, I hardly had any money at all. I couldn't get e
5 a room in the halls of residence. so I had to live in a bedsitter. There I
*a
* were some nice things about it. For example, ...
o
ca
a8
I had to share the bathroom with the

other tenants
o But it also had its disadvantages.
a8
s$
double bed.
I When I graduated from university, I found a job as an accountant and Ia

e started to earn decent money. My girlfiiend and I moved into a flat in e
$
! a housing estate. It was much nicer than my previous place.
*":
oâ
* But it still wasn't perfect. My girlfriend eventually broke up with me n
6 and moved out because she said...
*
ec
The living room doubled as my

off ice so it was rather messy.
3 VtV career went ahead very well, and soon I was a rich stockbroker. I
o I got married, and when my wife became pregnant we decided to buy e
l+ \i,4^ ih ^ h^,..1 ^^"+ ^+

rL was In a DaO parl 0t
a house
o
6
Having such a large place, however, presented some problems. For
There was a large sllvimming pool
and hot tub in the back.

The commute to work trvas too long.
The couches folded down into
aa
+,
lown,
The walls truere so thin you could

hear everything your neighbours
said.
It uias rioht rrn the streel ffOm the
un
ive rs ity.
What other advantages and

disadvantages of each kind of house
can you think of?
*
C'
in the suburbs. It was very

and luxurious.
--J expensive
-"r
...
'
:
instance.
sa
s*
...
'
I When I retired. we decided thal \ e needed a change of,.|lpace. so we l

o bought a nice mobile home, with a piece of land in the country where *
at,â
I we could park it when we weren't travelling. It was perfect for our l
e lifestyle.
.
et
sa
Now I'm dead and I rest in a pine box, apparentiy.
...
aats0**oaao0a6a*cae&64oeatcaa$6atsaea
. HOME. 19
TYPES OF DWELLINGS
1
Match the following expressions to the piclures. Put a number in each box.
semi-detached house (GB)

duplex/two-family house (US)
1'
hous
the
chalet
teraced house (GB)
ri
Then
nam(
lrom
row house (US)

block of flats (GB)
apartment building (US)
detached house (GB)
(single-family) house (US)
bungalow (GB)
ranch house (US)
caravan (GB)
trailer (US)
Â./\
,nt n/L
half-timbered house
Tudor-style house (GB)
r,v'
Y',^ffimx'^.
rr
would you be most likely lo lind

each of these houses? Can they all be
found in your country?
What kinds 0f people do you think live in
/Where
/=
T-t
tl
each?
,t
it
Wnicn gpe of house do you live in and
Describe the house of the luture. What
what other type of house might you like

living in?
will be different?
What will stay the same?
Types of Dwellings
redbrick house
(without plaster)
stately home
housing estate
half{imbered house
council houses and

flats (GB) / housing
project (US) / public
housing (US)
condo(minium) (US)
high-rise / towerblock /
multi-storey building
skyscraper
town house
country house
mans | 0n
manor house
castl e
cnaleau
20
flat (GB)/
attractive
apartment (US)
palace
bachelor flat
bedsitter
bedsit
studio
summer coitage
weekend cottage /
"second home"
basement flat
log cabin
comf ortable
Positive qualities
grass hut
ig
loo
luxurious
mobile home
roomy
exquisite
leasant
haunted
to
to
to
to
ramshackle
to furnish
Negative qualities
tit^în^+^n
uildprudruu
p0ky
spotless
well-kept
move house
rent (out)
lease
(re)decorate
sl
to renovate
to refurbish
gr
OL
to alter
to pull down
gi
lo
demolish
IO
eaKy
SA
damp
dc
tidy
ideous
shabby
large
to move into
to move out of
dingy
spacious
Activities
newly built
cramped
a squat
egant
magn ilicent
c0sy
teepee
halls of residence (GB)

dorm(itory) (US)
bachelor
pad
Tudor-style house (GB)

c0IIage
el
PARTS OF A HOUSE
I What are the marked parts of the

I
house called? Wrile their names on
the right.
Then cover the column and say the

names again, using lhe adjectives
from the box on the preceding page.
*urrnthe items in the box to the

things they do.
solar panels keep in the heat
sawdust pellets fuel the wood stove
insulation and double-glazed provide electricity
windows keep water from leaking
wood stove into the house
shingles provides heat
Parts of a House
Day wrn00\/V
In the garden
ilat or sloping or butterf ly
casement window
thatched
storm windows (US)
corrugated iron
shingled / tiled
conservatory
corridor
gazebo
basement
patr o
ceilar
greenhouse
utility room
swimming pool
TV aerial (GB) /
antenna (US)
storeroom
garden gate
w0rKSn0p
garoen patn
skylight
raun0ry
flagstones
gutter
drying room
airing cupboard (GB)
garden gnome
roof
chimney
chimney-stack
lightning conductor (GB)

rod (US)
attic conversion
garret
ioft
lolt conversion
sash-wi ndow
dormer window
converted attic
boiler room
library
i hothouse
cou rtyard
back garden (GB)
drive (GB)
study
pantry
entrance hall
bird table
bacn yard (US)
driveway (US)
letter box (GB)
receplr0n r00m
foyer
ne0
mait box (US
feeder
larder
. HOME. 21
BUILDING A HOUSE
I
I
1r'
Try answering some of these
questions before reading the text.
GRANDFATHER'S GIFT
Then read it to correct and check the

answers and complete the task.
When the author

she was
a
b
c
0
2
first saw the house,
excited.
sceptical.
relieved.
angry.
According to George, what was the

most important part of the house?
a
b
c
d
the roof
the rafters
the foundations
the environmentally-friendly
featu res
Now that the house is finished, the

auIn0
a
b
wishes they were still building it.

thinks it wasn't worth all of the
problems they had to deal with.
is happy it is finished.
wishes they had done some things
differently.
c
d
tr
lFind
word in the text that means
the lollowing.
to have something passed

on to you when its previous
owner dies
r
r
r
r
r
discouraged
damaged by water
When we inherited this old house from my grandfather, my first

thought was to pull it down and start all over again. The roof had
collapsed in several places, the floor was sagging, and itjust generally
looked a mess. My husband, George, is a building contractor, and
he wasn't put off by how bad the house looked. He went straight to
the cellar to inspect the foundations. If the foundations were solid,
he said, the rest could be repaired. They were, so we called an
architect and started drawing up plans for renovating the house.
The biggest problem was the roof. It had several holes in it, and the
beams and rafters were rotten almost all the way throllgh. So we
replaced the roof altogether, put in new rafters, then covered the
roof with new shingles. We replaced the floorboards and then covered
them with lovely wall-to-wall carpeting.
age
empty
small sores caused by

rubbing the skin too much
Sometimes, when I'm sitting in fiont of the stove with a glass of

I almost miss the days when this old house was just a barren
skeleton, full of possibilities. Then I think of all of the sore muscles
and blisters, of all of the problems we ran into along the way, and
I'm glad it's all behind us and that now we can just sit back and
enjoy
it.
site
Tools and construction

machinery
mortar
to renovate an old fiouse
co
to rebuild
cement
io level the ground
tn din lho fnrrndetinnc
prefabricated sections
r^ ^^^1,, (^" ^ ^^.t^^^^

ru dppry rur d il1u[udgu
building society (GB) / savings

loan institution (US)
and
nc
rete
rave
excavato r
bu
{l
dozer
scaffo ld i ng
ferro-concrete
timber (GB)
||
cement mtxer
lumber (US)
oorboards
wheel barrow
sn 0ve
beams and rafters
trowel
bri cks
pranK
0uc Kel
Building materials
buill of brick
ti le
sto ne
slate
breeze-bl ocks
sh ing le
22
i
I
Building a House
construction
I
I
I
I
I
George and I didn't just want to build a house that would last. We also
wanted it to be environmentally sound, something that we could f-eel
proud to live in. We therefore installed state-of-the-ar1 solar panels on
the roof. We lined the walls with extra-thick insulation and installed
double-glazed windows so the house would keep in the heat. We even
reused the huge piles of sawdust that were left over from the job. We
had them compressed into wood pellets that could be burned in our
new wood-stove. It's amazing. One scoop of pellets burns for as long
as a whole los of wood. and heats the whole house.
__,J
wine,
to press together
building site
HALL
I
It
t,no the following in the picture.

1
doormat
2 hinge
rst
doorhandle
ad
peephole
tlv
keyhole
nd
to
id,
an
letter box (GB)

mailbox (US)
7 lock and (security) chain
8 threshold
,ve
he
ed
,so
10
ll
l2
l3
t4
wall-to-wall carpet x rug

entry phone / intercom
keys
staircase
staircase landing
:el
15 handrail
on
16 bannister
(lighr)switch
18
19
20
clock
coat rack
cupboard
r.r
9 doorstep
he
l7
/ railing
Customs and manners vary lrom country to country.

Are there "fronl-d00r" behaviour differences between your
country and Britain / US?
to wipe (one's).feet
to take sb's coat / hanp one's coat
to turn
to look through
to take o.ff one's .shoe.s
to ring the (door)bell
to bolt the door
at
Look at the picture carelully again and spot one mistake

the artist has made.
ed
'en
ffe
)ur
)ng
of
ren
les
Lnd
nd
. HOME. 23
BEDROOM
I
I
r.t
Find the following in the picture
missing things. You could also just write their names into the picture.
below.
I
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
double bed
headboard
sheets and blankets
bed linen
pillowcase
eiderdown (GB) / duvet
(GB)/down comforter (US)
mattress
chest of drawers
dressing table
u tlog or o cat, u bible, a cradle, etc.
1l
2t
3
4)
5'
6r
tl
8l
11
12:
stool
12 bedside table
l3 bedside lamp
13t
14s
15
l4
alarm clock
15 wedding photo
16(
/ builrin
wardrobe (GB) / closet (US)
t7 curtain
head of the bed
bed
ofdirty tlothes on the.floo4
9r
mirror
16 fitted wardrobe
e.g. exercise bike, piles
Ir
10r
11
18
lYou may not like the bedroom below. Draw your ideat one, adding the
17 I
18t
x foot of the
19t
20t
/ socket
22r
2lt
t9 window sill
20 power point (GB)
BATHROOM
rg the
Find the following in the picture.
bath/bathtub/tub
'le. etc.
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
shower
laundry basket (made of cane)
/ bath / beach towel

washbasin / handbasin
towel rail / rack
hand
bath mat
bidet
medicine cabinet / chest
t0 shower cuftain
1l bathroom scales
t2 soap: a bar of soap
13 plug
t4 sponge
l5
t6
t7
flannel (GB) / wash cloth (US)
comb
brush
18 toothbrush
t9 toothpaste
20 toothmug
2l toilet
22 roll of toilet paper
23 toilet seat
24 pedestal
25 cistern
26 (bathroom) mat
27 tiled floor / floor tiles
28 back scrubber
29 shampoo and conditioner
30 rod / rail
r.l
lHete
ar
Discuss the usage of the

following words with your
teacher.
toilet
bathroom
restroom
WC
loo
lav
lavatory
are some verbs connected
with the nouns in exercise 1 - try lo

match them.
to take
bog
have a long
the john
to stand on
to fill / run
to spray every-thing
to
pull
I|
"To go to the toilet" is a very

direct expression in English.
to.flush
to squeeze
to go to / sit on / read on
to clean
to overflow
to slip on
Note these expressions: to powder

one's nose, to wash one's hands, to
be excused, to spend a penny, etc.
Do any of them translate from
your own language?
-_*.
I_-\-\-----""_
/_z
.HOME
25
KITCHEN
t
Find the following in the picture and group them under the following headings:
I
1
kitchen unit
15 mlcrowave oven
2 cupboard
16 refrigerator
3 kitchen sink
fridge
t7 rubbish bin (GB)
/ trash can (US)
18 electric kettle
4 tap (GB)
5
6
7
8
faucet (US)
bread bin
draining board
dish rack
pelmet / curtain
rail
Venetian blind
10 dishwasher
11 stove / cooker
12 knife and fork

13 extractor fan /
cooker hood
14 oven
t9
toaster
20 shelf
2l sieve / strainer
22 washing-up
liquid (GB) /
dishwashing
liquid (US)
23 dishcloth
24 ladle lmixing /
wooden spoon
)< mug
26 kitchen towel
tea-towel /
drying-up cloth
26
LIVING ROOM
(\
\)
\J
\_,_-=---r'
O
C)
| 0n the right there are s0me old pieces of furnilure found
in the living room. lf each of them could talk, what would

they say?
r\
\_/
c>
rocking chair
chest of drawers
grandfather clock
nest of tables
tt
I
How do you like to relax?

What would be in your dream living room that could help
you unwind after a hard day at work or at school?
Using the empty diagram on the right, describe your ideal
living room. Would you use any ol the pieces ol furniture
in the pictures on this page?
W
re
Living Room
nest of tables
wall unit
magazrne racK
French windows
plant rack
shutters
fi
replace
grandfather clock
mantelp iece
drinks cupboard
pai nti ng
rocking chair
chandel ier
bookcase
reclining chair
^+ârla..l
Jtdlrudru
shelves
swivel chair
spotlight
war0r00e
wing chair
dimmer switch
sofa/couch/settee
oak table
sofa-bed
sideboard (GB)
coj{ee table
piano
cabinet
vertical blinds
lamn
rdil rp
electric fire
china cabinet (US)
gas
fi re
doubie glazing
. HOME. 27
GARDEN
I
I
Do you have a garden at your house? Do you enioy working in

see it as just another chore?
at
lLook
TL
you
mow the grass
at the pictures below. Name the actions and/or the tools.
,\
rake the leaves
LH
you i
dig the garden
at
.l
prune the fruit trees
il, or do you
call
water the plants
wtatcn the pictures and the phrases on the right.
weed the flowerbed
tou, neighbour is getting a little bit too old to take care of the garden by
hersell and has asked you to help. Take a look at the list ol chores on the right
and decide which ones you should do, which ones she can do by herself, and
which jobs can be done by both ol you.
prick out the seedlings
thin out the carrot patch
spread manure in
the vegetable plot
plant the lettuce

and cabbage
ii
(oli
-il
trim the hedge with shears
lay
t7)
" sow the lawn
(l
D
fiTt
otf
call?
What
Write
|_
I
I
Garden
allotment' garden
fsn6s
"
to dig the garden
land
hedge
rockery (GB)
fl
rock garden (US)
SNTUD
OUSN
poor soil
owerpot
lawnmower
watering can
window box
hose(pipe)
nursery box
wheel barrow
sapling
deckchai r
spade
II
I
a
I
T
manure/dung"63Pp651
IIOWEI
spray nozzle
nrrdon nlinnorc / qhprrq
lawn flowerbed ,
'
snOvel
secateu rs
hoe
work gloves
pitchlork
vegetable seeds
to graft
rake
grass seed
to be in bud
lawn
to bloom (flowers)
scythe
to be in blossom (trees)
sickle
{eriile
"
barren
infertile
earth
vegetable plot
to piant st
" sow seeds

to prick out (GB) / transplant
28
(US)
grass rake
step ladder
chai nsaw
I
I
Ia
a
garden gloves
I
I
I
I
!
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Look at the pictures and name the tools and actions

you do wlth them.
MAINTENANCE
Ow
N-a
lf
i.
I'
oP
ul
%@@
f,
handy are you? Which of the following things would

you attempt to lix yourself and which ol them would you
call in a specialist for? Circle the letter lor these.
/How
a dripping tap
,tli}{r:;
peeling paint on the window frames
a gas leak
a broken water heater
installins new shelves in the larder
building a conservatory
{t
D
putting in a satellite dish
fixing a broken lawnmower
'll::,
(9)
WT
Fr"
t
installing a high-voltage electrical
outlet for a new washing machine
putting in a phone jack in the study
al
.f
tt you did decide to call in a specialist, who would you
call?
What tools and materials would be needed for each job?
Write at least two next to each job.
\
*1
Maintenance
II
(N.8. The nouns printed in italics can alsa be used as veros.)

N
hanner
axe
nai I
a
a
SC
I
I
I
I
fretsaw "
AC KSAW
!t
t
'
sary
!
I
!
hatchet
TEW
drawing pin
.J
(spirit) /erel
socket set
T-square
vice (GB)/ vise (US)
(electric) drili
spanners (GB)
open-ended ring (GB)

box end (US)
'
mallet
b
adjustable
race
clamp
to service
Iape neasure
I0 ren0vate
to maintain
to repair I nend I
file
locksm ith
fix
(up)
too I box
'
pincers
wrench
(GB)
Skilled labourers
bricklayer
plasterer
carpenter " joiner
electrician
crescent
(US)
mole grips (GB)

grips (US)
glazier
wrenches
(US)
pair of pliers
sc rewd r ive r
chlsel set
(paint)brush
(paini) roller
folding ruler
prumDer
plane
glue
nuts and bol/s

I
I
hw
vise
tasks
interior decorator
roofer
tiler
to wh itewash
to distemper
to lay the tiles
to build the walls
to paint the furniture
to hang wallpaper i
wat
tpaper
to assemble
'
il?ko furniture
. HOME. 29
HOME
T
- PRACTICE MAKES PERFECT
lill
lRr
in the missing words.
Largely depending on their means, people in Britain live in a diverse variety of 1 a_______ ranging from
country 2m____
to single rooms or hostels in the inner cities. The majority, however, live in 3
h___
Ther
and
provi
(to a lesser extent) flats, either as owner-occupiers or as 4 t__*____ paying rent. About 19 per cent of houses are
cent
31 per cent are semi-6 d_______ and 29 per cent are 7 t_______. Owner-occupation increased
substantially between 1971 and 1994. Most people buy their homes with a 8 m ______, with the 9
p___
as
security. 10 B______ societies are the largest source of such loans, although banks and other financial institutions
also take a significant share in the mortgage market.
ll
I
I Match the lollowing expressions with the lour nouns ACC0MMODATION
(a), NEIGHB0URH00D (b), LOAN (c) and
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
to hunt for
to calculate
to pay back / off a
19
20
...
22
23
24
25
26
21
rate
shortage of
to grow up in a
middle-class
to take on / out a
WALL
8m_
th_
ll^
bank
suitable
to provide
... accumurares
dangerous
generous
to live off the
BRICK
ill
own
ROOF
In recent years, her career has gone through the 27
28_
lt was like talking to a29-:
In the process, he
his control over the company.

nobody paid attention to what I was saying.
There was a huge propaganda campaign to drive
lV
30_
the message.
nu this crossword.
IV
Across
'1
. a large impressive
house
5. a room used for
both living and
sleeping in
7. space directly under
the roof of a house,
used for storing
things
30
to move into / out of a
the following w0rds inlo the sentences and try to interpret the metaphor; what are the equivalents in your
||
'nttu
own language?
HOME CEMENTED
and
(d)a
INTEREST/MONEY (d) and translate the collocations.

11
they
Down
2. a small window in a
roof or ceiling
3. a long metalor
plastic channelfixed
under the edge of a
roof to carry away
the water when it
rains
4. a private road or
area between a
house and the street
for the use of
vehicles
6. a structure covering
or forming the top of
a building
I
from
_
ano
S dIY
raseo
_as
rtrons
r) and
HOME - AND MORE PRACTICE...

provided by local housing authorities. Thirty-seven per cent of local authority
t_
they 5 o_
houses, and twenty-five per cent in semi-4
cent in 3
d_
thirty{hree per
houses. Most have the right to buy the homes
and for sale to those on low incomes and in the greatest housing 7
I m_
I h_
in Great Britain is
if they wish. Housing associations are the main providers of additional low-cost housing for 6
n_.
r_
Associations now own, manage, and
almost a million homes and about 65 thousand hostel bed-spaces in Great Britain. Almost 10 per cent of
are rented from private 10
l_
ll
tu,rn the following verbs and adiectives with the lour nouns INHERITANCE (a), HOME (b), HOUSE (c), and D00R
(d) and translate the collocations.
19
to answer the
11
to work from
20
to claim
12
to (re)decorate
21
to demolish
t!)
to set up
1A
22
sliding
t+
worthless
to squander
23
tc
revolving
TII
your
t htenants live in 2 f_,
There are some 5 million houses and flats in the public housing sector. Most of the public
tb
sprawling
17
B
to come into
24
25
26
second
fill in the missing wotds.
to refurbish / renovate
magnificent
to slam
| | lnsert the following w0rds into the sentences and try to interpret the metaphor; what are the equivalents in your
own language?
RUINS FOUNDATIONS CEILING
a27_
to put a 28-
The convention offered

They decided
The
29_
WINDOW
on the latest green technology.

on the income of MPs.
are being laid for a steady increase in energy prices for the next year.
Her career was in 30
lV
nu this crossword,
Across
Down
1. a seat without a
back or arms
3. a large long
container for water
in which a person
sits to have a bath
6. the floor or ground
at the bottom of a
doorway, considered
as the entrance of a
house
1. a long soft seat with

a back and usually
with arms, for two or
more people
2. a small opening in a
wall, door, curtain,
etc through which
one may look
4. sheets and
pillowcases
5. a flai board fixed to
a wall or forming
part of a cupboard,
bookcase, etc for
things to be placed
utl
. HOME. 31
FOOD
1o
Woulr
Shoul
2*
Look at lhe pictures below and match them with the following words:
rTl
ea
asparagus
cauliflower
blackberries
blueberries
celery
sweetcorn
eggplant / aubergine
broccoli
-qrapes
peppers
chilli / chile peppers pumpkin
sqr-rash
green beans
lettuce
radishes
turnip
peas
spinach
watermelon
cabbage
@,,
r 'f{"
2Sh
be
a
@n
4B
ffi
til
ffiffim
[irt
l*
l-l
l;l
I't
Itr
li'i
$
HEALTHY EATING
Oo Uou know anyone who is a vegetarian?

Would you ever consider being a vegetarian? What things would you miss the most?
Should children be vegetarians? Do you think that it is healthy?
2 lG,
Listen to the recording and answer the questions.
I The speaker
because
a it is full ofpreservatives.
b she doesn't like the taste.
c it's too expensive.
d it gets contaminated by water
her parents gave it to her with

every meal.
she had a pet sheep who was
killed for meat.

she doesn't think it is healthy.
c
d
2
3 The speaker doesn't eat fish
says that she quit
eating meat because
pollution.
she prefers fish.
She thinks that meat isn't healthy
because
aren't raised naturally.
it
causes heart disease and
high cholesterol.
it spoils before it gets to the

market.
Healthy Eating
Meat
minced meat/ mince (GB) I
ground beef (US)
A'1
i7
E
|''1
IV
offal
f'l
veal
t,
pork
zander
bear
sausage
capercai
salami
Pou
tinned meat
ki
dneys
Fish
carp
cold cuts (US)
/."
\,9
ffi
\:'/
blackcock
||
ie
UCK
g00se
broiler
cap0 n
tu rkey
free-range eggs
Soups
r/
//-\
chicken
Ir0ui
l_-/
pike
clear soup
eel
cream sOup
broth
c0d
Irpe s0up
sal mon
pea sOup
sardi nes
vegetable soup
mackerel
tomal0 soup
mushroom soup
tu na
,h\
lt
ltry
//
OK
(59
\ijA
('o*'
hazelnuts
Dairy produce
(semi-)skimmed milk
Milk
walnuts
fulljat milk
coco
'
yoshurt
ut
m0n0s
fi gs
ar
f#,\
ti | .))
\:j/
cheddar
blue cheese
nnttenp nhopcp
/.\ll
wild boar
sm0ked meat
tr pe
\*-/
rabbit
ham
liver
A
(il)
Game
apple
stock cube
chicken noodle soup
wels
partridge
baco n
lunchmeat
pheasant
MUIION
catfish
hare
lam0
would eat healthy meat if she

could lind it.
doesn't like beans but has to
eat them fbr their protein.
has had to learn how to cook
new things like pastas and
stir-fries.
bouillon
ven ts0n
beef
can't imagine not being

a vegetanan.
a it is fattening.
b the animals it comes from
c
She says that she
:Hil
A
\-;:'
nuts
(. ):_.rjrt?
OAIES
ra ts Ins
Vegetables
on ion
garl ic
teeK
Fruit and
cucumber
banana
aubergine
potatoes
lemon
0range
grapefru it
pineapple
satsuma \\6nectarine r'1,\

tanserine (((i
llJ)
bilberries
/ blueberries
\J*'.,
cran be rr es
rr es
gooseberries
ras p De
strawberries
mu lberries
cu
rrants
cnerry
plum
aprcot
SEA bASS
n000les
peach
perch
liver balls
pear
W
t-l
F1
\*l
V
eggplanl
carrots
parsn j p
celeriac
koh I rabi
'
celery
Rrrrqqplq qnrnrrtq
r0mat0es
0eans
nrpon
hornq
wv|
wvu| |U /GR\ //
9|
'
\v9l
French beans /
string beans (US)
lentils
mixed pickles
gherki ns
mushrooms
rhubarb
horserad ish
courgette (GB) /
zucchini (US)
. FOOD.
33
HEALTHY EATING
.t
Discuss whether the following foods are healthy or

unhealthy and say why.
How healthy is the cuisine of your country?
ls it healthy to eat/drink the items below? Why or
what
'v:
th icke
roast
"w
BBQ oork ribs
WT
f-o\
dark bread
1t,
belovr
ffi'kN,
*1
/
---{l
french fries
green salad
ce rea
why not?
-=
-W
S
mrcr0
q
uarr
+;;r--,,,t
ice cream
wh
ry
isky
@ffi
salty foods
fresh lruit
TV dinners
cof f ee
fried chicken
fish
chocolate
fried cheese
4{
notes describing your personal preferences in

eating and cooking and what you think may have
influenced them. Then exchange your views with other
sludents. In groups ol lour, prepare a short report for lhe
cl
wtat<e
ass.
Healthy Eating
nou
rishment
pu r ses
soya meat
to be overweight
saturated
to put on weight
to be slimming
to lose weight
to eat modestly
to tle on a diet
anorexia nervosa
buiimia
Weight Watchers (famous
slimm ng club)
vegetar an
vegan
meat-eaier
factory-farmed meat
p
rese rvat I ves
grains
crumbles
high-f bre d
health food
chunks
frozen yoghurt
lelly (GB) / jello (US) / gelatine
et
unsaturated lats
/ whoie
food
tam (GB) / telly (US)

marmalade
Sweets and confectionery
Sea
brownies (US)
sundae
to be weight conscjous
low-calor e f ood
to get fat
34
Cr
(b ra
Meals and snacks

to grab
snatch a bite to eat
to lunch at one's desk
Cakes, pies and pastries
packed lunch (GB)

sack unch (US)
sponge cake
elevenses (GB)
pa n caKes
lrult cake
I0 p0p 0ul
to go out for lunch
cu
stard
ice cream cone
appie
cn0c0rate
apple strudel
toffees
apple
candy bar (US)
0un
candy floss (GB)

(US)
/ cotton
semolina pudding
banana spiit
candy
pre
works canteen
rhubarb crumble
dlnner
cafeteria
irl
r0s(
mar
CU
TI
0re(
nutr
pub lunch
clor
liquid lunch
trlile (GB)
muf f in
brunch
bas
cn l\
to live on coffee and cigarettes
sc0 ne
cru mpet
parl
sag
uncheon vouchers (GB)

lunch tickets (US)
rice pudding
Chrlstmas puddlng (GB)
to send out for sandwiches
tart
cookies (US)
red
thyr
to have lunch with sb
00ugnnul
biscults (GB)
whi
grn(
min
an ls
cinr
lhtt
I
I
COOKING
al
ln pairs, make notes in your own language as y0ur

partner dictates a recipe to you. Then wrile a recipe for
your favourite meal.
Separate the following verbs into the three categories

below, then describe the difference between them saying
what kinds of foods are typically prepared in this way.
thicken poach
roast peel
microwave
stir
crush
quarter bake
Chicken Parmesan (serves 2)

2 full chicken breasts,
3 tsp. oregano
scramble
boned
chop blend dice
simmer
boil
stew
whip
try
pur6e
mince
1 16 oz tin tomato
3 eggs
3 cloves garlic
juice of 1 lemon
grill
steam sautd
beat
I onion
I package
paste
some f'lour
2 tsp. dried basil
1/4 lb. parmesan cheese
I tsp. salt
112 lb. mozzarella cheese
1 tsp. pepper
breadcrumbs
a large bowl, beat the eggs. Mix in the lemon juice and
pinch of parmesan cheese. Add chicken breasts, making
sure that they are completely covered by the egg mixture,
and allow to marinate for 6 hours.
Preheat oven tcl 200' C.
In
l\
t/;.n
Peel and crush the garlic. Dice the onions. Cover the
bottom of a small saucepan with a thin layer of olive oil,
add the garlic, onions, oregano, and basil. Saut6 over low
'.sr..
heat until soft. Add tomato paste and simmer for

30 minutes.
Heat a thin layer of olive oil in a small pan. Take chicken
breasts fiom the egg mixture and cover in a light layer of
flour. Dip chicken back into the eggs and then cover with
a generous layer of breadcrumbs. Place gently in the pan
and brown lightly on both sides.
Pour enough tomato sauce to cover the base of a small
casserole dish. Add the chicken breasts, cover with the
remainder of the sauce and sprinkle the grated cheese on
top. Bake for l5-20 minutes or until the cheese is golden
ns
,v
brown.
Serve with spaghetti or oven-baked potatoes, mixed green
salad, and a good red wine.
Bon
Cooking
Season i ngs
(black) pepper
cumin (powder)
saucepan
caraway
frying pan
collecting cook(ery) books

ovnhrnninn roninoc
white pepper
allsp ice
00ugn
a foody (sb obsessed with food)
chillies
pastry
gourmand
co rnfl ou r
connoisseur
red pepper
paprika
gourmet
parsley
vinegar
breadcrumbs
luxury foods
sage
mustard
qrled drpqqinn
self-raising flour
baking powder
Q|'OV}I x $flUgg
seafood
chives
d
r0semary
curry (powder)
0
re0an 0
soy sauce
Cooking
itl
marJ0ram
soya sauce
basil
:'l
thyme
ngredients
a pinch of
to add
to bring to the boil
a boil
caviar
lobster
puree(d) potatoes
crr
rtpo/d) /nntrtnpc\
wuvLwv\v/
champagne
rr
Ii
ngs
ce
fancy loods
satm0n
mashed potatoes
dump
sparkling wine
vintage wine
quail's eggs
snacks
nutmeg
to dip
stewed fruit
clove(s)
to marinate
canned fruit
open sandwiches
gi
nger
canap6s
to bottle
Cooking for pleasure
sandwiches
mrnt
to pickle
baking tin
"The way to a man's heart is through

his stomach."
nrprtinn nprrr diqhpc
appelrsers
aniseed
ci
nnamon
casserole (dish)
crisps (GB)/ potato chips (US)

peanuts
. FOOD.
35
EATING OUT
I
I
Put the following steps
to eating out in the corect

order.
I to" fill in the missing information
in the following dialogues.
Dialogue A
Dialogue
I
I
I
I
Hello, Bistro LeReepov, how may I help
Good evening, my name is Marcelle, and
you'?
I will
leave a tip
Hello, I'd like to reserve a table for the
you ready to order?
leave your coats in the
evening of the twenty-fourth, please.
Yes, I think so.
reserve a table
I
I
I
T
eat the appetiser
I
I
I
I
t
I
Two, please.
I think we'll start off with the mixed

seafbod.
look at the menu
be your waiter fbr the evening. Are
cloakroom
order your meal
IT
go to the restaurant
ask fbr the menu
Non-smoking, please. And, could I please
pay the bill
have one of the tables that overlooks the
I
t
f
t
No, I think we'lljust share one porlion.
I
I
I
I
bay?
eat the dessefi
wait fbr the waiter
:M
tc.'
seat you
ask for the
bill
Oh, too bad. Oh, well, anywhere
will
do,
Yes,
I'll
the lady
then.
r
I
r
have the Spaghetti Alfredo, and
will have... what did you want,
dear'l Oh, yes, fhe Macaroni Surprise.
eat the main course
leave the restaurant

?
Eight o'clock
A bottle of your finest red wine, and some
ff-T
water as well.
Thank vou. Good bve.

Thank you.
r
head waiter
milk jug
barman (GB)/
bartender (US)
\rvlne glass
quality
IASIE
inedible
nutritive value
cafeteria
barmaid
appearance
menu planning
steak house
chef
grill room
tablecloth
surroundings
snack bar
table mats
nice atmosphere
coflee-shop
napki ns
good range of wines

wide choice of beer
spirits and liqueurs
candlel ight
soft music
tearoom
to lay / set the table

to clear the table
mrrcie
/
,
/
"uu,w
muzak
undercooked, overcooked
tough
36
fat
qlnur. nnnd qpniirp
lean
rennad, / ninpd
vu,,,
y,Pvu
'vw
tender
!sr
I
I
I
t
I
I
I
I
Eating Out
price
t
I
t
I
I
I
unpalatable food
takeaway restaurant (GB)

carryout (US)
cutler;r
pub
sugar i0ngs
refectory
cups
landlord (GB)
inn bar'night club
wine bar
SAUCETS
'
waiter
waitress
lates
teaspoon
sugar 00wl
I
I
:DI
beer mug
cruet (GBXold-fashloned)
pepper shakers (US)
salt and
alt
ln a restaurant
to ask the waiter for the menu
to order an appetiser / an hors
d'oeuvre (starter)
the main dish
course
lHe
d
ishe
menul
extras (GB)
side orders (US)
dpccort( // nrrddinn /GR\
uvwuw,
Atlanti
something to drink
to ask for the bill (GB)/
follow
vegetables
the check (US)
help
Ameri
oronl
SPECIALITIES OF BRITISH AND AMERICAN COOKING

gTXTTTGITBf
IT!E'.AI'*TTTFT
JJ'$ DI]IER
, and
Are
Menu
MENU
:
The Tud.or
Nook
STARTERS
Starte rs
'
10n.
_____l
, and
Ant
_'l
I some
:I
MAIN COURSES
a
I
t
t
I
I
I
I
lVlain co u rses
T
T
isroe oRDERS
Vegetables
/ Extras
f
I
t
I
I
I
t
I
,
I
I
fl
I
:I DESSERTS
!rr!trrxrtrlttr!EStnrttrIart
Here are some of the
di shes currently lound on
menus on both sides of the

Atlantic. Ask your leacher for
BBQ Chicken Wings

Spaghetti Bolognese
Prawn Cocktail
Baked Potatoes
Apple Tart and
Fillet Steak with

Mushrooms and Onion
Rings
Roast Duckling in
Orange Sauce
Chips
Philly Steak and
French Fries
Cheese Sandwich
Jacket Potatoes
help and decide whether the
Custard
Pat6 and Toast
lollowing dishes are on the
Nachos
Chef's Salad
American menu (on the left)
Chili Cheeseburger
Caesar Salad
or on the British one.
Banana Split
Chocolate Mousse
New York Sirloin

Steak
Apple Pie and Ice

Cream
. FOOD.
37
SPECIALITIES OF BRITISH AND AMERICAN COOKING

1l
Engli
ln small groups, act out a scene

at a restaurant. One person should
be the waiter, while the others are
for n
for tz
the customers.
anlm
fbr
st
prov(
stomi
at
cholr
a cor
.l
Wtrat is on a typical menu in a

restaurant in your country? Wotk in
small groups and write such a menu.
worl<
dead,
youn
One,
Choose one of the dishes and

describe the things you can
recognize. Your pafiner must guess
which picture you are describing.
is tha
army
pollu
back,
Then try to agree on what the

remaining things are.
Brita
gettir
Example:
I think it could be a bowl of soup.
There is something like pasta next
comt
Briti
armet
to...
centu
The thing at the back reminds me
inclir
of...
taste
ofEn
At its
Specialities of British and American Cooking

cuisine / cooking
junk / fast food
fruit juice
convenience food
mrxers
Howt
teetotal ler
half t
'put the kettle on"

kettle for boiling water
cook-chill food
teapot rinsed with hot water
hot dog
spare ribs
a teaspoonful for each cup and
an exceilent brand of tea
sirloin
Coftee
black coffee
fillet
coffee with cream
rump
express0
0arDecue
cappucclno
pizza
caffe
"one for the pot'

Darjeel i ng
liqueu
decaffeinated coffee
"real" or instant
mineral water
stout
tem0na0e
"pi nt"
iltered
tap water
apple cider (US)
"real ale"
p0p
cider
lrish stew
coffee
roast beef
collee machine (GB)/
leg of lamb
Sunday joint / roast
lamb / pork chops
coffee maker (US)
coffee grounds
nrnrrnd nn{{pp
ginger ale
soda
'
soda water
milkshake
go al
learn:
perco lated
qnt t:qh
stree
as pe
Guinness
Turkish
nrlnnp
side-r
cousi
brown ale
Cornish pasty
grinder
on th
nearl
cardb
Yorkshire pudding
mill/
/ whiskey (US & lrish)
lager
haggis
turkey
bitter
Soft drinks
(US)
scotch on the rocks
fish and chips
/ spirits / liquor
beer and ale
China
hard drinks
whisky (GB)
Earl Grey
you.
Alcoholic drinks
plain water
roast chicken
38
Tea
TV dinner
T-bone
as an
rea0y-10-serve
hamburger with lrench

fries (US) / chips (GB)
SIEAK
True
wine
,|
snerry
ice cube
cocktail drinks
malted milk
short (GB)
malt
to toast
shot (US)
drink sb's health
Fo<rd for Thought

English food has become, over the years, a byword
for mediocrity, for vegetables cooked to a mush,
for tasteless pies containing unmentionable bits of
animals, for soggy, greasy chips, sad salads, and
for starch, sugar, and bread with everything. The
proverb "the way to a man's heart is through his
stomach" probably owed as much to slow death by
cholesterol poisoning as it did to cuisine as

a courtship accessory. But like so much of the
world's view of Britain, it reflects a reality long
dead, a minor on an empire so long gone that few
young Britons today even know it existed.
One of the problems of taking over half the world
is that you have to fight for it. This puts men in the
army, women in the factories, and an awful lot of
pollution in the rivers. Plus people tend to fight

back, and a classic way to attack an island (like
Britain) is to blockade it - stop its food supplies
getting through. So, for a couple of hundred years,
British men had to be content with the foul
compromises that make up boarding school and
armed services food, and the ten per cent of the 20'h
century devoted to world wars was marked by an

inclination to eat nearly anything, as long as the
taste had been boiled out of it. Thus. the world view
of English food is based on a certain amount of fact.
At its worst, it is as boring, unhealthy, and tasteless
as an aftemoon in a cigarette factory.
However, one ofthe advantages ofhaving occupied
half the world is that half the world now occupies
you. Restaurants and takeaways offering variations
on the delicious cuisines of India and China have
nearly ousted fish-and-chip shops from the

side-streets of Britain's towns, although in the high
streets the Great American Hamburger and its

cousins continue to franchise their own versions of
cardboard cuisine for the uneducated palate. And
as people grow up in multiracial environments and
go abroad for their holidays, so the English are

learning to appreciate decent food.
True or false
1
2
3
4
And the curious thing is that we had it all the time;

we just weren't cooking it dght, or we had fbrgotten
it could be eaten at all. Thirty or more species of
edible and delicious fish are common round the
British coast, with another 20 or so nearly

completely ignored in the fresh water, including the
incomparable eel and the succulent fat carp. What
tastier dish than a fast-poached salmon can grace
the table at a wedding reception? Our pastures thrive
in the famous English rain. Roast lamb with a hint
of herbs, perhaps rosemary or thyme, served with
baked potatoes and lightly steamed greens, is nearly
enough to make me fly home from Brno for Sunday
dinner. And, given that noone introduces lentil or

nut sanctions, the British vegetarian can feast on
some of the most tasty plant products in the northern
world.
In fact, the whole situation leads to some awfully

politically incorrect conclusions. It seems to me that
the more warlike a nation, the less it appreciates its
food. Think about it. Now the sun has long set on
Britain as a world warrior, perhaps we can settle
down to more simple pleasures, like eating well.
TL 1998
give reasons for your answers.
English women tried to poison their men with

cholesterol.
Everyone is still proud of the British empire.
Boarding school food is delicious.
All people who say English food is bad are right.
5
6
7
8
All lndians eat fish and chios.

The author likes hamburgers.
English people eat carp.
Britain grows lots of lentils and nuts.
. FOOD.
39
FOOD
I
I Complete the sentences with the appropriate word.

for happiness, he gave a
1 When asked for his _
very short but sensible answer: work and love.
a recerpt
b Drescription
c metapnor
d recioe
A good image is one of the most vital _
for
business success.
a
b
c
d
at the sight but I dared not speak.
thickened
fried
from his father helped rescue
the
stew
mrxrng
roasting
E(
it.
like that of hazelnuts. and
c
d
3H
17
flt
s are important in Indian food for their qualities
of life.
At the time, there was a lot of interest in both of us from
to the game.
4 tl
tn
scheme that is not going to work.
18
At 30, George will have the best part of his career still
ahead of him, decades that are sure to be filled with

ballads and funky dance numbers, for the
a^tt
L^t-^l
t ldil-udNEU
5tt
o
memofles.
me about what I knew.
grilling
stewing
rhubarb root, 9
6Tl
b
spun from the threads of the three characters, in their
resoective voices.
ll t
I U Cornptete the lollowing expressions with either
TI
ll
D
I
THY|\
BITTER (a) or S0UR (b).
19
to
the
20
the wine was
end
and fl
and sometimes alcohol or sugar. The taste is imparted by
22
23
flowers. and ouinine. Aroma
24
10_,
camomile, 12-,
dilu
and
to be
and other
26
the relationship was going
flavouring agents. Bitters are usualiy named according to
27
it is going to leave a
giving the predominant flavour, such
orange bitters and 14
about the way sb has been treated
taste
general suspicion continues to
was
flavot
pure;
10_
atmosphere
bitters. The
strength varies but is generally about 40
percent by volume
28
9_
easterly wind
25
chen
disappointment or experience
caraway, anise,
is provided by juniper,
8_
their marriaoe turned

a
<
such
pill to swallow
21
peel, gentian root,
8_
tale of love and marriage
This is a witty and
stirring
frying
substances such as
When I saw my childhood home, it brought back
readyto-serve
13_
man is a virtuoso of pop music.
self-raising
high-fibre
usingbitterherbs,|eaves,fruits,seeds,or7-
40
2Tl
You should try for yourself. Then you'd get the
Bitters are prepared according to secret recipes
15
will come again.
CLOVES
the
beating
_,
lt'
a
of the month, but our turn
Italian clubs, and that added
ll
I I Put the following w0rds in the right gaps.
INGREDIENT ROOTS HOP CINNAMON
ALCOHOLIC ORANGE NUTMEG PEACH
11
BITTER-SWEET (c)
16
We're simply not
Variety is the
simmered
She kept
a
b
c
d
(b)
FLAV0UR
Cot
as a digestive as well as their taste.
boiled
This is another
b
c
d
(a)
can be eaten raw or fried.
preservatrves
recrpes
He told us how a
^
d
SPICE
Thev have a delicate
his marriage.
a
b
c
d
I | One of the following words can always be used in

the sel of three sentences.
of
ingredients
examples
My blood
a
b
c
d
Itl
29
perhaps that
30
the argument became more
grapes
CJ5EI
the
water
amou
12nulm
marJo
FOOD
sed in
c)
3
llities
for the
6
Jv
herr
ther
JUICY
(a)
PEPPERY
(b)
SALTY (c)
16
taste
orescriotion
rectoe
version of
his
watered-down
slewed
dissolved
blended
He escaoed the
flat.
atmosohere of their crammed
And there it was, my souffl1 de moules au thym

citronne. the most oerfect creation. fractionallv
but cloud-like with mussels small and plump and juicy
tucked inside.
Out on the coast, where you'll be buffeted by _
sea breezes, there are panoramic views to savour at
every turn.
His vocabulary includes some quiie
language.
a
b
kitchen
17
unsaturated
nraqqt tro-cnnkor
cooking
Its comforting and

aroma has a warmino action
on the mind and body - helping to relax and ease
nervous tension and stress.
cresses and chives are thrown at the last
minute into a risotto with white wine and baby leeks.
According to Michael Jackson, an expert who knows
more about malt whisky than is good for him,
Glendibble has a _
character which explodes on
the palate and makes your temples steam.
| helped him once again - | should have let him

in his own juice.
baste
marinate
stew
bake
lt has brought the present crisis to
a
b
c
d
boiling point
freezing point
point of view
dew point
The police
a
b
c
d
18
him for hours.
simmered
grilled
scrambled
boiled
IT
| | Put the lollowing words in the right gaps.
THYME FOOD ROSEMARY GINGER ARTIFICIAL
VANILLA ALCOHOL CELERY LEMON
Flavourings are any of the liquid extracts, essences,
and flavours that are added to foods to enhance their taste
and aroma. Flavourings are prepared from essential oils,
from 7_;
from
8-byextraction;frommixturesofessentia|oi|s
such as almond and lemon;
and synthetic organic chemicals; or entirely from synthetic
chemicals. Water is added and sometimes certified

9__
colour as well. Extracts, essences, and
flavours employing only natural flavouring agents are called
reated
| | Orr ol the lollowing words can always be used in

the set of three senlences.
bet
This new proposal was just

earlier suggestion.
a
b
c
d
r still
'ith
lt's a stressful job, and unless you are very careful, it's
a sure _
for disaster.
a
b
c
d
;, and
s from
Complete the sentences with the appropriate word.
a
b
c
d
'turn
- AND MORE PRACTICE...
Of the remake of the 1982 French cult classic, Ihe

Return of Maftin Guerre. Gere savs: 'We wanted to
make something more emotional and
Think of hot sunshine,
oranges, tart limes, and
Aegean blue, and you have a perfect holiday.
But if you like _
Tuscan soups served just warm,
deep-fried artichokes and courgette flowers; flat, crisp
pizzas with melting cheese and herbs; and fish and
meats from the grill, this is definitely the place for you.
Ilt
I lf
19
lllusions of youth have turned
tongue.
22
as bitter as the
23
She tutted. She had a pleasant face but she

looked quite _
now
24
My grandparents were very
25
She'll go her own
26
The milk has gone
Oo tip
tooth
tf," nurr*n to keep
Try not let
28
Look at that kitten.
nutmeg, orange,
29
a sack of
30
He's a little sad but not
14-,
savoury basil, sweet

and wintergreen.
him
aftertaste of bad wine
27
15_,
on his
to have
flavourings.
Essential-oil extracts are prepared by dissolving an
essential oil in 11
of the proper strength, adding
water and, where desirable and permitted by law, a small
amount of certified food colour. They include almond, anise,
12_,
cassia or cinnamon, clove, 13_,
marjoram,
20
21
pure; those employing synthetics are called imitation or
10_
Complete the following expressions with either
SWEET (a) or SOUR (b).
them
to me.
way.
your day.
How
potatoes
. FOOD
41
1*
SHOPPING
What
What
STOP POURING YOUR MONEY DOWN THE DRAIN!

A linle extra money. That's what everybody wants,
right? Just a little extra cash to spend on a vacation
or a special something for the house. For most
people, however, just paying for the regular bills
and household shopping takes up every penny of
tinned goods, and pastas. But you can stock your

pantry for as little as half the price you would pay
their wages or salary. Well, take another look at those
The number one rule for anyone wishing to save

money is - never buy anything new, unless you
bills and receipts, and you'll see a hundred different

ways to save money, BIG MONEI just by being a
little bit more caref-ul in your household shopping.
For most people, the biggest drain on the household

budget is food. Just buying a little box of cereal or
in a large supermarket.
things
Discur
absolutely have to. Every day our society throws away
everything fiom clothes to household appliances

which ere perfectly usable, sirrply because somebody
wants the newest model or the latest fashion. Of
course! you don't have to go searching through the
dump. But you can find perf'ectly good clothes at
to
second-hand shops, tools and equipment at flea

markets, and appliances and furniture at charity
counter this is by fbrming a buying club and buying
organisations like the Salvation Army. At these places,
in bulk. Buying clubs are groups of people who get
you can not only get a good deal, but suppoft a good
together and buy directly fiom the large wholesalers
cause as well. You must always be careful
who sell food to such places as restaurants and

bakeries. These distributors only sell in very large
quantities, and most people don't need a hundred
pounds of rice. That's why people fbrm clubs, two
or three households which split up the goods
quality goods, and not
If you decide
between themselves. You can't get everything from
something new, there are still ways of saving money.
wholesaler - only non-perishable goods like grains.
Never buy anything until you have shopped around
some rice for the house can pump up your shopping
bill by an incredible amount. One of the ways
2*,
ls the
3*'
and w
to buy
just something that will break
down on you in a few weeks.
that you want to treat yourself and buy
and compared the prices a little. The end of the year,
when most shops hold clearance sales to make room
for the new year's models, is the best time to get a

great deal on new goods. Reject shops sell slightly
damaged goods which, except fbr minor impert'ections,
are
lltl
just like new except at almost half the price. For an
even better deal, ask the clerk
if
you can buy the
demonstration model. If it's been used, even only once.
it can't be sold as new at a new goods price. So throw

out all of those old bills, get out your newspapers, and
while you're looking for sales, take
look at the travel
section too. You'll soon have enough money for that

vacation you've been dreaming of.
I
I
What is the diflerence belween these places to shop?

What are each ol them best for?
What are some of their drawbacks?
I
I
t
I
I
t
supermarket
corner shop
street market
{!
second-hand shop
I
I
your
I pay
r'l
/What do you spend the most money on?
I
I
ls there any way you could spend less money on those

things?
Discuss ways to save money on the lollowing things:
SAVC
Find a word in the text for each of lhe following:

a constant outflow, withdrawal, or expenditure
the amount of money that you have to spend
an agent who supplies goods in bulk
the occupants of a house regarded as a unit
subject to speedy decay

a device or piece of equipment used for a specific
task
a place for depositing rubbish
an institution or organization for helping those in
need
shops with sub-standard goods
a slight fault or blemish
ood
i you
entertainment
Here are the answers t0 some questions about the text.

Try to guess what the questions were.
away
tnces
clothes
household appliances
Because they spend all of their money on bills and

household expenses.
:body
fu rn itu re
n. Of
;h the
res at
To bakeries and restaurants.
at
.f
neaO the text and decide on titles for each paragraph

and write them in the spaces provided.
No. it would be too much food.

Never buy anything new.
Because they get tired of them and want something
new.
t flea
You get a good deal and help a good cause.
lanty
To make room fbr the new models.

Because it has been used in demonstrations.
laces,
good
r buy
Going Shopping
break
shop assistant (GB)
in great demand
sales clerk i salesman,

saleswoman (US)
auctr0n
in short supply
early closing day
jumble sale (GB)
sold out
to take st back
attendant
car-boot sale (GB)
supply
garage sale (US)
to come across st
'
demand
shop (GB)
store (US)
cashier
junk shop
(shop)window
department store (Harrods,

Selfridges, Tesco C&A)
customer
second-hand shop
to dress a window
discount store
corner shop
s n
d buy
t0 ctOse
flea market
0pKeepe r
roney.
shopper
relect shop
window dresser
round
c0nsumer
factory shop
cou nter
village shop
row ol shelves
doon-froozo nnr rntor
chain store
trolley (GB) / cart (US)

(wire) basket
STOCKTAKING (GB)
TNVENTORY (US)
BACK IN A MOMENT
herd
irr Llt tn nlorco
rruru // diff
u!r,rvu,(
chnnninn
rrpr
/ nrpninnt
u,uu
/ y,uw,,,v(
catalogue shop
mail order
catalogue shopping
room
supermarKer
cardboard box
rgetO
hypermarket
string bag
tightly
superstore
to do some shopping
shopping list
to go window-shopping
cash-desk / till
queue (GB) line (US)
to shop lor si
a good shop for (e.g glass)
to be looking for st
to be trying to find st
io queue up lor (GB) /

stand in line (US) /
shopping centre
to have run out of st
clons,
For an
ry
the
line up (US)
shopping mall
to be out of st / out o{ stock
shop lifter
arcade
t0 sn0p ar0un0
pi
thLrow
marketplace
to chase around the shops
shop detective
's, and
casn ano carry
to call at
to purchase
market
it's hard to get
opening hours
market stall
it isn't available
once,
travel
lr that
covered market
ckpocket
Notices
LUNCH HOUR
CLOSING.DOWN SALE
SHUT FOR REPAIRS
THIEVES WILL BE
PROSECUTED
BEWARE OF PICKPOCKETS
business hours
to stay open
. SHOPPING .
43
SHOPS
1a
dialog
ta kin 1
relatio
..:
( eO9MEneE
-fi-.
2ro
o : -,,. ,l\-
.r-\-t.;-y.ttr,
your
lavourite shop?
What kind of things
do they sell there?
lf
travel agent's
basketbal
bottle of
I
wnat is
you could open
a shop, what kind ol

shop would it be?
fl
Malch the items

on the left to the
place where they can
wh isky
CD player
fresh cod
lrozen pizza
greeting cards
guide book
nammer
holiday
house
magazrne
?
I
Each place can only

be used once.
rolls
lpe
llsF 4l4l!
:-- *=
-==J
s5' ;5I-4 lE
:r _r-E:|
r:
.9'ry_
charar
''
.j-
::
the sti
or lals
chem ist's
hi-fi shop
tofu
f\
,
1tt L .L-
Tlrrffiizo=''l
Yctr[IDEs
furniture store
sporting goods store
steak
sweets
YY
booksto re
sandwich
sofa
ffin.-,nF
ti
ftf#vsrumn
i/
---'-.'l
1:
,ti;-"
newsagent's
rr0nm0nger s
D.l.Y. store
off-licence
su pe rmarket
SCTCWS
new boots
perfume
octrto enont'c
delicatessen (deli)
health food store
butcher's
ba ke r's
co nfectio ne r's
^Â{^^n
^h^^
JUdtuuu
Jilup
shoeshop
li rst
stati oner's
nails and
be lound on the right.
AT"
tobacco
lsl
|I
.,
st's
Iw.+qG
lrxe
I
II
II
fluc
barr
WnO
rol,
I '"''
!
I
I
,t
I
to
oric
iner
m0(
I
Il"
lP
I Pric
I
I
I tim
I too
I affo
exp
oea
Shops
gor
bookshop (GB)
Food
g
dairy
(US)
second-hand bookshop (GB)
r0ce r's
whole food store

g ree n g
/ booktore
health {ood shop
newsagent's
r0ce r's
milk-shop
milkman
confectioner's
sweetshop
confectionery
sweets
useO books (US)
news stand
ironmonger's (hardware)
milkround
candy slore (US)
electrical appliances, hi-f is, CD players, VCRs

g
fishmonger's: wet fish (GB)
recOr0 sn0p
seafood shop (US)
lassware
corner shops
Other shops
gift shop
D I Y (do-it-yoursel{) shop: tools appliances, materials
camera shop
sporting goods
optic ian's
dispensing chemist (GB)

drugstore (US)
f
lorist s
pharmacy (US)
puv
tca
oul
wal
In(tt
| (bar
|TU
lh
sports goods
II
I
to s
totr
':
I tnr
pc
lower-stand
. Topic-based Vocabulary
II lts
Itr
I ti
I'
toy shop
lewe iler's
II
cnrna snop
antr q ues
haberdasher's
oor
!__f
"
SHOPPING AROUND
I
,g
I ig=i
Dialogue
Listen to the following four
dialogues and decide where they are

taking place and what kind of
relationship the speakers have.
.r
/For
1-.-f,, \
Shoppers can get a better price at the hypermarkets because

they can buy goods in bulk.
Joe is a regular shopper who just buys odds and ends at the
Dialogue 2
the
O tre
I ttre
characters have, then say whether

the statements that lollow are true
i ,:'
store.
each of the four dialogues,
lirst describe the problem
{t!
or false.
speaker can't afford the product until the sale begins.
saleswoman offers to sell her the product even though

it immediately.
she doesn't have all of the money to pay for
Dialogue 3
TiEit
slE'FRUEi
TilW
O Stre paid
!q{5i
Dialogue 4
effi
G
i
!:-
Lee thinks she got a good deal on her computer.
O tire
shop doesn't usually have the model the customer is
looking for.
irf
ttre shop assistant
suggests mail order because she doesn't

want the customer to go to another shop in town.
Fpr
ffi
FL
Shopping Around
,9E94
fixed prices
r0 save m0ney 0n
0uality
Ha i rd resse r
fluctuating prices
to
quality goods
to
to
to
to
wholesale price
T:::l:l
retail price
to buy in bulk
+-r-tT,.
/(-,-:\-.
pricel ist
inexpensive
cheap
reasonable
moderate
expensrve
1{Ti
LY
dear but worth the
pilce
prces
money
nave
gone up / risen
gone down i Iallen
family budget
cut-price goods
imperlect goods /
rel ects
I can't
af
billlold
ld-
clearance sale
h4r^4in
^^^î^l
JpsUrdr
udr!ldil
big spender
extravaga nt
biil (us)
thri{ty
(US)
(small) change
(bank) note (GB)
factory
closing-down sale
ord it.
purse (GB)
wallet (GB)
summer / winter sale

the January sales
fashioned)
-J
price
seconds
meahs. (o
Red ucti ons
to get a discount
to sell at a reduced
affo rdab
{i/^r
^^^l^
ilrJ(-t ^l^^^
tdJJ guuu)
bV credit card
put it on the plastic (coll.)
to leave a deposit
to lease /
rent-to-own (US)
monthly instalments
to be broke
to be able to afford st
Payments
It s beyond mv
pay
I n casn
0y cneque
bargarn
';--=
;)$
more money for a better warranty.
mean with money
(G
B)/
to short-change
tightwad (US)
to oo on a shoooino /
to take in / cheat
to rip sb off
spendrnq spree
shop till you drop
ri
poff
0ran0-new
used
shop-soi led
Trade, advertising
have an appointment foreign trade

have one's hair done home trade (GB) /
domestic trade (US)
have a trim
exports'imports
shampoo
slightly damaged
hairdo
permanent wave(s) /
demonstration model
display item
curlers
uaran teed
perm
to export or import
^^^t^
-^^,,{^^r,,.^.1
ilrdilurdl,tu,r
uu vuuuJ
0r ra\/V mateIals
to do business with sb
competition
styling rods
trade fair
inferior goods
hairclip
laulty goods
to take st back
hairpin
lacquer / hair spray
hairdryer
blow dry
exhibition ground
to exhibit
an exhibit
on display
to ask lor a reiund
on show
to dye
consumer rights
to get your money back to bleach or tint one's hair on the stand
advertisement
highlights
to be oflered credit
rece i pt
Packaging
wrapper
economy size
tin (GB) / can (US)
jar
bottled
'
draught beer
canneO oeer
{oam packing
packet of biscuits
box of chocolates
crate of drinks
case of wine
shrink-wrapped /
vacuum pacKeo
carton of milk
co m merc ia
colour rinse
00ne
iscel laneous
beauty parlour
M
shoemaker
heel bar (GB)

laundry launderette
0ry-cteaner
(radio TV, cycle etc.)
reparr sn0p
"While-U-Wait"
ad
billboaid (US)
to have one's nails
sales gimmicks
hoardinq (GB) /
man icu re
advert
to advertise
crew cut
nail polish
cobbler
oste rs
irresistible
lolder
leaflet / llyer
handout
fly-posters.
sky
a0venrsrng
to do st on the fly
to do st on the sly
promotional gifts
sp0ns0rsnrp
. SHOPPING.
45
SHOPPING PRACTICE MAKES PERFECT

T
The lollowing expressions have been jumbled. Put them back into the right places in lhe sentences below.
I rn'
MONOLITHIC JUMBLE HYPERMARKET SALE CHAINS SUPERMARKET

HYPERMARKET TROLLEY STREET WHOLESALE MARKET PRICES
Mass distribution has changed all that. Today, the approach to a French country town is all too often dominated by
a
with an immense car park, while many of the smaller stores have closed down.
The existing law limiting the expansion ol
2-3
has not been effective.
Dear Father Simon, forgive me, I have sinned. lt was twenty years ago when I was chorister and our parish church
to raise funds for the church soire.
had a coffee morning and

One woman, pushing a
huge
full of clothes, yelled: 'Nobody's stopping me. lt's free.'
A decree issued by the Soviet President, Mikhail Gorbachev, allowed companies to set their own
_
5
for the next year.

Don't miss the chance to pick up a bargain in our bustling
TI
I
Open daily from
11
g_
store in 1849. The 9
tl
Fill in the missing words.
IT
Harrods, Ltd., in London, the famous 7

8
covered_ _!
e_
d_
Fi
store was founded by a miller, Henry Charles Harrod, as a
expanded in the late 1800s, and many new departments were added. lt is
old{as
considered the United Kingdom's best department '10 s_.

Although the store still provides 11
g_
food items, its current emphasis is on high-fashion clothing.
Over the years, Harrods made innovations in many areas of store operation. In 1884, 12
at convenient points to take 13
c_
payments; most large 14
to move customers' money and change between 15

store allowed limited 17
c_
c_
r_
c_
desks were placed
were using mechanical devices or runners
and a central 16
c_
SCannr
packal
from tl
station. The following year the

invent,
to approved customers"
below
TTT
II
rtem n
Match the words on the left with the goods on the right. Use each word once only.
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
lV
b
c
d
e
f
(t
the incorrect word in the following phrases.
"n"ngel'll take it. Could

25
26
27
28
29
30
46
a can / tin of
a bar of
a roll of
a pack of
a box of
a packet of
a string of
you sort it up, please?

Try it without destination, just on trial.
ls anyone tending you?
Just staring, thanks.
We have gone out of that item.
l'll let it up to you.
chocolates
film / toilet paper
lll
cards / cigarettes (US)

soup / cigarettes / razor blades
pearls
beer / fish
soap / chocolate
SHOPPING
T
The following expressions have been jumbled. Pul them back into the right places in the sentences below.
DISCOUNT MALLS PRICES SHOPPING SMALL MAIL SHOPS SALE
ORDER PRICE RETAIL CLEARANCE

Hypermarket distributors face tough competition from specialised chain stores which can match their
:ed by
2-3
Inspired by the
prices that
lnurcn
huge
the United States, the French hypermarket not only offers cut-rate
_of
_cannot match, but also cheap restaurants, clowns, pony rides and cinemas -
everything one might need to enjoy a weekend.

Passengers will be able to make phone calls, receive faxes and phone messages, shop by
and even play computer games.

The
monthly
_index
is a lagging indicator of inflation, as well as an imperfect one.
is a sale in which the goods in a shop are sold at reduced prices, because the
shopkeeper wants to get rid of them quickly or because the shop is closing down.
TI
I I Fill in the missing words.
Computer technology has had a significant impact on retail stores. All but the smallest shops have replaced the
It is
old-fashioned cash
c_
with a terminal linked to a computer system. The terminal may require that the 8
type in the code for the 9
i_;
ng.
scanner, a device that directly reads into the computer the universal
taceo
package. The cash-register
nners
12
inventory immediately. The 14
i_
p_
r_
m_
w_.
Match the words on the left with the goods on the right. Use each word once only.
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
lV
when the supply of some item drops
chains linked by networks, the order for a new supply of an
item may be automatically generated and sent electronically to the supply 17
II
(UPC) printed on each
information is also relayed back to the computer to adjust the
system can easily alert the 15
below a specified threshold. In the case of 16
Ilr
counter includes a bar-code
can then include brief descriptions of the items purchased (by fetching them
from the computer database), and the 13
)ar the
c_
product 11 c_
but more and more frequently the 10
a tube of
Jam
a bunch of
a jar of
a pad of
a loaf of
a carton of
a bottle of
wine / milk I beer /whisky

bread
writing paper
flowers / bananas / grapes
milk / fruit juice
toothpaste
c
d
e
Change the incorrect word in the following phrases.

25
26
27
28
29
30
Have you got a tie to snatch?

Does the display price conclude VAT?
Would you like to pretend the guarantee?
Are you being listened to?
What taste do you take?
Could I have a cook at that one?
. SHOPPING.
47
CLOTHES
I
I
Look at the vocabulary in

the box below and try to sort
it out according to the season
and occasion on which these
pieces of clothing are worn.
Make lists under the
suggested headings:
Clothes
kn itwear
Ladies'Wear
Men's Wear
underwear
pyjamas (GB)
lingerie
vest (GB) / singlet (GB)

tank top
underpants i pants (G B)
boxer shorts
long johns
kn ickerbockers
pajamas (US)
niqht-dress(GB) /
bra
nightgown (US)
KNEE SOCKS
jersey
jumpe_r
puflover (GB)
sweater (US) /
brassiere
shirt
T-sh i rt
sweatsh irt
slacks / trousers (GB) / pants (US)

dressino oown (GB) /
housetdat (US) /'natnrobe (US)
petticoat / halt-slip (US)

stockings
srrsnender ww,r
hclt // narter
\belt
yu,rv,
tights (GB) 7 pantyhose (US)
0r0use
twinset
coat
separates. suit
trench coat
winter coat
cu
ove rc oat
fur coat
raincoat
anorak
parka
panties (US)
slip
cardigan
48
knickers (GB)
I nac I mackintosh
lotte s
leggings
evenrng dress
strapless dress
ball gown
v
/
undershirt (US)
0tazer
j
ac ket
sports
Norfolk
leather
dinnet (GB) / tuxedo (US)

sm0Krng
waistcoat (GB) / vest (US)

lounge suit (GB) i business suit (US)
evenrng fr0users
morning suit
bow tie and tails / whlte tie and tails
[,
f"l: I
\-r
il
fl'
H
,l
1/'
Describe
what
one person is wearing. Your
Z
partner should find that picture. ls anybody
wearing anything that you have not found in the
list on the preceding page?
af
When using adjectives pay special attention to their

arder - see the following page.
. CLOTHES.
MATERIALS, COLOURS, AND PATTERNS

I
wnen using adjectives to describe things, be careul to pay speciaI attention

to the sequence the adjectives have to go in. Take a look at the table below. As
a ruIe, yout opinion comes irst.
Your Opinion Size / Fit
Age Colour
Pattern
tight
casual
new crimson
semi-casual baggy
old maroon
loose
tan
formal
light
lime-green
elegant
amber
beautiful lightweight
fawn
comfortable strong
thick
turquoise
tacky
purple
thin
trendy
mauve
stylish heavy-duty
old-fashioned
heavy
aqua(marine)
faded
gaudy
second-hand
worn-out
shabby
Origin
plain
Italian
striped
French
Spanish
Taiwanese
chequered
tartan
Amerrcan
Indian
batik
tie-dyed
Japanese
floral
polka-dot
speckled
pai sley
English
Chinese
Mexican
argyle
herringbone
zig-zag
|*nu,ae the patterns below
Material
Style
silk
corduroy
cord
velvet
flannel
V-neck
crewneck
denim
satin
brocade
lace
wool
polyester
suede
poloneck
turtleneck
cowlneck /
hooded
fu11
pleated
knee-/ca1f-/fulllength
single-breasted
double-breasted
leather
fur
long-sleeved
short-sleeved
caIled?
atll
aora
alla
all.
rrTvVvr
.LL---.-.,-,
7VV'7V\
--- -^- -----.--.
rvvvlzr
.f.'.--.--.-i
rvvv'7\
^4. ,^. .-.-a- -^.
7a7V !Z'V\
^!-.....^-.^^
2 Match the names o the ol|owing materials
IJ
With the coresponding ends o sentences.
Polyestet
(a) is the matera| jeans are made rom.
Leather
(b) underwear is very sexy.
Denim
(c) pyjamas are my avourite because they are So Wam and comortab|e.
Flannel
(d) is a synthetic fibre and doesn't let your skin breathe.
Silk and lace
(e) is a very controversial issue these days.
Wool
() needs to be oiIed periodica||y.
Fur
(g) is warm and uzzy but cannot be washed in the usua| househo|d Washing machine.
50
'
DESCRIBING CLOTHES
I
I
Name these types of collars and necks using the words lrom the box below.
-r-ffi\
k
ck
^1.
eN
,ck
.t
/
Name these types of trousers and skirts using the words from the box below.
:k/
ed
d
-/fullrh
asted
:asted
:ved
;ved
t
I
t
lt
Describing Clothes
Neck
V-neck
Skirt
wide armholes
full
cuffs
r0un0 necK
square neck
crew neck
polo neck (GB)
neck (US)
miniskirt
knee- / calf- / full-length
kitt
cowt necK
hooded neck
shawl neck
Collar
se pa
col
rate
lar stud
button-d own
turtte
eated
slit/withaslit
Suit
s
ng I e-b reasted
double-breasted
turnups
3-piece
S
eeves
Eto n
rolled up
turn-up
raglan
overalls (US)
Trousers
slacks
j
'bib and braces" /
pants (US)
M iscel
Ianeous
handkerchief
sto ne-wasned
scarf
faded
patched
tunic
dungarees (GB)
hankie
TISSUES
eans
torn
ragged
stretch
cut-of{s
shorts
f lares / bell-bottoms
drainpipes
bodysu it
f
overshirt
lly lined
loose fit(ting)
e
asti cated
tnilctrioc // nprcnnrl
nrro
Pwr uvr rur vur v
p
rod ucts
. CLOTHES.
51
FOOTWEAR
I
I
1'
Which part ol the shoe do the
words go with?
c0rIt
heel
toe
s0le
strap
buckle
lace
/'l
Look at the dillerent kinds of

lootwear. Match the names and the
pictures.
0n what occasions do you wear
them? Talk aboul them using some

of the adjectives in the vocahulary
box below.
trainers
hiking boots
sti lettos
l0
loafers
sandal s
11
clogs
t2
13
Footwear
t4
court shoes
hiking boots
nrtont
lorthpr chnpc
u,,uwu
vqrw,rLlvur,,w,
san0ars
to fasten
slippers
moccasins
tie (US)
to undo / untie
to try 0n
to be a size too big ' too small
to put shoe polish on
to clean
to polish / shine
to brusfi
to slip on / put on
to slip off / take off
to change
sn0eraces
pumps
0
r0g ues
lace-up shoes
slip-ons
bo ots
Wellington boots
gumboots
gal 0snes
sneakers (US)/ plimsolls (GB)

/ trainers (GB) / tennis
shoes / running shoes
gyms
oes
ski-boots
52
/ do up your shoes (GB) /
to wear down / out

to wear through
tofix/mend lrepau
t0 s0le
to
I
2'
heel
oafers
verbs
clogs
walking shoes
sports shoes
stilettos / high heels
high-heeled
lat / low-heeled
pointed
fashionable
p
)
l:
latfo rm
ill-fitting'
comforiable
tight
tn
suede
g(
strong
/ thick /
heavy-duty
DRESSING AND UNDRESSING

I
I
Fill in the gaps in the lollowing sentences using the verbs on the right in the
correct lorm.
She went into the bathroom, turned on the water in the shower and
then
Mark always brushes his teeth and eats breakfast before

in the morning.
She quickly
I thought the
shoes were actually the right size, but when

them
I realised they were
as the Queen.
6 This dress used to
Whenever
me, but
now I've put on so
off her muddy boots
to roll up
to let out
get to the office,

rny tie and
my coat,
my sleeves.
I bought this great dress at the second-hand shop, but it's too loose
and too long - it needs
and
some warTn
and
slippers.
to take in
to get dressed
to suit
to dress
to take up
10 When he comes home

school uniform and
from school. John
his
normal clothes.
l1 That orange sweater really
13
How tacky! That girl's outfit
t4
These jeans don't
to dress up
to clash
with this red skirt.
t2 I don't think that make-up really
l
l
to try on
to grow out of
much weight that it really needs
to change into
to fit
5 Last Halloween I
She took
to put on
to change out of
the child.
too tight.
match
to take off
(e)
to
you.
to get undressed
undress
to loosen
her boyfriend's.
fit me any more. I've
them.
at
SuV what usually happens in the following situations. Use as many of the
verbs from the above exercise as
possible.
at the tailor,s / dressmaker,s

after putting on weight
in a clothes shoo
choosing and buying new clothes
in the morning
getting ready for school or work
at the tailor's / dressmaker's

after losing weight
. CLOTHES
"
SPORTSWEAR AND WORKING CLOTHES

I
I igi
You are going
to
When she was younger, the speaker never thought of herself as very
beautiful.
She got her first job modelling because her uncle was the calrleraman
on the photo shoot.
She says that the pressure to keep thin is so high that it pushes some
models to do dangerous things to keep their weight down.
She says that keeping thin is hard work but she does it because it's all
part of the job.
hear
a lashion model's answers in an

interview. Before you lislen, read the
statements on lhe right and mark
them true 0r false, according to your
expeclations.
Can you work out what questions the
She likes doing photo shoots in exotic locations because she gets to
see some interesting places.
interviewer asked het?

Then listen and check your answers.
She prefers fashion shows to photo shoots.
She loves the feeling of finishing a show without anything going
wrong.
She finds fashion shows very stressful but she likes doing them
anyway.
rl
/Malchthe clothes in the columns

below to the people in the pictures
on the right.
(Where necessary, use other
expressions for ladies' wear):
a hike on
a cold day
going on
lEx
linger
tights
a dres
a spor
an ov(
a sing
boxen
a juml
braces
a chai
studs
a bow
a suitr
a T-st
a broc
glover
shorts
atiea
a shor
a dinn
a wris
baseball cap
silk shirt
trench coat
jeans
winter coat
argyle socks
thick wool socks
hiking boots
T-sh i rt
long johns
boxer shorts
paisley tie
cap and gloves
using
as yol
corduroy trousers
sports iacket
jumper
un0erwear
sweatsh irt
leather loafers
ng to the
office
ndersh i rt
2*,
recall
WI
30"
An ek
relaxing at home
A divi
sweatpants
Sportswear and Working Clothes

(running tennis, etc.) shorts
jumpsuit
oilskins
swimsuit
bikini
bathing cap
tracksu it
sweatsuit
coul
wate rp roof s
garters
qefptv hnntq
wetsuit
/ shell suit
sa{ety helmet
goggles
head band
eotard
anorak / parka
down jacket
ski su it
ski jacket
face mask
ski pants
hooded jacket
ski gloves
camouf lage jacket
swimming trunks
one-piece / two-pig6g balhing suit
rain jacket
padded tackei
cagoule (GB)
pads
apr0n
costu me
. Topic-based Vocabulary'
hair net
camo
wristban ds
ockstrap
sixtr
tlAc
II
I
g,P
nar
I
I
I
II
I
I
I
I
II
I
strar
woo
scar
kerc
veil
ever
orec
Prec
strir
^ri^
urli
ACCESSORIES AND JEWELLERY

I
I
0me
t's all
sto
on
iay
Explain the differences between the following:
lingerie and underwear

tights and leggings
a dressing gown and a night-dress
a sports jacket and a ski jacket
an overcoat and a raincoat
a single-breasted suit and a double-breasted suit
boxers and underpants
a jumper and a sweatshirt
braces and a garter belt
a chain, a pendant, and a necklace
studs and drop earrings
a bowler hat and a top hat
a suitcase and a briefcase
a T-shirt and a tank-top
a brooch and a bracelet
gloves and mittens
shorts and culottes
a tie and a bow tie
a shoulder bag and a handbag
a dinner jacket and a smoking jacket
a wristwatch and a dress watch
/FI
f Now, cover this side of the page and try to

recall all the items pictured.
at
Describe what these people could be wearing,

using as many expressions from this chapter
as you can remember.
.!
A couple going skiing
A college student going to the beach on
An electrician
a hot day
A woman going to the opera
A diving instructor
An old woman working in the garden on
A sixteen-year-old girl going to the disco
chilly
autun-m aftemoon
Accessories and Jewellery

cap
clasp
hat
ring
cuffl i nks
braces (GB)
straw hat
tiep in
KNEESOCKS
woolly hat
costume lewellery
handbag (GB) / purse
scarf
(US)
kerch i ef
umbrella
veil
foldaway umbrella
wristwatch (men) / ladies watch
evenrng bag
suspenders (US)
i shades
cigarette lighter / case

walking stick / cane
pocket watch
precious metals
precious stones
sunglasses
gems
be
lt
string(s) of pearls
bu
ckle
clip earrings
ve
cro
. CLOTHES.
55
CLOTHES MAKE THE MAN
The Jacket
ich clever student first nicknamed our Enslish teacher
is lost in the myths and legends of a school full of stories,
but he made it meet all the reouirements of a
good nickname: it was a joke without malice, a keen
observation, and a nod of respect to a man about whom
we understood little, except that he knew how to be
alone, which is the deepest of mysteries to
most teenagers.
6*'
your
This is a story in which one piece
of clothing tells us a lot about one

man. Read it first and then look at
the tasks below.
't
Do yo
and a person.
When
old
or more, and both garment

and wearer seemed made of
2
3
4
prickly, coarse wool, tightly

woven and hung into a form
that recognised neither time
nor fashion. It had lost all
shape long ago, which was
just as well, because so had
5
6
elbows and cuffs shone a

story of long hours at desks,
7
8
and
observant might notice a dark,

oily stain on the right forearm,
the mark of an ancient shotgun
long,
nastiness. nasty intentions.
Howc
How
7ô
with
sharp, intelligent
piece of clothing
completely without hair, or
TL t995
completely finished, used

up to the point that it has
no more power
2
3
4
5
F
\,1.',
\6
It
'\
moved gently
Does the writer like his
(
ir
English teacher?
tc
Is it easy to get to know the

English teacher personally?
II
Is the English teacher well-
+-
-built?
Do you think he is, clr has
tr
t(
{.
ta
tc
Ir
h
t.
Does he smile a lot?
Write a similar paragraph that
starts:
lf one piece of clothing told me

everything about him/her, it was
his/her......
"
\ \
stress, tightness
been. married?
For those
brave
enough to get close to him or lucky enough, since he was
a true and affectionate fiiend the jacket smelt of dog and handrolled cigarettes, of an absence of a
raincoat, of spent gunpowder, and of a
sweat that had nothing to do with dirt. The jacket was, or had been, a
mixture of dark, muddy brown and stormy sunset red, which matched
his windburnt face perfectly. And it used to smile with him, fbr when
his face relaxed and his eyes lit up, his shoulders too would lose their
usual tension and drop fbr a moment, so man and jacket would greet
you, as honest as a scrap of wool stirred by the breeze on a thorn-bush.
very old
Answer the following questions.
thoushtfbl walks.
Have,
woven
without clothes
he. Nearly-naked suede at the
56
Doyor
meaning to hurt
the same stuff:roughly spun,
slung there for
coarse
affectionate prickly naked

ar
.l Find a word that means:
least as old as he was, 40 years
/Frcm the following list, choose

three words or phrases that can be
used to describe both a kind ol cloth
roughly spun
jacket spoke for him. It was at
while the curious
Howf;
How
We used to call him "The
Jacket", because no matter what

else he wore, his tweed sports
vocabr
LC
tr
t(
c
/F
(l
prece
neaO the lollowing questions and say a lew words to

your partner about each of them. Use the words lrom lhe
vocabulary section at lhe boltom of the page.
@ Washing instruclions.
Using some of the words bel0w, describe what the
lollowing symbols rnean. Explain all the other

expressions.
ut one
look at
How fashion-conscious
are you?
,**l
{*J
n
v@t
4nol
\\-t4t/'l
httl | //\ \ \\4+t!-/
l.
./
\
I rY
I
Talk about your own clothes.
How do you choose your own clothes?

;hoose
can be
rl cloth
Do you read fashion magazines?

Do you buy clothes for yourself only or for other people too?
Where do you buy your clothes?

Have you ever fried making your own clothes?
n
lukewarm
How do you take care of them?

How
abor-rt
to tumble-dry
clothes repairs and alterations?
aked
ns:
rtions,
a How are the following things and machines connected

f
you
wilh clothes? Can
to rinse
to hang out the laundry

washing
to starch
to drip-dry
to dry-clean
to line-dry
to bleach
to shrink
colourfast
preshrunk
to wash separately
to stretch
to crease x be
to iron
think ol any others?
rair, or
,[,
crease-resistant
(D
used
it
to hand wash x machine

wash
has
*ow g0 through the above expressions once more

saying which material or part of clothing they are
typically connected with.
;tions.
Clothes Make the Man

Fash
<e his
rw the
,naltry?
r
well-
or has
in
to
to
to
Making and mending

vital statistics
ns
vogue
fashionable
come into / g0 out of vogue
be "in" be "out"
{ashion
"
follow fashion
to be fashion-conscious
fashion designer
fashion show
ild me
it was
hand-me-downs
to hem
to sew
sewing machine
m00ei
needle and thread
to do modelling
thimble
to work to a pattern
to cut out (a garment)
badly " welltailored
to stitch * unstitch
to drop a stitch
take up or let down (a hemline)
to take in or iet out (waists)
to alter
to wear thin / down / out
haute couture
couturier / dressmaker
tailor-made " ofi-the-peg (GB)/ rack (US)
designer clothing
rh that
lape measu re
recycling centre
rren0y
to buy second-hand
charity shops i thritt shops
to darn socks
to patch the elbows
t0 rr0n
to do the washing
washing machine
to dry
to tumble-dry
tumble-dryer
Needlework
embroidery
to embroider
to crochet
n00K
to knit
knitting needles
knitting machine
knitting pattern
to make lace
. CLOTHES.
57
CLOTHES
T

I Cot
Complete the following sentences containing idioms with the names of colours.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
TT
He claimed he had seen the agreement in
They have been given

| always feel
the
and
_.
light to start the new project.
when it's cloudy and rainy.
lt's much better for you to be in the

The police caught him
_-
than to be in
the
having lots of debts to pay back.
Bankers, lawyers, doctors, teachers and people who work in offices are called
_-collar
workers.
The Parkers finally sold their old car. lt was so huge and cost so much to run and maintain that it became
a_
elephant for them.
| don't often get a chance to see my friend. He lives so far away
Whenever you say that phrase I see
_.
I only see him once in a
I
9
moon.
10
I get so angry!
They were all jealous of him. He got so much money, much more than anyone else, they were
with envy.
Read the following text and put the expressions into the gaps.
METAL
handed.
II
R,
DESI(
NEEDLES WEAVING STITCHING CLOTHES MAKING SEWING MACHINE CLOTHING
The contemporary system of industrialized clothing production did not exist before the mid-19th century.
Although impoftant advances in the mechanization of spinning and
centuries,
12_
11_
had taken place during the previous
continued to be a hand skill. Except for the introduction of
13_
technology was successfully utilized until lsaac M. Singer designed a treadle-powered

machines were used only for straight-seam
15_,
in the Middle Ages, no new
14_
in 1851. At first his
and all other work continued to be pedormed by hand.
Gradually other machines were introduced. By the end of the 19th century the basic conditions and technologies for
the creation of a giant
16_
numbe
much
the 12
the ed
growin
15_
about
industry were present.
16_
TTT
| | | Match the adjectives with the two nouns - CLOTHES (a) and SHOES (b).
17
crumpled
lV
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
58
18
torn
19
ballet
20
second-hand
21 platform
22 courl
Match the foltowing clich6s and proverbs with their definitions.
lll'
17 bar
IV
to pull the wool over someone's eyes
crazy
23
to keep st under one's hat
to deceive someone
24
immediate action prevents a bigger problem later
with a comlortable, giving texture
it's better to work until you die than to be idle just because
you are old
to cast pearls before swine

lt's better to wear out than to rust out.
A stitch in time saves nine.
as soft as velvet
as tough as (shoe) leather
as mad as a hatter
25
26
27
strong, able to endure a lot of hardship
28
to waste something good on someone who does not care

about it
29
to keeo st secret
30
CLOTHES
Complete the following sentences containing idioms with the names of colours.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
acK.
rs.
| got this splendid idea to write a letter to her.

Suddenly, out of the _
Why do you think _
humour is so popular?
The truth sometimes hurts, but a _
lie never hurt anybody.
Her vegetable garden and her flowers always look great - she has
Tom's really got brains, he is a guy with a lot of
matter.
8
9
10
ll
-collar workers in the factory went on strike.

_
When he got the letter asking for a large sum of money and threatening him to make his love affair public, he
knew he was being _mailed.
lf you want a better price, you have to buy your cigarettes on the _
market.
All the
)ecame
_ moon.
fingers.
You would have hoped not to have to deal with so much
She is an incurable optimist and sees the whole world through
tape when applying for that job.
_-coloured
glasses.
n""O the following text and put the expressions into the gaps.
DESIGNERS HAUTE COUTURE CLOTHING
DRESSMAKERS READY-TO-WEAR FASHIONS
.HING
Germany produces about one-quarter of the total clothing output in Western Europe. ltaly still maintains large
numbers of tailors and
US
) new
t his
and its ready-to-wear industry is large
11
second only to Germany's
and
much of its production is sold outside the country. In France, the couturier houses continue to set trends, but most of
sold is ready-to-wear. In 1970, the French government built a large glass exhibition hall on
the 12
the edge of Paris, the Salon du Pret-a-Porler(meaning ready{o-carry or 13
growing industry of ready{o-wear clothing. The elegant 14

; for
) to accommodate the
house is giving way to the work of
whose output is sold to boutiques and department stores and purchased by women who care
15
about clothes of designer quality, even if they have neither the time nor the money to buy couturier
16
lll *","n the adjectives with the two nouns - TROUSERS (a) and SKIRT (b).
17 baggy
lV
oleated
19
flared
20
full
21 tioht
22 slit
Match the following clich6s and proverbs with their definitions.

A wolf in sheep's clothing.
conceited
24
All that glitters is not gold.
a dangerous person pretending to be harmless
25
You can't make a silk purse of a sow's ear.
to be dressed in a jacket or sports jacket and tie (for men)
from poverty to wealth
26
Tied to one's mother's apron strings.
an informal (rude) way of telling someone to shut up
27
put a sock in it
overly dependent on one's mother
28
too big for his boots
29
from rags to riches
a warning: although something is attractive, it needn't be

genuine or valuable
30
to wear coat and tie
23
t care
18
You cannot make someone more refined than he or she

is by nature.
. CLOTHES .
59
& LEISURE
WORK
1oo
at hol
you el
DAILY ROUTINE AND HOBBIES
out wi
What
I
I
1.1
/Who
The daily routine for weekdays and weekends is often very different. 0r
is it? Using the pictures below, describe the similarities and diflerences.
nlwiiirul
.r".!"i
\G,
does the housework in your

lamily? Do you share it having a rota
for the chores?
liti
liti
I jl T
<-
&
e@'
*
{a
-t4l)Yl
S,',,
xfr$n
',ffi
'Y".lr
':v.:)
t,:'
ffi
[]
",?
l'.- -' ,^, -Jh
U
E
r'-'i{\
ffi
--L
' i=-,!
it,o.a'. ,>-'
+d'
t'fr
i\'
--r...-D-'-
t;
10,
world,
p00r p
does
Daily Routine and Hobbies

'
Sleeping and waking

ln the evening
at night
to get to bed early
to stay up late
to work all night
to get tired / drowsy
to get undressed
to get into bed
All in a day's work
I0 Oversleep
to walk to work
to walk the dog
to catch miss (e.9. a train)
to get to work on time be late
In the morning
the alarm goes off
sleepy
to set the alarm for 6 o'ciock
to read yoursell to sleep

to drop straight off
to doze off i nod of{
light sleep deep sleep
tn hp qnrrnd rclpon / frci
'
asleep
to sleep like a log

to lie awake
insomnia / insomniac
sleeping pill
to count sneep
bad dream
to be an early late riser

tn clpon lrto
cloon in
,urv // urvvy
rrl
nightmare
to hear the alarm

to jump crawl out of bed
'
to renovate fix up
'
"
for work
timetable
totakeashower,abath
tea
to clean / brush ones teeth

to gargle / use mouthwash
to have st on
a busy " slack day
barefoot(ed)
to be rushed olf one's feet
wearing slippers
schedule
safety razor
disposable razor
electric razor
shaving cream
aftershave
hair gel
to put on one's make-up
to clean one's shoes
he's good with his hands

nan0yman
do it yourself (D.l.Y)
co llector
to collect
C0ins
coffee break
a day ofl
Parts of the day

in the morning
to shave
at noon / midday
in the (early late) afternoon
"
in the evening
at night
at bedtlme
night shift
he's working nights
autographs
postcards
antiques
g lass
china
sports cards
beer cans
specimen
I:H
examp le
'
" valuable
pri0eless
sentimental value
rare x unique
Hobbies
genuine
to sleepwalk
to take painkillers
to talk in one's sleep
to take one's mind off work

to keep onesel{ occupieci
forgery
to wake with a start
home
bleary-eyed
'
car maintenance
lil,l
precious
at bediime
"
l;*
dolls
to have a hangover
wide awake
IG
toys
to snore
"
do up old
stamps
to do one's exercises
machi nes
to commute
'
counterfeit
phoney (US)
to exchange
swap
/ fake /
l!*
Ld:
THE SOCIAL WHIRL
I
I
I
I
I
al
Do you prefer t0 spend your evenings and free time
/You
are throwing a party. In small groups discuss
the details (lood/drinks, place, time, clothing,
at home, 0r d0 you preler t0 socialise? How often do

you entertain friends at home, 0r d0 you prefer to go
out with them?
invitations, etc.).
Now phone your lriend to invite him/her. Be ready to
answer a lot ol questions.
What was the last party you went t0 like?

n y0ur
a r0ta
The Social Whirl
b-
s)
$r
to relax and do nothing
hen party (GB)
to take in a night club
to gossip with friends on the phone

to attend evening classes
to take dancing / music lessons
to go out for the evening
bridal shower (US)
ballroom dancing
dinner dance
to have visitors
housewarming party
dinner party
to drop in on sb
to pop in for a drink
to go out for a drink
cocktail party
to go down the pub
baby shower (US)

bachelor party
big noisy
c0unrry Oancrng
square 0ancrng
party
to have a special treat

to go jogging
to walk in the forest
boozer (GB)
to get out of town
GAMES OF CHANCE
F*
|-
ft
/
I
I
Er-
tr
Haue you ever tried playing any of these? Which ol

them do people spend most m0ney on? Why is it so easy
for some people to get hooked on them?
Gambling is a favourite pastime all over the

world, and possibly the only hope of big money l0r many
poor people. lt is also a dangerous addiction. Where
does one draw the line? Discuss.
.,
)Old
't
I
I
I
I
I
I
t
a
a
a
!
I
t
Games of Chance
a
t
t
I
I
I
It
rke/
places
Games
People
gambling
hpttinn nn thp hnrcpc d-09s,
0eater
casrn0
etc.
poker
amusement arcade
pontoon
blackjack
---
betting shop
Equ i pment
f
ru
it
mach ine
(Russian) rou lette
slot machine
II
chemin-de-fer
dle / dice
Miscellaneous
to play f or money
I
a
I
I
c
I
raps
otte ry
football pools
lackpot
to do the pools
tn nnmo rrn nn tho nnnlc
to know the odds

to get into debt
to play to a limit
to cover bets
to lose one's shirt

to hustle
to cheat
DANK
to break the bank
. WORK & LEISURE .
61
JOBS
I
I
at
.l
Look at the drawings ol people. What do you think

they do lor a living?
Wtrich of them are blue-collar workers and which

are white-collar workers?
/'l
Which of their jobs is, in your view, the best and

which is worst? Give reasons.
Whal is the place where they work called? Think of

the advantages and disadvantages of various jobs.
N.B. Specific job
occupation lists can be found under the relevant
subject headings, i.e. look for 'glazter' under 'Home', 'surgeln'

under'Health', etc.
12
11
LOOKING FOR A JOB

I
rilf
out the job application below.
JOB APPLICATION
which
Personal Information
st and
Surname:
Title:
First name(s):____
Date of birth:
Address:___
SSN:
Telephone number:
Sex: Male / Female
retevant
iurge0n'
Name and address of school
Period of study
Qualification
Degree received
2.
-'t .
Name and address of emolover
Period of employment
Descriotion of vour duties
and reasons for leaving
l.
2
a
-')
4,
Citizenship status:
Languages:
References:
Do you hold any positions in any organisations or clubs?
Have you committed any crimes within the last five years?
B
How did you hear about this job?
Write a short description of yourself, including any special skills and qualities you have which might
prove useful in this position, and explain why you want to work for us.
. WORK & LEISURE .
63
t
f Look at the o||owing J0BS
u
l': :' "' "'
"]i
a highl1
r;'""i::::8
*.
'oti'ut.d
il,.llil#il
l,liJ."l:::.; _;ifr
ro
Pe,
WANTED ads.
What kind o person wou|d be most
interested in each o the oIlowing
'
'l{:,.j
ffi
;..:.-';i;f l-#]l*
,'. u".'.I*.
*'.*.";l.
iobs?
What kind o background and
:.-{
;1.{dl
I
+1rt
tl
so
might ask as
that
an employer or interviewee or one
o the advertised positions.
Then go lo other pairs and interview
i{11 rlrl
l'lj.rtiJo.
ffi " ?T,"""*,.,1;'J"'
$:i:ii,lru:rl#ll:
"
",rr;?u"l"3ym:,tffir". i";; J,;l::

;.)".n
1p111s.
,T:;;l
iiT:j
";:ix
;:i:
""':,''n.
ii"Tli"Tj
appricani
' 'r, dppilcar
must have ,n f :,rTr,+il
a*,a,irir,a
;il". ;;T
uoo
'
l u ir.i.io1"
tional
l'i; J:;skills.
;
.l-^''-
il::i,' 'i:
;#l:,1::i
."
]'l;x:.
olganisa
..,
;;; *,x'';""i
''' d||U/or
Lierml
:l'1l
:lanyu here
berwecn ru
;
o da
so a'll uppti.unr*
il.J"::::!s.
," ;.;;il;i#li;:,; i
ry
lmagine that you have had an

interview or a new job and want to
opinion.
business
be prepared
'.
| Tt_1
;;. ;;:",T"^lnet.
frFi
1
th
in Pan*' Durie,
,J"',,,jjoi",''|e
:lr-:l
Tj.1|.{::1[T:}#trffi,T
and-edfting prosrams
;;,fi:,
occasronar
chosen.
lll. " ''j1|:olJlce
",îoT"l.i;|.t';a,.::-:,i,?.T.t
i"?T;,*ll;;#"1,ffi?;T
or be interviewed or the job you have
te|| your riend or ami|y about it.

Sum up brie|y what has happened
and who said what. State your own
:;ilJ
,?ll?,lii*=tanno ser up
i[i!j :.:.'i ;;'b ..l ":"i,iS
vvv|||9
g
on their own -Y]t.b9 Workin
-:"
Y:^.lY
';,;',3',::t
wittr a partner, write a dozen or

$ questions
you
r'
r.'.'''\a|eslorecasls.
':r./.'tr
.;; ;,J":.':i"l'.p-...: or op.'o. Jn,.
t<nowledge
','fr,ffiT.11..:{,:.l inre..nori.,,i'^Y.]i
nternarional
oI
burin.r.",Ll,.uB" ol
ccounling *o
and
lb experience. 7..'. ulttcl1 related

COMPANY
'.*i"#ctices
lrnr!l
al
""r "T
;;;;;..i:.Ji:nce
our
ations in p""'--'-Y manase
'rrdrlage oLlt
iclur" -,,', ]l'.,.lne succesrful
r l.,l."l^,i1. "i_responsible for
-.
'.l:.*:i'-.Tml:l
I* lJr
personality would they have?

Which one would you rather do and
why?
I
I
I
I
a
IT
I
PFDC^...
.-^:Yii-rSsstsrANr
ro
MANAGER
"û^ltros
g*
l,l loy ti,".,,.,
,fJ ;:: ::
liI
tsarrng
""'
tn radiators
I
r
!
!
I
thro,,.i
ffi::J."::$;#"lJ:J:':iJ:a:
*'* J!}i!TI
#Ti.J:,:,. ^"'''
previous secrerarial
;J#"H:" i:.::
fl fl :l ;j: :li :;.iJil;:' ;:: l."iil
u'sooo
I
T
..r.p"".
telephone
ll*' :ll;,
}: ;: n: *ilJ:':;i
r,'i..
-o
fflru
"'iffi::i.-ig
personalily.
il5#;i.::1:|.|fu
pt"u'"
..i-,".]u
I
I
Looking for a Job

situations vacant ads (GB) / want
ads / job listings (US)
GCSE (GB)/ high school diploma (US)
word o mouth
job centre (GB)
doctorate
intermediate
apprenticesh i p
a0vance0
special skills training
qual
bilingual
oice (US)
employment
appIication orm
curricuIum vitae (CV) / resum
shortl ist
to be short|isted or
schoo|-|eaving certiicate
state exam
advanced (A) levels
64
ii cati
Languages
elementary
deg ree
ons
uent
eXpel ence
"l can get by in
computer- literate
"My spoken .. is quite good, but I can't

write it
employment history / record

i
nteVieW
entrance examination
references
TYPES OF JOBS
I
I
.t
pnone
rvared
nmu_
lhe box below, try to complete the
following sentences:
r ourl
Using some of the expressions in
Mary is working at the post office at the moment. It is only a(n)

iob until the end of the holidays.
What company does Jean work for? She doesn't. She is
ssfut
J
IOI I
.l
utes
less
I
ins I
rsts. f
I
My dad is a(n)
Young men in some countries have to do
_.
of
tI
off
)ns.
I
tea I
rnd
I
,
rl
at the age
18.
Peter works for the government. He's a(n)
He was verv ambitious and eventuallv ended uo in control of the
the following text and name the various jobs that are described in it.
/Read
I
rsf
He works in a cement factory.
Can you add any more useful advice?
lrsl
I,l
I
rrsl
,J
04
Have you ever tried a similar proiect
r E x n r
n n n E n n n r
.-l
I!
dl
I
r.l
I
I
E n r
n r
perhaps as a summer iob?
Some people may not want to spend time
SI
rf
r
-
r
-
cycling. bicycle repairs
n r
i
tourist guiding
in local shops (which are very cheap)
(highly
and if you can aflord it, in your local
recommended), courier (suitable for anyone
newspaper lt will also be usef:l to 'un

ott a handhill and distribute it locallv
gardening grass-cutting, weeding pruning.
Tho nrinninel fortrrro nf c'rnrpcqfrrllri
knitting. making jumpers, cardigans, etc on
creating
a job yourself is
i-
yoLr
seuing: d ressmaki n g,
repai rs and alterations,
cush i on-maki ng
|
;
reputation. lf you impress someone w;11
musa busking playing in pubs being a DJ
!
|
your hard work, promptness, and I
efficiency, they will tell others
I
c0mm iss t0n.
I
I
I
I
yo: need to publicise your services. The !
best way to stan is with advertisenents I
with a mountain bike and living in a big city).
I
n
E
-
civil service
civil servant
domestic servant
casual
armed services
to do one's national
I
t
I
skilled
white-collar
sh
"
unskilled labouret
ift-wo rker
'
pink-coliar
I
I
I
me? After you have

identified the job you can do and lor
which you ttrin'n tnere will be a demand,
cooking. lunch and dinner party catering or

sandwich-making
manual
3. Who wants
carpentry. simple woodwork, mending gates,
maki ng/putting up shelves.
on the land (agricultural)
ln'tl
r
-
r
-
I
-
Types of Jobs
family business
walking.dog exercising,
shopping tor the elder
moneyspinner, Some suggestions:
I
II
I
I
I
E r
or spare-time activity can be turned into
hands ormindsto. lt maywell bethata hobby
-1
s r
Greating Your Own Job
I
I writing off speculative letters or phoning
I arourd polenlial empl6ys15 asking for a job
I ttrat may noi exisl The allernative is lo make
job for yourself by creating service which
I! people in your loca, area might be will ng to
I pay for Window-cleaning, car-washing,
and baby-sitting are a few of the
I hoJsework
there are many
I most obvious odd-jobs and
]I more. Below are some questions to ask
yourself belore turning serf-employed:
I t. Wtrt do people want? You can find this
I out by (a) asking neighbours, (b) reading
I local papers (c) looking at advertisements
1 in local sho0s
What can I offer? lt s srprising how
; 2.
many
differentthings nost ot us can turn our
I
wo rke rs
blue-collar "
'
hard-hat
off i ce-wo rke r
sedentary job
nrnfoccinnrlc r/dnntnrc
wr
\vvw(wr
rawye rs
rt ist
self-employed
freelance
full-time, part-time
regular seasonal work
permanent temporary lob
"
a
/ nilitary
service
conscription (GB)/ draft (US)

conscript (GB) / drafree (US)
alternative service
re-enlistment
vo{unteers i enlisters
managerial
saies represenlalive / Iravel er in st
vocation job
'
temp
sideline / second job

moonlighting
voluntary
charity
"
. WORK & LEISURE .
65
KEEPING A JOB
I
I
What do you consider to be a

good job? What things are most
important to you in a job?
Would you rather have iob
J: Hi Fiona.
What's wrong? You look a little down.

F: Yeah, it's my job. I really don't know what to do.
J: Why? I thought you were really happy with it.
F: Well, in many ways it's a great job. It definitely has a lot of
1_.
satisfaction and lower pay or vicevelsa?
tr
I StuOythe words below and then
read the dialogue on the right and
fill in the missing words.

qualif ications
expense account
J:
F:
workaholic
retraining
pension
slave-driver
responsibility
perks
itiative
working environment
career change
i
sick pay
overtime
promotion
J:
self-motivated
F:
stressfu
company car
passing the buck
health scheme
J:
rI igi
Now listen and check
your answers.
F:
J:
In the dialogue, Fiona's friend

tells her that she can still fulfil her
dreams. In pairs, list all ol the

reasons why she shouldn't leave
her job.
I have an 3
F:
something you like doing better.

I know, but how can I do it? I can't go back to school at my age.
Well, you might not have to do a full degree. You've got "A" level
history, haven't you? You should see if that's enough to get a job
teaching history somewhere. And even if you do have to do some
t9
, you could go to evening classes before you quit
you need.
your present job and get all of the 20_
You know, maybe you're right. I'll have to give it some thought.
Keeping a Job
promotion)
sabbaticals
ln-service training
regular ' irregular hours
flexitime
day release
fixed flexible hours
health scheme (GB)/health plan (US)
'
to work shifts
company facilities
to clock in " out
the perks of the job / fringe benelits
staf{ discount on products / services to share a job
maternity leave
dlligence
enterprise
maternity grant
obedience
holidavs ' unDaid leave
prospects (of
66
untilyougetyour18-?IfIwereyouI'dleaveandfind
travelling expenses
tt
Ihavea2
I can use at anv time.

I can use to pay for my
. The job offers a great 5
with
full 6
when I get ill. And there's a good chance of
7
if I stay with the company for a few years.
It sounds great! So what's the problem, then?
Well, I'm just not satisfied with the job. I have to travel a lot, so I'm
always away from Dan and the kids, and when I am here I always
have to work 8
so I don't get a chance to see them
job, and everybody in
much either. It's also a verv 9
the office is feeling it, so it's a pretty tense 10
The boss is a ll
which doesn't help. He just walks
around vellins about how we all have to show more
t2
take more 13
for things instead
of 14
be
more
15
,
, and all of
sometimes. But
those thinss. He can be a real 16
most of all, I'm just sick of selling computers. I want to do something
else with my life.
Like what?
I really want to be a teacher, but I'm not a young girl any more, and
I'm afraid that it's a bit late to be thinkins about
a17
at my age.
Yeah, but what are you going to do - stick with a job you don't like
and
1*,
they a
headli
laziness
to passthe buck
self-motivation
'
I
I
nt
tote
In
I
I
trad,
unic
t;;;
procrastination
ethical
tta'
lill
punctuality
individualiiy
l"
I
'
'
(a
dccept/take responsibility
self-starter')
sociability
I[i
unethical business practices
environment(ally)Jriendly products
l*t
l'
L9
funstft
vuoM.
uollenlls cllrouooo 0u rurlcap

0ultac sset0 aql
u0rlPurLillcsrp lPnxos
luolrssPrPq lPnxss
ssoc0r
u 0
ro1
(51)
rano passed
(91) areylam uo
/ 1tlnces leIcos uo
o1
lo0 / scllou uanr0 eq

ilo prPl 0q
o1
01
qol e 0u;so1
1no1co1 luaua0eueLLt
suorsued / sDulurpa pa)lull-xopul
(ge) 0t0p oql u0
uorleliur
sl|1auaq 1uaLlo1dueun
(1tlnoas 1etcos lo1) uo u0ls o]
pa)lc0 pP0p
q1r,u
(oult)tolctd
doqs p0s0lc
q1edus uI ln0 ou]oc 0]
101
x ]suteoE oluls 0l
ollrls u0 aq ol
o)jlrls
i alrls
uo oD or
anrlelueserder uo;un
s0np u0lun
dlqsraqLlotl uotun
suorun opPrl
u0rl3P lPulsnpur olel 0l
soluls
puE suo!un
JUgu]a]|Jo] 1lee e1e1 o1
cuepunpal le1un1on
aced 0u1dea1 sa0em
1ueLlo1dLla l0 SU0|]lpU03
p0llPts
nlssasJ n s
aq UPJ suoriPrlo0au / s>llel
aueqcs 0u1ulerlar
aleqspueq ueplo0 aql
uns dunl
(51) ed
(E3) luaurPd cuepunpel
acue]0^0s
/
(801 luPpunpor apPur 0q 0l
parll aq
/ loEs or.ll
1o 1re1
acueleduocu
1t1tqes;p uo oq 0l
slu0u0q ssou)lcls
laolr spuo olelr ot (ttnctUp)

poddns
0L1,103u!
srnoq 0lqPl3osun
luou.ruor rAUa 0u1>1ro,m peq
ss0rls
soculd q0rq ur uolldnroc
uoriouord
1tun|oddo lo lcel
srolcPl lsuraul
san0ealloc rLrorl poddns
l3ellu 03 Ll.l.lal{ ol.ls

poUad uolteqotd
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Iol]uoc i||enb peq
srolsPl lPuosJad
(es) atop i
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qo u 0u;neo1
qor e 6u;so1 ,o 6urneo-l

NOtsstcSU
lsJoHVH JH JHV
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luoJJ eluocul poJnpeJ eql q]I^\ uoISseJeJ
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...eJe luolqord srq1

pe1e1s e'trns
lseq8rq eql Surqceer olqnorl 8ur.l,uq

.uor1u1st3e1
eJe
.osn 0l peeu
lou op no eu!|pPeq
uolJeunulJJs1p-r1ue 3o sree
ueluo,4n
1ue'u4 e1rdsep .tuql pe^\oqs e'l'rns ]uceJ V
Plua euo s! olot|I .sa|c!uu otll qs!u!| uot|l Tol etB eql
solclllu eql ol
tadedsmau eril
vlo|oq soutIpeeq
qclg6
gor v cNtso'l oNV 9NIAV=]
BANKING AND FINANCE

a
5t'
c0lum
Loof at the following story and put the paragraphs in the correcl order.
GIUGilT
il TIIE GREIIilTnIP
It all sounded too good to be true, so

a
and services.
The fun all ended one afiernoon when a man from
the Unicard Collection Agency arrived at my house
and, intorming me thar my credit limit was used up
and my cheque account was severely overdrawn,

demanded that I pay hin in.rmediately. When I told
him that I couldn't, he ripped up my beloved Unicard
and immediately proceeded to repossess all of the
Then Christmas came round. and I went on a mad
shopping spree, buying expensive presents for
everybody on my credit card. Everybody in my farnily

was extrenrely impressed by how nice Santa Claus
was to them that year, and my girlfiiend especially
loved the expensive gold necklace I bought for her.
Nobody bothered to ask how I could afford such nice
gifts, so I didn't wory about it either.
presents I had bought for people. My girltiiend was

so upset at losing the gold necklace that she dumped
me, and my parents had to foot most of the bill tbr
my shopping spree. What's worse, my credit is now
ruined, so I will never be able to take out a student
Ioan to continue my studies, a car loan to buy a new
car, or a mortgage to buy a new house. But I still
have nry Unicard, taped back together and encased
in ,ulass on my desk, as a rerninder to never, ever _qet
another credit card as long as I live.
The Unicard was t'ar more than just a credit card,

he claimed. It was also a cash card which could be
used at cash dispensers all over the country to nrake
withdrawals and deposits without having to deal with
a real bank clerk. What's more. it was also a direct
debit card which could be used in most shops to pay
directly fiorrr my bank account instead of paying in
cash. And. of course, it was also a conventional cledit
card with, wonder of all wonders, a 1,600-pound
Then the tlouble started. I had never been any

good at balancing my chequebook, and befbre I got
my Unicard, I had always just taken money out of
my account until the cash machine told rne I had none
left. But with rny new account, any overdrafis were
automatically paid fbr out of my credit account. My
bank statement was so confusing that I had no idea
this was going on, and I spent ntoney right and left,
quickly getting rnyself into debt.
credit limit.
going to replace all other forms of currency as the

world's main method of buying and selling goods
I imrnediately signed up. I closed my account at my

old bank and opened up a new one at "High Street
International", one of the banks affiliated with the
Unicard. I had a current account fbr ny everyday
purchases and a high-interest savings account for any
money I could manage to put aside.
I got my first (and last) credit card when I was at

university. I walked out of the college bookstore one
day tcl find a whole crowd of young salesmen trying
to sign up students on the new Unicard program. This
new card. .ls a smart young man told me, was sool.r
6r
mi
(f(
stl
8.
ar
let
ba
tht
m(
thi
9.
ac
to
al
Ini
'nt
10. ih(
rel
frc
12. afi
or
pn
{in
1l
f Choose the word for the following definitions and

explain the meaning of the other expressions.
1 Take back goods which were bought on credit but not
CI
hi
paid for in the agreed time.

a) sign up b) overdraw c) repossess d) afford
2
3
Stop doing business with a bank.

a) open an account b) get oneself into debt c) make
a withdrawal d) close an account
Take more money out of
your bank than you actually
have in your account.

a) overdraw b) charge c) take out a loan d) affiliate
68
Keep track of all of the money you take out of your

acc0u nt.
a) automatically pay b) make a deposit c) receive your bank
statement d) balance your chequebook
The account you use for most transactions.

a) current account b) high-interest account c) credit limit
d) savings account
pl
bt
k
CI
To pay for something.

a) open an account b) make a deposit c) foot ihe
CI
bill
d) withdraw
cash
d
Si
tr
ln pairs, choose one 0f the paragraphs and act 0ul one

0f the conversations that might have taken place in it.
h
e'
c,
t(
Summarise each ol the paragraphs 0r write a topic

sentence for each of them.
t(
tc
Here are a lew idioms in context. Try to match the

c0lumns.
A
B
C
as the
goods
E
F
from
house
sed up
lrawn,
rl
told
Inicard
of the
rd was
umped
'1
8.
ver get
en any
'e T oot
out of
Ld
none
is
were
Lnt.
My
Jane shops very carefully to save a few pence 0n

food, then charges the food to a charge card that
costs a lot in annual interest. That's being...
(The love
0f
) money is the root of all evil.
A penny saved is a penny earned.
Why do you work so hard to make money? lt will

just cause you trouble....
You can't take it with you.
Child: Can I have ten dollars to oo to the movies?

Father: Ten dollars?!...
foot the bill.
lf the bank goes broke, don't worry. The

government will...
f Across I T--- Down l

6.
I still
Money doesn't grow on trees, you knowl
O fry this crossword.
is now
Itudent
ncased
penny wise, pound foolish
Fred put his money in a new bank that pays more

interest than his old bank, saying:...
4r
rill fbr
a new
My aunt is a wealthy miser. I keep telling her:...
automatic teller
machine
(formal) to buy
2.
sth
a sum of money
lent to sb by a
bank, allowing
tham
f^ c^6^d
more money
than is in their
account
9. to put money inlo
a oanK, esp so
that it can gain
interest
10. the action of
removing money
from a bank
account
12. an organization
or a place that
a sum of money
lent by a building
society, bank, etc
for buying a house
or other properly,
the property being
4.
the security
a special printed
form on which one
wttes an order to a
bank to pay a sum
of money from one's
money in coins or
5.
money charged for
3.
notes
borrowrng money,
or paid to sb who
7.
'11
invests money
a thing that is leni,
esp a sum of money
a sum of money
owed lo sb
provroes a
financial service
ro idea
nd left,
/ithdraw
ut one
it.
rpic
Banking and Finance

credit bank
high street bank (GB) / local bank (US)
private bank
building society (GB) / savings and loan (US)
to go bankrupt I Iail I declare bankruptcy
cheque (GB) / check (US)
current account (GB) / checking account (US)
deposit account
savings account
to open " close a bank account
high interest account
ethical investments
cash machines
ATM / cash dispenser
to put money into the bank / make a deposit
to draw / take money out / make a withdrawal
to credit
"
interest (rates)
mortgage
bank loan
bank manager
bank clerk (GB)
/ teller
(US)
overdraft
overdrawn
in the red
bank charges
money-changing counter
bureau de change
bank holiday
to make out a cheque to

cheque card
credit card
standing order
statement of account
home banking
bank statement
debit an account
. WORK & LEISURE .
69
WORK & LEISURE PRACTICE MAKES PERFECT

I
Complement the following verbs with either MONEY (a) or PRIGE (b) and use them in sentences.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
to use
Io accept a _
to cost
to ask for the
to refund
to get one's
to vary in
back
to replace the
to return
Con
1
to reduce a _
to borrow
to lend
to agree a _
to transfer
2
3
4
5
6
I I trn these expressions into two groups

With MONEY.
under number 15 those which collocate with PBICE and number 16 those
llr,
with
wholesale
pflze
discount off the
competitive
amount(s) of
retail
drop
t\
pocket
in
...... adjustment
exlra
official
15
15.....
16
Ill
||I
17
16.....
Talking about money. Fill in the missing words.

'Million'is sometimes abbreviated to'm', and'billion'to'bn'. Similarly'K'and'k'are sometimes used as abbreviations
for'thousand'when people's
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
70
When saying aloud an a
s_
are being mentioned. eg.: Sales Manager, t30K + bonus + car.

of money that consists only of pence, you say the word'pence'or the letter'p'
ill
17
18
after the number.
19
m_
20
'How
did you have to pay?'-'Eight quid'.
You don't have change for a ten-pound
He rattled the loose

Farmers
He
s_
o_
c_
n_,
do you?
22
in his pocket.
'b_'
to refer to paper money. "The man put a five-dollar
e_
money.
to get danger money for that job.
lt no longer provides v
How much
m_
'd_'.
lgot 100 bucks for
it.
b_
on the counter."
25
26
while I was there was almost 50 crowns to the pound.
You have to travel abroad to make b
d_
24
some 10 million pounds' worth of property in Hampstead.
In informal speech,'buck'is often used instead of
He
23
more than half a billion pounds per year on pesticides.
Americans use the word
The rate of
21
for money.
have we got to play with?
27
28
29
30
WORK & LEISURE AND MORE PRACTICE...

I
Gomplement the following verbs with either M0NEY (a) or PRICE (b) and use them in sentences.
1 to (help) raise
2 lo give access to
3 to run out of
4 toputupa_
5 topaya_
6 to make
7 Io obtain st at a
r
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
to earn
to spend one's
to waste
to sell (out) at a
to lose
to save
to withdraw
th0se
| | tou
with
these expressions into two groups
under number 15 those which collocate with PRICE and number 16 those
MONEY.
...... range
...... reductions
hush-
easy
exorbitant
...... Iag
...... group
...... order
...... of shares
...... stability
a...... worth paying
ttt
'iations
ritar'n'
)unter."
| Talking about money. Fill in the missing wotds.

17 Several people paid on the spot in new n-.
for telephoning.
18 You should make sure that you have a ready supply of c
19 The machine wouldn't take 10p p-.
20 'Per annum' is sometimes used instead of 'per y-'.
21 | had just that - a dollar bill, a quarter, two d, a nickel, and three pennies.
You never Say'c'.
22 When saying aloud amounts of money, you always say the word 'c-'.
or money.
23 You can't find another room at this hour in this town for l24 Those four books cost a pound e-.
is money that is given to someone to persuade them to keep something that they know secret.
25 Hush m_
consists of all the institutions such as the government and commercial banks that
26 A country's money m_
||
deal with shortterm loans, capital, and foreign exchange.
27
28
29
30
Now that their children are working as well, they must be
They indulged all three children with plentiful

The
i_
s-
r-
in money.
money.
rate is 8 per cent at the moment.
you anything.
Many people think that money can b
. WORK & LEISURE .
71
COMMUNICATION
1*'
pamph
the kin
a
Look at the picture and describe what you can see, using the vocabulary from the box below.
Then prepare at least three questions to ask your classmates about the particular services.
d
e
,0,
glass
fri end
steps r
pack il
parts o
steps i
3*''
take to
to its
Post Offices and the Services They Provide

post office
to keep
sorting office
post van (GB)
sub-post office
post counter i village shop (GB)
postal clerk
public telephone
postmaster
i postmistress
postman (GB)
Post 0ffice Box
lose one s place (in a queue)
mait truck (US)
fax
coin-operated phone
postal order (GB)
"
pensr0n payments
unemployment benelit
P0B
general delivery (US)
road tax renewal
parcel post
bill payments
counter
savrngs acc0unt
window
lP,
II
Pittu
lolto
rurLu
ti rst
lm
mail carrier (US)
poste restante (GB)
72
'
card phone
I
I
II
I
I
I
I
seco
reg
il
reco
lc
trp'
telen
iittv
pack
POSTING LETTERS AND PARCELS
therorrowins t-ffi;]1}i"fr*fro1i;;-xxrxn'
pamph|etand|i||',.n,';['.{il1ljfiil!RoYALMAILSERvICEW!
'l
neau
the kinds of post
a
b
c
d
e
f
below.
ZfffiN
I Intand
l.
are usually delivered on the next working
day after collection, except those collected on Saturdays, as there is only
one delivery as opposed to two on other days.
Parcels
Recorded delivery
First class letters
are usually delivered on the third working

day after collection, except those collected on Saturdays.
Registered post
Express letter
provides evidence of posting, a signature

on delivery and special handling affangements for first class letters,
including compensation for ioss or damage to letters.
Second class letters
provides evidence ofposting and a signature
4.
on delivery for both first and second class letters, but without any
compensation for loss or damage.
is a service which suarantees that first class
letters be delivered on the first working day after posting or your money
back.
5.
should be properly packaged and

.^:l^ contents.
^^-,^-,..
marked if they contain any fragile
clearll ;
I
I International
.|
/
You have bought some fine cut

glass which you want to send to your
lriend in Venezuela. Here are the

steps you need to take in order to
pack it safely. First match the two
parts of each step and then put the
steps in the correct order.
!
!
I
Co-p.n.rtion for lost or damaged goods will be provided only if the I

noyui Mail Service is to blame. Be sure to observe all tax, sanitary, and !
t.gut protocols for parcels sent abroad.
l"--rilx
take to make sure the package gets

to its destination safely?
using
Line the box
Close the box
Gently put the cut glass

Write your return address
Wrap the box
Write FRAGILE
Write the mailing address

Make sure the crystal
Tie a piece
Posting Letters and Parcels

pillar box (GB)
ietter box (GB) / postbox (GB)
mailbox (US)
first class post/ mail (US)

second class post
mail (US)
with crumpled newspaper.

0n the side of the box.
in brown paper.
in the upper left-hand corner 0f the box
of string around the box.
strong packing tape.
is totally surrounded with crumpled
newspaper.
in the centre of the box.
into the box.

a large cardboard box.
stamp collector
philatelisl
/ ^h^,^^^
^^^r^t /^+^^
puJrdr
rdruJ / r,ildruuJ
parcel
stn ng
printed matter rate

tn uroinh ur lottpr
,uLLw, // nrrnal
yu, uul
sealing wax
air mail
to insure the contents
sca I es
aer0gram
se
recorded delivery (for important

letters)
stamp
postmark
express ietter
franked envelope
window envelope
cancelled stamp
commemorative issue
to tie with string

fragile
handle with care
this side up
packet
package
registered post (for valuables)
telemessage (replaces telegram)

jifly bag / padded envelope
rrrnnrr-E-----J
Find
rt
.! Wtrat other precaulions could you
I
I
||
otape
urgent
please forward to
. COMMUNICATION
73
LETTERS
I
I
Below are the texts of two letters, one f0rmal, the other informal. Sort them out and put them in the correct order.
Write at least one of the letters into your exercise book. (NB: A colon is used in lhe U.S. - Dear Sirs: )
[ _r'l
L=
t-I
t_.1
l:t-l
L:l
Dear Sirs
Hi Christina
I look forward to your reply.
a tourist map
(and cheap!) hotels in the area, please send

those as well.
of the city that includes public
Guess what?
fl
I'm going to be in town sometime
in late April.
t a- writing to enquire about tourist
intbrmation on your city.
tt doesn't have to be anything too big - maybe
just a list of the things that are worth looking
at, and maybe a tourist map if you have one.
fjt
L:l
Fil
a
a
so could
--n
|jl
I will be visiting your city in late April.
t__;l
L -l
Oh, yeah! Ifyou know the nafires ofany good
transport routes.
r?
I don't know anything about the city,
you do me a f-avour and pop some information

in the mail fbr me?
Please send me some information about the

most important sites and musellms, as well as
E]
T_il
aoa
Patrick McCully
I can't wait to see you!

t:.l
Lil
Any infbrmation about accommodation would
t:l
also be appreciated.
.BT
a
COU
tre
a
a
a
.wh
a
o bei
. oP
a
a
a
Alll
for
tL:l-il Yours faithfully,

--n
Pat
-l
f-n
r-l
Love,
I can
. mol
a
a
a
o You
' tola
IW NNI
IN$NNNN
A,Cl,,.,t,no
Dear Sirs
r
a
Tha
aaal
LNO
(a)
ar
lWnat information do you usually find in the grey tinted panels? Talk about various layouts of letters that you have
come across. lf you are not sure what is right and wrong, ask your teacher for advice.
Letters
personal letter
business lett"or
love letter
poison-pen letter
ln
utup dn linn
rilc fn
tu Arnn
tu
tn koon in lnrrnh
to put st in writing
to seal a letter
quick note
replying to posl
posrcar0
Receiving
to correspond with
penJriend / pen-pal
stamped addressed envelope

(s a e.)
to sign for st
o nery
to make a draft (rough copy) proof of identity
return to sender
to make a fair copy
return address
g reetr n g
not known at this address
letterhead
stati
enclosures
C.0.D. (cash on delivery)

excess postage
R.S V.P - please reply to an
invitation
first post
second post
order.
I
I
Fill in the gaps with a suitable word.

a a t I a a a a a a * a t I a, I a a a a a a a t
a
a
ruld
Ltion
I
ood
J
o
a
a
a
c
a
a
a
a
ould
THE TELEPHONE
G
a a * a a a a o a a, a a
r&
at aat aot aaI et t ot aaa

a
o
a
a
BT Chargecard is easy to use

BT Chargecard calls are easy to 1_.
Simply 2_
the free access code for the
and PlN.
country you are in and you will then be asked to enter your account 3_
lt's that easy.
fnen just enter the telephone number you wish to 4-.
I
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
You'll always hear a familiar voice

Wherever you are, when you use the BT Chargecard you will always
be able to communicate in English, which means no problems with
operators who don't speak your
5_.
Charge your calls to your credit card

:
you
your
will
itemised
on
a
separate
statement
make
with
BT
Chargecard
be
All
the
6_
that
!
:
o for you to easily review. The total of your call charges will then appear on your monthly credit r
I card 7-. You are only billed for the calls you actually make - there are no membership or :a
. monthly 8_.
:
r
a
a
a
Lower costs when you're out and about
a
a
a
a
a
a
You'll find the BT Chargecard not only easy to use, but money-saving too. Avoid the costly
often charged by hotels by billing your calls to the BT Chargecard instead.
telephone
That way you'll get the benefit of BT's competitive international 10
9_
oaStaaa*iaaaaaaaoaaaaaaaaaaiaaaa
aaaatataaaaaaaataoaaoaaatSf
rl
/
Now describe the different parts ol the phone.
at
1| Loot< at the pictures and describe them. What are the

advantages and disadvantages of each type of phone?
Which situation is each one most suitable for?
The Telephone
u have
telephone set
yeil0\/v pages
to reverse the charges (GB)
rece lve r
operato r
earp r ece
directory enquiries
automatic dialting
last number redial
dialling tone
to dial a number
ringing tone
engaged tone (GB) / busy signal (US)
number unobtainable
to be cut off / be disconnected
to have a bad iine / a bad connection
local call " trunk / long distance call
extension (number)
call collect (US)

international c0de * area code
to answer the phone
'Wrong number'
mouthp iece
remote microphone
mike
mic
answerphone
answering machine
telephone
rotary,
push-button
car
mobile
portable
cellular
cordless
ex-directory number (GB) / unlisted

number (US)
telephone directory i book
"
local code
Modern developments
facsimile (fax)
to fax someone
modem
e-mail
datalink
vi
deophone
digital information transfer
. COMMUNICATION .
75
USING THE TELEPHONE

I The texts to three dillerent telephone conversations
I
have been scrambled together. Sort them out into the

three conversalions. Then put them in the right order.
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
E
a
@
a
a
a
E
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
Gonversation I
Hel lo.
Tavlor Residence.
Oh well, maybe we can see it some other time.

That'd be great. Maybe some time next week.
rel
o.K.'l
That'd be fine. So
light?
I'll
call vou on Thursdav. all
Gonversation 2
Bye bye.
Hel|o.216964.
Hello.
O.K., I'll let him know you called.

Oh. yeah! I'd completely forgotten. I'm sorry,
I can't make it tomorow. I've sot a lot of work
right now.
Hello. Could I speak with John, please?
Yes, I'd like to speak to Mr. Smith, please.
Thank you. Bye.
Bye.
Yes, I think he does.
No, that's all right. I'll try again later. Thank you.
Great. Talk to you on Thursday, then. Bye.
Hello. Bernstein Bank. May I help you?
This is Mary speaking.
Hi, Mary. It's David. I was just ringing to make
sure that we're still on for the cinema tomomow.
aut0n
Gonversation 3
Hello. Bernstein Bank. May I help you'?
Goodbye.
Hold on one second. I'11 see if he's in. Pause. I'm
sorry, John's in the shower right now. Can I take
a message'l
I'll put you right through. Pause. l'm

sorry. Mr Smith is in a meeting right now and can't
come to the phone. May I take a message?
Bye.
Hold on,
Listen to the recording and check your answers.
2*'
Can you tell which ol the speakers are British and which
are American?
at
In pairs, act out the lollowing telephone conversations.
Jo calls Pat and invites him to a concert. Pat accepts.
Sophie calls the telephone company to complain

about her bill. She reaches a secretary who tells her
that the manager of the complaints office is having
his lunch break and won't be back for an hour.
76
Hello, Taylor Residence.

Does he have your number'?
Hello. Can I speak to Mary. please'?
Sure. Could you just tell him that Jane called
and ask him to call me back when he sets
out of the shower?
a
fl r-''
Z tgl
{
1o
read
Ben calls his piano teacher to say that he can't

come to his lesson this week because he is ill. She
too is ill and her husband takes the call. He is
more than curious that both his wif'e and Ben are
ill with the same thing.
COMPUTERS AND THE INTERNET

I
Discuss the meaning of the words on the left. Then

fill in the gaps.
read the text and
By
1990, personal computers had become small enough to be completely
portable: they included I
computers. notebook computers.
transfer of funds
and pocket or palm-sized computers. Multimedia personal computers equipped
retrieval of information
with 2
players and digital sound systems allowed users to
(in addition to text and still
handle animated imases and 3
Sgund images) that were stored on high-capacity CD-ROMs.
CD-ROM
were increasingly interconnected with each other and with
for the purpose of gathering, sending,
larger computers in 5
netwgfks and sharing information electronically. Computer networks are collections of

computers and intelligent peripheral
laptOp equipment (e.g., 6

and point-of-sale terminals equipped with
Dersonal comDuters
microprocessors) that are inlerconnected

bY 7
automatic teller machines
, microwave
relays, and other high-speed
te|ephoneIinescommunicationlinksforthepurpose
of exchanging data and sharing equipment.
networking 8
has been developed on all levels,
from local to intemational, in diverse sectors of society.

Examples are networks used by government organizations for rapid
from databases at central locations and those used by

banks and retail merchants for the 10
al
lWnat
or credit verification.
do you understand by these words? What are they describing?
the Internet
the information superhighway
r't
l. She
S
I are
cyberspace
the world-wide web

(at)
computer nerd
. COMMUNICATION .
77
at
.l
Read the lollowing article and match the appropriate

title to each paragraph. One of the titles does not fit any ol
the paragraphs.
Who's logging on and why

New technology brings new problems
From factories to the PC
Information overload
Getting wired into the information
*rtrn
the following things to their uses on the right.
the screen where information

appears
MOUSE
m0nitor
m0dem
cursor
?
I
Mal
used to highlight or select

information on the screen
used to move the cursor

around on the screen
Living your life on the web
In pairs, talk about what the missing paragraph could
allows computers to connect

to the Internet through a
phone line
superhighway
c(
5 Use the informalion lrom the adicle and talk about

the advantages and disadvantages of the lnlernet.
5
6
TT
ll
say.
7
8
The late twentieth century has been dubbed the end of

the Industrial Age and the beginning of the Information
Age, where computers and scientific know-how are the
most impoftant keys to survival. More than any invention
since the steam engine, the computer has revolutionised
the way we work, play, and live. Nothing exemplifies
this more than the so-called "infbrmation superhighway",
otherwise known as the Internet.
r l--l
-rl
The lnternet is a world of its own, a huge universe of
shopping malls, libraries, entertainment centres, and even
clubs and discos that exists only inside a group of

interconnected computers. Using any simple personal
computer and a modem, we can log into the net and do
almost anything. Go to the travel section and you can
browse travel brochures and book a complete holiday
fiom the comfort of your living room. Your morning
a certain amount of information at any one time, and that

amount is really too small for the huge files and graphics
that are often sent back and forth between computers.

Researchers are now looking at difl-erent ways to link
computers, such as television cable wires and even the
electrical wires that bring electricity to people's houses.
tf1
-ll
But even when the problem of speed has been solved,

the Internet will still be an incredibly confusing place.
This is because there is simply so much information out
there. Anyone who is looking for infbrmation on, say, a
cultural festival in Malaysia may have to wade through
hundreds of files on anything fiom the Malaysian

economy to travelling in Malaysia to Malaysian
universities before they find the information they are
looking for.
5l
-l
lll,
senter
10
11
12
13
14
lV'
transmit their daily editions to your e-mail account. And

if there's anything in the paper that you feel like talking
about, anything at all, just plug into one of the on-line
Despite these problems, millions of people log onto the

Internet every day. Some are experts who know exactly
what they want and log on and off in a matter of minutes.
Then there are the "Internetjunkies", people who spend
countless hours glued to the computer
terminal, using their mouse and cursor
chat rooms, where people have discussions about
to peek into every corner of
anything, from movies to politics and religion.
cyberspace and send e-mails to
conce
rl_l
"tl
their fellow junkies.

But most people who
been
use the net do so not to
Throur
paper no longer comes to your doorstep; rather, it comes
to your monitor, as papers tiom all over the world
Sounds great, right? So why does anybody ever leave

the house any more, if everything can be done on the
computer? As anybody who has gone through the
experience of trying to find something on the lnternet
can tell you, surfing the information superhighway is
buy things, butjust out

of curiosity, just to find
out what's out there.
The
id
22_
1f
28a por
not always that easy. The biggest problem is one of speed.
Right now, most people use a modem to connect their

computers to the Internet via the telephones. The only
sramp
problem is that telephone wires can only transmit
78
been
right.
COMMUNICATION PRACTICE MAKES PERFECT

I
necl
Match the questions with probable answers 0n the right.
1
2
3
4
5
6
about
t.
that
phics
He's not available. Can I take a messaoe?

Who's calling?
Do you wish me to page Mr. Smith?
Can you hold?
uters.
Itr
r link
sentences.
|||
c
d
later.
e
f
ls there anyone else who could help mea
Yes, please. Tell him it's urgent.
That's not possible.
of the following expressions in each line does NOT collocate with the wold 0n the left?
7 COMPUTER
8 INFORMATION -
Yes, please, can he tell Mrs. Edington to get in

touch with me.
This is Mary Hopkins speaking.
I would be happy to try to answer your question.
No, I have to get back to my work. I will call again
Hang on a moment.
IT
| | Which
... is down, personal, home, to peek, to use, ... has crashed, to hack into
... superhighway, to solicit, to withhold, to volunteer, access to, flow of,
...
technioue
Choose the verbs that go with the lollowing nouns: CALL (a), LETTER (b), PARCEL (c) and use them in short
rn the
)uses.
9
10
11
12
13
14
rlved,
rlace.
)n
out
say, a
:ough
15
16
17
18
19
20
to make
to address
to deliver
to put through
to wait for
to return sb's
to drop
to stamp
to seal
in the post
to (un)wrap
to receive
to take
ysian
ysian
,]
&rO
Ilt
I lf
POSTAL REFORMS CIVIL SERVANT RELEASED COLLECT A TAX REIGNING

MONARCH ADHESIVE POSTAGE STAMP KNIGHTED NAME OF THE COUNTRY STAMP
LABELS
to the
ractly
lutes.
spend
Put each 0l the lollowing words 0r phrases into its correct place in lhe passage below.
The idea for the adhesive postage 21
was first suggested by the English schoolmaster and
Rowland Hill as one of the manv 23
in Great Britain in 1837. Hill's
, was derived from similar 25
conceotion. for which he was laler 24
been issued almost a century earlier in many parts of Europe to 26

Through Hill's efforts, on May 1, 1840, Great Britain 27
that had
on newsoaoers.
the world's first officiallv issued
a one-penny denomination universally referred to as the Penny Black. The stamp featured
portrait of Queen Victoria, which established a postal precedent in Great Britain; since that time, all regular-issue
stamps have portrayed the 29
Moreover, like the Penny Black, no subsequent British stamp has
been inscribed with the 30
. COMMUNICATION.
79
COMMUNICATION
I

Deper
Match lhe questions with probable answers below.
think
collo<
1
2
3
4
5
6
| need some stamps, please.

l'd like to buy a book of stamps, please.
Do you have any envelopes I could buy?
That should arrive on Tuesday.

Five, ten, or twenty pounds?
Please, print legibly.
How long will it take to get there?
First or second class?
Can I have a change-of-address form?

l'd like to pick up a package.
Any padicular style?

Can I see some lD (identification)?
| | tn,rn
you
Exe
of the lollowing expressions in each line does NOT collocate with rhe word 0n the left.
7 COMPUTER
laptop, to operate, ...-educated, ... age, ... programmer, ... studies,

to run something through, ... error
INFORMATION
to sum up, relevant, crumbs of, snippets of, lack of, millions of, make ... available, to sieve
ul
lll
tnoose the words that go with the following nouns: CALL (a), LETTER (b), CORRESPONDENCE (c) and use them
in short sentences.
9
10
11
12
13
14
l\f
15
16
17
18
19
20
business
poison-pen
emergency
love
extensive
brief
tr,
l"',
chain
collect
long-distance
voluminous
regular
open
each 0f the following w0rds 0r phrases into its corlect place in the passage below.
INTERNATIONAL
MAIL
ESTABLISHED TECHNICAL ADVICE TRANSPORTATION POSTAL SERVICES
PARCEL CHARGES INTERNATIONAL MONEY ORDEBS POSTAL

The Universal Postal Union (UPU) was 21
LETTER MAIL
in 1875 under the Universal Postal Convention of
Prepar
The
1874. lt became a specialized agency of the United Nations in 1948. The UPU's permanent headquarters are in
Bern, Switzerland. lt provides information and 22
to assist cooperating nations in improving their
m,
Love s
Young
When
23
. In 1994. it had 186 members.
My ide
convention, pays 25
Each country, under Ihe 24
charoes to members who
Shoulc
Chain
carry 26
across their borders. The 27
The original treaty applied only to 28
are determined by the UPU.
; other postal services, such as 29
What r
posl
My typ
Some
and 30
80
have been regulated by supplementary agreements.
ESSAY PREPARATION
Depending on the topic of the essay, go to the appropriate page and write down four or five nouns you
think you will use to write about the topic. Thenn using the box on the respective page, a dictionary of
collocations or a corpus, look up the verbs, adjectives and adverbial or any other useful phrases that
you will need to express your ideas.
Example:
My favourite dish (a recipe)

Go to p. 35 - Cooking
The nouns:
bowl
adjectives: large, small, medium-sized, soup, mixing, sugar, soup

verbs: put /place in ... / into..., pour into .., mix, beat, stir, mash
adverbials: stir until smooth / together
useful phrases: to transfer to a mixing bowl, to place the bowl in hot water, lo
combine allthe ingredients in a bowl
eggs
adjectives: beaten, raw, fresh, f ree-range, whole, finely-chopped
verbs'. add, beat, whisk, separate

adverbials: cook until firm, whisk / beat until stiff
] them
usefulphrases: egg whites, egg yolk, egg mixture, hard-boiled egg
pan
adjectives: frying, large, shallow, wide, covered, non-stick, heavy(-based)

verbs: pul st in ..., remove from the heat, place over the heat, heat the pan
adverbials: lightly grease a roasting pan, until the mixture begins to thicken
useful phrases: seeds roasted to gold in a pan without oil, fry the cutlets until
golden brown
oven
adjectives: gas, electric, pre-heated, microwave, moderate, hot
verbs:heal, cook in ..., reduce to ..., bake in ... for

adverbials: to bake uncovered, to cover tightly, under the grill, straight from the
oven
useful phrases: set the oven at gas mark x, pre-heat the oven to x degrees, to
warm in a moderate oven before serving
ICES
Prepare the lollowing topics in lhe same way:
The most unpleasant person I have ever met (p. 7)

tn
their
Love story (p. 11)

Young people in the Czech Republic (p. 13)
When should people get married? (p. 14)

My ideal home (pp. 18-21)
Should fast food be banned? (pp. 33-34)
Chain stores or small shops? (pp. 43-45)
What clothes should a student coming to the Czech Republic between February and May pack? (pp. 48-55)
]OSI
My typical working day, and one of my weekends (p. 60)

Some of the pros and cons of modern communication (pp. 75-78)
81
TOWN & COUNTRY
JRe
Find
I
I
THE MODERN VILLAGE

I
I
In your country, what image do people in the cities

have of people who live in the countryside? Do the two
tr
f Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of living
in the city versus living in the counlry.
groups like each olher?
I
l've lived in this little village all my life.
I was bom in the house I now live in.
I went to school at the little school over
there when it was just a one-r0onl
school, and after the war, I came back
to raise my crops and my family like
my father did and his tather before him. You see, I like this lif'e. I've seen what life in the city is like, so I'm
not just some ignorant country boy. I don't v'out Io clunge.I'm a farmer. and that's all I ever wanted to be.
ln you
Unfbr-tunately, it seems that these days if you don't go to change then change will come to you, and thitt's
exactly what's happened here. in this village. You see, it seems rents are getting a little too high over there
in the city, so those rich fblks have all decided to come out and live in the village. I suppose they think it's
quaint. They like the small town chann of the place and the peace and quiet.
What they don't seem to understand.

however. is that by moving out here
they're ruinin-r everything they tind
quaint about these villages. This little
town has doublecl in size over the last
ten years, as all of them fblks corne
4*
out here to build their bis. fancv

houses. And they use up so much land! I've seen so much good, arable land get developed over, just so
some rich doctor or computer programrner can have a second home firr weekends and summer.
The tacilities here just weren't designed for this many people. There's only one roacl that comes into the
town, and it's jr-rst a little two-lane roiid that winds its way past the chapel, then through the town sqllare.
Well. it just can't handle all of the traffic that goes through here on weekends now, and on some Sundays
you have to go through hell and back just to get to chr-rrch. The same thing goes lor our town store and the
school.
But the worst part is that with all of

these rich people coming in here. the
price of everything has gone way Llp,
especially housing. Landowners are
seeing that they can get more money
by renting or selling to people from
the city. and now youngsters from
get
place
when
married, just so some city-slicker
to move out to
they
tarming families don't have a
-eood
can have a second home. It makes me sick, I tell you. I say, let the city folks stay in the cities, and leave the
countrv to us!
82
who n
what I
descri
n
lil
I
r,T
at
,l
nead the text and answer the questions below.
listening.
Find a word that means the following:
lliving
life.
e in,
What does Billy think about the following things?
r
I
r
r
r
r
attractive in an old-fashioned way
follows a twistino course
r
r
r
appeal, attraction
grew larger
good for farming
like
l
I'm
hat's
k it's
people in the village

life in the village
Does Mark agree with him?
establishments that provide basic services

for a place or activity
In pairs, act out a conversation between Mark and

the author of the the text on the previous page.
-l
a
b
c
d
e
tisten again and concentrate on the meaning of the
lollowing expressions.
In your own words, discuss in pairs.
o be.
there
Mark's house
built over
over
oom
back
Rnrrw the following questions according to the
How does the author feel about his home
a large wicker chair
and his lifestylee
a small shack
How does he feel about cities?
on the outskirts
Why are more people moving from the

cities to the country?
in the sticks
in the middle of nowhere
How has this affected farminq in the

area?
a bit of peace and quiet
How has the village changed since people

from the cities stafted movino into it?
a game of dafts
I|t fn3i
a nice old bloke

the weirdest thing
You
will now hear an aflluent professional
who moved to the village from the cily talking about

what life in the village is like. How do you think his
description will differ from lhat of the farmer?
Write a sh0rt summary of the dialogue using some of

the above collocations.
o the
uare.
rdays
d the
all of
e the
ry up,
rs are
toney
from
from
The Modern Village

village shop
nonorrl ctnro
minister
nouse and grounds
light industry
gentry
smithy
peace and quiet
nouveau riche
orge
slow pace of life
c0untry squrre
craft workshop
minimal
p0IIeIy
agricultural wages
local industry
labour labourers
manual
casual
mrgrant
traditional crafl
CNUTCN
cnape
vi
,e the
recto r
car
prest
kirk (Scots)
icker
basic facilities
seaso na
backward areas
retired couples
outsi ders
lord of the manor

fo rester
woodcutter
i lumberjack (US)
gamekeeper
poacher
marn r0a0
bypass
subsidised development
nimby (Not In My Back Yard)
. TOWN & COUNTRY.
83
THE MODERN CITY

I
I
Describe the nicest neighbourhood in your (nearest)
city or town. What kind of people live lhere?

What kinds of houses and services does the
neighbourhood have?
Now compare this description to the worst
neighbourhood in your town or city.
at
Are
rt
J is:li
Read the questions below and try to predict
lhe answers. Then listen to the recording and check if

you were right.
1 The speaker says that homelessness can be
blamed on
there homeless people in your town or city?
a
b
c
the breakdown of families.

the economic situation.
hnmolocc
2
3
nannla
i v.
YvvH
The speaker in the following exercise has some delinite
views on the homeless. Many people might disagree;

imagine you are one of them and make notes t0 give an
opposing speech.
a
b
c
d
they're drunk all of the time.

they don't want to.
they're too dirty.
they have mental problems.
should be in institutions.
put an unnecessary burden on their families.
make up only a small percentage of the homeless
population density
CENS US
'
holiday resort
provincial industrial town
"
are like brothers to him.
high-rlse estate
qu
vandal ism
slide
green spaces
parks
greenbelt
sandp it
wide, straight streets
"
narrow, winding
gasworks
built-up area
cemetery
town centre (GB)/ downtown (US)

commercial centre
on the outskirts inner city
cathedral (makes a town a city)
community church
church hall
community centre
mosque (for Moslems)
temple (for Hindus and mainly
Buddhists)
gurdwara (for Sikhs)
synagogue (for Jews)
barracks
Dre\/Very
graveyard
ileys
Types
names of streets
avenue
office block / skyscraper

police station / headquarters
alley
multi-storey car-park
out-of-town shopping centre
hypermarket
economically and socially deprived
shabby housing
housing estate (GB) /

neighbourhood (US)
^^"i^^^
gdt
uuilJ
lane
r0w
te rrace
embankment (GB) /
riverside drive (US)
resce nt
bou levard
shanty town
neglected area
road
atea
afca0e
square
C I
[CUS
Ovr
The
Noi
Bec
suc
IOV
Bec
inte
high street (GB) / main street (US)

blind alley / cul-de-sac
npdpctrirn
nroninnt
PwUUJL||uLIyIwv|||vl
warehouse
slum
esti
questir
ghetto
climbing frame
cnnrtc nnmnlov / nonfrp
h^r^î^^t
uutdiltLdt
council estate (GB) / flats

/ housing project (US)
adventure playground
market town
art-gal lery
UHe
aTo
graf{iti
rayg r0u n0
suburbs / suburban sprawl

ribbon development
'
10
b
c
d
amusement park i tuntair
busker (GB) / street musician
coastal town
community.
The Modern City

/
seeing them sleeping around the train statron.

being asked to buy alcohol for them.
the use of taxes to pay for homeless programmes.
that society neglects people with mental problems.
He says that homeless people with mental

oroblems
harbour
He says that the main thing that annoys him is
a
b
c
port
He says that homeless people don't have jobs
a
b
c
d
Are there any organizations working to help them?
seaboard town
socrety.
Decause
Where can you find them?
Urban'geography'
t}
Rei
a w0rd
Ber
ne
pro
aaaaaaSateaataaacaaaaaataaaaaaaa!aaaaa
aa
rred
ict
leck if
$ Read the text on the right and find
a word that means:
a
a
or animals
t
t
2
3
4
5
6
7
things that make you very
8
9
clean but lifeless

money and materials
grow
already paftially built

run away from
crowded
change in direction
10 lack of care
mes.
ems
! nere are the answers to some

questions.
Try
questions.
-1
blo
I
I
a
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
f
g
Over the last thifty years.

They don't look very nice.
Noise, pollution, and violence.
Because so many people live in the
suburbs and have to use them to get
to work.
Because they are cheaper and more
interesting than the suburbs.
Because they have the money

needed to deal with the inner city's
problems.
I
II
I
I
t
l
I
I
I
I
tI
I
ffi
RETURN TO
THE INNER CITY
a,
oa
* Over the last thirty years. a migration took place in most major .
I American cities - a migration away from the inner cities. As :
al
. cities expanded in both population and size, many people have .
I decided to move away from city centers and out to the suburbs. :
! There were many reasons for this change. Probably the most :
!6'aimportant was the opportunity of owning a house in the :
* suburbs. Every day construction companies built more tract .
o'a
o homes: cheap and often prefabricated houses which, although .
at
r not very beautiful, were economical and within reach of r
! middle-class families looking to own their own house.
:
aa
to work out the aa

r Economic considerations,
To find affordable housing.
I
I
a
a
o
a major movement of people
unnappy
a
b
c
d
e
a
a
a
a
a
.
.
.
tired
living
of
in
cramped
and
expensive apartments, !
!
pollution.
surrounded
by
noise
and
Another
major concern was :
!
' safety. With crime, especially violent crime, on the rise in many :
s American cities, many people decided that the inner cities were .
I not a safe place to live, especially if there were children :
J involved. Thus much of the upper and middle classes fled the :
aa
* inner cities, leaving the poor to inhabit the city centres. .
::
. In recent vears, however, some American cities have seen a r
a'
I reversal of this trend. As more and more people move out to :
! the suburbs, the freeways and public transportation systems :
a,a
i that take these people to their jobs in the cities have become !
! overcrowded, leading to all the miseries of heavy commuter :
! traffic. Many of the suburbs have also become more expensive :
! to live in, while the apartments in the inner cities have dropped .
a'a
o somewhat in price. Also, the suburbs can often be sterile, .
I boring places, faceless blocks of tract houses and shopping :
I malls with no cultural life or entertainment. The result of these :
! factorr is that some middle-class professionals have started :
I moving back into the city, bringing with them the resources :
I and the initiative needed to revive the run-down city centres :
' and help deal with some of the problems that decades of poverty :
e and neglect have brousht about.
.
ra
however, were not the only reasons
oa
s for the migration to the suburbs. Many people were also trying
o,t
I to escape the negative aspects of the inner cities. They grew
. TOWN & COUNTRY.
85
WASTE DISPOSAL AND OTHER SERVICES

I
I
+*t\:$s
r .
-:
i:
town council of Crustyville is going to debate
the following proposal. Does your city olfer any of these?
TIIE TOWN COUNCIL OF

CRUSTYVILLE
will
today hear a motion to rework the

Crustyville Waste Disposal Centre to make it
more environmentally friendly. Some of the
an old ripped shirt
lawn clippings
proposed changes are:
newspapers
food that has gone off
empty mayonnaise jars
plastic shopping bags
a broken plate
junk mail
plastic bottles
at
garbage pick-up
dustbin day (GB)

(US)
dustcart (GB) /
garbage truck (US)
rubbish dump (GB)
/ tip
incinerator
scrap-heap (GB)
junk yard (US)
bottle bank
fire brigade (GB) /

fire department (US)
fire station
fire engine (GB)i fire truck (US)
s
street sweepers
illegal dumping
litter-bin (GB)
/ trasn can
toxic waste
waste relrigerants
(US)
home f ilters
extension ladder
sanitation, department of sanitation
({i
re)hose
hydrant
Overcome Dy sm0Ke
SEWET
(in){lammable' non-inflammable
sewage disposal plant

maintenance personnel in unilorm
in plain clothes
fire-resistant fabric
"
fireproof material
lnnrl nnrrnnil hrrdnot
rat
lluorocarbons
lax enlorcement of regulations
verm i n
to damage the ozone layer
unhygienic conditions
packag i ng
chemical runo{f
plastic bags
iren
ladder
gutter
street cleaners
to dial 999 (GB)/ 911 (US)
fire extinguisher
drain
ski p
Emergency
Services
fire escape
floods
hosepipe ban
waterworks
public lavarories
polystyrene
CTOSS
2rn
a mus
a depr
garoen nose
biodegradable
switcl
a stre(
available reserves
metered water
styrofoam
Uow take a role card from your teacher and act 0ut the
meeting.
dry spell
t0 recycre
fly-tipping
(to) litter
algae bloom
(US)
straigJ
secon
oppos
pass ,
a railr
town reservoir (the dam is the wall that

holds it back)
nr.
73 bu
Water
drought
sti
the
2. Sening up a recycling centre which would

take old f'urniture & appliances and fix them
up for sale later.
annual rainfall
dustman / waste disposal operative

(GB) / garbage collector / man (US)
it's
then a
get or
get of
.f
garbage can (US)
close
Ask hil
Wtrat do you think is better lor the inhabitants ol

lowns - should services like waste disposal, water
supply or fire brigade be private enterprises or is it
more advantageous il they are run by local councils
or euen by the state?
dustbin (GB)
it's hi
1. Placing recycling bins outside the disposal

centre.
3. Making a separate section for wood &

garden cuttings, which could be turned into
farming products such as mulch or compost.
How would you expect household rubbish to be

dilferent in 1950 and today?
Waste Disposal
1*
asks y
directir
empty tins of soup

beer bottles
potato peelings
:'
fn,
Going through the rubbish, take a look at lhe

contents of one household's dustbin.
Which of these items could be recycled, reused, 0r
put to use in a better way than being thrown out?
roilets
not enough inspectors
conveniences
ASKING AND TELLING THE WAY

lebate
hese?
-1
You are in Prague, crossing Charles Bridge. Atourist

asks you the way to the Castle. Give him the appropriate
close to
ir
he
/ next to
it's still a lon-e way away

the number thlee bus goes past it
straight orr
second leli afier the lights
o1-rposite
pilss .... on yoLlr ri-qht and you can'l rriss it

then ask again
get tln the l 6 bus at the square
-set off at the fburth stop
switch over to / change / transf'er (US) to the
73 bus
cnrss the briclge / street
at
_tl
out the
fale turns asking
the way and giving directions, using
the map and the expressions below.
directions.
it's half--r,vay along this street

I
at
Ctroose another city you and your partner know well.

Ask him/her to tell you the way lo some places there, e.g.
rriilway station
a musellm
a street nrarket
a departnent store, etc.
Example:
ls it a long way to...?

Can you tell me the way to ... . please?
Excuse me. How do I get to
...
Can you help me, please? l'm lost.

I seem to be lost.
ls this the right way to ...
Could you show me on the map where ... is2

Do you know where
... is?
ls there ... near here?
Oescrine the way lrom your school to somewhere in

particular and let your classmates guess where you are
going. This is best done in groups of three to five students.
The most complicated description is then presented to

the class.
. TOWN & COUNTRY.
87
at
CRIME AND PUNISHMENT
LN
ctimel
neaO the following story and
fill
right.
in the correcl verb forms.
The story begins one day when Ms Barlow
(kidnap). She 4
two sons, aged 8 and 12,3
7_(begin),
(give) the police a description of the
(rell) rhem that he 6
kidnapper and 5
(tell) them that her
(call) the police and 2
(use) her car to escape. An extensive manhunt
and the police finally 8
(apprehend) a young man, Mr Houlbrooke, and
(charge) him with the kidnappings. The police's case against Mr Houlbrooke was, however, very
(can) only prove that he
weak. They 10
ll
(be) innocent and even L5
(insist)
(produce) an alibi fbr the tirne of the kidnapping.
(confuse) the police was that Ms Barlow 17
What further 16
(lurk) around Ms
(see) 12
Barlow's neighbourhood, and there was no sign of the car or the two boys. Mr Houlbrooke 13
that he 14
10
(not contact) by the
(ever make).
kidnappers and no ransom demands 18
3to
(act) strangely, but the police just 20
Throughout the ordeal, Ms Barlow 19
(think) it
was due to the stress she was under. Then. the police sot a break in the case. Two fishermen
charges against Mr Houlbrooke 30
3l
(have) a long history of mental instability, and the state
(distinguish) between right
(acquit) of the murders of her two sons and 40
psychiatric hospital, where she
(ask)
(plead) insanity. Several witnesses
(pronounce) her medically incapable of 38
and wrong. She 39
each r
The fo
(release) from custody.
(portray) Ms Barlow as a monster and 33
tbr the death penalty. Ms Barlow, however, 34

(testify) that she 36
35
(charge) with two counts of murder, and the
(drop) and he
At Ms Barlow's trial, the prosecutor 32
psychiatrist 37
(cover) it
(make) up the whole story 27
(immediately arrest) and 29
up. She 28
4,,
punisl
(confess) that she
(break) down, and finally 24
(kill) her sons and then 26
25
(find')
(be) the bodies of the two young boys. At this point.
Ms Barlow's car in a river. lnside the car 22

Ms Barlow completely 23
21
about
the pe
4l
(send)
tcr
(stay) for two years. Now, only three years after the whole case
42
(begin) and after 43
44
(live) in the same house where she 45
(serve) no time in prison whatsoever, she
5B
a cour
pe0pl
they sl
(kill) her two
(raise), and 46
SONS.
Grime and Punishment

,
counsel lor the defence

atrto y,
nrnconiltnr
ururw
vvwvurvl
in plain clothes
mugg I ng
in uniform
n0-90 area
"l'm afraid to go out alone at
night
police corruption
flying squad (GB)
Jury
SWAT (i.e. special weapons and tactical

squad) (US)
guilty
bent coppers
perj u ry
policeman
bobby
copper
c0p
on the beat (GB) /
on patrol (US)
police car
patrol car (US)
/ nick (coll ) / collar (coll.)

(US coll.)
arrest
book
'
not guilty
criminal
csll in a jail / gaol / prison

crime wave
to appear ln court
organised crime
the accused in the dock
undermanned
magistrate
recru itment
JUdge
the underworld
WitNESS
professional criminals
lawyer
juvenile delinquents
panda car
so licito r
hooligans
detectlve
barrister
lager louts
88
lollowi
crooKs
You
vandals
rt
I
lllarcn the following names of
ffimes to their descriptions
on the
right.
L
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
at her
lnt
d
ry
Ms
rslst)
rping.
fight.
murder
blackmail
robbery
manslaughter
drunken drivins
rape
burglary
mugging
assault
kidnapping
A man goes out on a date with

have sex with him.
A man comes home to find his wife in bed with another man.
He sneaks away, gets a gun, then shoots and kills both his wife
and the man.
Two men go into a jewellery store and force the manager to

give them all of the jewellery in the store. They are caught
trying to get away. No one is hurt. Both men have a long
tt
it
Now give the velb used to talk

about each crime and the name ol
the person who commits the crime.
find)
?r)
the
In small groups, decide what

punishment should be given to
each ol the criminals.
The following verbs can help you.
to be sentenced to
to get a jail sentence of
to put sb behind bars
to get away with
to release sb on bail
_(ask)
right
ase
Below
is a
a woman and later forces her to
Two men abduct a rich businessman's son and demand one

million dollars in ransom for his return. The men are caught
and the boy is very scared but not physically hurt.
k)
During a fight in a bar, one man unintentionally kills another

man. The man who got killed was the one who started the
diaglam of
a courtroom. Say who each ol the

people are, what they do and where
criminal record.
A man gets involved in a car accident after running a red light.

A breathalyser test shows that he has been drinking heavily.
Both of the people in the other car are hospitalised.
A skinhead beats up
a young boy outside a dance club. The
skinhead has a history of violent crimes.
A young man breaks into an apartment and steals some

valuables and a television. No one is hurt. The man is a drus
addict and was stealing to buy more drugs.
Two men take pictures of a local politician picking up

a prostitute. They threaten to release the pictures to the press
the politician does not pay a certain amount of money every
if
month.
A homeless man beats up an old man and takes his wallet. The
old man is not seriously hurt. It is later shown that the
homeless man has serious mental problems.
they stand / sit.

r tlvo
l
I
jury
judge
public
barrister
/ defendant
dock
witness box
accused
You can also use some

following verbs:
ol
the
to be accused of
to plead guilty
to defend
to testify
to be under oath
to rule
. TOWN & COUNTRY.
89
TOWN & COUNTRY

I
I
The expressions on the left are used to talk about crime. Match lhem with their meanings on the right.
a a police informer, especially a narcotics agent
1
black money
b smuggled, stolen or illegally offered for sale
2
black market
c to steal
3
revolving-door (justice)
d to trick
4
a questionable payment
to help yourself
grifter
to help / assist the police (with their
inquiries) (GB)
e
f
g
bootleg
narc
h
i
j
5
6
10
I rn,
cash made illegally or not declared for tax
con man, trickster

to be in custody for an offence for which you have
not yet been charged
IO COn
untaxed, unregulated, and often illegal business

bribe
unduly lenient and ineffective (justice)
TT
| Insert the following wolds into the text below.

PROPERTY WANTED
STOLEN URBAN
DIRECT ACCESS
ll'n,
Police radio-communications systems, which profited considerably from the advances in electronics during and
CRIM
MISSING
RETRIEVAL
after World War ll and from developments in the U.S. space program, also benefited from the development of computers,
which made possible the quick
11
of information on
persons, and other police intelligence. Many 14
13
properry,
12
may
centres now use oolice cars
sysren
to departmental computers and contain equipment capable of receiving printouts of
that have 15
atarm
orders and lists of wanted persons or 16
However, the augmented flow of information has placed an

vanery
added burden on existing communications systems.

telephr
| tru the fottowing
verbs into groups according t0

g0
their meaning. They
together with either the noun
C0URT (a), or with the noun CRIME (b).
||
l\f
tn'rn of the totlowing verbs Gan be used with the

word FIRE (a) and which with the word WATER (b)?
24
bring under control
18
25
catch
19
to keep down
26
contaminate
20
to
to
to
to
take sb to
27
draw
hear evidence
28
wipe out
29
extinguish / put out

pour
30
spreao
21
22
23
increase
/ reduce
a sentence
P()LIC
to address
to encourage
17
lll,
their
/ pollute
TOWN & COUNTRY

T
The expressions on the left are used to talk about crime. Match them with their meanings on the right.
funny money
private enterprise
oolice officer
criminal
rip off
cash that cannot be spent openly
copper
laundered money
black market
under the table
carry the can / take the fall
known to the police
5
6
7
8
9
10
get undeserved punishment while the culprit goes

free
cheat
involving bribery, secret
having a criminal record or be suspected of crime
anti-social
illegal trading by an employee
funds improperly acquired made available for

open spending
illegal dealing in restricted goods
CESS
ll
rg and
CRIME
lnr.rf the following words inlo the text
)uIers,
)perty,
e cars
ruts of
:ed an
FIRE
STATIONS
below.
PATROL
CARS
AIRCRAFT TRANSMISSION
MOBILE
In a large city, the sources of information that must be fed into the central system are remarkably varied. Police
may be on foot or motorcycles, in
, in patrol boats, or in
11
system must encompass links to 13
12-.
ambulance services, traffic-control systems, rescue teams,
alarm systems, emergency utility seruices, crime-information systems, and 14

variety of fixed and 15
In addition, the
laboratories. A
systems are used, including radios, television (including closed-circuit),
telephone, teletypewriters, and facsimile 16
ith the
r)?
ITT
|||
Sort the lollowing verbs into groups according t0
their meaning. They g0 together with eilher the noun

POLICE (a), or with the noun CRIMINAL (b).
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
lV
Which ol the tollowing adiectives can be used

with the word ROAD (a) and which with the word STREET
(b)? ll there is an opposite, give the opposite as well.
to combat crime
24
back
to commit crime
25
counrry
26
dead-end
27
28
29
private
quiet
30
ring
to take to crime
to reduce crime
to fight crime
to perpetrate crime
maJor
to prevent crime
. TOWN & COUNTRY.
91
SIGHTSEEING
3*'
1
MY FAVOURITE CITY
wnicn of the following cities is
your favourite, or the one which you

would most like to visit? List all of the
reasons why you'd like to visit that
city.
Tokyo New York London

Cairo Prague Paris
Janeiro
Beijing
Francisco
Sydney
Rio de
San
I first fell in love with Paris
when
these things don't stop rvith the
I was backpacking around Europe.
Renaissance. The Parisians have such

a sense of style and taste that they've
It's hard to explain what exactly made

me fall in love with this particularcity.
It wasn't just the typical charm and
romance of the place. By the time I
arrived in Paris I'd been travelling for
a month, so I'd seen plenty of

charming and romantic places. As a
matter of fact, I was starting to get a
little sick of it. I had spent two months
dragging myself from one museum or
cathedral to another, going through
town after beautiful town. until

I realised that I was no
longer having fun. It
wasn't
truly managed to blend modern art

trends into the classical ones quite
beautifully. I remember going into the
courtyard of one beautiful old

building, the name of which I never
map. This building was obviously

hundreds of years old, and yet it was
filled with modern sculoture
tourist
feet. The mix of the

classical and the
modern was
breathtaking.
wonderful, too, which

was quite a surprise, in
I would get when I

walked down the
of
old
Venice or
Sienna, the f-eeling that I was walking

in a dead city. Even the big capital
cities didn't f-eel as if they had made
their way into the twentieth century.
They f'elt more like big museums
dedicated to a golden age that had
passed and would never return.
Paris, on the other hand, was like

a breath of fresh air. It was full of life,
fl
How does your home town
compare with these cities?

Does it have any of the things that
these other cities have?
it
have anything special and

unique that these cilies don't have?
Does
92
teeming with it. It jumped through the

window of my hostel every morning,
waking me up with the cries of street
vendors and rubbish collectors and

passers-by. Of course Paris has all of
the cathedrals and museums that you
would expect fiom a European capital
city. The diff-erence is that in Paris
I'll
The people were
reputation for being unfriendly and

snobbish. I think that people mistake
confidence for snobbishness.

Parisians are tiercely proud, not just
of living in Paris, but of being
Parisian. They aren't just sitting
Thr
b
',,/light of the fact that

Parisians have such a
strange, stufty feeling
never forget it.
churches I'd seen

- it was something
different. It was the
rr.lj
\s"*.*.*$
2By
and
water beneath your
the
and
cobblestone streets
had an incredible modern

fountain that sprayed
desensitised by
of
Eu
knew because, at the beginning ofmy

stay, I had decided to exchange the
hostel's tourist map for a regular road
becoming
paintings
1Th
a
fatigue
all
4rn
Thr
b
I
I
I
a
driv
lore
sou
towr
around trying to sell you Eifl'el Tower

paperweights and cheap souvenirs.
They're always on the go, on their
way to their jobs and their cultural
events and their homes. The city

doesn't live for tourism; it has a lit'e
of its own. It earns a lot of money
from tourism, but you feel like there's
so much lit'e and economic activity
that
if
one day all of the tourists
stopped coming, Paris would

somehow manase. And Ibet it would.
lffi
la
I
I
fine
burt
l'*
PLANNING A TOUR
at
.f
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
B
I
th the
'e such
ley've
)rn art
; quite
nto the
rl
old
nevef
;of my
rodern
r your
rd the
was
g.
I'll
lt.
wef e
which
rise, in
t that
cha
ly
and
lndividual travel
Guided tours
For
For
Against
The author feels that Paris is different from the other

European cities he visited because
a it does not have the oldjashioned charm that the
other cities have.
other cities have more cathedrals and museums.
Paris is more of a modern city.
the other cities were not caoital cities.
By the time he arrived in Paris, the author
had become desensitised by seeing too many works

of art.
was tired of seeing villages and towns that were only
quaint and charming.
was stading to regret taking his trip.
was tired and needed a rest.
c
d
of the
When you are sightseeing, do you preler guided tours

0r going 0n your 0wn? What are some 0f the reasons fo]
and against each option? List them below.
Against
rrayed
fascination, attractiveness
extreme tiredness
to reduce or destroy the sensitivity of
lacking fresh air or ventilation
to be full of or swarming with
to form a harmonious comoound
a feeling of reliance or certainty
vehemently, very strongly
to meet one's needs with limited resources
Choose the best answer.
b
c
d
,r rOad
iously
lt was
re and
Read the text and find a word that means the following:
z---'.
f. tsJl You will hear a conversation between Mike,

a tour guide, and his friend John. Mike talks about a
tour he recently led through ltaly. Below are s0me 0f
the words from the story. Before you listen see il you
can predict what Mike is going to say.
disaster Venice gondolas canal

hospital Florence heat pensioners
temper menus hamburgers
The author feels that Paris' special appeal lies in its
a
b
c
d
large collection of museums and churches.

economic and cultural life.
modern art exhibits.
vibrant people and atmosphere.
The writer feels that tourism
a
b
c
d
is not the main concern of most Parisians.

rs not an important pad of Paris' economy.
causes more harm than good.
is resented by most Parisians.
How would you desuibe Mike's tour group? How would

you have dealt with the situations Mike talks about?
nistake
Sightseeing
hne
driving up prices
monastery
foreign currency
souvenir / gift shop
town hall
public buildings
SITEEIS
field guide (to plants or animals)

hreknrnr rnd rpcprrnh
s.
just
being
rot
sitting
conve nt
narr0w
/ winding
memorial
twisty
Tower
monument
cobb led
venirs.
fountai
n their
astronomical clock
rultural
prague c0rumn
ortitications
clty gate
]e clty
ancrent
SIAIU E
s a lit-e
historrcal
sculptural group
med iaeval
IOMD
building of historical
catacomb
money
there's
rctivity
ign if icance
ourlsts
modern building of particular

architectural interest
would
fine residence
would.
burgher's house
aristocrat's house
remains of old town walls

f
lookout tower
rUlNS
historical skyline
cultural heritage
pri ce less
art
national treasure
Planning a Tour
national park
Preparati on
arboretum
guide book
formal / ornamental gardens

safari park
theme park
tourist information
isneyland
local knowledge
route planning
stately home (GB) /

mansion (US)
off the beaten track
clubland / to go clubbing
red-l ight area
site of (pre)historical interest
Priorities and objectives
battleground
speciallst map
reference library
phrase book
to wander around alone

guide / courier
nn
nnanh inrrr
v,, ua nrridod
vu,uvu
conducted tour
package tour
party ol tourists
historical re-enactment
scenic viewpoint / panorama
homes of the famous
ronnnqtrrrntinn nf neqt lifp
i tourist fatigue
desensitisation
overload
. SIGHTSEEING.
93
TOUR SIGHTS
6t'
tr
I
I
.l
Write a similar speech lor a tour of your city or

another famous city you know well, using some of lhe
Have y0u ever been to London? ll so, talk about the

place you liked most. lf not, talk about whether you
would like to go there, and what you would most like to
lollowing expressions.
see if you did.
Presenl your speech to the class.
fl
fountain astronomical clock

plague column palace convent monastery
abbey fortifications c0bbled streets city gate
catacombs cathedral basilica castle
town
/You are a tour guide who has been hired to take a

group of pensioners around London for their first time.
Usually, your tour would cover the six places below,
bul because yourtour group is a bit older, you willonly
have time to see four of these places. Decide which
places you want to visit, then write your welcome speech
lo your lour group, in which you tell them about the day's
programme. You will lind some uselul expressions in
the box on the following page.
arboretum
red-light
zoo
hall
Br,rckin-shan Palace. London hor.ne of the royal
fiulily.
Piccadilly Circus. the hub of London's ni,qht
Soldier
bctwee
tribute
this po
propol.l
ccntun
In the
rvhich
choir s
su rfout
tou, local town council has just announced that it is

going to spend more m0ney on tourist lacilities such as
oligina
the chc
public toilets, tourist maps, and even a promotional

campaign to advertise your city in magazines abroad.
Do you think this is a good use of money, or could the
One o1
u'indor
Rnswer the following questions:

How has tourism allected your home cily or
a major city in your country?
collections.
St. Paul's Catheclral. lar-ee cathedral with
wonderful statlles ancl carvings in stone. wood.
Are lhere certain nalionalities who are better tourists

than others?
Whal image do people from your country have when
they travel abroad?
What London sights are missing in the picture below?
Tower Bridge. huge mechanical bridge. bLrilt

in the late l9th centr"rry, which can be raisecl to
allow boats to pass on the river, symbol fbr all
bounci
r,r"indor
festot'e
did wh,
Muvin
(,1). Be,
dating
Italian
in the F
British
ol thc
real of
rvhich
of London.
\$
theatres
money be better spent on other projects?
British Museum. holcls some of thc worlcl's
&
s,
park
ancl iron.
district
IInln
scleen
fi nest archaeolo-rrical and etl-rnographic
botanical gardens
amusement
safari park
art gallery
Upon
IS
tclclcd
Big Ben and Westrrtinster Abbey. thc nrost

fitmous church in Britain. Kings irncl cplcells
cror,vned here. Most royal weddings take place
lif-e. with good places to shop and eat.
park
theme
concert
here.
hall
ol arm:
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tota
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paur
IOSI
lOu ir
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obsc
oate
lF
fl
;ity or
ol the
nead through the following guide to Westminster Abbey and lind the numbered features on the map.
WESTMINSTER
ABBEY
Upon entering the Abbey from the West Door, the visitor
is immediately confronted by the Grave of the Unknown
srery
Soldier (1). Located in the middle of the centre aisle,
y gate
between the two rows of ancient oak pews, the Grave is a
tribute to those that died in the First World War. From

this point it is easy to appreciate the great height and
ns
proportions of the nave, which was constructed over three

centunes.
park
In the middle of the nave stands the beautiful choir screen,
which hides the choir from view durins services. The

choir screen's exquisite thirteenth centuiy stonework is
sunounded by newer neo-Gothic omaments, which were
added in the nineteenth century. Directly above the choir
screen is the present organ (2), which evolved from one
at it is
uch as
rtiona
originally built in 1730. During senices, the sounds of

the choir and the organ seem to come out of the walls,
bouncing off of the vaulting and arches in perfect waves.
broad.
rld the
One of the Abbey's most striking features is the rose

window (3) in the back wall of the south transeot. The
window's magnificent stained glass has recently been
restored, so that its colours now shine as brightly as they
did when it was first constructed in the fifteenth century.
Moving past the transepts, we come to the High Altar
0urists
r
when
elow?
(4). Behind the High Altar stand beautiful painted panels

dating from the thirteenth century, and on the floor is an
Italian mosaic of the same date. To the rear of the Abbey,
in the Henry VII Chapel, are the tombs of the most famous
British Monarchs. The tomb of Elizabeth I (5), on the left
ofthe chapel, is located directly opposite the tomb ofher
great enemy, Mary, Queen of Scots (6). Finally, in the
rear of the Chapel is the tomb of Henry VII (7), upon
which sit two small stone angels holding Henry VII's coat
of arms between them.
WEST ENTRANCE
Tour Sights
City tour
city charter
to take sb round
it dates back to
to start at
through
via
on our way to
to drop in at
to give a place the
0nce-0ver
to have a quick glance
r0und
pause for refreshment
to take a quick break at

to stop
stay over in
cnancel
cand lestick
belf ry
CTOSS
late
to be rebuilt
partly restored
crypt
crucif ix
Gothic
(flying) buttress
^+î^^n
^t^^^
Jrdil
ruu urd)J
neoGoth ic
renovated in the Gothic (etc.)

style
vault
column
Renai ssan ce
rdil voutUilu
fresco
baroque
the original building burnt down
vestry
c0r0nna0e
rococo
'
dates from
was destroyed
demolished
Church and cathedral

Orthodox
cnurcn
Protestant
abbey
parish
Catholic
iche
Styles
early
Baroque
Rococo
Romanesque
choi r
nave
stations of the cross
Art Nouveau
aisle
basi I ica
Tudor
rransepl
rotunda
Georg ian
pe!V
nilnrimrno qitp
Regency
shrine
Victorian
ont
obscure origins
bishopric
pu lp it
foundation stone
dome
altar
date of foundation
tower'spire'steeple
altarpiece
. SIGHTSEEING.
95
SIGHTS
neaO the following text and put back the following expressions.
RICH
IN
DATING
FROM BANK
HUNDRED
Rear
SPIRES TAVERNS HOUSING ESTATES
Pri
The Vltava River cuts a nodh-south path through central Prague. On its left (west) bank are located the Royal
Gardens, Hraddany (Prague Castle), and the Mald Strana ("Lesser Town"), which is blanketed by gardens and parks.
Theright(east)1-oftheVltaVaisdominatedbytheStar6M6sto(..o|dTown,,'2
the12thcentury)andtheNov6M6sto(,.NewTown,',14thcentury).Bothare3historical monuments and churches, which account for the description of Prague as the "city of a
4-.,'ThenarrowStreetS,sma||5-,andcosyreStaurantSoftheo|dersections
contrast with the broad sweep of Wenceslas Square as well as with modern parks and housing developments. New
6-,forexamp|e(referredtoas..towns,,),havebeenbui|tontheperipherytoaccommodate
the majority of Prague's population.
ll
|
the 2
rococo
neoclar
5_
sprung
ll*
7
Two texts from tourist leaflets have been mixed together. Soil them out and provide them with titles.
The Argyllshire gathering has long been one of

the highlights of the Highland Games season in
The Royal Palace of Falkland is a 16th-century

Renaissance palace, with attractive gardens
and the Royal Tennis Court, built as a country
residence for the Stewaft kings and queens.
Visitors will see the exquisite chapel, the
fascinating Royal Tennis Courl - the oldest in
Britain - and the Royal apartments.
Oban Games take place at Mossfield Park,
Oban, and start with the traditional march to the
Games Field led by the Stewards of the
Argyllshire gathering, accompanied by the
pipers competing in the light music competitions
on the Games Field.
Mary, Queen of Scots, spent many happy days
at the palace playing the country girl in the
parkland and woods.
Today Falkland still prospers while retaining its
character, which makes it such a tourist
13
Scotland.
9
10
11
'12
14
15
16
17
1g
19
events.
20
attraction.
||
21
22
23
24
25
96
Sorr
There are piping and Highland dancing

competitions, traditional heavy athletic events,
track and field athletics, hill race, tug o' war
competition, fun races, and other attractions.
A well-thought-out conservation policy has seen
a restoration of the palace and the inclusion of
craft shops, a weaver's cottage, tearooms,
restaurants and hotels.
Meals and snacks are available on the field.
It is hoped that the Golden Lions Team will
make a free{all parachute drop during the
Games, weather permitting.
Falkland is now a conservation area. On a walk
through the streets, the visitor will spot many of
the features that make the village attractive.
lf you are fond of things truly Highland, you will
find them at the Oban Highland Games.
Admission price includes the programme of
In the town hall, across the street from the
palace, an innovative exhibition describes the
history of the building.
words have been changed in the lollowing sentences. Find them and replace them with correct ones.
As early as the ninth century, mention was done

of a castle in Blois.
The Count of Blois, who owed Tours and
Charlres, rebuilt this castle in the middle of the
tenth century.
In 1230 the heritage was handed over to the
Chatillon family who continued the conversion of
the castle.
The earldom of Blois was bouoht to Duke Louis
d'Orl6ans in 1391.
The young Duke Charles was caught prisoner
by the English.
26
27
28
29
gO
ln 1450 he retired to his castle in Blois and

organized poetry games in which everyone
could take olace.
Frangois Villon came to the yard of Blois and
participated in the competition.
The main wing looks over onto the front
courtyard.
All these buildings, in the same style, were
conducted over some ten years.
The castle was latter the venue for festivals,
love stories, endless dramas, and intrigues.
10
11
12
13
lll'
21
22
24
25
SIGHTS
I
Read the following text and put back the following expressions.
ANCIENT
CORE BAROQUE GOTHIC ROMANESQUE CLASSICAL CEMETERY
Prague,sarchitectura|treaSUreSrangefromthe1-(the10th-centuryChurchofSt.George)through
ll
the2-(St.Vitus'Cathedra|andTfnChurch)tothe3-(theVa|d5tejnandC|am-Ga||aspa|aces),
rococo(theGo|z-KinskfPa|ace),4-(theBediichSmetanaMuseumandtheBe|vederePa|ace),and
neoclassical (the National Museum and the National Theatre). The Old-New Synagogue and the Old Jewish
5-_Europe,so|dest_testifytothestrongJewishtraditioninPrague,spast|ife.Newbui|dingshave
tons
lew
)date
SprungupinandaroundPrague,butthe6-ofthecityhasbeenpreserved.
ll
|
Two texts from tourist leallets have been mixed together. Sort them out and provide them with titles.
The lsle of Skye is a powerful attraction

visitors from all over the world.
Many are drawn by its legendary beauty, and

some of the wildest mountain and coasta
scenery imaginable, while others come in
search of family roots - for over the centuries
many Gaels have made new lives overseas.
)NIS,
IT
'ls.
14
Skye has suffered Norse invasion, bloody clan

rivalry, the ruthless torching of townships and
the banishment of their people in crowded
emigrant ships.
'15
ln the 19th and 20th centuries, the cathedral

was increasingly seen as the national church of
Scotland, and its many monuments reflect this
period.
St Giles is a place to pause and think; a place

where the Christian faith is exolored and
enjoyed; and so it has been for many centuries.
16
There are usually people available in the

Cathedral who can give further information.
10
This is the High Kirk of Edinburgh which has

been for over 1000 vears the citv church of
17
11
Common to all who visit us, however, is an

appreciation of life's finer qualities, in particular
the warm hospitality that is traditional here.
But through it all, Gaels have nurtured a sense

of independence - today their language
flourishes, and the fragile system of crofting
continues to texture the landscape.
18
For sheer enjoyment, relaxation, quality

accommodation. suoerb cuisine and warm
hospitality, few areas can match Skye.
19
No wonder it remains one of the foremost

holiday destinations - for people in the know.
20
We hope that you will find here help and hope,

encouragement and inspiration.
i seen
rn of
Edinburgh.
IWAIK
Lny
to
12
of
In the Middle Ages it became a collegiate

church reflecting the growth of the capital
of
Scotland.
u will
13
cf
In the 16th and 17th centuries, St Giles'was at

the centre of the Scottish Reformation, led here
by John Knox.
TTT
||
| Some words have been changed
Ine
21
tes.
22
f,
E
lnd
23
24
25
Lls,
)s.
in lhe lollowing sentences. Find them and replace them with correct ones.
The incursions of modern oatterns of life have

done much to weak the traditional arts,
entertainments, and customs of regional and
rural Germany.
Less so in southern Germany, where the older
arts and customs have perceived concurrently
with a gradual adaptation to a modern, urban
pattern of life.
The young still dance around the village
mayrod, but they also dance to the disco beat.
The woodcarvers, violin makers, and gunsmiths
of Upper Bavaria continue, under great
economic oress. to follow their trades.
Pheasant women in the Black Forest still wear
elaborate costumes known as Tracht on festival
days, not to amaze tourists but because they
have always done so - yet these are the areas
in which the tourist industry is most highly
develooed.
26
27
28
29
30
Some customs have all but disappeared in the

villages: older women seldom bear black
dresses and scarves nowadays; and the village
men no longer appear in top hat and cutaway for
a funeral orocession.
Popular festivals still abandon in the west,
southwest, and south, the regions that have
clung most to the practices of a traditional,
preindustrial age.
Near-heathen usages such as the donning of
elaborate wooden masks during the pre-Lenten
celebrations in the southwest remain unaffected
in spite of being televised.
In Roman Empire areas, hundreds of people
march in full procession on Corpus Christi Day.
What is remarkable is not merely that these
traditions survive but also that the homelier and
less celebrated of them remain truly genuine
and naive in their conservancv.
. SIGHTSEEING.
97
TRAVEL
1*,
but is
List al
the da
Which
TRAVEL ABROAD
2ro
box.
3":,":-h:l-,1o
on'
*Ji' n' I ;sot"7'
follow
|*
T/1,,I J*oin
3*'
right.
(American writer, satirist and world traveller, 1835-1910)
hear tl
them
I
I
mentir
Do you think Mark Twain was right? Explain your standpoinl and give
some examples.
4r''
involvr
In groups 0f four, talk about travelling abroad. Speak about your first
trips. Find out whose trip was the most interesting.
In pairs, tell your partner about the trip you would like t0 g0 f01 il you had the
time and money.
Then tell the other pair what you have learned lrom your partner.
al
il
Wtrictr of the following expressions can be used when talking about your
trip abroad?
In what situations might you come across them?
A
na
Travel Abroad
travel insurance
mi
to tour by car
holiday
insurance
checkl ist
passport / means of
identilication
booked in advance i reserved
cold-weather gear
'
by coach
'
by
public
Iransp0rr
package tour
work permit
travel literature
brochure
customs (inspection)
"Have you anything to declare?"
to travel ligtrt
to smuggle
swimwear
to take everything but the kitchen

to apply for a passporl
towel
high commission
rai ngear
to extend a visa
toilet articles
consulate
first aid kit
visa
embassy
alien
sink
immigration (control)
dr
rtiehlo nnndc
import tax
forbidden exports
i
noculation certif icate
basic medicines
entry
suitcase
tra ns it
r0 cnange money
hr rrprr r do nhrnnp
exrt
rate ol exchange
"
brielcase
holdall
rucksack (GB)
backpack
multipurpose pocket knife
(US)
multiple entry
restricted
penknife
valid for n weeks
walking holiday
to be refused a vrsa
ch
OU
dir
bu
ol.
JK
dc
sh
clt
bu
ec
ail
lor
arl
cn
to
OV
bo
SE
de
AIR TRAVEL
1
Many people are afraid of llying,

bul is this fear really well-founded?
List all of the dangers of llying and
the dangers of travelling by coach.
Which one is more dangerous?
ft
/
"Welcome on board. This is the captain speaking. We are now

flvins at 15.000 feet. In a short while the-flieht Ittendants will
be coming round to offer you a drink and soine light
refreshments."
"Would you like a window or aisle seat?"
"Yes. vou can buv another carton of cisarettes without

exceeding your duty-free limit."
Look at the expressions in the
box. Group some of them under the
"We are soffy to announce that flight 157 to Paris will be

delayed by thity minutes."
following headings.
F*F'-
"Please place all metal objects in the tray and step through the
metal detector."
at
.f
Read the announcements on the

right. ln what situations would you
hear them? Talk about them and put
them into order in the three groups
"Is the purpose of your visit business or pleasure?"
O
b
"After claiming your baggage at carousel 3, please make your

way to customs and passport control."
"Sorry about the bumpy ride there, folks. We ran into a little
bit ofturbulence, but if should be smooth flying from here on
out."
mentioned above.
Snut your book and list the steps

involved in a flight.
"Yes, we do have a discount ticket on British Airways, but

leaves on December 15 and not 16."
it
"Please fasten your seat belts and bring your seats to the full
upright position."
"We are sorry to announce that the flight has been

overbooked. If there are any volunteers willing to wajt for the
next flight, please make your way to the front counter now."
"We would like to bring your attention to some of the safety
features of this aircraft."
"Please have your passpofis and boarding cards ready as you

come to the sate."
Air Travel
duty-free goods
to land / touch down
to have one's flight called
transit lounge
national airline
major carrier
to board the piane

qort holic
fecton
,uurw, r vnr
wulrr
charter
non-smoking flight
to hilack
to be taken hostage
prane crasn
baggage (re)claim
budget flight
to take off
discount tickets
on takeoif
mid-air collision
bucket shop
Aircraft
stand-by
to be airborne
to climb - lose height
domestic flight
reclining seats
shuttle
air hostess
club class
jet engine
jumbo 1et
steward
ai
business class
economy class
air terminal (in town)
flight attendants
fuselage
long-term car park

arrival board
"
departure board
check-in counter
to check in
overbooked flight
captain
stewardess
pilot
ai rl i ner
rbus
pr0pe iler
cabin crew
smooth " bumpy journeyi flight
tu rbo-p rop
turbulence
short-haul transport
ai rsi ck
i
n-f
I i
ght entertainment
diverted to
rnprqnnie trtncnnrt
uuvw,uv,ilw
Uu,,wyw,r
qr
light plane
ST0L (short takeoff and landing)
helicopter / copter
boarding card
security check
delayed
wr
to be held in the stack
cockpit
0epanure r0unge
on tne approacn
ngs
. TRAVEL.
99
SEA TRAVEL
I
I
wilY
Read the advertisement on the
lill lhe gaps using
right and
the
guides
land
lLo
kind
WIIil TOU GIT GO IO SUTilTR Oil

[ $ro0ilr $rlril8 lurunY GRUr$ 0]
board
ports
Princ
rilr EnEII rsl[tlf s
ru ins
at
LBelow are the descriptions of a
66uple who took the iruise. In
pairs, try to lhink of what they
Luxury Cruise Lines' spring
season has now begun, and we're
th(
wil
an
th(
kicking
24
the year off with a bang with a special offer on a fabulous
thought of the cruise and some ol

the things that might have
happened to them on the cruise.
round the Greek Islands. Come and 2
likt
with us through the beautiful green waters of the Mediterranean,
Then role-play a conversation
no
where summer comes a little bit sooner and a whole lot hotter! We'll
between them.
Mary Prescott
fell in love with the Greek lslands
at
4_
Shini
on seven beautiful Greek Islands,
r6(
will show you timeless

, romantic wilderness, and exciting cities.
where our knowledgeable tour 5
when she travelled through them

as a college student and has
always wanted to go back
wants to get into really close contact
with the culture and meet the
people
Discover the joy of languishing in
a romantic
in
an
en
col
waterfall, or shopping
in a small seaside open market.
Mc
But not all of the action takes place on 7
hates tourist areas, prefers finding

olaces off the beaten track
one w
YOU
words below.
cruise sail dock

cabin suites liner
wlll rOR surrrn r0 G0rr r0
You'll find
rol
everything you need to feel at home on 8
had never been on a cruise ship

before
Luxury Cruise Liner. We have a wide range of comfortable
Paul Prescott
has been working extremely hard,
Shelr
accommodation, starting with the economical single or
and going
double 9
just wants to relax on his vacation
and enjoy some nice weather

doesn't Iike hurrying from one hotel
to another and trying to deal with
people who don't speak English
TO
all the way up to
bttr
As for entertainment.
luxurious
each
th
11_has
full
nal
nol
a fitness centre and several
swimming pools, as well as casinos, bars,
isn't particularly interested in Greece,
and showrooms. So come ioin the tun.
but knows that Mary loves it

likes the idea of spending some time
on a ship as it reminds him of his
days in the navy
summer:
ano sall oII Into
/&
an(
John
sul
nol
at
.I igpi
Now listen to a conversation between Paul and Mary. How close were you to what they actually said?
kit(
Sea Travel
Some types of vessel
yacnt
boat'ship'liner
sailing ship
0cean liner
sailing boat
cruise ship
ferry (boat)
lifeboat
R0R0 (roll
on roll
tug
h
ove rc raft
hydrolo i
merchant ship
cargo ship
paddle steamer
I
lau nch
not wanted on voyage

(about goods)
/ tall
ship
fishing boat
pilot boat
car ferry
o{i)
Th
Embarkation
port harbour (GB)
"
harbor (US)
quay (side)
O
OCK
narD0ur arm
gangway / gangplank
bonded store
bonded area
cabin " double cabin

sleeping berth
to be seasick / vomit /
throw up
tn nof nnp'c cor lonc
tn lnqp qinht ni qhnrp
stater00m
I ounge
to leave on the next tide
to sound the siren
to drop
Voyage
rough passage
to heave to in a storm
freak wave
smooih crossing
to come in to port
to dock at
to lower the gangplank
rass-car m
psll
pitch
huge waves
" weigh anchor
to ride at anchor
to moor to a buoy
in nhrnnp enr rrqp fnr
to raise land
to disembark
to set foot on dry land
oul
the
lAt
I
I
I
I
luxL
five
fam
II
I
tfi;
ooq
serl
hoa
I
I
I
bact
chal
mot
6
/
I
I
Look at this page from a travel book and say what

kind of person each place is most suitable for? Which
one would you rather stay at?
Prince Hotel A luxurious hotel situated directly
in
the centre of town. Spacious rooms, equipped
with satellite TV, phones, hydro-massage baths

and fully stocked bars. The restaurant is amongst
the finest in town, and room service is available
24 hours a day. Friendly receptionists and staff,
Shining Coast B&B A three-hundred-year
One moment, please.
fullv booked on the
I'm sorry, I'm afraid we're
15th.
Yes, I'm quite positive. We are hosting a convention

that week. But there are vacancies on the 16th.
A
B
Fine, the sixteenth then. And will that be a single or
double room'J
old
the train station with free hourly shuttle service

to the airport. This comfortable, if somewhat
redbrick house located just outside of the centre

in a quiet residential neighbourhood. Come in
and chat over breakfast with Molly, the owner, or
enjoy breakfast in bed. The rooms are small but
cosy and decorated with a personal touch from
Molly's own family treasures. Good connections
to public transporl both to the city centre and the
beach.
Sheldon International Conveniently located near
Fill in the missing lines in the following dialogue.

Good morning, Sheldon International. How may
helo vou?
a wide range of services (including Swedish

massage and sauna), and little special touches
like a rose on every pillow combine to make this
hotel truly the best place in town.
ACCOMMODATION
No, I'm afraid all of the rooms with a view of the

ocean are doubles. The singles are mostly on the
other side, facing the gardens. It's still a lovely vrew,
thoush.
Fine, a single facing the gardens. And how long will

you be staying with us?
OK, I have you confirmed for a single room in the

rear courtyard for March l6th. Could I please have
your name and phone number?
sterile, hotel features tidy and economical rooms,
full fax and internet services, and a conference

hallwhich seats 300. The restaurant is open 24
hours, and the hotel also features a cosy tavern
Fine. Your room is reserved. and we look forward to

vour stavins with us.
and spacious lounge.

We have a shuttle that runs to the airport every two
hours. It stops just outside the international terminal.
Johnson Youth Hostel A lively atmosphere and

surprisingly clean rooms make this the best
hostel in town. Choose from two-, three-, or four-bed rooms, or take a cheaper bed in the dorms.
There's
B
A
You're welcome. Goodbye.
laundry service available, and a
kitchen if you want to save money by not eating
out. The cafe serves breakfast until noon and

the bar is open all night! A great place!
*or
role-play a similar dialogue for one of the hotels
described above.
Accommodation
camosite
luxury hotel
five-star hotel
family hotel
boarding house
washing, cooking, shower etc.

facilities
room and board
full board , half board
sellcatering holiday f lat

bed and breakfast (B & B)
self-cateri ng
high season " off-season
no vacancies x f00rTls free /
to be fully booked / be booked
single double room suite
penrn0use
youth hostel
backpacke rs
chalet (GB) / cabin (US)
motel
to check in , check out

to sign the guest book
to fill out a registration form
to call room service
manager
reception clerk
porter
vacancies
'
'
out
chambermaid
liftboy / bellhop (boy) (US)

doorman / commissionaire
c0ncre rge
. TRAVEL.
101
DRIVING
1
Put the following steps to
pulling a car out ol a parking space

in the correct order by numbering
the sentences.
*", into
tat<e
n
n
a Look at the following road signs. Compare them to the road signs in your
/
country and say whal they mean.
oa@
AM@A
the car
off the hand-brake
start the car
put the car into neutral
T check your rear-view mirror
put the key into the ignition
put in the clutch

put the car in first (gear)
n
n
I
I
put the car into reverse
reverse as far as possible
@NA@
rt
.f Here are the names ol the road signs. Match them with the symbols above.
indicate
cyclists only
steep hill
r0undab0ut
roadworks ahead
put on your seat belt
level crossing
no overtaking
no left turn
give way
n0 u-turn
no through road
slippery road
when there are no cars
coming, let in the clutch,

step on the accelerator, and
pull out
Ioru*some
stop
mole road signs and explain their meanings.
Driving
to top up the battery (GB)
to look in the mirror
multiple crash
to have a puncture
to indicate
to pull away
to change the wheel
to put in the clutch
spare wheel
to change gear
to give someone a lilt (GB)
to start the engine
to accelerate
"
decelerate
to reverse (GB)
brake
'
break the speed limit
pressure gauge
pass (US)
to service the car
(contact breaker) points
to skid
brake fluid
'
linings
condenser
to get into a slide

to have an accident
alternator and starter motor brushes
crash
minor shunt (GB)/

fondor hondor /l lQ nnll
\
\uv wwrr"/
fanbelt and cambelt

to change the oil
tn nhonlz iho trrro nroccrrroc
ootpu mp
breakdown truck
Maintenance and breakdown
brake pads
to overtake (GB)
fill up (US)
jack
to check and renew when necessary

(sparking) plugs i spark plugs
back up (US)
toolkit
a ride (US)
down
to put on the brake
to speed
have a flat tyre (GB)
tire (US)
to change u0
to observe
Lal
Amerir
motoring association (A.A. or R.A.C.)

to run out ol petrol (GB) / gas (US)
to have a flat battery
/ the battery
is dead
to break down in the middle of nowhere
to blow a luse
brake failure
engrne serzure
to overheat (in heavy traffic)

slipping " broken fanbelt
^^^.^ pdrtJ
^^.+^ // JpdruJ
^^^.^^
Jpdru
b
7
o
THE CAR
I
I
I y0ur
Label the car using either lhe British or the

American words as indicated below.
I
2
4
6
-.-'
love.
ry 16
_*_*___*_
17
18
-l
I
II
20
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
t
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,,)l|
IT
I
here
l
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The Car (Motor CarlAutomobile)

the
Btitish and Aneilcan tems fil

parts of a cat arc different.
An obtique (/) indicates
Anerican equivatent, e.g. b,nnet
the
hood
engine
bonnet
two'four-stroke engine /
two'iour-cycle motor
numberplate
sports car
steering
family car
disc " drum brakes

power(-assisted) steeri
hOOt
boot
/ motor
/ hood
sb/st
(luxury) saloon
to
hOnk One'S hOrn at
trunk
/ license plate
wheel
mirror i rear-view mirror
wino mirror / side mirror
geatleuer / stickshift
iour- ' {ive-speed (gear) box
automatic transmission
fender
headlights
rearlights i taillights
qnntlinntq / hprdlinhlq
rpu,"v,',r
/ "uuu"e"!u speedometer
bumper
foglights
J'e"urr
windshield
indinrtnrq
,',u,uqru,J // trrrn
ru"' cinnrlq
windscreen
rev counter
benCh
clutch
"
tachometer
bUCket
brake
SeatS
* accelerator /
(windscreen)wiper peoal
a^-^
rrtrrrr
estate car / station waoon
oas
piCkup
hatchback
motor caravan
RV (recreational vehicle)
'
limousine
air-conditioning
petrol / gas consumption
miles per gallon (m.p g
motor home
lorrv / truck van
articulated lorry ( artic')
iesel
Accessories
semi
towing ball or towbar
towing
hitch
fOUf_Wheel dfiVe
caravan
frOnt,rear-wheel dlve
trailer
roof
"
canoe
" ski
rack
. TRAVEL.
103
lRead the following description ol a car.

Which one of these four people would it be
best suited to?
FOR SALE: 1999 four-speed

Japanese hatchback in good
a middle-aged businessman
a family of four
to,
scene
the ve
condition. New brakes and clutch.
one is
Gets great gas mileage. Body

needs a little work. $1200 o.n.o.
third
you
th1
a farmer
a university student
2s
ttow match the following features to the type of car they are most likely to be found on.
eyewi
police
at
.l
Whose
accide
fold-down back seat

two-seater
lour-wheel drive
seats five
five-speed gearbox
automatic transmission
estrare car
en^rl'
rzT
3t''
truo-rcater
turbo acceleration
spotlights
se nter
extracl
ski-rack
great gas mileage
towing hitch
them t
drivir
tow bar
rU
sunroof
polished wooden steering wheel
iesel
leather upholstery
ch
dseat
extra-large body
f,f o* match each ol the three cars to one of the remaining three people in Exercise 2
and discuss why these are the best cars lor them.
clocke
Wtrat kind of car is most suited to your native country? Discuss the elfects ol weather,
road conditions, the price ol petrol, etc.
The Car
traffic regulations
the Highway Code
T-1 u
Road Code
ncti on
hairpin bend
short cut
dirt road
GIVE WAY
HALT IVIAJOR ROAD AHEAD
crash barriers
ROAD WORKS AHEAD (GB)
/ sharp curve (US)
motorway service area (GB)
solid
double white line
truck stop (US)

petrol station 0r garage (GB)
'
broken
inside
fast
"
'
crawler
'
middle lane
motorway (GB)
freeway
hiqhway
interstate (US)
tollroad (GB)
main road
si
turnpike (US)
/ trunk
road
twisting country lane
qas station (US)
DIVERSION (GB)
NO ENTRY
ONE WAY STREET
NO PARKING
greasy sp00n
REDUCE SPEED NOW
diner (US)
LOOK RIGHT
mOtel
TEIMPORARY ROAD SURFACE
drive-in (US)
car park (GB)
ROAD
DETOUR (US)
transport cafe
lay-by (GB)
deroad
roadside restaurant
hard shoulder
c0NSTRUCTT0N (US)
service station
overtaking lane
pu
(GB)/ YIELD (US)
graver r0a0
sharp bend (GB)

speed limit
otices
NO ROAD MARKINGS FOR 3 N/ILES

reststop (US)
parking lot (US)
lR,
I
warl
I
I
li rst
lire
|I
l(r
'oq'
cert
I
I
insL
driv
ROAD ACCIDENTS
I
I
Look at the picture of the

scene of an accident. One ol
(q\ J/)
the vehicles is a sports car,

one is an estate car and the
third one is a lorry. What do
you think happened?
fl
/-\
f. tElt
Now listen to an
t\
eyewitness' report to the

police. Were you right?
Whose fault do you think the
accident was?
ar
.l
The following parts of
I WOKE IJ'P THIS MORNNG N Ttm
driving under the influence

running a few red lights
insurance
double-parked
speeding
defective brakes
drunk tank
ran over
driving licence
-1
parking ticket
clocked me with a radar gun
had been drinking
tailgate
breathalyser
reckless driving
pulled over
IT
thumb a lift
pulled over by the police
I
I
I
]AD
;)l
I
I
I
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I
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I
I
I
cou1dn,tfindanywheretoparkatthebar,SoI2-andwentinside.WhenI
3_
on my windshield. Being a linle
I
it
bit drunk, tore up and drove away. In front of me was an old car that was driving
very slowly, so I began to 4_
it, hoping it would speed up. It probably
came out three hours later I found a
wasn't a good idea, as my car has
5_
and
I would not have been able to
stopifthecarinfrontofmehadstoppedsuddenIy.Finallythecar6-and
let me pass.
Alitt1ebitfurtherdowntheroad'Iaccidentally7-ahitchhikerwhowas
8_.
I hope he's all right.
Afterdrivingalongforanotherha]fhourand9-,Iwas10-.
TheyaskedtoSeemyl1-andproofof|2-.Iaskedthemwhy
trying to
I
askedthemhowtheyknew,theysaidthattheyhad13-.Theyttrenasked
they had stopped me, and they told me that I had been driving at 90 mph. When
me if
14-.
I told them to mind their own business, which made them
littleangry.Finallytheytookmedowntothestationandgavemea15test, which showed that I was well over the legal alcohol
16_117_
arested for
thrown in this room.
limit for driving. I was
of alcohol, and
18_,
Road Accidents
and
breatnalyser
to be pulled over by the police
warning triangle
road tax (GB)
first-aid kit
fire extinguisher
bald tyres
de[ective brakes, steering, etc.
radar speed check
spare bulb set
double-parki ng
learner (L) plates
certificate o{
speeding
ILES I
Slowly, as I sta(ed to wake up, I began to remember what had happened. Last night
was my birthday, so I decided to celebrate by going to the bar and getting drunk. I
I don't think I'll be drinking and driving any time soon. It's not that I've leamed my
Iesson. It's just that they don't have anv cars in iail.
II
WITH A TERRIBLE
HANGO\tsR AND NO IDEA WHAT I DID LAST NIGHT.
sentences have
been
extracted lrom the text. Put
them back.
1-
roadworthiness
(M0T)
i
ns u rance
drivirg licence / dr ver's
alcohol
- DWI (US)
driving under the influence of
license
driving while intoxicated

traffic police
-car (unmarked police patrol;
reckless / dangerous driving

to Jump / run the lights / go through
red light
to tailgate (US)
/ follow very closely
. TRAVEL.
105
PUBLIC TRANSPORT
I
I
about traflic in big cities. Could

this letter be talking about the
city you live in?
driveway
parking places
bumper-to-bumper traff ic
J;l,n
,nony pnop/n,
-! /rr" i," tk
h ,oorl, in tl-
brothe
centrn.
okrt *orl, of B:00
J/,lk
tli"l,
-9
p,rfl
L*/y
,ULt"
o op,;,g nnrning io
t/*
"ity-
t*o J,iun,r
argwinx
flLJ *itl,
to ut o,o*J Jriolrir,
-ff"",
, a con^rtr*ctio" o;t"
*l- gnt poil tax monzy
rush-h0ur
fender-bender
tk
lr.- .f t
,igk*o*
"no left turn"
oig^, fgl,.ti,g
congested
tt
*itl, L,nnJrnJ, l"lh* comntnter4 orn, tl*
"l
of rc-
ttrnnh onJ
You'rr
onry v
else
ir
Stude
You rr
ano a
partne
convir
hn o, t*olrn ouoilolr/n
JLa l"*$ ,ifuo/ a ,npnotnl t,ui.n
t2
exhaust fumes
but
inlornr
how yr
beforr
/*ngo.
"l-Lirg -,tr
3i,*l/y -l un *,7 e_
, ",J *9 lno,n tl- *r*L,kl *r,U
of tl* f,"",'^y. B*t t/* f^,', ,-t o,n, ydl W"* -l ga u op",J tL ,*,t 1,o,,
orornl tl* c
of /o*nh*n ttrno.tt, o
"ro*lirg
ôrn
exit
Gar an
Stude
"ro*ling
c0mmute
oulr^rh onJ l.,o,n to
o*, lut ,ry Lr ort,,ol/y io,tr *r"L noolin, tl*o t/a. ]t o,ou,J 6'00,
oil of *y zh frr" tl* l-,,o, of ,
b"ffr. JL ,* t l-r, ir rpent
tl*rrL *r1", f o-
ottl*dnofos
road workers
travel
nrnry Joy
f//"J *;tl,
0ne-way
llm
}.,oo CJ;b,0,
Read the following passage
, Ly, fi"" Jotr "
*nnlr, o// ,trno, lorg.
S*rnly
rl
t/,ern
**tt ln o l,nttn, *oy. Pnrlopr if *n...
lWhat can be done about tralfic? Take a look at these suggeslions, and lhen write down some advantages and
disadvantages for each suggestion. Make sure to mention how you will pay for them.
Build more roads and freeways
Make more car-pool lanes
Make the centre a pedestrian zone
Transport
Public
coaches
(GB)/
intercity buses
"
the tube / underground
subway (US)
automatic turnstile
ticket machine
Mlnd the gap
local
fare stage
zone
requesr srop
fares
flat rate
per kilometre / mile
discount fares
student card
season ticket
rusfr hour
Belisha beacon
traffic jam / stuck in traffic

gridlock / complete standstill
exhaust fumes / pollution / smog
accident / pileup (GB) /
lollipop lady / man

pavement (GB) / sidewalk
/ curb
(US)
(US)
car wreck (US)
road (GB) / pavement (US)

subway (GB) / underpass (US)
"bendy' bus
/
/
cloverleaf junction
roundabout
spaghetti junction
fork
T-1 unction
urban clearway
underpass . overpass /
junction / crossroads (GB)
intersection (US)
pedestrian precincl
sleeping policeman (GB) /
green)
traffic lights (red amber,

to laywalk
pedestrian / zebra crossing
speed bump (US)
to be knocked down by a car

to be hit by a car
passers-Dy
to overtake (GB) / pass (US)

to have one's car towed away
towaway area
llyover
pass
lmprove public transport

Give petrol and fare discounts
to people who use car-pools
^^,;^^h crossrng
pelrcan
^.^
kerb (GB)
guIIer
bus stop
articulated
Build more parking lots

Make more one-way streets and
synchronised tratfic lights
I nne
traffic warden (GB)

parking meter
parking tickel
wheel clamp (GB)/ boot (US)
stiffer penalties for traffic offences
signal malfunction
contrafl ow
oncoming tralfic
n
lin
l.;
Itr
l',,,
TRAVELLING BY TRAIN
I
I
lmagine that you and a friend have been planning to

travel around Spain and France this summer in your
brother's car. Now your brother says that he needs the
car and you can't take it. You don't have a lot of money,
1:00
but you want to make the trip anyway. Read the
p"ll
information leaflet about the Multi-Rail Pass and discuss

how you could do it.
r
t
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I
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t
T
Student A
You're really worried about money, so you think the
only way to do it is to hitchhike. You've done it
before, although on much shorler trips. Anything
else is just going to be too expensive.
raulna
n,
tl*
l*o,lJ
I
I
I
I
t
I
I
a
t
I
t
I
I
t
ll,
I
a
-t
SAVE ON MORE THAN JUST TRAVEL
t
I
T
I
T
BUY THE NEW MULTI-RAIL PASS
I
I
I
I
AND EXPERIENCE EUROPE LIKE
t
I
NEVER BEFORB
t
I
I rlttlrttttrlr:lrlrrrrrlltlll
t
I
t
I
)unts
-pools
!
I
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I
I
es and
I
CHOOSE YOUR OWN PATH
I
Our unique zone system allows you to pay for x
just the countries you are going to visit, and not I
I
the whole of Europe. After all, why pay for a
!
fare to Moscow if you're not planning on going :
there anyway. Choose from a one-, two- or three- !
I
I
zone pass, or go for the Europe-wide Pass.
I
Whichever way you choose, it's a bargain.
a
With your Multi-Rail Pass you'll also receive,

free of charge, the new Euro-Youth Card. This
card offers discounts on everything from food to
:
accommodation to museums and cultural
t
events all over Europe.
I
ry5 a
t
I
I
I
Student B
You really don't want to hitchhike. lt's inconvenient
and also really dangerous. You think you and your
partner should buy Multi-Rail Passes instead. Try to
convince vour friend.
THE NEW MULTI-RAIL PASS

Thinking of travelling around Europe this
summer? Well, if you are, then the only way to
go is on the new Multi-Rail Pass. This pass
allows you to travel for free on all major train
services in Europe, giving you the freedom to
explore what you really want to see.
t
I
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t
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T
I
!
I
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II
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T
l
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!I
'l
I
Travelling by Train
guard's van (GB)
caboose
(US)
ticket inspector
conduclor
luggage van
railway police
train
mail van
communication cord /
left-luggage department /
ice goods train (GB) /
emergency cord (US)
carriage / wagon
lost property ol{ice / lost and found freight train (US)
wagon-lit
engine
sleeping
carriage
diesel
ticket
barrier
ticket office / booking office
/
(automatic) tlcket machine turnstile
steam train / engine
upper " lower bunk
plat{orm
buffet car i carriage I
electric engine
single (GB) / one-way
D0 NOT LEAN OUT 0F THE
announcement
dining car
ticket (US)
WINDOW
seat facing the engine
newspaper kiosk i stand
return (GB) / roundlrip
EMERGENCY USE ONLY
coffee bar
to sit wiih one's back to the
ticket (US)
PENATTY FOR IN,IPR0PER
engine
to miss one's connection vending machine
(T.E.E
facing
backwards
{orwards
USE 50 P0UNDS
station
master
to
sit
trans-Europe express
i
)
porter
N0 ENTRY
corner seat
stopping train
N0 EXIT
engine driver
compartment
commuter service
guard
aisle ' corrldor
sleeper
main railway
staiion
passenger
off
. TRAVEL .
107
ON TWO WHEELS OR ON FOOT

I
I
at
List the advantages and disadvantages of travelling

on two wheels and on loot by completing the following.
When travelling on two wheels / on foot
.f
lmagine that you have a summer job as a guide in
a national park. Using some 0f the language from the

preceding exercise, plepare a talk t0 the visilors, giving
them instructions how they should behaue.
you
you
you
you
can...
must...
needn't...
may...
you won't have to...
you shouldn't...
you are sure to...
you mustn't...
you are not allowed to...
ft
Some lines in the following text are without a mistake,

others conlain one word which should not be there. Find
the mistakes.
I
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
l0
l1
12
13
14
l5
More people have come to appreciate it that
travelling by rail is the easy way to make the

most of their holiday. By travelling by fast,
comfortable and frequent trains, combining
rail travel with walking there and cycling is
a convenient way to have explore an area.
This specially produced leaflet introduces
a choice of scenic walks and cycle and routes.
The map inside shows the railway network and
the stations from which walks can be made.
When you are all visiting the countryside please
observe the Country Code: Protect the wildlife,
plants and trees. Help to keep all water clean.
Take your litter to home. Guard against risk
of fire. Don't make no unnecessary noise.
ln groups 0f lour plan a ftip to the mountains. One of

you is quite experienced and should tell the other three
what t0 take with them. You should also consider the
most appr0priate means 0f transp0rt and the most
suitable accommodalion. The "leader" of the group then
goes t0 another group and the members tell the "new
leader" about their plans. Finally, everybody jots down
the essential inlormation about the planned trip.
On Two Wheels or on Foot
motorcycle
pushbike (GB) / bicycle
saddle / seat
handlebars
chain
pedals
spokes
mudguards
tandem
pillion / passenger seat
panniers
to ride on the crossbar
to sit side-saddle
crash helmet
to walk (in the hills etc )
to trek / hike / backpack (in a wilderness area)
to hitchhike
to thumb a lift
108
to go camping
to make , break camp
to pitch a tent
inner tent
flysheet
tentpegs
mallet
guy ropes
poles
'
ridge pole
igloo tent
carry mat
groundsheet
"
built-in groundsheet
pup tent
two-person tent
sleeping bag
pressure x gas stove
to cook over a campfire

to sleep under the stars
Here
to for
Here are some interesting facts connected with travel. One word has been removed from each sentence
to form the crossword.
ride in
tm the
giving
1,
The world'$
4.
When petrol-powered
largest---
is the Boeing 747
_ first replaced those
drawn by horses, they were cailed horseless

carriages.
6.
The Japanese
_ employs uniformed officials
with white gloves whose job is to push
passengers into crowded trains.

One of the factors that brought the United
States into the First World War was the
sinking of the British

One of
three
ler the
r most
r
rp
then
| "new
; down
Lusitania which was
carrying Americans.
_ operates
10, canoeing, speed racing takes place
_
2. The fastest _ boats are catamarans.
13,
_ loses grip on wet road and
B.
The largest car and passenger
between Stockholm and Helsinki.

In
on
water,
lf a
its
rides
on a film of water, it is called aquaplaning.
15, The colour of all Model T Fords
16
tntas
_.
slalom racing canoeing takes place on
water.
17. In London it is the undei'oround, in New York it
2.
The Rocket steam

Stephenson in 1829.
was designed by George
3,
The engineering project opened in December

1993, shared between Britain and France, is
sometimes called the

Murder on the Orient
_.
_, the 1974 film
staning Albert Finney, was base on Agatha

Christie's novel.
U,
The first solo transatlantic
nL^J^^ | l^tL^,^
uildiluJ Lil ruutrtv.
9,
was made by
In 1947, Nonrvegian anthropologist Thor

Heyerdahl crossed the Pacific on the
Kon-Tiki
11. The firsttransatlantic crossing by hot-air
was achieved by Branson and Lindstrand in

1
987.
t4" The world's
steepest'rack'_
is in
Switzedand.
. TRAVEL.
109
TRAVEL
I
I
The following expressions are lypical of dilferent situations when travelling. Choose trom the following categories:
a-
air travel,
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
-train travel, c - car travel,
hiking.
Aisle or window seat?

Please have your ticket ready for the conductor.
Can I see your licence?
What stop are we at?
How much hand luggage is permitted?
Can you tell me where to get off?
lt's a stone's throw away.
For your safety, don't lean on the doors.
|',,
categr
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
You missed your exit.
When does the train get in?

ls there a layover?
2
3
Have a safe trip.
When does the next train leave?

Does this train go to the centre?
We will begin boarding soon.
4
5
6
TT
The lollowing expressions connected with lransport can be used metaphorically.

Choose which sentence they fit in.
TI
ENGINEER WHEEL
16
An advertisement is not simply a

message.
17
18
||
They grease the _

of the consumer boom by
allowing us to buy what we want, when we want
22
23
24
25
l\f
20
through
high interest rates which are designed to put a
on economic orowth.
16
We go skiing in the mountains each winter,

Things get into high _
there in November.
17
parts of these sentences.
We never even exchanged addresses. lt's like that

sometimes, when you travel a lot - ships that pass
in the night.
When in doubt, I follow the crowd. At least I don't
stand out like a fool.
He was getting on my nerves, so I told him to take
a hike.
Bad news travels fast.
Sometimes it is danoerous to hitch / thumb a ride
with a stranger.
root at this crossword and youl partnel
following page.
You have got the 'acrosses'lilled in and your
pailner has got the 'downs'. Ask each other for
clues.
will look
at the crossword 0n the
26
When I came back, my car was gone. I had

locked it and it couldn't have vanished into thin
27
28
29
air!
Get organised and stop running round in circles.
Fools rush in where angels fear to tread.
She likes to fly in the face of standard
proceoures.
30
What are you driving at?
18
lll'
21
22
23
24
25
26
IV,
will
lo
page.
your p
other I
Examp
Example:
Can you tell me a clue for number 5?
What's a clue for number 5?

Could you explain number 5?
Give me an explanation for number 5, please.
Can you say it again?
Can you repeat what you've just said?
Could you explain it in a different way?
110
VEHICLE GEAR BRAKE

19 There is no use trying to fight inllation
that business trip partly to escape

from the situation at home.
She had
| *p,r'n the meaning of the underlined
21
for its
Th
Can y
What'
Could
Give
pleas(
Can y
Can y
Could
TRAVEL
10fl8s:
I The following expressions are typical ol diflerent situations when travelling. Choose lrom the following
categories: a-airtravel, b-travel by bus, c-going bytrain, d-travel by road, e-hiking
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
ll
ugn
)uI a
lt's making a funny noise under the bonnet.

How far away is it?
Move to the rear, please. There's plenty of room in
the back.
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
You should try going stand-by.
Which line goes to the Museum?

Can I reserve a seat in advance?
You've got a long way to go.
rber.
r thin
)rrctes.
Will a meal be served?

My battery is dead.
When you get to the lake, go north.

ls there a dining car?
tnr
following expressions connected with transport can be used metaphorically. Choose which sentence they fit in.
GEAR
ENGINE CHAIN PUMP

19
clear of
16 Trying to avoid any encounter, we
TOP
17
18
The student uprising began the _

that led to the fall of the oovernment.
||
r0
Would anyone be interested in giving up their seat

in exchange for a free ticket?
ls this seat taken?
each other for a couole of davs.
r.
How much is the fare?

You missed the turn.
21
22
23
24
25
26
tlt
I lf
From that moment on his career went

- into
Small businesses are also

creation.
an
20
of iob-
STEER
It makes economic sense to upgrade the existing

rail systems rather than _
money into roads.
of events
rrprrin the meaning of the underlined parts ol these sentences.

He is driving me mad.
ship, but I can't stand it around here any more.
| am so busy that I don't know if l'm coming or

gorng.
Learning that one has been totally wrong aboul

something can really take the wind out of one's
sails.
Just lqll_ot L yeur nasc.

She's on the way to becoming a very good teacher.
They won't get it figured out
wrong track.
they are on the
| hate to be the one to desert / leave the sinkino
28
It is better to travel hopefully than_Lo__arlve.
29
Travel broadens the mind.
30
On the last day of school, all the children were

waLkjng on air.
Look at this crossword and your partner
will look at the crossword 0n the preceding

page. You have got the 'downs' filled in and
your partner has got the 'acrosses'. Ask each
other for clues.
Example:
Can you tell me a clue for number 2?
What's a clue for number 2?

Could you explain number 2?
Give me an explanation for number 2,

please.
Can you say it again?
Can you repeat what you've just said?
Could you explain it in a different way?
. TRAVEL.
111
FARMING
1'l
t,no rhe tollowing in the picture.
1*'
in your
in coo
Using the lollowing expressions speak about everyday lile on a
larm.
farmhouse
pasture
farmyard
fence
orchard
vegetable garden
barn
silo
pig sty / pig pen
stable
horses
henhouse
foreman
tractor
harrow
hens
field
Things to do
to plough
to sow
to reap
to mow
to gtaze
to feed
to slaughter
to muck out / clean up
to lay eggs
to make hay
farm-labourer / farm hand to rake
to stack
cowboy / cowhand
to
store
casual labour
veterinary surgeon / vet
tractor-driver
estate car (GB)
loose box
paddock
People on the farm

farmer
landowner
landlord
station wagon (US)

lorry / truck
ladder
to collect eggs
to shear sheep
2^,
shearer
shepherd
a w01t
rtc
Itc
r*.ih,frfr
ul
ni
fir
gl
la
a(
lla
lir
-'/
----
ttr
al
Ith
pl
"''ia]-pi
'
-'
'rl
rto
Isr
1,1
\.Qr
, rtr-
\\
F--<5<
-'-a\\
lal
=:"
Farming
hop garden
allotment
haymaki ng
Some staple
rye
earth
vineyard
kitchen garden
haystack
cr0ps
maize
arable land
Vine x grapes
market garden
grain elevator
wheat
hops
potalo
meadow
wine cellar
standing crops
srl0
0arey
cattle feed
rurnrp
cornfield
plotof
stu bble
oats
sugar-beet
soi
112
land
oil-seed rape
corn
root crops
MODERN DEVELOPMENTS
I
I
What kinds of Grops are grown

in your country? How are they used
I||I]I
nOil RUrilrE Oun G0umnr$rrfE
t0na
ran up
a word that means:
I
I
to leak down slowly

to make something
unhealthy by introducing
harmful substances into it
financial support from

governments
a law that makes a thing or

action illegal
large shrubs and bushes that

line fields throughout Britain
Over the last fifty years, British farming has become increasingly
industrialised, run by a small group of powerful corporations and relying
on machines and chemicals more than farmers and nature. Our environment
and our health are paying the price for agribusiness profits. It's time to
put a stop to the destruction of our countryside.
1. The use of chemicals in farming. Too many farms recklessly use
dangerous pesticides and fertilisers on their fields. These chemicals often
seep down into the groundwater and contaminate nearby rivers and lakes as
well as the supply of drinking water. Nitrates fiom fertilisers are especially
destructive, as they cause rapid growth in algae which chokes all other
plant and animal life in contaminated streams. We demand a retum to the
natural system of farming, goverxment subsidies to organic farmers, a ban
on the most dangerous chemicals such as DDT and phosphate fertilisers,
and strict penalties for farmers who dama_9e the environment.
2. The removal of hedgerows. Hedgerows are a vital part of our
ecosystem. They prevent erosion by holding the topsoil down
with their roots and protectins fields from the wind. and thev
provide shelter for the plants, insects and animals which make up
our ecosystem. We demand that industrial farms be stopped from
removing their hedgerows to make bigger fields.
3. Destruction of wetlands and forests. In their quest for ever
larger fields, industrial f'arms have been draining wetlands and
slashing down forests at an alarming rate. Almost 907a of Britain's
wetlands have now been drained for use as farmland. This
recklessness hurts not only us, but other countries as well, as it
the removal of soil by wind

and water
deprives migrating birds of their natural resting and feeding grounds.

We demand that the govemment move to protect
these sensitive areas.
tfre top layer of earth rich in

proteins and nutrients
is needed is a complete change in the way we

view nature and the world around us. We
to remove the water from
I
I
something that can be

continued for a long time
all over Britain
But these points are just the beginning. What
can no lonser afford to take the earth for

granted and expect it to keep providing
us with healthy food and water no matter
how badly we mistreat it. Join us in
our fight to make sustainable farming
the rule throughout Britainl
Modern Developments
monocu ltu re
government subsidies
overproduction
food mountains
wine lakes
health foods
cruelty in farming
battery house
battery farming f ree range
collective farming
famine
pel lets
market gardening
shortage
complete automation
land reform
ecological balance
chemical fertilisers
steroids
mechanised farming
factory farming
A]III ]ARIIIIRS' PARIY A]III
$0PlEnDu$rr$s
in cooking?
\\1
THT TARTII
common agricultural policy (between
"
normones
pesti ci des
artilicial colours
General Agreement on Tariffs and

Trade (GATT)
runofl
leachi ng
flavouri ngs
pests
Common Market (European Union)
organic farming
paras rles
nations)
. FARMING.
113
ANIMALS ON AND AROUND THE FARM

1r
Itg
I
I
Look at the pictures and tty to name

all the animals, using the vocabulary
Irom the box.
rl
f
First work on your own
with tl
that sr
than
tol
tol
and Y;-T..l
the \fuI-
fill in as many words in

table as you can remember.
Then work in small groups. By
asking queslions try to find out
to(
to(
tol
tol
the missing words:
tor
tor
Example:
What do you call male cattle?

What's the English for...?
What's a baby horse called?
Which product is typical of poultry?
LTh
make.
N"\
and
z------.\\
\'r\
|
|
ctl\
help.
\*<_t-H
1Fq-
$'t
anima
Some
one sl
c'o4v'
u,o'tfui
4*o
U*"1.
(tacat^
old
EiE
t&rl,
And
EIE
wirh
And
Here
every
Animals on and Around the Farm

cow
"
bull
hei{er ,
'
calf,
pl
pig
calves
bullock (GB)
steer (US)
/ ox p/
oxen
she-cat " tomcat, kitten

rabbit (in a hutch, for eating, a pet 0r a wild pest)
goose p/. geese x gander gosling
duck'drake'duckling
hen
'
cockerel (GB)
"
rooster (US)
hog (uS)
00nKey
s6!y*[s31*piglet
mare StalliOn' gelding' foal
"
bitch / {emale dog (US) ' dog '
sheep: ewe
'
ram
'
puppy
laffib
she-/ nanny-goat " he-/ billy-goat
"
chicken
watchdog
rret
fe
'
kid
geon
fox:
old x
EIE
vixen'dogJox
pheasant
And
partridge
EIE
Dunal0
etc.
<
THE SOUNDS OF A FARM

I
I tg3l Match the lollowing verbs
with the animals in the table. Note
lhat some animals can have more
{'/.'r/rrr,
{r-NL,
than one verb.
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
bleat
bray
cluck
crow
grunt
hee-haw
miaow
dog
{ooU,UnU.
cat
to neigh
to purr
to quack
horse
to squeal
to yap
to whine
to whinny
pig
cow
hens
to moo
rooster
'r
/Think of the sounds the animals

make. Fill in the right-hand column
and ask your leacher
if you
ducks
need
donkey
help.
sheep
goat
at
.f
wtatcn the lollowing names of

animals with the sounds they make.
Some ol them may make more than
one sound.
blackbird
cricket
bee
frog
mouse
owl
snake
hawk
Now sing the song!
Old McDonald had a farm
EIEIO
And on this farm he had a dog
EIEIO
With a bark! bark! here
And a bark! bark! there
Here a bark!, there a bark!,
everywhere a bark! bark!
Old McDonald had a farm
EIEIO
And on this farm he had a cat
EIEIO
fly
spa1Tow
buzzes
2
T
chirps
croaks
hisses
hoots
hums
sings
squawks
squeaks
twitters
ffitu
,-A
fr.f
*Y#K
etc.
. FARMING.
115
FARMING PRACTICE MAKES PERFECT

I
I Fill in the gaps, using one answer - 0,- b, - c 0r - d.
1 Horses were among the last species of _
to
ltl
II
cattle
pellets
sluds
livestock
a
o
c
d
3
been the degree to which specialization
castrated
champion
is called a gelding.
-,
pony
of beef cattle 15_______ (raise) in enclosures and
16_
(to feed) carefully
17-
by the tens of thousands are housed in special buildings
18_(control)
(feed) automatically with complex rations. Dairy herds of
hedge
cooo
up to 1,000 cows are machine-milked in
muckspreading
top-dressing
haymaking
scattering
I.
20_
ryt
lar
(milk)
a
b
parlours, and the cows are then individually 21
.l
(identify) and fed appropriate rations by complex electronic
22_
4_
(pass) directly from the
ca
cow into refrigerated bulk milk tanks and is ready for
cal
equipment. The milk
manor
sty
30f
environments and 19
ber
immediate shipment.
llt
IU
In the following metaphors, names ol domestic and
larm animals are used; s0metimes they change into
5As
adiectives or verbs. Some of them are olfensive. Decide

which belongs where.
sh(
b
DOG CAT HOUND BITCH

BULL PIG SWINE SHEEP
23
He gave them a
_ish
grin and admitted it had all
been a bad ioke.
the science or art of cultivating the

soil, growing and harvesting crops,
and raising livestock.
They were constantly _ed

by photographers; they
never had a moment to themselves.
mate of a cockerel/rooster
all the faith he expresses in women and their abilities.
young goal
Everybody knew that those foreign exchange fat
an establishment for the sale or

distribution chiefly of milk and milk
s were making a fortune at the expense of

others. (showing disapproval)
products
I know he has to make a living but there's no point in
10
two plants used for making beer
having a
11
a planting of grapevines
28
12
a white root crop grown for sugar
29
to cut the hair from sheep
You could hardly call him a male chauvinist
, given
6_
alc
7
SM
in tl
8_
9_
oer
vvt
10_
the
Incl
and then you die. (song)

_
It was a --eat--attitude.
of a job - it took us hours longer than
par
11_
als
we exoected.
In a
ll r'
Life's a
go up.
116
im
carves
dray horses
Supply the right words according to the definitions.
13
mi
be
(balance) rations
with
reached a heavily wooded region, perhaps some part

of the Gulf of St. Lawrence shore, and settled there
to engage in _,
hunting, and fishing.
IT
||
al
of
colts
puppies
They followed the coastline southward until they
a
b
c
d
2Mr
and the increased scale of farm enterprises. Large numbers
around a portion of this open land and thus prevent

the exercise of common grazing and other rights
over it.
by automatic equipment. Pigs by the thousands and poultry
To enclose land was to put a ______ or fence
a
b
c
d
14_(adopt)
stallion
oaddock
Young horses (foals) may be known as

(males) and fillies (females).
a
b
c
d
agricultural development since the end of World War ll have
A mature male horse is called a

or, if
used for breeding, a stud; mature females are
mares. A
Firl
1_
;
The two most significant changes in the pattern of
be domesticated.
a
b
c
d
I Fill in the right forms of verbs.
market many people buy shares and values
12
13
FARMING
I
I
:ern of
ll have
adopt)
rmbers
Fill in the gaps, using one answer
a
b
c
d
3
;rds of
I Fill in the gaps with suitable words.
II
In organic farming, weeds are controlled by intensive
cultivation of the soil by specialized machinery; by

mulching, where bulky organic material such as hay,
14
s_,
wood chips, or leaf mold is layered deeply
between 15
p_
known, the most
also moderates 16
I_,
organic farming uses massive amounts of
_:
_:
ies.
sheep
much as a forest "feeds" itself with dead trees, fallen 19
l_,
and the remains of animals and 20
Manure from animals is also used, as are fish wastes,
bullocks
livestock
cattle
buzzards
domesticated birds kept for eggs or meat
10_:
an acute virus disease usually transmitted through

the bite of an infected animal and typically characterized by
increased salivation, abnormal behaviour, and eventual
paralysis and death
I values
12-:
13_:
llt
a rich, humuslike material
ln the following melaph0rs, names 0l d0meslic
and larm animals are used; s0metimes they change into

adiectives 0r verbs (some of them are ollensive). Decide
DOG
HOG SHEEP
an implement used to cut, lift, and tum over soil

especially in preparing a seedbed
11_:
c_,
WATCHDOG
birds with a stout body, rather short legs, and

smooth and compact plumage; they exist in domestication and
in the feral state in cities and towns throughout most of the world
'than
i_.
which belongs where.
bulls
pigs
fowl
an implement used for mowing and composed of

a long cuMng blade fastened at an angle to a long handle
_:
9_:
allowed to decompose.
Supply the right words according to the definitions.
c_
relatively easy to raise in confinement and
and
sheep were artificially inseminated in the Soviet Union.
tt
temperatures and greatly
created when 22 o_______ material is deliberately
As early as 1936, more than 6,000,000
a
b
c
d
s_
reduces the need for irrigation). In place of chemical
seaweed, and 21
Suual
because of their size and the many ways in which their

carcasses can be processed into food and fat. They
are also quite efficient in converting feed to food.
rows and in pathways (mulching
organic matter to provide nutrients for 18
can be slaughtered with a minimum of equipment
Decide
.tn
TTT
17
important are Triticum aestivum, used to make bread;

T. durum, used in making pasta such as spaghetti and
macaroni; and T. compactum, or club _,
a softer
type, used for cakes, crackers, cookies, pastries, and
a
b
c
,f
-d.
hoos
corn
b icec wheat
d maize
4 _are
rdy for
, given
c 0r
badey
oats
Of the thousands of varieties of
)m the
s; they
family flours.
(milk)
ad all
b,
manulacture of vinegar, malt extract, some milk-type

beverages, and certain breakfast foods.
poultry
lic and
te int0
of malt for beer production. lt is also used in the
rations
ctronic
?,
1 _
are named according to their purpose, as hog
dairy _,
tobacco and tractor
a stocks
0 oarns
c oaters
o cages
grown in the world is used for
2 Most of the _
animal feed, but a special pure _
is the source
s ano
rildings
TURKEY SWINE
a young cow; especially one that has not had a calf
PIG
CHICKEN
23
Don't _
issue.
24
No decent people turned up at the meeting, just

a bunch of racist
.bhowinq
25
Although I trained for weeks for my first

parachute jump, | _ed
out at the last
moment. I was just too scared to do it.
26
Alien 3 was a complete

disaster of a film!
27
Look at them! Everyone waiting for someone

else to be the first to move. Stupid _!
around, please; this is a serious
disapproval)
28
_;
what a
Since the financial scandals in the government,

committee has been set up to keep
_
an eye on party contributions.
a
29
a planting of fruit trees, nut trees, or sugar maples;

also: the trees of such a planting
soft moist farmyard manure
HORSE
30
"...and there's me with stomach trouble and the

bus breaks down. The whole holidav was
ed by bad luck."
Hey! Don't
all the ice-cream! Leave
some for me!
. FARMING.
117
CLIMATE
4*
TALKING ABOUT THE WEATHER

N. B. Weather talk is paft of the British "Hello" - a simple "nice", "lovely" or "terrible, isn't it"
is enough to satisfy most needs in non-technical company. People who fly, climb, ski, fish or
do watersporis are, however, more serious about it.
I
I
What do the lollowing symbols on
a weather map mean?
6
/
\A
In small gr0ups, look at the weathel map

of Europe and write the weather forecast fot
-,Y; lt-Wr___/\ ililfuh"

wu/u///0 ilillhh
ry/{w
tomorrow.
Here is an example:
@@7
Here's the weather forecast for tomorrow.

It'll be hot and sultry throughout most of
southern Europe, with temperatures from
the low to mid-thirties. lt'll be parlly cloudy
in Spain, with some scattered showers in
the north. Partly cloudy also in most of
France and Great Britain, with temperatures
Wt
Practir
larges
of the
In gror
of thes
you ex
Then
map a
going down to the low twenties and even

as low as 17 degrees in Scotland. Germany
and central Europe will experience

scattered showers and temperatures in the
high twenties, so it should be pretty humid
out there. ln the north of Europe, we're

expecting steady rain as well as scattered
thunderstorms, with temperatures in the
high tens. And that's the weather for
tomorrow. Thanks for tuning in, and have
a nice day.
at
.f
Practise saying the weather forecast
using the map on the right.
Talking about the Weather

Weather forecast
temperatures Irom...to
reaching
beautif ul
ghastly
going down
around
in the high
Personal reactions
'
"
up to
low,..s
low lying " hilly areas

nrnlnnnpd qr rnchinp
scattered showers
steady rain
'
thunderstorms
light to moderate winds
cold
lovely
lousy
nice
horrible
freezing
Starting a conversation
temperate
Nice / Horrible weather we're

having.
oceanic
conti nental
hot/boiling/scorcher
insular
General description
molst
fair
dry
bright and sunny
extreme
wrndy
(in )h os
cloudy
ra
overcast
iny
mistY,foggY'smogOY
118
trop i cal
'
island
humid
arid
p
Bad weather, isn't it?

Lousy weather, huh?
What a downpourl
Lovely weather for ducks.
/ Cold enough for you? (ironic)

It's not the heat, it's the humidity
Hot
itab le
settled
changeable
un pred i ctable
Atlan
Bostc
Chicr
Dalla
Denv
Match the following sentences to the appropriate reactions and finish them.
"What's it like out?"

"l think it's going to clear up / turn out fine."
"Yesterday was a scorcher."
"We're in for rain (a storm)."
"There's not a cloud in the sky."
?r
" lt's not the heat, it's the...

" Yes, it's going...
"lt was over 30 ...

"Yes, indeed, nice weather
we're...
"lt's bright and
...
"Lovely day, isn't it?"
"The sun is ...
"A bit hot and sticky for me."
"lt's raining, windy
"Looks like rain "
"Horrible weather we're ...
Weather map activity.

Practise your US geography. Below are 20 of the US
largest cities. Dots are lound on the map locating each
of the cities. See how many cities y0u can identify.
In groups, talk about what the weather is like in some
of these cities throughout the year. In which region would
you expect snow in winter?
Then put the symbols from the preceding page onto the
map and tell someone the weather forecast.
...
Example:
This is the weather forecast for the South...
It will...
The weather will...
A cyclone will move from ... towards ... and along

the way it will push warm air in our direction.
Night lows will be between ... and ...
!t ig5
to {66
rs
to
iit
t\
{6s
Lss
aolso
[41
-j 12!
platt
Atlanta
Boston
Chicago
Dallas
Denver
Detroit
Houston
Kansas City
Los Angeles
Miami
New Orleans
New York
Philadelphia
Phoenix
Salt Lake City
San Francisco
Seattle
St. Louis
Tampa
Washington, D.C.
. CLIMATE.
119
RAINY WEATHER
I
I
at
Many cultures have traditional and sometimes

superstitious ways of telling if it is going t0 start raining
Rainy weather Gan often make people sad 0r
refleclive, and they use the weather to describe how

they feel. Look at the following expressions and match
them to their meanings below, then use them in a short
dialogue or story.
soon. Look at the list below and say whether these are
used in your country. How accurate are they? Gan you
add any others to the list?
Ants move to higher ground.

A halo or circle can be seen around the moon.
Frogs start croaking.
People with "trick knees" start to f'eel a stiffness in
their joints.
Cows lie down.
Swallows fly low...
I'm
1'eeling a
bit under the weather today.
2 I'll have to take a rain check on dinner tonight.

3 I've been saving this for a rainy day.
4 Il never rains. but il. pours.
5 I'll do it, come rain or shine.
6 Nice / Lovely weather for ducks.
7 Everything will be as right as rain again.
e$s
Bad things don't happen a few at a time.
Sick or not well.
Have
w0rds
them.
Exam
Cold
I like
Peop
Reschedule for a better time.

d
Reserve something for some future need.
can't do it now,
I'll
certainly do it later,
regardless of the situation.
tl
Very wet.
As it should be.
Use the idioms lrom exercise 3 in the following

sentences.
/Put
the following ways 0f talking about rain in order,

Irom lightest rain to heaviest. Translate them into your own
language.
tr
tr
tr
tr
f
o
b
a lf any of the kids felt a linle _,
they
were given a medical examination at bed time.
It's pouring (with rain).
Thanks
for the invitation. but I'll have to
lt's drizzling.
on it.
Now that you've won the money, don't spend
It's only a few drops.

Looks like there'll be steady
everything at once.
First I had my wallet stolen, then
rain through most of the week.
passport
e I'll
It's misty out.
tr
There are some scattered showers predicted for
lost my
give you an injection and you'll be

in a few minutes.
My grandfather gets up at five o'clock in the
morning,
today.
c
ch
frc
gr(
ho
ici
bli
al
Rainy Weather
rar n0
r0p
hai
SN
I
SN
squal
bli
dlzzle
steady rain
it's raining hard / heavily

it's pouring (with-GB) rain
rainbow
mist'fog"haze"smog
17
(rain)storm
nrn
in lho
r,,w nlnrrdc
w,vuvu
vuy
fre
thunderstorm
(clap of) thunder
(flash of) llghtning
forked lightning
showers and sunny intervals
SU
April showers
to
3i
",
sheet lightning
to be
to be
/ get soaked to the skin

/ get wringing / sopping
wet through
SN
wet
saturated
SN
SN
COLD WEATHER
sad 0r
re how
match
a
short
Have a look al the following word map and try to add more
words t0
it. In pairs compare your charts and talk about
them. Try to use some ol the vocabulary from the box below.
Example:
Cold weather can be quite dangerous because...

I like cold weather because I can go -ing.
People should / shouldn't...
ay.
rnight.
skofing
stedging
cornrnon cold
ACTI
cleoring the snow
VIfI
skiing outfit
E5
pneurQonlo
CLOf HE5
I LLNEsS E5
)d.
t later.
c-odt
edters
COLD WEAfHER
ice st
rrm
lowing
WEAfHER
therr
DANGERS
chitty rnornings
d time.
ave to
btoik ice
stippery roods
: spend
ost my
r'll
.
be
in the
Cold Weather
chilly
powdery snow
frosty
ground frost
crisp snow
hoar frost
sleet
ic ic le
melting
black ice
meltwater (in swollen rivers)
flurry of snow
pacKe0 snow
thawing
spring melt
thaw
snowflake
SI USN
snowstorm
rivers in spate (GB)

flash flooding (US)
blizzard
3 inches of snow in 24 hours

1
7 donrooc holnur zorn
/. uuru Jptrrl
- ^^t,.t
^^^tl
d
uuru ^^^^
Ji rdiJ / d ^^t,t
burst pipes
freezing point (0'C / 32'f)

q rhzorn fomnorrtr rroc
to shiver
tn c:lt rnd nrit thp rnrdc
frozen to the bone
snowfal
chattering teeih
to slip over
snOwpr0ugn
to skid
snowdrift
to slide (into)
. CLIMATE .
121
HOT WEATHER
I
I
1*'.
Fill the gaps in the text with the
corect verb.
the ocr
be lhe
replenish
dumped
had
l_
to end sometime. And
yesterday the heatwave that has been
2_
most of England for the
last three weeks went out with a bang.
It
parched
went along
tore
blew
institute
ripped
Thunderstorms and lightning

3_________the South, forcing
families to flee their homes as
reachi ng
emergency services
were
plaguing
overwhelmed with calls of fires and floods.
lashed
TheStorm4-acroSStheChannelearlyyesterdaymorning,
at
/find a word that means:

I a prolonged period of
2
3
abnormally hot weather
But most of the damage done by the storm was caused by lightning.
flooded
InLondon,anend-of-teITacecouncilhousewas6-apart
when it was struck by lightning, and in Hampshire a thunderbolt
a sudden overflowing or
influx of water beyond its
normal confines, especially
over land; an inundation
extremely and uncomfoft-
ably hot
large natural or artificial

lakes used as a source
water supply
of
6 Iimiting
7
bringing with it high winds, lightning, and rain. Lots and lots of rain.
Reports from Essex say that the storm 5_
almost four inches
ofrain on the country, causing heavy flooding throughout the area.
7-a15ftholeintheroofofablockofflats'Emergency
services were on
full alert throughout the day.
The storm follows three weeks of blistering weather that have
8_
the countryside and caused serious problems in the cities.
Withtemperaturesregu1arly9-themid-tohigh.thirties,
old-age pensioners and people with heart conditions were warned to
stay out of the sun during the hottest parts of the day.
Meanwhile, reservoirs were at all-time lows as the lack of rainfall
that10-withtheheatwavecausedfurtherspeculationabout
(persons or
provisions) to a fixed
water rationing
programs to deal with the drought. Authorities now say the heavy
amount
rainfall has helped to
the continuous absence
will be needed.
of
2*^
disaste
whether the authorities would have to
12
11_
w,i
disaste
the water supplies, and no rationing
rain; dry weather
Hot Weather
haze
sultry / close / humid
cloudless sky / clear sky
the sun's blazing / beating down / boiling (US)
glare
heat wave
in the shade
heat
to keeo to the shadows
122
shimmering air
mirage
mirror effect on roads
dust
that on
drouoht
cracked earth
suntan
{*'''
in your
melting tarmac
sunburn
heat-stroke
WEATHER IN GENERAL
I
I
a ski trip
a seaside holiday
a walk in the mountains
Christmas Eve in Europe
New Year's Day in Australia
sightseeing in a city
crossing the Channel
What would be the perfect wealher conditions for

the occasions and activities 0n the right? What would
be the worsl conditions for lhem?
going fishing
flying
no
ain.
hes
a Despite efforts by local inhabitants to stem the

rise of the river, the North River yesterday broke its
banks and spilled into several small towns. Rescuers
have been working round the clock to evacuate...
rt
Malch the news reports on the right to the natural

disasters lhey are describing.
Local reservoirs are at an all-time low. and
?4.
citizens in the area have been told to refrain from

watering their lawns or gardens. Penalties of up to
mg.
$100 have been set for anyone who...
lafi
ave
hurricane
f lood
tornado
landslide
drought
ies.
avalanche
rolt
ncy
leq
Jto
fall
rout
Write similar descriptions of the following natural
disasters and read them oul to your classmates.
Ling
avy
earthquake
mg
erupting v0lcan0
tidal wave
tsunami
famine
epidemic
Wnirn ol these natural disasters are possible threals

{ your
country? Tell a padner about a natural disaster

thal once struck your country.
in
Two skiers were killed and three others trapped

for three hours in the latest catastrophe to hit the
Ridgeville Ski Resorl this year. Rescuers tried...
d Although it lasted for only thirty minutes, the

twister managed to cause several million dollars
worth of damage, destroying a number of houses
and downing power lines...
e This small town was caught completely
at
.l
unprepared for the mass of dirt and mud that flowed

down off the mountains early this moming, burying
two houses and a local iunior school...
Residents across Florida have been preparing for

this latest stom, which has been working its way up
from the Caribbean and is exoected to touch down
somewhere nearMiami at 4:00 p.m. today. Although
many people have left, some still say...
Wtrat kinds of damage do these nalural disasters

cause? What steps can be laken to pr0tect communities
from them?
. CLIMATE .
123
ATMOSPHERE
I
/--\
I igl
EverybodY hears about
global warming and lhe greenhouse

effect, but how much do you reallY
know about it? Take this test and see
how well you do!
cyclor
True or false: The greenhouse effect has always posed a

serious threat to life on Earth.
Then listen to the radio programme

on global warming and check Your
answels.
cause
and
buildir
Which of these is not a greenhouse gas caused by industry?
a carbon dioxide
b CFCs
c nitrous oxide
d oxygen
al
/Whal do you think would haPPen
il for some reason the earth's
temperature suddenly increased?
What things would change? What
things would stay the same?
transp
The
all over the world because they break down the ozone layer
and contribute to globalwarming.
small groups, discuss what you

can do as individuals to Prevent
global warming. Make a list of
Interr
4s_
True or false: Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) have been banned
rt
Firl
lr
5 d__
winds
condit
In
Global warming is such a problem that it might cause
a a rise of one or two degrees over the next half-century.

b large changes in temperature from year to year.
c a steady rise in temperature of two degrees per year.
d the world to become uninhabitable within two hundred years'
suggestions using the lollowing

prompts.
unleaded petrol
bottle bank
True or false: Global warming is an established fact that is

generally agreed upon within the scientific community.
recycled paper
Which of these is not a cause of global warming?
phosphate-f ree detergents
cycling to work
CFCs
b
c
d
energy-saving bulbs
plastic bottles and bags
catalytic converter
The clear-cutting of the rain forests in Central America and

other places.
Radioactivity released into the atmosphere by nuclear
testing, waste and Power Plants.
The burning of fossil fuels as an energy source.
The emission of other greenhouse gases by factories.
public transport
ll*
belonr
UNDI
A
10
11
Atmosphere
the earth
planei earth
northern
"
southern hemisphere
globe
W?X x W?l'10
ultraviolet radiation
equinox
skin cancer
atm0spnere
equinoctial storms
ozone layer
gravrly
atmospheric pollution
sulphur dioxide (S0,)
ionosphere
equatorial convection current

oceanic cu'rents (hot and cold)
acid rain
cosmic radiation
melting polar icecaps
aeros
li ltration
tropical rain forests
ref
reflecti on
{ossil fuel
stratos
he re
new m00n
carbon dioxide (C0,) build-up

global warming
Jull moon
greenhouse effect
half moon
risi ng sea levels
cycle of the flooo x sosSoftS
. Topic-based Vocabulary'
12
13
nitrous oxides
o
14
rigerants
(ch lorof
CFCs
luorocarbons)
15
el nino
16
CLIMATE
I
Fill in the appropriate terms.

At sea and along adjacent coastal areas, tropical
cyclones (1
h_,
f__
Suppr1l
the right w0rds according to the definitions.
17
a very strong wind, capable of

damaging buildings and trees
18
a hanging pointed piece of ice,

formed by the freezing of dripping
typhoons, and willy-willies) can
cause great damage through excessive
and 3
II
2r_
, winds, and wave action to ships,
buildings, trees, crops, roads, and railways, and they may
WAIET
19
forms when rapid temperature

change condenses water from the
atmosphere
20
a bank of snow heaped up by the

action of the wind
21
change to a liquid condition by heat
22
covered with cloud; dull and gloomy
interrupt air service and communications. Heavy
4s
and icy conditions can
impede
transportation and increase the frequency of accidents.
The long absence of rainfall, by contrast, can cause

5
d______
and severe dust 6
___ _ when
winds blow over parched farmland, as with the "dustbowl"

conditions of the U.S. plains states in the 1930s
Ilt
I
TI
| | Where do the following metaphorical
expressions
belong?
A HAIL OF / A STORM OE WET,

UNDER A CLOUD, SNOWED UNDER, FROSTY,
A FOG OF, LIGHTNING, TEMPESTUOUS,
THE CALM BEFORE THE STORM
There has been
_criticism
(protest,
outrage) following the publication of the book.

She took the news quietly. Was she happy that
he was leaving, or was this just _?
Politicians sneaked out through a side door to
abuse
avoid _
10
11
Have a drink
to
your whistle!
No-one believed his reason for resigning, so he

left the job _
and has found it difficult
to find another one.
12
I am constantly _
with work: there's
simply too much of it and not enough time.
13
Their relationship can be described as

- they're always fighting.
14
They were very unwelcome, and a

reception was all they received.
15
The news was bad, and _

depression
came down on everyone. We were helpless.
16
Driving on today's roads requires

ref lexes.
23
_
a
b
c
d
Fillthe gaps.
weather we're having.
Nice
Good
Wrong
Horrible
24 In the teeth of the _.
a
o
c
d
ctouo
gare
breeze
lood
25 During the _,
a
b
c
d
the soil was as dry as a bone.
drought
equrnox
full moon
ground frost
26 The climate is moister here; it's not the heat, it's the
a
b
c
d
humidity
hot
hail
scorcher
27 ll never
a
b
c
o
but it pours.
helps
clears
rains
nses
28 As the moon waxes and

the tide changes.
A WASIES
b winds
c wands
o wanes
29 Red
a
b
c
d
_,
so the height of
at night, shepherd's delight. Red

in the morning, shepherd's warning.
squall
sky
rainbow
lightning
30 Mad dogs and Englishman go out in the noonday
light
SUNIAN
c
d
sun
weather
. CLIMATE.
125
CLIMATE
I ritt in the appropriate terms.
III
Suppr11
the right words according to the delinitions.
Weather has a tremendous influence on human
17
a gentle wind
settlement patterns, food production, and personal comfort.
18
very fine rain
Extremes of temperature and humidity cause discomfort and
19
a flash of bright light produced by

an electric discharge between
clouds or between clouds and the
grouno
may lead to the transmission of disease; heavy

1
r_
can cause
2t-,
displacing people
and interruptinq economic activities; 3

tornadoes, 4
h_,
and 5
t-.
s_
cannot be predicted
20
S_
storms may
may even kill or injure
people and livestock.
tl
||
21
(of the atmosphere or the

weather) hot or oppressive; close
22
a very hot day
I
Where do the following metaphorical exptessions
THUNDERED, STORMED, WHIRLWIND,

THE WINDS OF, HAZY THE MISTS OE
FOGGIEST, CLOUDED, AVALANCHE, SUNNY
Not everything is going well. Producers are well
aware that in terms of sales. the outlook is far from
2,n
you
e)
anima
tlt
belong?
Stater
descri
damage or destroy crops, buildings, and transportation

routes and vehicles. 6
1*'
about
23
du
Fill the gaps.
April
a swallows
D
c
0
24 _
a
b
c
d
bring May flowers.
SnOWerS
cotou rs
rarns
before seven, rain before eleven.

Son
bigh
Sleet
Snow
Sun
25 When swallows fly low, skimming land and water,
I
9
10
11
The
horses
across the valley floor.
When the European colonists left Africa,

change staded to blow.
the_
Nothing came back cleady. She had a very
impression (memory, recollection) of
what had happened.
romance
After only two weeks of a _
they announced their engagement and were
married soon after.
12
history, but
Their names are lost in _
the legacy of those first settlers lives on.
t3
of matt
We were unprepared for the
that came in after the programme; it took months to
answer.
14
15
would have liked to have helped but I did not

idea what he was asking for.
the
have
16
126
His face suddenly

disappointment.
a
b
c
d
m(
year
wind
tucK
weather
26 We're in _
a for
bfrom
c forward
d front of
27 WhaI a _
a snowstorm
b blizzard
c humid
d smoggy
28 lt's _
a rovely
b badly
c beloved
d winding
rain (a storm).
weather for ducks.
29 There's not a cloud
otf to the bathroom and slammed

He _
the door behind him.
I
expect rainy
with
bon
cin
d over
30 Every
a whirlwind
b cloud
c cold snap
d black ice
the sky.
has a silver lining.
NATURE
ritions.
IN THE WILD
)ed by
en
nd the
I
I
Read the following inlormation

about nalional parks in the United
States. Could any of these be

describing a place in your country?
close
/'r In which of these parks would
you expect to find the following

animals?
ducks
c0y0te
egrets
kangaroo rats
horned
lizard
alligator
deer
cougar
sheep grizzly bear

bald eagle gray wolf
bighorn
water,
rattlesnakes
moccasins
beaver
water
wild turkey
lizards
Yosemite National Park

Yosemite National Park is located in central California, bordering on
the Sierra Nevada mountain range. Its most spectacular f'eature is the
Yosemite Valley, a long gorge carved by glaciers during the Ice Age
which contains several splendid waterfalls and cascades. The park
contains several groves of ancient sequoia trees. Other forests of pine,
fir, and cedar give way to alpine meadows at higher elevations.
Everglades National Park

Everglades National Park in southern Florida is the largest subtropical
wilderness and marshland in the United States. Because it contains
both freshwater and saltwater areas, its vegetation is lush and diverse.
The forest is host to numerous species of palm, cypress, live oak and
pine trees. Wild flowers, including orchids and water lilies, also abound
in the area. The park has many marked hiking trails and boardwalks to
provide easier access to the marshes, as well as five canoe trails.
Death
Valley
Death Valley, which got its name from the large number of gold-seekers
who died trying to cross it in the 1849 Gold Rush, is the hottest place
in the United States. Despite this, the 7,800-square-kilometer desert
basin is by no means lifeless. The mountains of the Panamint Range,
which borders the desert, play host to thousand-year-old bristlecone

pine trees which cling to the rocky slopes. Within the basin itself, a
large number of cacti can be found, and scattered springs create marshy
oases. Only the desert's lowest areas,
which consist of sandy dunes and salt
plains, are completely devoid of

vegetation.
. NATURE.
127
+t
Write a short description of an area in your country that remains a wilderness.
Find the conect English names ol the main animals and plants. The lists on lhe
following pages are designed to help you.
al
cl
(NB
Man
Look at the animals below and say which of them move in groups and which
are solitary.
lf they do live in groups, what do we call the groups?
What are they called when they are babies?
Are they pledators, scavengers, or herbivores?
(Predators hunt; carnivores just eat meat; scavengers are carnivores, but usually eat what
predators have killed e.g. vultures; omnivores eat everything; herbivores eat plants.)
dogs ,ronft - forl, -
p^fpy -
prnJoto,
(the'
are I
" har
Somr
(the
fema
spec
any,
m0us
rat
lions
ra0bi
pigs
na[e
for
bu
squi r
horses
beavr
dat
ducks
hams
marTr
bald eagles
mole
m(
spiders
ne0gr
bat
wolves
badgr
st0at
snakes
WCASI
polec
vultures
marte
fox
hyenas
(c
ear
OIIET
t-ist lhe names ol the animals in the pictures in the table and decide
which category they belong to.
\,4/0[,
cul
wildc
rynx
reo 0l
ducks
roe
d,
fal I ou
cham
m00s
Alldr
femal
y0un
bear
mouf
bison
wild
. Topic-based Vocabularv .
Classification of Animals
7>a-
z
7-
(N.B. American terms for animals are s0metimes different
Mammals keep their body temperature constant

(they are warm-blooded), suckle their young, and
are usually covered in hair. In general, a mammal's
'hands" are known as paws, often containing sharp
claws, unless it has hooves, like a cow or deer. lts

covering is known as its fur, pelt or coat. lt has
forelegs, hind legs and (usually) a tail. Cows have
horns on their heads; deer have anllers.
Some typical wild mammals

(the brackets contain male,
female, young, and the
special name of the home, if
any, in that order)
Birds
Reotiles are cold-blooded.
sard i ne
nightingale
They are covered in scales, and

hatch from eggs, which they
lay on land.
cod
m0use
hrro rrhrrnlr dno lovorot

form); jackrabbit
squirrel (nest is a drey)
beaver (lives in a lodge on
dem\
:"111'
namsrer
IffallllUt
a.
l\tl -
mole (makes molehills

-
tit
'J
hedgehog
bat
swift
marttn I
finch ,. Xl>a:
stork -:*'Eiij.
Around lields and copses
magpre
badger (boar, sow, cub, sett)
Pl000n x 0Ove
SIOAI
DUTZa(O
kite
marten
fal con
lox (dog{ox, vixen, cub,
partridge
earth)
pl
wolves (young are
cubs)
wildcat (tom she-cat, kittens)
quai
&\
kestrel
tarK
lynx
hoopoe
re0 0eer
cuc ko o
roe deer
w000pecKer
troo-nroonar
fallow deer
chamois
nuthatch
m00se
tay
All deer males are bucks,
Waterside
females are does, and

young are fawns.
hero n
hprr
i/vntrnn rro ntthc\
wwu|\Jvv||yq|vvuvU/
mouflon (ram, ewe, lamb)
bison (bull, cow, calf)
wild pig (boar, sow, piglets)
egret
ki
ngfisher
t\
gu rl
..';..>
Iern
p/
-!.)-
geese
,q\
In fresh water
sturgeon (eggs are caviar)
salmon
i}N
troui
pikeff-< eg
I
pikeperch
catfish (wels)
cormorant
carp
SWAN
roach
wagtail
tench
squ id
cocKre
mussel
oyster
sca il 0p
without backbones. They

include insects (six legs),
spiders (eight legs), and
millions of various
'creepy-crawlies'.
butterfly
&Qfl
cateroillar
lar
caterpi
flv
I
moth
bee
$(
bumblebee
ladybird
mosquito
midge
wasp
hornet
ant R4r -(\"F

locust
cricket
centipede
;*M(
sp iders
perch
zander
are
newt
sataman0er
0ct0pus
Invertebrates are creatures
Amphibians are cold-blooded,

lay eggs, and pass through
several changes of form in
water before they become
adult, when they can venture
onto land.
0nt0
trog (eggs are spawn young
coot
bream
black widow
tarantula
daddy-long-legs
,
srugs an0 snails
/N^
_trf'..
earthworm
raven
In salt water
eagle
macKerel
vu lture
Ll?i,.n@
redstari
lobster
n
"tr)
tadpoles)
1[*
crab
Some mammals are adaoted for

life at sea
^^^r
5u1
ffi
prawn
'n'"$4"
asp
ln the mountains
shrimp
a legless lizard)
eel
OUCK
goose,
Shelllish
Fishes are cold-blooded,

covered in scales. and
"breathe" water using gills.
Most of them have fins.
l'?V
lizards (including slow-worm,
I0a0
owl
'
ASD
lan0.
pheasant
otter (dog-, bitch-, kit, holt)
wolf,
SK?IO
wnare
NAWK
bass
adder or vioer
;;ipi;
pcrpoise
jackdaw
weasel
polecat
'r
naKe
SNATK
;:1;li"<N_e
sa
cr0\^/
r00K
iflP
nake
grass snake
cardinal -1-'{
moleheaps)
il
th rush
:iTl[fl$fu
swattow RR
rabbit (buck, doe, starter,

burrow 0r \^/arren)
blackbi rd
robin
rat
"lH pfR
i
llsn:
cockroaches
#
. NATURE.
129
THE COUNTRYSIDE
I
I
]OOD ]OR
Fill in the missing words into the

spaces in the text on the right, using
the expressions below.
PLr
ITEIRM
TRTT
Located on the beautiful Northern Coast, Badger Point is every naturelover's dream holiday destination. The coastline here varies between rocky
caves and caverns

streams
fo
rests
cu
rrent
stalactites
cliffs
mouth
mead0ws
and sandy
2_,
both of which are spotted
with campsites and lodges. The rocky bottom of Badger Point Bay forms
one of the largest systems of tide-pools in the country, and at

an incredible variety of anemones, crabs, and other marine
lifegetstrappedinitspocketsuntilthetide4-again.Justa
lies Badger Island,
half'-mile 5
The Badger River, which empties into Badger Point Bay, has its
over two hundred miles away. As
exciting
8_.
10
s0u rce
kayaking.
white water rapids
tu
rns
t2
f3
, Within these hills many
can be
and other
15_
interesting rock formations. Beyond the hills lies the 16

which was created when Badser 17
was dammed
fiftv vears
reservo i r
ago. Surrounding the entire area are lush pine and oak 18
offshore
There is also a three-star hotel on the banks of the lake. So whether you've
range of hills
come to camp, spend a weekend in a lodge, or relax in the luxury of a hotel,
someone loved fishing and
seafood, where would s/he be able

to gather, trap or catch the following
mackerel
trout
salm0n
creatures? Match the catch to the
carp
place and the equipmenl on the next
shrimps
cockles / clams (US)
edible crabs
crayf ish
page.
130
however, the
rises out of the rolling
mussels
lf
9_,
A few miles inland, a 11
Badger Point is the place for you!
lt
passes through the
and in some places has some
At the river's
found. filled with 14

creek
it
is smooth and even, making it perfect fbr canoeing or
low tide
stalagmites
for marine birds
and especially seals.
mountains, it is fed by many 7

beaches
a haven
3r''
the rivr
partnel
gather
EQUIPMENT
PLACE
ET
Behind the seaweed in the tide pools, in

the rocks around the harbour wall, in
deep, rocky water.
rocky
ipotted
forms
marlne
r birds
1ts
Lgh
the
''*.
you've
hotel,
bits of meat, a few long nails, a net on a

stick and lightning reflexes; or a baited
trao
rod and line, and/or boat, and anything
flashy or shiny for bait - they even snap
at bare fish-hooks
rod, line, and lots of fishing tackle,
although some clever people know how
to catch them with their hands (tickle
them)
hands or little garden fork and a bag
TL
at
ii
What can be gathered / caught by ordinary people in

the rivers, coast and countryside in your country? Tell your
partner about a trip to the countryside to hunt, catch 0r
gather free food. Don't forget the plants. See p. 136.
Countryside
'
Hunting and shooting

gun i fishing licence (GB) / license (US)
to staik
to go shooting or fishing
camouflage clothing
r riflo firpq r sinnlp hrllpi
isherman
angler
lie in wait for
a hide (GB)
a blind (US)
hu nti ng
a shotgun fires lots of pellets from

a cartridge
shooti ng
to fire at
toxhunt
to hit
n0u n0s
poacher
huntsman on horseback
hunting horn
gamekeeper
'
trap
spring trap
tun nel-trap
to snare
{nntnrintq, trrnkq, trrnpq
ti^tJ
^t^^^^^ // hi^^^,,1^.^
lruru urdJJtrJ
uil ruuurdiJ
leg-hold trap
ine
weight
sinker
n00K
hook line and sinker

bait
\/V0rm
livebait
miss x wou[d
water bailiff
pond lake
tn {ind:nd rptripvp nrmo
gin{rap (GB)
'
kill cleanly
artificial lures
p
lug
spinner
fly
Fishing
gu ndog
lerret to flush rabbits
a wide-mouthed push-net - little ones for

the kids in the tourist shops, big
professional ones made by local
fishermen
In large shoals, often quite close to the

shore.
Only in the cleanest fresh water, most

easily caught in small streams.
:ing or
other
rod, line and lots of fishing tackle
Whole beds of them buried in the sand

between the tides.
'er, the
can be
Best in fast, clear water, but also stocked

in still water like the reservoir.
SOInE
olling
a big basket or bag and a sharp knife
In fast-running, clean fresh water, or in

the estuary.
Just a
ias
In fresh water, usually still rather than

running - the reservoir would be best.
rnd at
rod, line and lots of fishing tackle;

sweetcorn or potatoes for bait
Living in the shallow water just below low

tide.
latureI
a stick and quick reflexes, or a baited,

basket-like oot set from a boat
Hanging in great bunches from the

harbour walls and rocks between the
tides.
'
river fishing
stocked waters
put-and{ake fishery
coarse
fishing'
(wet or
dry)fly{ishing
game fishing
to have a bite
to strike
to hook a {ish
toplayafish
to land a fish
to catch st on rod and line
net
fishing tackle
gaff
rod
tro
hy
reel
. NATURE.
131
FRIEND OR FOE?
Te
I Animals are nol always what people think they are. Wilh your parlner, fill in
I
Pola
the table below but leave 'THE TRUTH' empty. Then read text A; your partner
should read text B. Tell your partner what you have lound out and fill in 'THE
One ot
TBUTH'.
'IMAGE'means accepted idea -for example, the image connecled with'dog'is

'faithful', 'lriendly', 'good company'etc., because these words spring to mind
hunt
tIaVe
I I(
b1 rts
first.
sholt tl
the nirl
You might lind the following structures useful:
Killt
AlthoLr
a
Did you know that....?
Reaily?
People think..., but actually / in fact..

It says here that...
ldon't believe it!.... How interesting!
No!
_good
rnto thr
the seil
cilpADlr
Fancy thatl
Well, welll
i.ln lcenothr
n1
di sting
Chir
EANGqTT,TO
,.PEOPL
lOis
some
littl
Darlin,
IMAGE
none
polar bear
THE TRL'TH
a thous
iI L-lnni
a Iteu lr
Te
killer whale
'.'':i':'
.\-i,
Gori
:r,l t.
chimpanzee
,.'q:do$
The
gor
truthfir
Hollr u
vegettl
comty I
Lreating
tlierr gl
bald eagle
all
shot
. :.'t'..,' . .'
gorilla
Woll
Co-trpe
atler
wolf
ea
rrates i
exnrrpl
hunted
fnct thlr
hyena
that a ht
ancl clo
ts a Vef
pig
Hyer
raven
C-'onder
coward
closer
'132
Topic-based Vocabulary .
Text A
Bewate 0f tnc
Polar Bear
will actively and deliberately
hunt people, the polar bear can be a menace to Arctic
One of the few animals that
travellers and hunters. Superbly camouflaged and insulated

a good turn of speed over a
short distance, it is a master both of the stealthy stalk and
the patient ambush.
...
Gnim[p
murders the young of the previous leader. Although prirnarily

vegetarians, chimps occasionally go on the rampage fbl meat,
killing the young of other animals even those of "alien" chimp
Sroups in grisly t'ashion. then eating them.
by its white fur, and capable of
Killer Whale (Orca)

Although all the whales and dolphins have been getting
in recent yeals, the killer whale still strikes f'ear
into the hearts of those who must live and work on and near
a good press
the sea around Arctic waters. Intelligent and inquisitive, quite

capable of co-operating with others of its own kind to tip up
an ice-floe or to herd seals and fish into ambush. it thinks
nothing of adding a person to the day's menu, and probably
distinguishes hirn or her from a seal only by taste.
Chimpanzee
Darling of the zoo tea party and Tarzan's sidekick in
a thousand
TV proglarnmes, the wild chimp can also
a cannibal, murderel and
be
killer for kicks. For example, when
a new leader takes over a chimp social group, it systematically
Text B
Dog
Dogs kill, maim, and disflgure thousands of people every year,
all over the world. The statistics in "civilised" countries. such
as Britain, are appalling. The problem seems to be that no
politician wiil risk losing an election to protect people fi'om
theil favourite pet, and no police ofTicer wants to be seen as
a dog-hater.
Apart fiom pet dogs, f'eral dogs are a menace.
These are pets that have run off and bred in the wild, and their
colonies are features of the outskirts of most third-world cities.
But they're a big problern in America, too....
BaId Eagle
In one of the most unfbrtr.rnate clashes of fact and stereotype
in history, the eagle that symbolises America on flags, coins
and banknotes is of a species that often turns to robbely ancl
scavenging to make a living. One of its specialities is chasing
fish eagles until they drop what they have caught. then eating
it. Benjamin Franklin, a founder-philosopher of the An.rerican
state, was bitterly opposed to its use as a symbol, and suggested
the wild turkey in its place.
King Kong GuddlesP
Gorilla
The gorilla's reputation has been the victim of two of the least
truthful and minimally intelligent groups of people on Earth:
Hollywood and white hunters. It is, in fact, a gentle, sociable
vegetarian, much given to chewing bamboo by day and building
comfy beds fbl itself and its young by night. Its worst habit is
beating its chest and running up to visitors, but if they stand
their ground instead of shooting. the gorilla backs down. It's
all show.
Wolf
Co-operative hunlers that kill only when they need to, look
after each others' young and bring food back to the den for
mates and young that cannot hunt, wolves might be cited as
examples of good behaviour, rather than being systernatically
hunted for "crimes" they seldom commit. It is an interesting
fact that there exists absolutely no scientifically proven evidence
that a healthy wolf has ever killed and eaten a person in America,
and close examination of evidence in Eurasia proves that this
is a very rare event there.
Hyena
Condemned, like many scavengers, to being a symbol of
cowardice and underhand practice, the hyena has proved, on
closer study of its nocturnal habits, to be a hunter every bit as
fbrmidable and worthy of respect as, for example, a wild hunting

dog. Ironically, similar studies of the so-called "noble" lion revealed
that it, too, is a scavenger, a thief and coward - if these tenrs can
be applied to animals at all.
Pio
^^b
Intelligent, faithful, clean-living and co-operative anirnals, pigs

have been the victims of inter-religious propaganda since the dawn
of civilisation. Their alleged filthiness derives in part fiorn an

absence of sweat glands, which makes it very diflicult to keep
cool without wallowing in rnud. At various points in history they
have been used as tbrest clealers, seed planters, and pullels of
carts. They have also been known to take over fi'om dogs, herding
cattle as well as any collie and finding and retrieving garre rn
English fbrests. To this day, they are used to snifT out trufl'les
delicious and extremely expensive underground fungi - in France.
Raven
Big, black and mysterious, the raven lives on the border of
superstition and tact. A highly intelligent and adaptable bird, it
mates for li1-e and exists on carrion and whatever small animals.
from beetles to rodents, it can catch. Despite the legends, it kills
nothing larger than a rabbit. lt is interesting to compare attitLldes
tow.rrds the raven,
black and useful scavenger fiom the mountains,
and towards the swan, a white and thoroughly r-rseless bird tlrat
does little but pollute lowland pastures and ponds.
TL
. NATURE.
133
AT THEZOO
Parrots and other exotic birds Must be caged.

Need to have silence at night or they
won't be able to get to sleep.
Hippos Can be dangerous if antagonised but
mostly peaceful. Need a nice pond to
bathe in. Although they are
gregarious, they don't like to share
their ponds with any other large
I
I
Do you have a zoo in your city? What kinds of animals

does it have?
rl
/You have been appointed the zoo keeper of a new zoo.

Decide which of the lollowing animals should go in which
ol the cages 0r spaces below. Be carelul that nobody gets
eate
animals.
Leopards Predators. Very fast, need some room
to run around.
Polar bears Extremely nasty. Will fight anything,
no matter how big. Also very strong,
able to tear down fences with their
n!
lf you have difficulties in placing the animals, suggest

putting in new enclosures or altering the existing ones.
Lions
Monkeys
Giraffes
Temperamental camivores. Will eat any

animals thev are caeed with. Should be
isolated.
Master escape arlists. Must be put
either into cages or on islands. Very
paws.
Flamingos Not prone to escape. Need to be in

water.
Zebras
Peaceful and not prone to escape.

Need lots of room to run. Very fast.
Crocodiles Need shallow ponds to bathe in. Very
dangerous if you get too close, but
loud and rowdy.

Very timid and tolerant. Can live
anywhere as long as they have some
leaves lo chew on.
easy to outllln.
1oo
the lirs
talk
ab
and w]t
2tn
Why i
house
Is Chr
pet? V
What,
childrr
Which
ones a
3e
answel
4,,,
person
what
ki
o
o
o
o
o
le
I
I
I
tt
anr
aqL
lc,
I
At the Zoo
cage
enclosure
confi nement
restricted movement
reptile house
big cats
aquarium " vivarium
room to move
feeding time
breeding nucleus
I
II
reintroduction to the wild

breeding in captivity
zoo keeper
hippo(potamus) p/.
hippopotamuses or -ami
bison (GB) / buffalo (US)
gorilla
lanimal nanel keeper

lion
rh i n oceros
ostri ch
tr
ger
rcbra
leopard
grizzly bear
p0rar Dear
elephant
A{rican
koala (bear) (marsupial)
Ind ian
kangaroo
apes
"
m0nkeys
anaco
'
da
!lm0
0,,
lamingo
crocodile alligator
lizards snakes
cobra
python
gin
a0
camel
trn
lM,
I
loo
orangutan
pengu i ns
raffe
Pei
Ru,
'
I
IlGe.r"r
Pot
til:
l'-
PETS
ged.
:
they
d but
rnd to
I
I
Do you have a pet? lf you do, tell your partner about

the first time you saw your pet. lf you don't have a pet,
talk about what kind 0l pet you would mosl like to have
and why.
tare
1l
C,Try t0 answer the questions below.

room
Why is the first day you bring a new pet into your
house important for the pet?
thing,
Is Christmas Day a good day to bring home a new
.rong,
pet? Why/why not?
reir
What can sometimes happen when you give young

children pets such as dogs or cats?
:in
)e.
fast.
.very
but
Which are the easiest animals to look after? Which

ones are the most difficult?
tl
t'Epi
Now listen to lhe recording and check your
answels.
W6
WKffi
\
Crnu'n animals are sometimes associated with certain

personality traits. ll the following people were animals,
what kinds 0l animals would they be? Why?
o
o
o
o
o
your teacher
the leading politicians in your country
your paflner or friend

your favourite musician or film star
he has a way with animals

animal lover
aquarist / fish fancier
Cats
Persian
Russian blue
tabby
ginger i marmalade
Manx
a good mouser
@*M
labrador
sc0rpr0n
corgi
retI eve
spider
rat
dachshund
sausage dog
collie
basset hound
greyn0un0
mouse, pi mice
gurnea prg
Riding horses
thorough bred
Arab
Dogs
spaniel (cocker or springer)

long-haired, short-haired
to take the dog for a walk i a run
to walk the dog
regular exercrse
c0ltar
npdinrop, nrnqq-hrppd
lead
bridle
bit
girth
0ther animals
walk
mongrel
p000re
German shepherd
doberman (n)
Alsatian
/ leash (US)
muzzle
parrot
budgerigar
pit-bull terrier
tu rtl e
fox terrier
hamster
y,FB
^ry"#kJ
your mother or father
Pets
--f-.)
budgie
hunter
p0ny
saddle
st I rru ps
" trot' canter

pony and trap
"
gallop
trap racrng
show-lumping
. NATURE.
135
PLANTS
I
foof
3to
at the plant and
fill in the
names ot its parts.
root
stalk
leaf, pl. Ieaves
bloom
petal
bud
Patience plant
{tmpatiens Wallercna}
Unscramnle the names of the following plants (the first letter is in bold).
t,,,
them?
,ffi'
the sar
ffiW
pimsorer
ilyl-fo-eth-yalelv
liyl
lasdy
sssnuacn
nttndil
ccosru
mumsanthechrv
sanpy
strl
lidodaff
Putil
Plants
Flowers
carnal
Weeds
Herbs
Parts of a plant
snowdrop
sweet pea
nettle
thyme
meadow
SIEM
cowslip
foxglove
r0se
th istle
couch-grass
marjoram
parsrey
nay
taven0er
buttercu p
snapdragon
p0ppy
sage
0ates
geranium
co rnf lower
r0semary
blades of grass
bu lb
{orget-me-not
violet
p0ppy
bu rdock
mint
rhizome
anem0ne
sunf lower
dandel ion
cam0mile
cutti ng
bluebells
cornf lower
daisy
chives
graft
pe0ny
dah lia
lower
p0ilen
seed
PINKS
rass
haymaking
Water-plants
water lilies
waterweed
sea\,vee0
ffi
foof< at the tree and
fill in the
names of its parts.
trunk
_l
bark
branch
bough
twig
leaf (pl. leaves)
and blossom
crown
Flowering dogwood
(Carnus tlorida)
the following trees. Where would you find

them? What other plants and trees would probably grow in
the same place?
Irurnabout
Look at the pictures and name what you can
see in them using some ol the expressions below.
J/
--"/7/
.3fr/
(-,/'[ i,f B''
(*F
rqD
ffi
\\a/_.-\
pv
hawthorn
prne
poplar
til
willow
birch
l
T
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
ass
tsl
Plants
Some tvpes of tree
The forest
(fruit /'seeds
evergreen x
0ecr0u0us
coniferous
snru0
rac kets )
pine (cone)
fir
OUSN
(cone)
larch
spruce
ctrrmn / qtrrh
lime
ner0
n0rn0eam
undergrowth
birch
beech (mast)
oak (acorns)
Ia
I
bram
es
rain forest
in
linden tree
map le
Mushrooms and fungi
horse chestnut (horse

chestnuts / conkers)
sweet chestnut
(chestnuts)
field mushroom
destroying angel
toad sto
fly agaric
elm
cep (penny bun)
rowan (berries)
(weeping) willow
pussy willow
ash
hawthorn (haws)
morel
paraso
death cap
edible " inedible

poisonous deadly
chanterel le
oyster mushroom
bench lungus
honey tuft
puflbal
I
'
p0rs0n0us
mycel i um
stem
cap
gills
p0res
. NATURE.
137
NATURE
I Choose the right expressions and lill

in the gaps.
1 He was working for the new
| t,t' in the correct names ot plants.
11
boutiques and restaurants that were

across London.
_
a
b
c
d
2
growing up
flooding
mushrooming
rooting
Love of money is the

evil.
a
3
of
all
13 _
is well-known for its sweet smell. lt has pinkish-purple flowers

like marjoram and wild basil. lt is a low-growing plant and is common
on heaths and downs throughout the British lsles.
Ihr
cur
c
d
Thr
15 _
is a common weed of lawns and waste places. lt has solitary

flowerheads on leafless stems. The name derives from "dent de lion"
(French for lion's tooth) which refers to the shape of its leaves.
rooted
nested
TIT
Decame
ruited
After twenty years of _

searching she returned home.
blooming
growrng
ruitless
seaweed
f
6 That project may well come to

after all.
_
a lower
b ruit
c ruition
dfun
7 The work will _for future
development.
a make hay
b dig the ground
c lay the ground
d cultivate the fielo
8 A_
of doubt may have been
planted in our minds.
a corn
b grain
c seedling
d seed
9 She could _
the harvest of
her sound training.
a gather
b reap
c mow
d receive
10 Unexpected work _
up when it
was most inconvenient.
a picked
b cropped
c grew
d igured
f
c
o
into an utterly beautiful
blossomed
bloomed
a
b
c
d
was originally found in cornfields but because of modern

herbicides its bright blue flowers can nowadays be found mostly only
on waste ground.
in the
set
cutting
She _
woman.
na(
cer
14 _
The affair was deeply _

way the company was run.
a
b
c
d
5
seeo
root
a
b
c
d
1 Ar
is a common weed with small grey-blue flowers appearing from

April onwards. lt can be found in fields, in woods, and in wet places.
There is also a garden variety.
SOUTCe
c
d
Chor
the ga
12 _
stem
is the plant that turns moors and heaths purple every August. lt
is also found in bogs, open woods and on old dunes. White _
is
a variant.
Suc
star
| | | ttre following names of wild animals have been left 0ut 0f the sentences
below. Put them back.
APE RAT FERRET BEAR FOX

16 | tried very hard, but I couldn't _ the information out of the clerk.
17 The money market is a _
race, and some people who work in it
18
19
a
b
c
d
5He
his
a
die of the stress.
You would have to be sly as a
c
d
to outwit me.
Careful on Monday mornings! The boss is like a

head.
20
| really go
l\f
trtrn
the names ol trees with their truits or seeds.
21
22
23
24
25
26
pine
beech
oak
with a sore
Mar
emI
b
over chocolate.
138
\f
turrn
nevr
berries
conKers
acorns
rowan
mast
tthi
a til
cone
horse chestnut
fir
The
SUCI
the following plouerbs and ctichds with their exptanati0ns.
c
d
27
beard the lion in his

den
own
to support both sides of the

dispute
28
when the cat's away,

mice will play
the
if you wake up and get to work

early, you will succeed
29
to run with the hare and

hunt with the hounds
to confront someone on his or her
30
the early bird catches

worm
the
own territory
d
Mal,
a
b
c
o
10 Eve
a
when no authority is present, the

subordinates can do as they
please
NATURE
I
gust. lt
IS
I Ghoose the right expressions and fill

1 A call warned police that a bomb
had been
in a car in the
the gaps.
| t"' in the correct names 0f ptants.
11
12
13
can be told from bilberry by its evergreen leaves, creeping

habit, whiter flowers and edible berries which turn red when ripe.
centre of the town.
a
b
c
d
g from
rces.
planted
rooted
pruned
cropped up
The teaching staff had to _

curriculum and the tests.
WETS
nmon
a
b
c
d
/ only
the
rary
lion"
harvest
gases than any other country.
15
also called Lent Lily, is the only native British wild narcissus.
grow in grassy places, mainly in Southern and Western
Wild _
England, but have been introduced elsewhere.
is common in lawns and disliked by many tidy gardeners. lt

flowers throughout the year except in prolonged hard frosts.
nature
biological
greenhouse
ttl
| | | fne lollowing names 0f animals
global
Suddenly a new idea
a
o
c
d
and we
MOUSE HARE SQUIRREL MONKEY WOLF
the harvest of
16
| was not sure what to do. I didn't want to hurt him but I didn't want to
be a _
either.
'17
This proposal seems harmless enough, but I think it's a

sheep's clothing.
18
I have been
19
There's been some
his hard work.
in it
a
b
feed
SOW
dig
Many firms started
20
employees to cut costs.
away a little money each week for years.
business in connection with the bank's
accounts.
reap
a
b
c
d
have been lelt out lrom the sentences
below. Put them back.
it.
turned up
croppeo up
grew up
set in
He began to
:lerk.
14
weed
started talking about

rtences
has deep scarlet petals, often with a black patch at the base
and globular seed-pods; it flowers in the fields from June to the
aulumn.
prune
The United States emits more

r
is widely planted in ornamental waters. lts leaves are small

and circular and the big white flowers float on the surJace of water.
They are related to true lilies.
fertilize
_
a
b
c
d
tlt
I lf
shedding
sprouting
flourishing
two
you will catch neither.
Sort the following names 0f trees under the two headings.
EVERGREEN
planting
I think l'll just rest on my
lf you run after
(21), DECTDUoUS (22).
larch spruce pine lime fir hornbeam birch beech
for
maple
a time before attempting anything
horse
chestnut elm
rowan willow
oak
ash
new.
a
b
c
d
teaves
roots
\f
petals
23
laurels
8 They are enjoying the _____
of
24
success and having a good time.
9
/ork
or her
1t, the
)y
a
b
c
d
harvest
a
D
c
d
_
a
b
c
d
while the sun shines.
straw
nay
corn
beet
10 Everybody
is expecting a few green
of economic recovery.
snols
springs
stems
shoots
money does not grow on
a leopard cannot change

its spots
fruits
blooms
Make
a big fish in a small pond

ITCCS
25
spell
*u,rn the following proverbs and clichds with their explanations.
26
a little bird told me
27
a bird in the hand is worth

two in the bush
28
have bats in the belfry
29
have a bee in one's bonnel
30
great oaks from little

acorns grow
have an obsession about

something
something you already have is
better than to risk losing
everything by trying to get much
more
the most imponant person in

some small group or community
immense things can come from
small beginnings
e be crazy
I it is not easy to get money

g one cannot change the basic way
one is
a way of indicating that you do not
want to reveal who told you
something - sometimes used
playf ully
. NATURE.
139
EVERYDAY PHRASES
The following phrases are the type of highly colloquial language that one hears every day and needs to understand.
Read through the following list of explanations and then try to complete the dialogues using the phrases from the list.
Then practise the dialogues in pairs:
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
For what it's worth (a phrase added to a piece of information)
You're telling me! (l know all the truth of what you are saying very well.)
suit yourself (you can decide to have something you want
it)
Take it or leave it (There is no choice. Take this option or none.)

Stay / keep out of this! (This does not concern you, so do not get involved.)
we must / should do this again (sometime) (to indicate that you have enjoyed st)
this is
Amerir
ZRe
exercis
Find tt
means
as we speak (just now, at this very moment)
when you get a minute / a chance (introducing a request)

lf there's anything you need, don't hesitate to ask (offering help, usually said by a
host)
j
k
I
lHo
typical
What d
there you are (that's the way things are)

Where is the restroom? (US, asking for a toilet in a public building)
good / nice talking to you (a polite phrase said at the end of a conversation)
1\
llc
J5
4tl
5n
6a
S'
7tc
8a
u
Alice:There's nothing more that can be done. We've done what we could. So
glc
'10 a
, you are doing great!
Peter:2
Mary:\Nell, I have to get off.
Paul:3
Alice: Thanks! lt's worth a lot!

. Bye, Mary.
t'n
followi
lon,
Tom:4
, Mary.
Mary:lt's just as much my business as it is yours.
firn
f
Peter: This food is really terrible.
Mary:l think I will go home.

Bob: What a nice eveninol
lat
huo
tanr
- | am staying.
Alice:6
Paul: Wow! 5
900
mul
Alice:Yes. it ceftainlv was
The plane is taking off 8
4,,
adjecli'
l'd like to ask you a question.
Bill:Tom,9
Fir
g0rg
Peter:10
Eve: I'm sure. l'll be comfortable here.
Paul:This is my last ofier.
140
- 12
Clerk: Next to the receotion desk. on the riqht.
StU n
hanr
Jane:
11
weil.
athlr
pear
THE HUMAN BODY
rrstand.
the
list.
I
I
FIRST IMPRESSIONS
How would you describe the

typical American man and woman?
What do they look like? Do you think
this is an accurate description ol real
Americans?
lt
,-\tJ(<
Read the text and then do the

exercises below.
t.
For much of the world, America exists only on

it has a certain
the television and cinema screen, and
Find the word in the passage that
beach, her toned body only slightly covered by a bikini.
means the following:
She has a perfect hourglass figure, accentuated by her
the state of being fat
more healthy
long legs, firm thighs, flat stomach, and huge breasts,

all of it wrapped up in a layer of tanned, unblemished
skin. Next to her walks the god-like American Man,
tall and muscular, his bulging biceps shining in the
sun, a slight layer of sweat glistening on his sculpted
chest and wide shoulders. This mythical couple seems
a hairstyle common among
to appear on every American television show and
street punks
movie that is broadcast across the world.
ideas
a girl who behaves in a way
In reality, however, America has a much different

image, if it can be said to have one image at all. The
first surprise is that America is not a slim nation. In
losing one's hair
fact, obesity has become such a problem among teenagers
10
a rarge group
that the government has started special prot urnr; ,.

m
make schoolchildren fitter. But America is also a J 9-Y
place where there are many different concepts tt*6#r)
beauty, so on one street you will not only find our
American Woman and Man, but also a young punk
with a pink mohawk and pierced lips, a tomboy with
short hair and a stocky masculine build, a balding
businessman with his beer-belly and double chin,
and a whole host of others who never make it onto
the television screen. It is iust another reminder )
that, in America as well as the rest of the world. trt:
life is much bigger, and much more interestrng, f )
than what we see on the television screen.
without a mark or stain
large and swelling
shining in the sun
usually considered boyish
t'nO the nouns that go with the

following adjectives.
long
firm
f
lat
slim
huge
pierced
tanned
stocky
short
double
god-like
muscular
sculpted
wide
rry to add some nouns to the
adjectives in the box.
First lmpressions
/
portly
/ corpulent / well-rounded
g0 rg e0 us
fat
stunning
bese
slim
nan0s0me
r0ss
lithe
ski n ny
slender
'
light
well-built
0umpy
dark
ath letic
th in
tomboy
pear-snape0
emaciated
beauty is only skin deep
. THE HUMAN BODY.
141
HEAD AND FACE

I
Hav
I ig3'l You will hear a conversation between Ms Begbie, a woman who has had her purse stolen, and a police
officer. Listen to the description of the mugger and then match it to one ol the pictures below.
didn'l
What
Er{s
[,
and anr
your a]
How a
their o
Why
lno
using tl
tt
I
One of the lour adjectives on each line does not collocate with the same
.t
1| Look at the other three men in
three d
reler to
noun as the other adjectives. Add the right nouns and write your answers in
the pictures and match them with the
She
the table below.
lollowing descriptions.
middle
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
even gapped chapped
bucked
pointed rosy double dimpled

straight curly short low
dimpled straight Roman hooked
oval wrinkled lined slanted
arched plucked bushy receding
high short low furrowed

high-boned rosy pale lank
full chapped yellow cracked
slanted eyes
flat crooked nose

birthmark under the right eye
birthmark on one cheek
straight nose
dimpled chin
SCATS
m0ustache
pockmarked face
thin lips
thick arched eyebrows
double chin
round eyes
round face
of a famous person (an

{actor,rnint
singer, politician) or a student
or a teacher you know.
this and the
preceding page to describe them.
Write at least two or three sentences,
then read them out without saying
Use the collocations from
who the person is. The other students

can guess who you are describing.
beard
thick bushy eyebrows
bucked / even / gopped teeth
h,
Have y0u ever had a haircut that you didn't like? Why
Oh, it's not really that bad...

when it grows out it'11...
didn't you like it?

I police
What did you do about it?
Don't even talk about my hat! God, I am so

mad I could just scream!
r-r
iFi
I mean, maybe
Unscramble the lines in the dialogue 0n the right
Well, you know how John used to have such

lovely long hair? Well,_he-got a new job in_an
insurance company so he had to cut it off. He
wanted it just to be a nice, normal length, with
a parting on the side and all that. You know,
the businessman look. Well, the barber shaved
it all the way off. By the time he realised what
was happening, it was too late, so he had to
get a crew cut. It doesn't look so bad now that
he's grown a moustache and beard, but when
he first got it he looked like a skinhead! Not
exactly the way to make a good first
impression at your new job.
and answer the lollowing questi0ns. Then listen and check
your answefs.
How are Sue and John's new hairstvles different from
their old ones?

Why don't they like them?
a Look at your classmates. Try to describe their laces,

f
using the vocabulary from the box below. Prepare al least
three descriptions and let your partner guess who they

men tn
refer to. Example:
uith the
She has got curly auburn hair with a parting in the

middle. Her face is round with a hioh forehead...
It's awful! God! All I asked her for was a trim

and a perm. I had a lot of split ends, and I was
tired of my fringe always getting in my eyes,
so I wanted it a little shorter. But she chopped
my fringe completely ofi and the sides are too
shoft too. And this perm is so curly that I look
like I have an afro! It's tenible!
Well, you know, it could be worse. Have you

seen John's new haircut?
eye
What's the matter? Just look! (Sue takes oft

her hat.)I went to the hairdresser's today and
look what she did! She butchered me!
A Hi, Sue. Nice hat. Is it new?

B
No, why?
A Why? What's the matter?
Head and Face

Hai r
to be thin on top
wart
Eyebrows
blond
crew cut
mole
straig ht
fair
afro
arched
poi nted
auburn
birthmark
dimple
thick
red
m0nawK
freckled
inrn
short
chiselled
glnger
parting (GB)
lined
craggy
0us ny
brown
Facial hair
black
g
moustache
rey
on (an
curly
student
ftizzy
Dear0
wh is ke rs
\/vavy
and the
strai ght
nem.
m0usy
lences,
sayi ng
ludents
ibing.
read I ocks
oatee
debu rns
Face
round
reasy
part (US)
wrinkled
1rs5fl
"
pale complexion
ucked
Nose
Chin
ong
double
cleft
d
impled
bu I bous
Li ps
Forehead
straight
rrowed
hooked
full
thin
wrinkled
Roman
CTAC KEO
high
snub
cnappe0
low
0r0Ken
flat
Teeth
tan K
sq uare
Eyes
dry
oval
oval
full of dandruff
aqui I ine
slanted
pockmarked
sunken
Cheeks
horsy
sp0ry
deepset
yel | 0w
to be balding / bald
acne
sparkl i ng
r0sy
h i gh-boned
receding hairline
p rm
dull
cneek00ne
bucked
p la
ited
ponytai
ples
even
ve i ned
"
wide
d ri n
ker's
cr00Ke0
nr nnpd
Da0
. THE HUMAN BODY.
143
BODY AND LIMBS

I
I
Match the parts ol the body below to the iniuries ot

illnesses associated with them. There may be more than
one conect answer.
Name the parts of the skeleton below. The
Sint
vivid,
y0u.
expres!
in your
knee
ankle
muscle
wrist
toe
leg
arm
tooth
the
head
ear
Grt
back
neck
lung
blo
tendon
kidney
literalt
tol
tol
tol
inger
n0se
heart
he
he
tohavea/an
to sprain your
to bruise your
4
to have a collapsed
to have
5
to pull a
6
7
to have (a)
to break your
8
to dislocate
9
10 to tear a
ll to stub your
t2 to get cramp ln a
l3 to have a
l4 to have a stiff
inf-ection
he
2
J
expressions in the box on the opposite page might help
stomach
bladder
hamstring
shin
.r
/
he
intr
stones
hez
dot
he
I'n
he'
he
ir
attack
r,
he
twl
he
t',,
in the lines below, using the vocabulary from the

the
following page.
box on
-J- =9/
,ulr..
I
r.
The
hl help
Since "body language" and shared feelings can be very

vivid, many parts ol the human body are used in everyday
expressions; find the equivalents of the following idioms

in your mother tongue. Which ones are nearly the same in
literal translation and which ones are completely different?
meaning.
to have a sweet tooth

to fight tooth and nail
to have a nose for news
there was a lump in his throat
Grandpa is young at heart
blood is thicker than water

he was completely tongue-tied
he opened his mouth and put his foot in
it
he paid an arm and a leg for that car

he broke her heart
head over heels in love
1et
to clench
2
3
4
ro fold
to nod, shake
to pick
nose, one's teeth

d one's legs, fingers,
eyes, arms, oneself
5
6
7
8
to rub
to stick out
to shrug
to cross
to blink
one's arms (across

one's chest)
b one's limbs, legs, arms
c
one's shoulders
one's eyes
5 one's head
h one's neck, tongue,
chest, belly, chin
I one's teeth, hands, fists
j one's hands, nose, eyes
10 to stretch
into the teeth of a gale
don't
matcn the following verbs with the respective parts
of the body and use them in sentences to illustrate their
him fix the bike; he's all thumbs
he made a clean breast of
I
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
it
I'm all ears

he's got a level head on his shoulders
to clean
to turn up
ro hold
to point
at
to snap
to stamp
to pull
to stand on
to rack
10 to throw st over
he was only pulling your leg
it took guts to climb Everest

he doesn't have the stomach for a fight
two heads are better than one

he may be ugly, but he's got a heart of gold
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
j
one s nose
one's own feet
a tooth, one's leg
with a finger
one's nails, teeth
one's foot, feet
hands. one's breath
one's brains
one's shoulder
one's fingers
Body and Limbs

Shou I ders
Hips
c0ccyx
liver
wide
slim
knee cap
ht^.ld^,
^îl
vor r-ulduuGl
thin
Dr0a0
shin
gullet
rou nd
wide
shoulder blade
stomach
Legs
Genitals
Chest
thick " thin
vag r na
deep
knock-kneed
clitoris
narr0w
pi geon
bowl egged
testicles
sq uare
c0 ncave
0arret
flat
Stomach / tummy/ abdomen
belly / gut
pan
reas
gut
small intestine
large intestine
colon
0rgans, systems and glands
append ix
socket
brain
0Owets
si nus
heart
kidneys
jawbone
windpipe
fu nnybone
rihnrno // rihc
,,vv
ilwvuvv
b
beer
pot (-belly)
navel
sp leen
Skeleton
skull
muscu lar
sex organs
pen is
flat
belly button
reastbone
ungs
bl
ood
ladder
ten00ns
I i gament
VEINS
carti lage
co I larbone
arte ri es
muscles
spine / backbone
pelvis
circulaiory system
nervous system
hamstring
. THE HUMAN BODY.
145
BODY
to have a sweet tooth
head over heels in love
to fight tooth and nail
to be all thumbs
to have an itchy palm
to make a clean breast of something
to get / have a lump in one's throat

to be young at heart
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
i
to be all ears
blood will tell
9
10
Match the expressions on lhe lelt with their delinitions on the right.
struggle energetically and with great determination

very much in love with someone
to confess something, to tell a necessary truth
to be listening eagerly and carefully

a funny feeling, as if you were going to cry
feel young in spite of the actual age
to have a preference for sweet foods

very awkward and clumsy
His 12
m_
was dry with fear, sweat beaded on his
7
8
9
10
| t"' in the gaps with suitable explessi0ns.
He was a tall, willowy youth, with long, lank 11 h
people will tend to be like their ancestors, good or bad
to tend to ask for tips (placing money in the palm)
tl
and a vacant exoression.
13f_,
and his
14k-
I
knocked together.
s_
is badly designed for walking on two 16
He was an enormous man, with a big
l_,
beer-17b_, 18th_
and middle age often brings back problems.

like treetrunks and
19h_
She grew from a skinny, toothy adolescent into a gorgeous young woman with a perfect 20
like hams.
f_
Firl
Heavy
f
The human 15
Matr
riends
People
At the
He had
She
Ill
||
Choose the right meaning 0l these metaphols.
21 He has set up a body called the Security Council.
a
b
c
d
26 My heart goes out to you.
a community
an organization
a busrness
a structure
I sympathize very deeply with

am leavrng
decided to help
feel odd
we
lll'
21
The
n
c
o
22 He will head a provisional government.
a
b
c
d
execule
form
put together
lead
23 Although your heart is breaking, you must face the truth

that the romance has ended.
a
b
c
d
accept
tell
follow
bring
on the radio
onTV
in the oress
he was receiving a lot of public attention
25 He has always had a good ear for accents and dialects.
a
b
c
d
146
a
b
c
d
someone to help you

a friend
an artificial limb
a new expenence
28 He is your closest blood relative.
a
b
c
d
a person you marry

your stepbrother
father-in-law
next of kin
29 What can she do if her husband has no backbone?
24 This work has kept his name in the public eye.
a
b
c
d
27 Lel me know if you need a hand!
good hearing
good understanding
ability to interpret and reproduce
knowledge
a
b
c
d
no second job
no extra income
is weak and useless
no backyard
30 | felt in my bones that something was badly wrong.
a
b
c
d
sure without a logical reason

absolutely sure
at a loss
a shiver running down my spine
22 | lot
a
n
c
d
23
The
eve
a
o
u
24 fhe
mor
a
cl
dr
25 Tak
al
ol
cl
dt
BODY
T
I
'Dao
on
Match the expressions on the left with their definitions on the right.
to have something on the tip of one's
2
3
4
5
lo pull someone's
tongue
two peopl.e working together have a better

cnance oI success
b you had to be courageous to accomplish that
c to kid, fool or trick someone
d to be generous, sincere, and friendly
e to say something insulting, stupid or hurtful that
you regret, often by mistake
to be on the verge of remembering, to have just
leg
to put one's foot in it

it took guts to do it
to pay an arm and a leg for it or
to pay through the nose
not to have the stomach for it
forgotten
7
8
9
'10
s to be very cheeky / disrespectful
two heads are better than one

it takes some neck / gall to try that
to have a heart of gold
h
I
into the teeth of a gale
IT
| | Fill in the
just at the worst moment

to be unable to do something because you think
it is wrong; to lack courage or determination
to pay too much for something
gaps with suitable expressi0ns.
Heavy drinking is a strain on the 11

riends.
l_,
12
k_,
and mind, as well as being a good way to lose
13 h
0rems
People in the mountains have short, chunky bodies, and generally smaller 14 e
At the smell of dinner, his 15

He had his 17
t_
watered and his 16
b_;
her 19
key specially made to open several locks

no Key
old key
new Key
a
b
c
it's part of my nature

I can't do without il
Inlarr +h6 nirn^
linheritedaviolin
23 They worked their guts out from 6 a.m. to 2.30 p.m.

every day, often all evening and weekend too.
rkbone?
start early and finish late

need much money
put all available time and energy into working
forget all
24 The government's hands-off policy caused many

more oroblems.
wrong.
a
b
c
d
non-intervention
big-stick
short-sighted
co-ordinated
25 Take heart, all is not lost.
a
b
c
d
f_were
white, and she shivered constantly.
Cnoose the right meaning 0f these metaphors.
22 | love music. lt is in my blood.
a
b
c
d
rumbled.
were blue, her 20
21 The janitor has a skeleton key to all the classrooms.
a
o
c
o
b_
taken out.
She was frozen to the 18
rtl
|||
m_
don't be light{ingered
pluck up your courage
kill two birds with one stone
don't stick your chrn out
26 His father shouldered the burden of leadership.
a
b
c
d
accepted the responsibilities and problems

took up
took over
gave up
27 Latin used to be the common tongue for much ol

academic Europe.
a
b
c
d
common proDrem
lingua franca
the only language
official language
28 He had a nose for news.
a
b
^
problems with his nose

a talent for finding out
na6al6al
mnro
haln
was nosy
29 He also worked as head of modern languages
at
a London school.
a
n6rcnn
b
c
d
inspector
teacher
played a major role in
rn
^htrd6
30 There certainly
these claims.
is a large
a strong personality
lrrna .m^r
c
d
need for
clash of
rn+
body of evidence to support
^f
. THE HUMAN BODY.
147
HEALTH
Look
Late
ROUTINE ILLNESSES AND ACCIDENTS

a
I {Fi
conversation and
fill in
a Now complete the dialogue belween Samantha and her doclor.
the
Doctor: Good morning. What seems to be the problem?
information below.
Samantha:
1. Samantha's illness:
Doctor: And how long have you been feeling like this?
Samantha:
2. Symptoms:
Doctor: Have you been running
a fever?
Samantha:
Doctor: Any nausea or upset stomach?
3. How long she's been sick:
Samantha:
Doctor: I see. And have vou been takins anvthins for it?
4. Medicines she's been takino;
Samantha:
Doctor: OK, well, it looks like a minor throat infection, maybe the flu. I'm
going to write you a prescription for some antibiotics. Take them three times
a day after meals for five days. And I'm going to recommend five days' sick
leave. Just stay in bed and get plenty ofrest, and you'll be back in shape in
5. Has she been to the doctor?
forest
Listen to the lollowing
a1
write tl
no time.
6. Why/why not?
Samantha:
l.
t-
Doctor: You're welcome.
Routine lllnesses and Accidents

influenza
flu
sore throat
I0 sneeze
to blow one's nose

hrd nhpct / nnr rnh
something goes down the
wrong way
to choke
to swallow a bone
indigestion / upset stomach
contag i ous
blister
paras rtes
rash
tn cnrrpozp u nimnlp
" v,, | ,v,u
c0r0 sore
smail p0x
hay-fever
canker sore (US)

scrapes, grazes and cuts (skin)
Lyme disease (transmitted by
earac
headache
wind / gas
to fart / break wind
diarrhoea' constipation
food poisoning
mrgrarne
being sick / vomiting

throwing up
he's got a temperature
fever
loss of appetite
i
148
nfecti on
i
/
/ ailment
to burp
lcer
mouth ulcer
ailergy
encephalitis
ticks)
illness / sickness
hangover
depressr0n
cn0lera
sprains and dislocations (joints)

fractures and breaks (bones)
to twist (an ankle)
to pull a muscle
in plaster (GB) / in a cast (US)
to have the tonsils i adenoids
taken out
/ get something in one's
to have
eye
yellow fever
snakebite
i
lice / nits
fleas
typhus
typhoid
hepatitis
jaund ice
malaria
tubercu los is
psychosomatic
to cut oneself shaving

to get sunburnt
to peel
diabetes
Travellers' problems
slipped disc
sciatica
to take medicine / be on
medication (US)
vaccination / jab(s)
injection / shot
preventive medicine
physi otherapy
dysentery
hygiene
nervous breakdown
li^^^^^
^+"^^^
JII
UJJ-I "^l^+î
UIClIUU UI)UdJU
nfestati on
rab ies
F
Itr
zoonosis
inocu lation
FIRST AID
Look at the following pictures and make a lisl of words and phrases for each one. Then
write lhe story. You could start like this:
Late one afternoon, Chris was driving on a country road, speeding through the
forest when his wife called him on his mobile...
l\"&
L.
--.[ \h
rh2 t-
I'm
: times
s'sick
pe in
H0sP I fAL
First Aid
ambu lance
to staunch the flow of blood
(arterial)
bleed i ng
omornonn\/ drpqcinnc
u, wuu,,,yu
sticking plaster (GB)
accident and emergency department
pressure points
lire brigade (GB) / fire department (US)
gauze
electric shock
cotton wool
to have an accident
to be involved in an accident
minor major fatal injury
"
'
cardiac arrest / heart attack

to give first aid
elecirocuti on
0
kiss of
life /
CPR = cardiopulmonary resuscitation
to stitch
co ncuss i on
to bandage
burn
to put sb in a splint
arm in a sling
stretcher
'
scald
Band-Aid (US)
sc i sso rs
rown Ing
artificial respiration
mouth-to-mouth
tweezers
safety pin
r0urnrquel
lifp-qrrnnnrf cvctpm
medical insurance
Dan 0ag e
. HEALTH.
149
DISABILITIES
I
I
1t'
Which ol the following aids lor people with disabilities

have you seen? What are they called?
Where
What
Do the
rir Tf
fil-iill
A,l
flti/l
ll
TlJ
:i
uff
ufl
il
dry-
Disabilities
handicapped
deaf
the disadvantaged
dumb
mute (US)
deaf-and-dumb (GB)
deaf-mute (US)
lro,more
closed-caption television
Zimmer ({rame)
seeing-eye dogs
white canes
hearing aids
rumble strip
in a wheelchair
sounding traflic lights
ramps
sign language
text-phones
hand les
wheelchair lilts
t0 srgn
tllttltrrrrrrrr:ttlll!::lt!lrrrrrlr:tltI:lI:Iltll!tllll
II
I
If there's one thing I hate more than anything in the world,

it's hiccups. They're so annoying. I always get them when
I'm out at a pub or after I've had a heavy meal, and once
I have them, I can't get rid of them for hours. Or at least,
I
I
I
I
I
We were sitting at the table after having finished a large

meal, and I was just about to light a cigarette when it started.
My friend, Beppino, smiled and said, "You have the hiccups,
I
t
I
I
I
I
I
f
I
I
I
I
don't you?"
"Yes," I replied. "It always happens to me when I've finished
eating."
"
ofl'ered
Beppino.
Yeah, sure,
thought. I've tried everything. There is no
cure for the hiccups.
T
T
T
t
I
lt
Beppino seemed to see the scepticism on my face. "No,

." Before
really," he insisted.
I ecould say anything,
he rushed into the kitchen and came

back with a large glass filled with a delicious red wine he
had brought from ltaly. "This only works with red wine,"
he said. "Beer is no good. Too many, how do you say,
bubbles, yes?"
150
llI:ltllrrrrarrrrltl||llllllltarrrrrrralllrt::l:alllrrrrrt
"What do I have to do?" I asked, feeling a little bit like

I
a guinea pig in a scientil'ic experiment.
Beppino. It
Now letitout. Now I
," instructed
another deep breath. Yes, good."
I
I
a
!
I
I
I
ifts
information on the following text see Exercise 2 on page 152.
that's the way it used to be, until

showed me a fool-proof cure for the hiccups.
crutc nes
Braille
hand icapped
crippled with rheumatism
II
I
I
I
I
I
t
I
I
mentally or physicaliy
blind
I've already tried this, I thought as I repeated the deep
I
T
breathing five or six times. It always seems like it's helping,

I
but the minute I stop breathing deeply the hiccups come
back. I didn't want to offend my guest, however, and I was I
I
curious about what he was going to do with the glass of
8r
continued. After breathing for two or three

I
minutes, Be ppino took the glass and said, "Good, now I
wine, so
exhale, yes.
Allof it! DON'T
I
I
I
I
excited watching me gulp I
d
q
STOP! GOOD!"
Beppino was getting incredibly

down a half-litre of wine, and I was wondering if he was
just pulling my leg. I was also getting so sick that I wondered
if Beppino's cure consisted of making me drink so much
that I would have to throw up. But I drank the whole glass,
gasped for air, and waited. And waited. And waited. It was
a miracle! My hiccups were gone!
"You see," smiled Beppino. "It works every time."
:
I
I
I
t
I
I
I
t
I
I
And he was ris.ht. Every time.
I
I
I
m
|
II
II
I
I
,0,
wail
oen
aPP
oral
onn
nrac
falsr
t'',
TEETH AND THE DENTIST

I
I
Have you ever done a survey similar to the one below?
Where would you probably find such a survey?

What is your opinion on these surveys?
afraid ol the dentist? What scares you most?

ls there anything you like about going to the dentist?
1l Your friend, who is very lrightened of going to the

dentist, has to have some major dental work done. Give
him some tips about how to relax at lhe dentisl.
How would you rate your overall dental
hygiene?
a
b
c
d
e
excellent
very good
average
terrible
within the last six months
between six months and one year ago
between one and two years ago
between two and five years ago
longer than five years ago
The tirst set of teeth are called primary, or

deciduous. ones. and the second set are calied
permanent ones.
The primary teeth are shed when their roots are
resorbed as the permanent teeth push toward the
mouth cavity in the course of their growth.
How often do you brush your teeth?
a
b
c
d
after every meal

after waking up and before going to sleep
once a day
infrequently
How often do you floss your teeth?
tllll
hit tit o r
'onino.
tt.Now
deep
relping,
.-:
s come
re
rdlwas
+ass or
rr three
d. now
a
b
c
once a day
every once in a while
hardly ever or never
a
b
c
Do you eat a lot of fried foods or sweets?
I
I
r
r
r
r
r
[]
every time you brush your teeth

when you wake up in the morning
hardly ever or never
ves
Humans have 20 primary and 32 perrnanent teeth.
The primary teeth begin to appear about six months

after birth, and the primary dentition is complete by
age 2 112; shedding begins about age 5 or 6 and is
finished by age 13.
Like most other mammals, humans have two

successive sets of teeth durine life.
How often do you rinse with mouthwash?
I
I
tu, the lollowing sentences in the right order.

Primary teeth differ from permanent teeth in being
smaller, having more pointed cusps, being whiter
and more prone to wear, and having reiatively large
pulp chambers and small, delicate roots.
poor
When was the last time you visited the dentist?
a
b
c
d
e
Are you
at
Do lhey really show the truth?
rl
I
tlo
Do your gums sometimes bleed when eating

apples or other hard foods? [l Yes f] tlo
Are your teeth sensitive to temperature and
pressure?i-lYes
f]tlo
I
I
ne gulp
he was I
I
rndered I
: much
e giass,
.
I
I
It was I
:
T
Ittr
I
t
t
I
I
I
Teeth and the Dentist
stomatology
room
dental nurse
appoiniment
oral surgeon
orthodontist
braces
false teeth i dentures
oral hygiene
to study
waiting
teeth
floss
plaque
tooth decay
cavity i caries
drill
filling
extraction
to brush one's
wisdom teeth
gum abscess
dental
to have a tooth out
have a tooth pulled
/ have a tooth capped

to fit (or be fitted for) a bridge
loose tooth
to crown a tooth
bad teeth
toothache
(US)
gvgrrngea arveoraris
pus
. HEALTH.
151
MEDICINES AND TREATMENTS

I Look at the pictures 0l medicines on the right. Say what
I
I Sext
each medicine is, and then make sentences saying when

you would use these medicaments. Can you think ol any
other ways to treat the respective health problems?
issue
who
ha
Example:
diseast
oc ietr
When I have a headache, I take two aspirin and lie

down for a while. lf I had the time, it would be betler to
go for a walk instead of taking medicine.
g0vernl
are ther
people
.r
/ Working in pairs, one person looks at this text, and the
Se
other looks at the text 0n page 150. Both texts contain the
inlormation that is missing lrom the other one. Take turns
asking each other questions until you have all ofthe missing
vene
g0n(
a
inlormation.
qvnl-
rrlttrtrllrrllrrrtllllrrtrrrrlltlllrllrrrrtrlttltrtrltrlttl
a
" I asked, r
! If th"r"'r one thing I hate more than anything in the world,
r it's hiccups. They're so annoying. I always get them feelingalittlebitlikeaguineapiginascientificexperiment. r
, and
I when
r once I have them, I can't get rid of them fbr hourr Or at "OK, take a deep breath," instructed Beppino. "Now hold I
fung
wlY'
of
hiccups.
] We were sitting at the table aller a large meal, and I was
when it starled. My
! .;ust about to
r friend, Beppino, smiled and said, "You have the hiccups,
! aon't youi't
I
r "Yes," I replied. "It always happens to me when I've
r-Ilnlsneo eatrng.
r
r
r "I can show you a way to get rid of them," off'ered Beppino.
!
I
least, that's the way it used to be, until an ltalian friend

mine showed me a fbol-proof cure fbr the
! Veah, sure, I thought

I s.ppino seemed to see the scepticism on my face. "No,
! r.iry," he insisted. "It works every time." Before I could
r say anything, he rushed into the kitchen und .u-. bo.k
r with a larse slass filled with a delicious red wine he had
I broueht riotinlu. "This only works with red wine," he
r said. "Beer is no good. Too many, how do you say, bubbles,
I
r
r
.-,,
yesi
it in
as long iis you can. Now let it out, good. Now another
deep breath. Yes,
herp
good."
I
I've already tried this, I thought as I repeated the deep I
breathing five or six times.
I didn't want to offend my guest, however, and I was curious
about what he was going to do with the glass of wine, so
!
:
Beppino took the glass and said, "Good, now exhale, yes. r
Letall of the airout ofyourlungs. Now drink the *in"inU I
I continued. After breathing for two or three minutes,
$',0
probler
so,
in
steps i
c0mbal
the sle;
of it! DON'T STOP! GOOD!"
Beppino was getting incredibly excited watching me gulp

down a half'-litre of wine. and I was wonderins if he was
the art
justpulling.myleg'Iwasalsogettingsosickthatlwondered
if Beppino's cure consisted of miking me drink so much
that I would have to throw up' But I drank the wholeglass,
gasped for air, and waited' And waited' And waited' It was
the
you
!
r
I
might
miracle! My hiccups were
gone!
"You see," srniled Beppino. "It works every tinre. ,,
1
T
And he was right. Every time.
rlrtrrtllrrrrrrlllrtltrrrrlllttrratrltlalrltrtlrllrtrrrrlrr
{'n,
par
th
,n,
the inf
come u
debate
Medicines and Treatments

/
rescri pti on
painkillers
alternatrve medicine
Mental problems
rugs
sedatives
herbal medlcine
sleeping pills
neaters
neurosis
psycn0srs
holistic medicine
nervous disorder
Hart
acupuncture
paran0ia
opiu
massage
sch izophrenia
m0r
med icines
pharmaceuticals
aspr
In
icillin
pills
pen
tablets
side-effect
capsu les
ointment
lotion
drops
garg le
antibiotics
152
nteracti on
ch
ropractic
long{erm effect
aromatherapy
drug trlals / clinical trials

animal testing
allopathic nedicine
homeopathic medicine
osteopathy
hypnosis
meditation
Diseases
mania
herc
manic depressive
c0cu
se n
ility
Alzheimer's disease
tranquilliser
stimulant
metl
so lv
STDs AND DRUG ABUSE

I
1l
I Sexually transmitted diseases are an emotionally charged
In small groups, draw up a proposal for your local

government's new campaign to fight STDs.
Present this proposal to the class and compare it with
other groups' suggestions.
issue and people olten have quite dilferent views on people

who have them than they do on people who have other
diseases. What is the attitude of the various segments of
society in your country (e.9. religious sectors, the
government, schools, etc.) towards STDs? What programs
t:)
1;r
are lhere to help people who have these diseases orto prevenl
people from contracting them?
Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)

venereal disease (VD)
gonorrhoea (the clap
a dose)
syph ilis
AIDS (Acquired lmmuneDeficiency Syndrome)

HIV (Human lmmune-Deficiency
Virus)
one-night stand
prostitute / whore
n0m0sexual
gay
pimp
lesbian
passive immunity
epidemic
lttl
hepatitis
safe sex
help lines
pandemic
;ked,
nerpes
condom
sex education
fungal infections
promiscuity
heterosexual
drug addict / junkie

needle (syringe)
nent.
, ,,1
I]OIO
other
r
r
I
r
I
deep
A lIUElY DTBATE OlI IIRUGS

Last night's televised debate
over the drug problem in continuously
nous r
-.:
so r
ll
so, in what way? What
r
r
steps ate being taken to
Le.
utes,
, yes.
;^,, I
All 1
)l
:
,l
:was
r
r
rlrLu
SuIP
, ,r
nuch
rlass.
-a
twas I
problem in your country?
combat this problem? Are

the steps elfective?
l| ln small groups, read

the ailicle and complete
the paragraphs wilh what
you think each person
might have said.
In groups ol four, use

the information you have
...1
come up with to act out the

debate.
Britain eventually turned into

a shouting match as the
participants voiced their strong
and often differing opinions on
and not
sentences. he
used Holland as
an example of a
favourof establishing a Dutch-
style system of decriminalisation and controlled distribution of drugs.

The campaign's organiser, J.D.
Buckley, a psychiatrist who
has spent years studying drug
itto the
ofalcohol and tobacco by
to children, companng
use
better children and waning
tlrat...
alternative, saying that...
A somewhat comical note

Buckley was interrupted was struck in the debate
several times by Capt. John

the topic. The debate was Stewart of the Liverpool
called in response to a fast- Police Department, who
gmwing petition campaign in denied that Holland's drug
policies had led to less drug
when a young man dressed

in faded jeans and a fie-dye
T-shirt began asking a long
and surprisingly intelligent

series of questions about
addiction in that country. marijuana, until finally

Stressing the danger to the a chair was brought out tbr
public if drugs should become
him and he joined the panel
legal, he ridiculed Buckley's
ofdebaters. The young man.

Martin Blank, protested that
marijuana as well as other
campaign for...
Another participant in the debate
addiction, claimed that the was Janet Homely of the "recreational drugs" should
"War on Drugs" has failed. Children's Defence League. not be placed into the same
Insisting that drug addicts were
victims who needed treatment
^""^"
jail
at
af ls Orug abuse a serious
Homely fircused on the message

thatlegalising drugs would send
category as hard drugs,
Less powerful and dangerous

"recreational" drugs
methadone
nasn
to be addicted to
insisting that...
Drug Abuse
Powerful drugs that alter
Hard drugs
I
II
0prum
perception and may be very

disturbing (hal lucinogens)
m0 rpn Ine
LSD (acid)
heroi n
cocaine (crack)
ecstasy (E)
coke
methylamphetamine (Pervitin
speed)
solvents
grass/pot/marijuana
psilocybin (from mushrooms)

liberty cap
magic mushroom
mescaline (from cactus)
methadone programme
hooked on
Legal drugs
Addiction
alcohol
I0 sn00t up
tobacco
withdrawal symptoms
to cut back / go cold turkey
prescription drugs
. HEALTH.
153
OTHER HEALTH PROBLEMS

I
I
'l tr*
Read the following comments and say which illnesses or
disorders they are describing.
try to
"I'm finally out of the "Oh, God, it
must have
hospital, so I guess that's been something I ate

good. The doctor told me yesterday, maybe that
I'll have to wear the cast pizzal had for lunch, but
for a few months, but just around five o'clock

I already want it off. My I started to feel really
skin itches so badly, sick. I just managed to
to get home from the office

sweat, and I can't get and I made straight for
anything in there to the bathroom. I must
scratch it. And I just can't have thrown up for
get used to walking on hours, I thought it would
never end..."
crutches..."
especially when I start
rl
/Wrile
"Well, basically I have an

imbalance in my blood
"Well, I got the results of

the tests, and it looks like
sugar levels, and it's

quite serious. If I don't
keep an eye on it and take
care of myself, it could
be fatal. So I have to test
my blood-sugar level
several times a day, and
then give myself shots of
insulin to regulate the
level when it gets too
low..."
it's malignant, so they're

going to have to operate
to remove it. But what
really worries me is the
chemotherapy. And,
I mean, I just can't stand
the thought of being
pumped up with all of
bwh
some similar comments about another illness
and write the name of the illness on the back ol the paper.
Then pass the papers ar0und the room and try to guess
the illnesses from the descriplions.
at
il
Wnicn of these illnesses are children's diseases?

What parts of the body do these illnesses affect? Which
of them can y0u get vaccinated against? Which ones have
to be treated only after you are ill with them?
constlpatlon
scarlet fever
pneumonia
flu
chickenpox
whooping cough
typhoid
throat infection
mumps
cholera
tuberculosis
appendicitis
diarrhoea
polio
indigestion
allergy
headache
measles
fbod
poisoning
hepatitis
ulcer
that radiation.
SOIT
for
c
d
Hor
Mal
onl
just
remember my father and

how nauseous and weak
he felt, and ashamed to
go out in public once his
to,n
An
hair fell out..."
WCCKS,
Put the lollowing story
about a child having

tonsillitis into the correct
order.
and
_
_
_
_
spent the
next wbek at home

recovering.
illnesses have you or

someone else you know
had? Compare your list
with a partner and tell
each other about how you
felt, how long you were
ill,
etc.
was having
mumps
scarlet fever
at school one day.
(rubella)
Mv mother let me
chickenpox
whooping cough
glandular fever /
mononucleosis / mono
German measles
It wasn't all bad,

though-Igotto
eat all the ice
I wanted for
a whole week!
but mv throat
swelled up even
further.
and he said that
had tonsillitis.
They operated on
We went to the
doctor,
me the next day,
The
the devr
the infa
formed.
cravingr
pickles;
mother.
measles
trouble
swallowing.
cream
special
the new
My throat felt sore

and
Each sti
wnicn of the following
feeling sick
days,
I first started
stdy home I'rom

school for a few
al
aWh
Asl
weeks)
The mor
now apt
lb.) by tf
diphtheria
acne
$,n
vitamin deficiency
appendicitis
tonsillitis
polio
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
|
o,
Pr,
conc
she's
she's
mate
morr
ante
"whe
Lit
PREGNANCY AND CHILDBIRTH

I
I
of
like
;ults
,ks
lhey're
)perate
t what
is the
And,
t stand
being
all of
just
Belore reading the text about ptegnancy and childbirth,
try to answer the lollowing questions.

a What cravings do pregnant women
sometimes have and why?
b
c
d
tr
I
What is the most crucial time of pregnancy

for the developing baby?
How long does labour usually last?
nce his
list
tell
0w you
/l,ere
which pushes the baby

out through the birth
canal
a stage of pregnancy
a baby born early
PW$E@NFMdY
weak
0r
know
of around the uterus

the series of contractions
Now read the text and check your answers.
ned to
llowing
foetus
Match the words on the left to the definitions

on the right.
rer and
premature baby
c0ntracti0ns
trimester
labour
a developing baby
tightening of the muscles
A normal pregnancy lasts about 9 months, or
its internal organs and muscles through the second and

third trimesters, until it is ready to come out into the world.
Childbirth usually happens after the 36th week of
39
weeks, after the beginning of the last menstrual period.

Each stage of pregnancy, called a trimester, has its own
sDecial characteristics.
pregnancy. Some babies, however, are born prematurely,
The first trimester of pregnancy is the most critical for

the developing foetus, because it is during this period that
the infant's brain, arms, legs, and internal organs are
or before this time. These babies can often face serious
formed. During this time, some women experience strange

cravings for unusual substances such as ice, clay, or
oickles: this condition is often related to a lack of iron, as
the new baby takes the nutrients it needs to grow from its
that begin to force the baby out of the uterus and through
the birth canal. These contractions, called labour, increase
in frequency and intensity as the process continues. First'13
to 14 hours, while
time mothers are usually in labour for
mother.
women who have previously given birth are usually in
health problems, as they are born before their bodies have

fully developed. Childbirth begins with irregular contractions
labour only 8 or
As the pregnancy enters the second trimester, (12-24
hours.
Finally, the baby is expelled from the womb, usually

head first, and starts breathing air, resulting in the baby's
first cry, a sound which will become familiar to its parents
in the vears to come.
weeks) these symptoms subside while new ones arise.

The most noticeable one is weight-gain; most physicians
now approve of a gain of about 9 to 12 kg (about 221o26
lb.) by the end of pregnancy. The foetus continues to form
#WKEPWKWffiffi
't.l
'J
In pairs, speak about what you've been told about your own birth 0r some births in your family.
Pregnancy and Childbirth

c0 nceptr 0 n
sne
s pregnanl
she's expecting (a baby)
midwife
labour pains
to give birth to
scarrage
abortion
premature birth
maternity clothing
to have a baby
postnatal depression
morning sickness
obstetric ian
forceps delivery
ante-natal clinic / classes

"when are you (is it) due?"
maternity ward
epidural
natural childbirth
induced birth
to go into labour
home birth
confi nement
postpartum
Caesarean birth
delivery
. HEALTH.
155
HEALTH PRACTICE MAKES PERFECT

I
OeciOe which of the following expressions collocates with HEALTH (a) and which with DISEASE (b).
1
2
3
4
5
6
||
7
8
9
10
11
12
to transmit
to have
chronic
prone to
f
ragile
to suffer from
is failing
hereditary
to be in good
susceptibility to
took a turn for the worse
to neglect
fnrse words are used metaphorically in the gapped sentences. Place them appropriately.
Dec
2
3
4
5
6
ll'''
ILLS CRIPPLING SICI(AILING UNHEALTHY

SYMPTOMS PARALYSED PAIN
INFECTIOUS/CONTAGIOUS
13
Organised crime is now taking a(n)
14
Politicians are now being blamed for all the
15
The fact is that we are dealing with a(n)
economy here.
15
16
His speech was a success; and what's more, his enthusiasm seems to be
16
17
There were other
17
18
His economic reforms brouoht more
19
Last summer many travel agencies suffered a
20
The latest events left the countrv with a
interest in computer fraud.
13
of society
14
of decline.
than progress.
18
blow.
19
government unable to react quickly.
lll tr*n the following explessions in the left column with their meanings 0n the light.
lll'
21
PWA
any taboo medical condition (e.9. truancy)
21
22
syndrome (e.9. School Phobia Syndrome)
to feel unwell
22
23
shrink
nearly blind
23
24
visually challenged
handicapped
cancer (the language of obituary notices)
24
25
hearing impaired / hard of hearing
dead
25
26
leet first
the consequence of negligence
26
27
long illness
psychiatrist
27
28
(therapeutic/surgical) misadventure
partly deaf
28
29
partially sighted
people living with AIDS, AIDS victims
29
30
to feel funny / have a funny tummy
blind
30
i head shrinker
/
HEALTH _ AND MORE PRACTICE...

I
OeciOe which of the following expressions collocates with HEALTH (a) and which with DISEASE (b).
7 deteriorated
8 incapacitated by
9 to be in bad
to affect
2 broke down
3 broke out
4 contagious
5
6
IT
||
10to look after
fatal
11to die of
12to wipe out
to inoculate sb against
These words are used metaphorically in the gapped sentences. Place them appropriately.
PAINFUL HEALTHY HEADACHE DEADLY BBUISED

FATAL CANCER JAUNDICED
||
ancy)
rces)
13
After his criticism there were also a few
egos and broken hearts.
14
The concept of equality is the basis of a
society.
15
I like to cook and I love eating and that's a
16
His reports are always accurate and reliable but
17
The transition to market economv will be slow and
18
We have to fight against racism. lt is a
19
The biggest
20
What you usually get, is just a
combination.
boring.
sweeprng across turope.
for teachers is testing the students.

view of a society.
| *t,rn the lollowing expressions in the left column with their meanings 0n the right.
21
happy event
near death / very old
22
facts (of life)
to die
23
feed the fishes
the human process of reproduction
24
one foot in the grave
the birth of a child
25
smear
a test for cervical cancer
26
throw up
a weak heart
27
coronary insufficiency / heart condition
(f
cancer (medical jargon)
28
Lucy in the sky with diamonds
haemorrhoids
29
mitotic disease
to vomit
30
Emmas, piles
LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide)
. HEALTH.
157
SPORT
ARCHI
toc
tos
bov
rar(
Are you a sportsperson? Which is your tavourite sport?

Interview at leasl two other people and lind out the lollowing inlormation.
bov
BADMI
What are their f'avourite summer and winter sports?
r0s
Do they prefer indoor or outdoor sports?
tie-l
I0r
bad
How many hours per week / month do they spend playing them?
What sports do they like watching on TV?
rl
snu
BASEE
lLook at the lollowing symbols and give the names ol the sports you recognize. Try to
lind the names for the sports you do not know in English 0n lhe lollowing page. Talk to
your partner or teacher about those you cannot name.
E MHKMM
m MHffiMru
FHI
M
f\h,l tftl WWKH
W
ffit
l@
ffirumm
w re ffiffiKffi
158
net
ligh
toh
to tl
r0p
I0c
bat
batt
cak
b.g
b. fi
BASKE
tob
tod
t0
1r
tos
bac
b.h
neI
0. cl
BOXINI
r0p
toh
to tt
I0 Ui
b.g
b. tr
nng
CANOI
canl
Kayi
P4u
slalr
I
to cl
Sports in the Modern Summer Olympic Games

ARCHERY
to draw a bow
to shoot
bow and arrow
target
bowstring
CYCLING
BIKING
I0 race
bicycle / bike
r0a0 races
track or velodrome races
oftroad mountain bike
BADMINTON
i0 serve
to return
tie-break
badminton court
neI
lightweight rackets
shuttlecock
BASEBALL
t
d
-l
to hit
to throw
to pitch
to catch
bat
batting helmet
catcher's mask
b. glove
b. field
/ BICYCLING /
races
youth BMX races

helmets
padded gloves and

shorts
stiff-soled shoes
g0ggres
to ride / cycle
DIVING
to dive
competitive diving
takeoff
springboard
to go diving
to go snorkelling
scu0a
EQUESTRIAN SPORTS
n0rse
BASKETBALL
to bounce
to dribble
to travel
to shoot
backboard
b. hoop
neI
b. court
rider
dressage
show jumping
and three-day
eventing
obstacles
hurdles
steeplechase
FENCING
BOXING
to punch
to hit below the belt
to throw in the towel
to win on points
b. gloves
b. trunks
flng
CANOEING
can0e
kayak
paddles
slalom and wildwater
canoeing and
kayaking
to commit a fault
foil
6p6e and sabre

mask / visor
to score touches
6p6e fencing is one of
the five events in the
modern pentathlon
FIELD HOCKEY
GYMNASTICS
sports gymnastics
(men and women):
floor exercise:
maI
knee bend
somersault
cartwheel
handstand
headstand
pommel horse, vault,
rings, parallel bars,
horizontal bar,
uneven bars, balance
0eam
rhythmic sports
gymnastics
(only women): mat, rope,
a hoop, a ball, clubs
and a ribbon
floor exercise - judged
on composition and
execution
TEAM HANDBALL
an indoor court game
to throw
pass
dribble
catch
00unce
hold or strike the ball
JUDO
adapted from traditional
Japanese martial art,
means "gentle way"
to throw or pin the
opponent on the mat
to apply holds
4 minutes for women and
5 minutes for men
to score an ippon
jacket
Ir0users
no socks or shoes
belts of different colours
MARATHON
ball
sticks
shirts and shorts
or skirts
mouth and shin guards
goalkeepers
face guards
ano groves
umprres
timekeepers and
sc0reKeepers
running event
traditionally the longest
race,42 km to duplicate
the distance run by
a Greek soldier from the
town of Marathon to
Athens in 490 BC to
bring the news of a
Greek victory over the
PENTATHLON
originally: jumping,
running, wrestling,
throwing the discus,
and hurling the spear
or javelin
nowadays: the contest
includes pistol
shooting, fencing,
swrmmrng, an
equestrian event, and
cr0ss-c0unIry runnrng
ROWING
to pull one oar

to face the stern
to steer the boat
cox(swain)
to pull a pair of oars
sculling
TARGET SHOOTING
to aim
to fire a pistol / gun
a rifle
bull's-eye
small-bore
high-power events
SWIMMING
swimsuit / bathing suit
bathing cap
goggles
can you do the crawl
breaststroke
backstroke
butterfly
sidestroke
freestyle
starting block
swimming lane
medley race
reray
TABLE TENNIS
table
lightweight celluloid ball
and small rackets
often called bats or
paddles
to hold
to hit
to miss the ball
to touch the net
umpire
net ball
Persians
. SPORT.
159
edge ball
strokes
to serve
VOLLEYBALL
to return
ATHLETTCS
(GB)/ TRACK
AND FIELD (US)

spikes
running shoes
"on your marks, get set,
go!"
on the starting blocks
to jump the gun
inside outside lanes
dash / sprint
sprinter
'
court
high net
volleyball
t0 serve
to hit
to return the ball
to rotate / move
clockwise
referee
scorer
umpire
line judges; spikers
blockers - single or
multiple blocks
WATER POLO
hurdling
middle-distance run
distance run
long-distance runner
to shoot / hold a ball

netted goals
goalie
relay
pool
a{nanlnahaan
Dr.vuPrnr/r rdntr
walk
high jump
pole vault
long jump
triple jump
shot put
discus/hammer/javeli n
throw
decathlon and heptathlon
referee, goal judge

timekeeper
recorder
to impede movement
penalties
WEIGHTLIFTING
to lift metal weights

encased in rubber
barbell - a steel rod to

which plates (also
called disks) of
different weights may
be attached by
means of clamps
called spin-lock
c0llars
snatch
clean and jerk
ditferent classes
according to body
weight
WRESTLING
freestyle: holds below the
waist and the use of
the legs
Graeco-Roman : tripping,
tackling and using the
legs to secure a hold
are not permitted;
attempt either to
throw the opponent to
the mat or to use
holds to drop him to
the mat
SAILING
sailboat
00w
stern
life-jacket
sailing or running before
the wind
sailing off the wind
fixed keel
1tn
that are
Which
MASI
part of
wishbone
ancien
soccER
field (US)
(association) football /
football pitch (GB)
strip
shin-guards
anythinr
that is
^,,tl
match
paragra
kick-off
to foul
obstruction
penalty
throw-in
goal kick
to dribble
r0 pass
to tackle
to shoot
to hit the post
cr0ss0ar
goalkeeper / goalie
offside
referee
linesmen
SKIING
Alpine
downhill s.
slalom
giant slalom
combined event
ski boots
bindings
combined crosscountry skiing and

rifle-shooting
BOBSLEDDING
p0res
steep slopes
ski{ow
ski-lift
T-bar lift
chair lift
gondola lift
cable car I aerial
tramway (US)
funicular
Nordic
cross-country s.
WAX
ski jumping
free-style skiing
160
BIATHLON
sledge (GB)/sled (US)

twisting courses on
hillsides
glare ice
to push the sledge
forward
helmets
thick gloves
referee
linesmen
face-off / throw-in
attacking zone
offside
c The
d Ket
e Est
$'ntn
that me
1wa
icing
cross-check
hat trick
sudden-death overtime
penalties
to "bob" the sledge

captain
braker
tripping, slashing
with the stick
power play
shootout
ICE SKATING
rink
ide
spi
pa
cal
6rr
de
tra
tel
7he
a racing toboggan on
which riders lie on their
backs. descending feet
first
tml
an'
col
a
foL
inc
alk
tha
10
ICE HOCKEY
holding,
spr
pr(
LUGE
to leap into position
goal nets
playing area
speed skating
skates
skale-guards
figure-skating:
compulsories
individuals
free skating
pairs skating
ice dancing
Thr
bWa
3
skaters
long sticks
puck
protective pads
direct free kick
Sports in the Winter Olympics

snowboarding
cor
the
g before
nd
I
I
Try to list all ol the activities

that are part ol the 0lympics today.
Which of them do you think were
part of the original Olympics in

ancient Greece? Was there
anything in the original 0lympics
that is missing loday?
rtball /
(GB)
THE OLYMPICS
FROM ATHENS TO LONDON
at
Read the following text and

match the appropriate title to each
pa rag ra ph.
1
In 1896, a French nobleman named Pierre de Coubertin welcomed
n
athletes from thirteen countries to compete in the l-irst Olympic Games in
Athens. Of course, this event was not the first of its kind. Rather, it was
modelled on the ancient Greek Olympic Games held between city states
during the 'Golden Age' of Greece. The modern version of the games,
however, is very different from the original ones.
b War and conflict in the Games
The original Olympics, in fact, had

n
very little to do with spofts at all. Of all the
games held throughout Greece, those staged
at Olympia in honour of Zeus are the most
f'amous. The records of the earliest Olympics,
which took place in 7768C, show that there
was only one sporting event at all: a foot race
c The success of the Games
of about 180 meters. In
a The rebirth of a fadition
d Keeping the Games fair

e Establishing the tradition
llie
,n, text opposite find
a word
that'nmeans:
was formed in imitation of

special impodance or
prominence attached to st
identifying divinity or
spirituality in nature;
pantheistic
came into conflict

promote the growth or
dorrolnnmont
an 0n
on their
ing feet
nf
these early
competitions, the emphasis was more on

cultural activities such as music and theatre.
It was only in the l8th Olympics, when the
warlike Spartans began participating, that
many sporting activities such as wrestling, discus throwing, and chariot racing
began to become more important than the cultural aspects of the competitions.
The Olympics continued to play an impofiant role in Greek society until 393
AD, when the Roman emperor Theodosius I outlawed them because their
pagan nature clashed with the Christian ideology of the Empire.
3n
Today, the Olympic Games have nothing to do with honouring

gods. Rather, they are inspired by the ideal that friendly non-violent
competition can foster respect and understanding between nations. In some
respects, the Olympics have been successful at this. Almost all of the
world's countries compete regularly in the event, and every four years the
games move to another city, thus allowing its parricipants to come in contact
with different cultures. The Olympics have also become incredibly popular
thanks to advances in technolosv that now allow the sames to be broadcast
live across the planet.
4n
But the games have also had their share of problems. One of them
transmit by radio or
television
has been the use of performance-enhancing drugs by athletes in the Olympics.
heightening, intensifying or
improving the quality
To counter this, the Intemational Olympics Committee has set up a team of

doctors who check players for steroids and other drugs in their blood. Several
athletes have been stripped of their medals because of drug use.
any of a group of organic

compounds with
a characteristic structure ol
four rings of carbon atoms,
including many hormones,
alkaloids, and vitamins
have been deprived of
10 combined in refusing to join

the Games as punishment
5
The spirit of non-violent competition has also been disrupted by
fl
intemational politics. The PLO murdered Israeli athletes in Munich 1972,
and many countries have boycotted the games on numerous occasions: in
1976, thirty-three African countries refused to take part in the Olympics kr
protest against apartheid in South Africa, and the United States and the
Soviet Union traded boycotts in the 1980s, with the US and its allies refusing
to participate in the 1980 Summer Games in Moscow, and the USSR and its
allies doing the same in the 1984 Summer Games in Los Angeles. These
problems just go to show that although the Olympic Games reflect some of
our loftiest ideals thev also reflect some of our worst conflicts.
. SPORT.
161
WINTER SPORTS
I
I
How good a skier are you? ll

you ski, tell a partner about your
lirst time on skis. ll you have never
been skiing, discuss some other
activi$ that you have learned and
February morning when we finally
descril
arrived at our ski
Why
What
ready forour
2_.
Being
the lirst time you tried it (e.9.

surling, roller skating, riding a
terribly excited, I immediately
bicycle, etc.).
jumped out and
at
get the skis off of the ski
now read the text and lill the

gaps with the words below:
1is
It was about 1l a.m. on a bright
sta rted
Was
hr
trying to
All of
Now gi
suited
my
friends, however, went to the side
handluls of snow. muttering to
I picked up a handful of
ticket /
snowpl0ugh
lift pass
cr0ss-c0untry
rack
downhill
skiing holiday
0ar0
worried. It was 4__________,

snow that had been melted by
a warm spell and then frozen
again. Not exactly the perfect
Rtter filling in the gaps, read
RE,
bottom of
and a half hour later
threatening ski 6
on skis. My first disaster came at the ski 7
and phrases that you want to
operator my 8
remember.
a
*.,r',
the story from the text in

your own words. Use as many of
the words you inserted as possible.
Write a short paragraph (100
words maximum) describing a

different lirsl attempt at skiing,
using the same vocabulary again.
Then read it to your partner.
I was sittins
at the
trying to get used to standing
the text again and underline words
The fol
for var
namesl
conditions fbr my first attempt at 5
I was determined to try, however.
.t
benc
snow,
I realised why they all looked so
ift
ski pass
at
keep
to lil
each other in low voices. As
po les
I
Ke
of the road and started picking up
slope / piste
skis
hard-packed
lodge
I showed the
and, when it was finally my turn, he grabbed
little rope and shoved it between my legs. I was jerked up the slope, and
made it about fifteen feet befbre I fell off and slid back down to the bottom.
It took fbur embarrassing tries before I finally managed to stay up until the
top.
off, trying to
9
as my friends had taught me, keeping my
10
pointing inward in a little v, but I instantly realised
I had no control over where and how fast I was going. I lost both of my
Once at the top,
11
wished
had never tried.
pushed
hit two trees and one old ladv. and fell down countless
times before I reached the bottom with a twisted knee and a wide range of
bruises and scrapes. My friends encouraged me to keep trying, but I just
shook my head and walked off to the pub, stopping to throw my useless
lift ticket in the rubbish

T2
162
can. Next time,
skiing instead.
thought,
I'll
try
taking
KEEPING FIT
1
I {83} You will hear the first parl ol a recording in which the speaker
,---r
f, iBl
Listen to the second part
describes his attempts at keeping lit.
of the recording.
Why did the speaker start exercising?
Does the speaker mention any

the sports you suggested?
What kind of exercise did he begin with?

Was he happy with it? Why / why not?
of
Which sport does he finally

decide on and why?
Now give the speaker some advice on what kind of sport would be better
suited lor him and why, using some of the phrases lrom the box below.
.:
.=
Keeping Fit
keep-fit cenire (GB)
/ fitness
center
(US)
iron
hennh nress / nress 25 kilnnrams
to lift weights / pump

/ y'uuu
Lv
'\r've
rt-u ps
callisthenics
aerobics
push-ups
star jumps
exercise bike
/ jumping jacks (US)
barbel ls
RECREATIONAL SPORTS
The following is a list of equipment
lor various sporls. Whal are their

g at the
names? Talk about those you enjoy

taking part in.
ved the
tennis racquet
jogging shoes
roller skates
pabbed
sledge
tanding
pe, and
sled
parachute (sky-diving)
saddle (equitation)
)ottom.
ntil the
pool stick
risbee
squash racquet
skateboard
/lng to
lg
my
'ealised
Lofmy
runtless
ange
of
rt I just
walking shoes
dartboard
fishing rod
swimming costume
bat
snowm0bile
wet suit
water skis
surfboard
mallet (croquet)
useless
raft
'll
aqualung and f lippers

cramp0ns
try
caddy
H?'o
. SPORT.
163
PROFESSIONAL SPORT
Read th
I
I
Athletes in many sports such as

tennis and gymnastics start training
at a very early age and devote
large part of their lives to their sport.
What are your feelings on this

matter? Should minors be banned
lrom playing in the 0lympics and in
prolessional sports?
at
*;;.;-r;;";;; &
|tit(
ltt{(
lllfi
$ll
str
of
co
le
in
an
pl
Julie's situalion. ls this a common
re
situalion in your country? Do you know

anyone who is in a similar situation?
pr
Julie advice on what she

should do, lrom several diflerent
points of view.
Possible roles: Julie, Jason, trainer,
school friend, skating friend, parents,
sp0ns0r.
Act out what differenl combinations
of these people might say to each

olher, e.g. mother - trainer, school
afl
ev
.l In groups of five or six, take turns

giving
ffi
Read the passage and discuss
ar
'i\
ag doesn't have much time left for other activities.
Z.tl. Her bo-vl'riend. Jason. is verv understandins and -\
n.u.1 ,.i,- n",. openty rhar he
Y)
spend more time with him rather than on tt-t. i...
\
but she knows he's a bit unhappy about how little ,{/
B
at
they see each other. She has also got out of toucn (J;
hTwi
p00fi with all of her old friends. They are much rnore $$S{
n\N.^{\
into going out to dances and movies and all
"f htffi
"normal
has
teenager"
things.
Julie
those
other
!sff(
ryWl
already been wondering if she shouldn't try to O"
m
)0tt{ more of a "normal teenager", and if she decides
)fil{
)tt0( to ffy out for the olympic team, she'lI have
"',r",t
SKI']
friend
sponsor.
hc
1tl
pe
TI
Wi
at
SC
of
ea
Try to imagine lhat you are a parent
ol a promising ten-year-old swimmer.

Your partner wants her to pursue a
profesional career. She herself is very
fond ol competing but has other talents
as well. Actually, she is good at almosl
w
th
o\
br
ar
p(
anything that comes her way...
discussion with your

! Roleplay ayour
partner
daughter's future.
about
Professional Sport
sportsman
sportswoman
to take part in a sport
to cheat / not to play fair
/ non-professional
pturu)Jiurldr v )ildil rdruul
amateur
gold medal
ban
ar
suspension
kr
champ i on
TV revenues
OI
io be a good / bad loser
excrusrve cOverage
pl
coach
trainer
needle match
(GB)i grudge match (US)
a 'friendly'
beta blockers
home (field) advantage

unlai r advantage
in the stands
on the terraces
hool iganism
between A and B (GB)

conference match (US)
testi ng
'
leam spiril
'
Giving advice
transfer fee
qualifying matches
anabolic steroids
muscle mass
to +eel part of a team

to win lose draw
SN
ot
world record
^"^{^^î^^^t,,^h^'-^+îi,',
to fail a drug test

mandatory / obligatory urine
(k
a non-
I advise you to..
Er
Take my advice and ..
bc
/ ought to
You'd better (not)..
You should
lf I were you I'd
..
Don't
o1
You can't please everybody

You need to set your priorities
pL
You're burning the candle at both ends
cl
1b
SPORTS IN ENGLISH.SPEAKING COUNTRIES

Read the following articles ab0ut vari0us sp0rts and
such as
tra in ing
lvote
ir
sporl.
rn this
banned
i and in
iscuss
0mm0n
ou know
ualion?
d
lurns
rat she
ke
ilf
erent
trainer,
tarents,
nations
to each
school
fill in the
SKITTLES AMERICAN FOOTBALL CRICKET
professional tournaments. Despite its

altractiveness. _
is not a game fbr
everyone; it requires a high degree of skill that
honed only with great patience and dedication, and

it requires an investment in equipment and f'ees that
persons of averarge means may not f'eel worthwhile.
The novice is often discouraged by these factors.
The origin of
is uncertain. The game
was first definitively recorded at Guildfbrd in Suney

at the end of the I 6th century. and the first known
set of rules was wdtten in 1744. The Marylebone
Club, which is the world governing body
a parent
vimmer.
throws the ball (with a straight-arm, usually
overhand delivery), attempting to put out the
I is very
batsman by hitting the wicket or in other ways. Runs
r talents
are scored each time that the batsmen exchange

positions without being put out.
t almost
GOLF BOWLING
BOWLS
a runway resembling a modern

lane. The Kegel was said to represent the
Heide ("heathen"). A stone was rolled at the
Heide, and those successfully toppling it werc
believed to have cleansed themselves of sin.
Although the peasants' club evolved into pins,
the associirtion remained, and even today
bowlers are often called keclers.
5
is
RUGBY
of
is a cross-country game played by

striking a small ball with various clubs from a series
of teeing grounds into a like series of holes on a
course. The player who holes his ball in the
f-ewest strokes wins. The same orisinated
in Scotland and has spread tiom obscure
antiquity to worldwide popularity. Its ,
players piirticipate at every level, fi'om {
recreational _______to popuiar televised
ofthe sport, was fbrmed in 1787. It is a game played

with bat and ball between two teams of I I players
each on a large tield, which centres upon two upright
wickets, each det-ended by a batsman. A bowler
ursue
names 0f sp0rts below.
was played fbr centuries in public houses

or clubs, mostly in westem England and the Midlands,
southern Wales, and the Lothian region of Scotland.

The rules and methods of scoring varied fiom place
to place, but the basic principle of bowling a wooden
or rubber ball (weighing about l0
pounds
[4.5kilogramsl) at nine large, oval-headed pins, set in

diamond formation 2l f'eet (about 6.5 m) away,
remained the same.
According to legend,
began in I 823.
when, during a game of fbotball at _
School.
William Webb Ellis picked up the ball and ran with it.
The run was a clear violation of the rules of the -eame
that later came to be called association fbotball. or
soccen bLrt the illegality proved popular and led to
the game of _,
a primarily ball-handling game,
as distinct fiom soccer. a primarily kicking game. In
1846, rules of _
were published at the school.
ln 1863, the Football Association (FA) was formed in
London, and afier a futile attempt to reconcile the rules
was left
to accommodate the two sames.
outside the FA.
Lawn
ilh your
i
future.
II
I
I
I
II
I
I
I
I
I
I
rnds
I
I
I
. outdoor same in which a ball

(known as ii bowl) is rolled toward a
smaller stationary ball, called a jack. The
object is to roll one's bowls so that they
come to rest nearr to the jack than those of
an opponent; this is sometimes achieved by
knocking aside an opponent's bowl

was
or the iack. A lirnn of
played in ancient Egypt, and by the Middle
Ages the game was well-known in continental
Europe. The International Bowling Board, the rr"rling
body of lawn _
, was founded in 190-5.
The modern sport of _

at pins probably
originated in ancient Germany, not as a sport but as
a religious ceremony. As early as the 3rd or 4th
century AD. in rites held in the cloisters of churches,
parishioners may have placed their ever-present
club, or Kegel (the implement most Germans carried
fbr sport and. certainly, self-protection), at one end
Protessional
began in the I 890s. but it
was not until the lise of television after World

War II that it became one of the dominant
-()
Aurerican sourts. A selies ol'derrths and

fr
in.iuries in 1905 prompted President il'
Theodore Roosevelt to call for more
changes to make the game safer. Rules
wene thus created that included the
introductir>n of the forward pass.
new fbrmations, and the prohibition of blocking with
extended arms. In 1910, the National Collegiate
Athletic Association (NCAA) was fbrrned to govern
American intercollegiate competition. Postseason. or
"bowl," games played between leading college teams,

became popular and now include the Rose Bowl
(Pasadena, Calif.), Orange Bowl (Miarni), Su-ear Bowl
(New Orleans). Sun Bowl (El Paso, Texas). Cotton
Bowl (Dallas, Texas), and Gator Bowl (Jacksonville.
FIa.).
. SPORT.
165
THE GAMES PEOPLE PLAY

I tnrto
I
I
What kind ol person would these sports be suilable for?

What personality is not likely to be very good at them?
first is g
a
KARAIE KAnat
t&l*,
FII
XIARAIE
'o.n
I
I
10
11
lll'n
their mt
lt
at the lollowing words and group lhem under

the sport they reler to. Some words may be used lor
more than one sport.
/Look
In small groups, invent a new sport. Talk about the

equipment needed lo play it, some ol the rules, and how
to play it. Then use the space below and write a short
description ol your sport and present it to the class.
throw-in
SCTVE
shoot
basket
16
cleats
corner kick
travel
base
Ii
17
18
ne
19
slam
20
forehand
net
21
defence
umpire
'
offence
22
referee
backhand
goalie
166
23
SPORT
T
The lollowing sentences should be rearranged. Read them and write numbers 1-7 to indicate the correct order. The
first is g and the last is
a
b
e.
Participants can display their knowledge of athletes without revealing anything considered private.
Games between teams classified as "major football powers" attract nation-wide television audiences
that number in the millions.
c
d
e
Some football and basketball coaches are paid higher salaries than the presidents of their institutions.
College sports, especially football, are conducted in an atmosphere of intense excitement.
Expressions from sports are extraordinarily common in everyday American speech. Baseball is probably
the source of more idiomatic expressions than any other sport.
Sports are a very frequent topic of conversation, especially among males. "Small talk" about sports is
safe - interesting, but not too personal.
Nowhere else in the world are sporls associated with colleges and universities in the way they are in the
United States.
TT
| ldentily the correct c0llocati0ns
FIELD PITCH COURSE COURT RINK POOL

12
ice
football
13
volleyball
baseball
golf
14
tennis
15
roller
swimmino
8
9
10
11
ttl
||
using the given w0rds.
fne following expressions, used l0 talk about sport and games, can also be used metaphorically. According to
their meaning, decide in which senlences (16-30) they belong.

to gamble
ranked as favourite
to be in the running
to be out of the running
to make all the running
skating on thin ice
plain sailing
trump card
rout the
keep / play one's cards close to one's chesl
Ind how
unsporting
key player
a short
moving the goalposts

the odds are
the stakes
to be a gamble
iS.
16
The new leader has produced the

reforms in the health-care system.
_,
we have no idea what he is up to.
17
He
18
Marriage is a
19
The
20
company
He has been _
_,
It was
22
I found
They were always

so that nobody
could tell what they actually wanted.
25
ln the comoetition he was
26
This gives you an advantage in the promotion
27
To be _
to win this wonderful holiday jusl
fill in the coupon and send it in.
for the job.
all on the new factory.

and so far he has always
got away with it.

21
24
we had no problems at all.
their behaviour _
reason for doing that to me.
. They had no
for the title.

28 This may have put him _
29 Women
in the demands for change.
that this is not qoing to work.
30
Although he has no right to vote, he is a

in the scheme.
. SPORT.
167
SPORT
I
The following sentences should be rearranged. Read them and write numbers 1-7 to indicate the correct order.
Through
page sh
Read the newspapers or look in the telephone book under the name of whatever sport interests you for
things such as ski clubs, walking clubs, fencing, gymnastics, judo, karate, and aerobic classes, ice
skating, squash and racquetball clubs, bicycle clubs, bowling clubs, riding groups, and bird-watching
clubs.
phrases
Roller-skating, Frisbee throwing, and kite flying are all popular, especially in parks; one can also find
paths for biking, jogging, or walking in these areas.
2C
c
d
e
f
Newcomers to the United States often find it difficult to participate in the particular sports they enjoy.
1r
3k
4I
5s
Golf and tennis are very popular.

Actually, this need not be so.
In addition to private clubs, nearly all cities maintain numerous tennis courls and golf courses which are
ooen to the oublic for a fee.
FAMII
By knowing where to look, it's possible to find a way to participate in any sport.
TI
| | ldentify the correct c0ll0cati0ns using the given w0rds.
WRESTLER TRACK SHOES RINK TABLE HOOP RACQUET RING

running
8
12
squash
9
boxing
13
basketball
10
walking
skating
14
11
billiards / pool
15
sumo
HOMI
'I
2I
3t
4p
FOOr
'lF
21
3i
4t
TTT
| | | fne following expressions, used t0 talk about sport and games, can also be used melaphorically. According to
their meaning, decide in which sentences (16-30) they belong.
first past the post
outsider
put / lay your cards on the table
to be a pawn in
play someone's game
touch base (with someone)
game's up
good spon
3l
4\
marathon
own goal
baiting
neck and neck
CLOT
1t
at stake
against all odds
Running
as candidates were the former
Prime Minister and his opponent.
23
17
Until the election campaign started, he was an
24 | am certainly
25 Always
unKnown
18
Hundreds of jobs were
19
He managed to accomplish the task
20
The existing
system of electing the
government is considered by many people to be
ZI
3t
He wants me to
l'll quit the job.
_,
but he can forget about
not in the mood to be a
with me, I warn you.
The meeting was a
27
Come
28
I suppose I'm proving to myself l'm not just a _

in some financial system; I'm an independent
on,
three-hour session.
there is no need to hide anything.
oerson.
to
with him on this matter.
21
I need
22
Giving that project up would be an _.

should be promoted and developed.
When the last attempt failed, he realised that the

lt
30
This
racist
it:
_.
26
unfair.
1.
2i
play fair
',|
SHOF
seems to be going on and on
4(
5l
woR
1r
2r
31
41
5t
TOWI
1f
2r
PHRASES AND PHRASAL VERBS

t
order.
you for
Throughout the book you will find a number ol verbs and phrases which are typical of everyday conversation. This
page should remind you ol some ol them. Fill in the missing part and explain the meaning of the short phrases. The
phrases have been grouped by topics:
rce
ching
l find
njoy.
hich are
takes __ _ his father

go
maternity leave
3
4
5
kiss and make

they go __*_ __ together
SIGHTSEEING
FAMILY
t
2
3
4
5
he
set
home
house
HOME
t
2
3
4
5
her career has
gone
the roof
Iake _
aloan
take
one's shoes
put _
a phone jack
put a ceiling
the income of sb
IG
FOOD
1
2
3
4
rrding to
put the kettle
Iake-_
go
(restaurant)
for dinner
the milk has gone
go
prices have gone _______ or

| was cheated - thev took me
What size do you take
)out
it:
take care
take
take
go
put a
shoes?
)n.
Lnything.
mention
st
make your way _______ st

the hand-break
one's seat belt
lake
put
put the car

___ neutral / reverse
set foot _______ dry land
put
put
the clutch
the brake
take the wind
of one's sails
_____-
sock
clothes
a hemline
waists
of vogue
_*_
take a day
CLIMATE
take a rain check
dinner
protect
take steps
communities
__
St
t
It's going to clear

It's nninn tn trrrn
ine.
THE HUMAN BODY
it
make
a cheque ____
make _____ meet
put
a price
go __ ___ strike
make hay _______ the sun shines

a watchdog committee has been set
take st _______ granted
sb
t
2
3
have one's tonsils taken

iI'll take some neck / gall
put one's foot
it
try that
HEALTH
1
2
put sb _______ a splint

|ake care ______ sb
TOWN & COUNTRY
Ine
'1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1
2
WORK & LEISURE
1
2
3
4
5
make a
TRAVEL
1
2
3
a shopping spree
CLOTHES
1
2
3
4
5
put a spell
_ sb
Iake sb _______ st
FARMING
SHOPPING
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
make
a story
take sb _______ court
take _______ crime
food that has oone

go
alone at nighl
on.
169
MEDIA
t'o,
first,
4a
and
A RTSP||IISIBII PRTSS ||R IAPII||G I||URIIAIISMP
I
I
How do you leel about the press in

your country? Do you feel that it keeps
you well informed?
fl
Do you have a tabloid press oI
gutter press in your country? How does

it difler from the quality press, both in
content and style?
Find a word in the text that means:
newspapers, usually popular in sqrle with

bold headlines and large photographs,
having pages of half size
2 the state of requiring
immediate
action or attention
freelance photographers who pursue
celebrities to get photographs of

them
4
5
6
exceeding proper or permitted limits
the act or an instance of intruding
7 to institute civil
legal proceedings
against someone
people or documents providing

evidence that can be relied on
Although the tabloid press has long been the subject of scorn and criticism
in British society, it was, for the most part, not taken as anything too
serious. The sleazy, sensationalised newspapers were seen more as an
embarrassment and a minor irritation than a real problem. The death of
Diana, Princess of Wales, however, lent a new urgency to the whole issue.
and maintained by the tabloids was brought to a
tragic end, at least in part by the behaviour ofthe paparazzi. In the public
outcry that followed Diana's death, many called for strong action against
the excesses of tabloid reporters and photographers. But how will these
A fairy tale created
actions,
if
taken, affect British citizens and their right to be fully
informed?
Many people agree that the tabloid newspapers often do go too far.
Obviously, no celebrity can escape some level of intrusion by the media.
However, the tabloid press does not aiways stop at this. Many celebritres
have had to endure public exposure of the most intimate details of their
lives, as papanzzi photographers snap shots of them in every imaginable
setting. They have also had to endure countless assaults on their
reputations, as the tabloid papers report half-truths and dirty rumours as
if they were established facts. There are truly no holds barred in the
battle to get the largest circulation.
trn
their
short u
colourll
story.
develol
words
the rigl
the number of copies sold, especially
of journals and newspapers
lill
newspa
NEWSPAPERS
(,
an
reporting that inquires intensively

into controversial issues
10 unknown or undeclared source or
So, what can be done? One way to keep journalists from this type of
irresponsible behaviour is through the courts. If a newspaper writes an
untrue story about you, or damages someone's reputation by telling lies
about them in print, it can be sued for /ibel. Newspapers therefore have
to make sure that their stories are based on the facts provided by reliable
sources the people who newspaper writers get their information from.
Therefore, if I write a story which accuses an MP of being an alcoholic,
I have to have at least one source who will testify that he or she has
actually seen that person habitually drunk.
authorship
Here are the answers. What

questions do they answer?
a More of
a
b
c
an embarrassment than
real problem.
Princess Diana's death.
Invasion of privacy and personal

attacks.
d
e
f
g
To sell the most newspapers.

Sue them fbr libel.
They won't want to talk to reporters.

The judges.
Sounds reasonable, right? Like many well-meaning laws, however, the

libel laws can also be abused. The reason for this is that the line between
investigative reporting and abusive paparazzr reporting is very difficult

to draw. Suppose, for instance, that you were writing a story about the
illegal disposal of nuclear waste at a local nuclear plant, and you were
basing your story on the information supplied by a member of the plant's
management. If your source's employers found out about this, they would
most likely sack that person. Your source will therefbre want to remain
anonymous. lf the manager of the nuclear plant takes you to court,
however, you might be fbrced to reveal the identity of your source, who
would then most certainly be dismissed. lf sources cannot remain
anonymous, then people will be much less willing to talk to reporters
about sensitive issues. The judges who rule over these cases must
therefore be careful that the laws are applied in a way which ensures
responsible journalism, while still leaving reporters the freedom to infonn
their readers about important issues.
plu
rt
.l
tist tne various sections ol a British newspaper.

lirst, and the ones you find less importanl last.
4 4st
Andrew and Gary are sitting al
Put the sections you
a call,reading
think are the most important
newspapers. Listen to their conversation
and fill in what each of them likes about their newspaper and what they dislike about the other's
newspaper.
ISMfl
ntlclsm
ring too
re as an
ieath of
le issue.
3ht
e
to
public
agalnst
ill these
re
fully
too far.
:media.
ebrities
of their
ginable
'n their
IOUTS AS
I in the
type of
rites an
ing lies
re have
reliable
n from.
:oholic,
she has
ver, the
retween
lifficult
tr
Sort the following words into four newspaper

headlines. Below are the first lines ol each of the
colourful words t0 draw the eye and add interest to a

story. Because 0l this, newspaper headlines have
CIG DRUG VOW BACKS TO QUITS

SCANDAL GRAFT REVENUES CUTS
TAX OVER PLUMMET PROBE
WELFARE REJECT LOOM DEAL
REBELS KEEP AS BAN FIGHTING
attacks
criticises
After an investigation into drug abuse amongst
Dan
rise
bid
prohibit
it was announced yesterday that the govemment would

support the proposed restrictions on cigarette sales.
CUIS
supp0rts
deal
disagreement
f ights
looms
plummets
piant's
r would
rejects
remain
) court,
set
)porters
)s must
ensures
inform
MINISTER TEEN
causes
backs
rout the
)u were
remain
articles.
developed a vocabulary ol their own. Match the headline

w0rds 0n the lelt to their m0re c0mm0n syn0nyms 0n
the right.
probe
:e, who
(l
trtewspaper headlines have little space t0 convey

their message t0 the readers. They must therelore use
short words in order to save space, while also using
quits
r0w
surge
talks
triggers
v0w
graft
refuses
?
I
teens,
The Minister of Defence announced today that he

would resign, saying that he wanted to focus his full
bri bery
attention on the bribery charges being brought against
0pp0ses
him.
reductions
The government today announced major reductions

in welfare spending due to the falling tax revenues
rea0y
pr0mise
brought aboul by the recession.
attempt
i nvestigation
negotiation
Rebel forces in the south of the country rejected yet
agreement
government, saying that they were preparing another

major offensive.
is about to happen
another proposal to
join peace talks with
the
falls
resign
-l
trtow create a headline and first sentence 0l your

own. Jumble the headline and invite a classmate t0
unscramble it.
. MEDIA.
171
TELEVISION
I
I
What is your attitude towards television? Complete

the survey below, then compare your answers with the
rest of the class. In four groups prepare a survey resull
lor the entire class. Then compare your findings.
How much television do you watch a day?
!
E
n
!
!
none
r)
Now write a summary of the survey's findings lor your

class. Do you think that you are typical of your country?
What dilferences might there be in a national survey?
un"
are ofte
stations
pop
l't
mur
.l
Wnat is "prime time"? Why is it important? What kinds

of shows do you usually see during prime lime?
2 hours or less
2-4 hours
4-6 hours
more than 6 hours
2 What time of day do you usually watch
Vou have been appointed the head of a new television

station: ABC TV. Write out your broadcasting schedule for
a Friday night, starting at 7.00 p.m. and ending at midnight.
television?
n
n
!
n
!
morning
noon
afternoon
evening
late-night
How many televisions do you have in your

house?
n
E
E
E
E
none
one
two
three
four or more
Do you watch television while eating dinner?
! yes
Ino
Do you have the television on while doing other
activities (e.9. homework)?
n yes
nno
From the following list, mark your three

favourite kinds of programme and your least
improve
favourite.
u'0,
$cassett
I
tr
tr
il
tr
E
I
!
tr
E
E
tr
tr
News i Current affairs

Situation comedies (sifcoms)
Films
(cD)
Plays
machine
Sports
Quiz shows
Documentaries / Educational programmes
Soap operas
Chat shows
Variety shows
Cartoons
Music programmes
Religious programmes
Television
the TV set
the box
tube
satellite dish
cable
sc[een
controls
volume
brightness
contrast
172
l*nu
radio sti
the
images
Talk abr
often yo
lRt
I
broar
I
I
I
|
remote control
'
news
cnannels
'
cultural
teletext
TV host
anchor (news)
host (talk show)
compere
radio
rrequ
ANi(
[/r
IlMtrvt
channels
music
pl
trtow compare your schedule with other students'. Give

reasons why your stati0n is showing certain pl0grammes
at certain times. Whose schedule is better?
l0n0
rroi
I
I
I
I
short
wave
tune
RADIO
lor your
country?
vey?
I
I
Unlike television stations, which usually lry to provide a wide range of pr0grammes for everybody, radi0 stations
are often specialised, targeting one specific audience. In the chart bel0w, write the names of four of the major radio
stations in your city, then lill in the rest of the chart. (Try to pick different kinds of radio stations! Don't just give four
pop music stations!)
rat kinds
rlevision
rdule for
tidnight.
rt
/Whal
do you think of your local
radio stations? What things could be
improved?
v0lume
at
rec0rd
ptay
.f
Video recorders (VCRs), tape /

cassette recorders, compact disc
(GD) players and other modern
machines that reproduce sound and
images have very similar controls.
Talk about their functions and how
fast forward
rewind
stop / elect
timer
often you use them.
Radio
newsreadei' (GB)
radio statrons
ann0uncer
frequencies
to host a show
AM (Amplitude
chat-show host
disc lockey i deejay
Modulation)
FM (Frequency
Modulation)
long wave
medium wave
ts'. Give
rammes
broadcasti ng
short wave
phone-i
newscaster (US)
live broadcast
preset stations
receiver (technicai)
0,1
serial / series
public service radio (US)
panel discussion
tune in to a station
digital display
tuner (hi-fi)
sitcom (situation comedy)
competition
KNODS
switches
The radio set
wavelengtn
live music
aerial (usually domestic)
bass
treb le
antenna (usually big
graphic equaliser
commercial)(GB)
to turn up the volume

i
turn it up
to switch
antenna (US)
'
down
/ turn the
nte rfe rence
static
set on
"
off
buttons
. MEDIA.
173
MEDIA
I

I
Read the following text and put in the nouns and prepositions.
neao
CASE FEATURES PART ALLOWANCES IN FOR ON OVER ON OF AFTER WITH

The shared authorship of news reports is suggested by their reliance on preferred forms of expression, their
lack of stylistic idiosyncrasy (even in the repods of named journalists), and their consistency of style 1
periods of time. Once a publication or channel has opted 2
imposes it vigorously 3
identily certain 5
its material. This has pafiicularly been the 4
with the press. lt is not difficult to
which characterise certain newspapers. That is why it is possible to parody them so easily.
1 April 1978. lt reproduced the front pages
published in the British lsles), said to have been published that day as 9
of San Serriffe
long
a particular style, it tends to stay with it, and
Probably the most famous journalistic parody of recent years appeared 6
GuardianT_
the UK newspaper Ihe
twelve newspapers (clones of those
where the custom is evidently to name people and places 10
of a journalistic merger on the island
people
numan
5_
from 7
attempti
11
Monitol,
concepts in the history of
printing.
tl
After making
11
for the exaggerations which are part of a parody, a comparison 12
today's
ll
Rea
papers would show little stylistic difference, despite a gap of over 15 years.
(From David Crystal: The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English
Language. Reprinted with permission of CUP 1995)
| The following adjectives
g0 together with the nouns (A) ARTICLE and/or (B) HEADLINES. Use them together in
sentences.
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
s'
represe
of their
to make
to edit
to summarise
to hit
deals with
to review
to oublish
to skim
lf
Yt
a maga,
alternal
here on
the mai
browse
ttt
||
First, ar
not in
lt
|
Wh
Read the following article and then suggest the opposites ol the underlined words.
A monopoly until 1954, the BBC operates under a royal charter. lt is funded from a fixed-term license fee paid by
households with a television set. The BBC has four national radio networks.
Now,
The BBC has two 21 national television services, which together transmit more than 200 hours a week; both have
mixed programmes that are coordinated 22 to avoid conflicts.
There is 23 substantial regional activity in both media. Of the six regions in the kingdom that formerly operated
with a fair degree of 24 autonomy, only the "national" regions remain for Scotland, Wales, and Northern lreland. 25 ln
place of the other three 26 regions, North, Midland, and West and South, there are 20 production centres for both
radio and television. Regions 27 broadcast their own programmes by 28 opting out of Radio 4 or BBC 1 and using
their own section ol the 29 corresponding network. Radio Cymru broadcasts in the Welsh language for Wales. There
are about 50 30 local FM (VHF) stations.
174
. Tooic-based Vocabularv .
lll',
senten(
MEDIA
T
Read the following text and put in the verbs and adjectives.
RECOGNIZE PROVIDE APPLAUD CRITICIZE CURRENT SEXIST VIOLENT

CONCERNED RACIST IMPORTANT SUPERFICIAL IN.DEPTH
their
long
d
ficult to
)asily.
\e
: island
Some Americans criticize their media, especially television, for being
(by showing only white
individuals),2_ (by porlraying women as "sex objects" ratherthan as whole

with realizing their potential for educating the public. They
human beings), 3 _
, and inadequately 4
treatment of complex topics and events and for distracting Americans
5_
the media for providing only 6 _
the non-commercial "public" radio and television networks for at least
tromT _
issues. They 8
attempting to provide 9_
analysis of 10_issues and "serious" entertainment programs. They also
11 _
that some newspapers (for example, the New York Times, Washington Posl and Christian Science
Monitor) and magazines 12 _
substantive coverage and commentary on current affairs.
people as responsible, important
(From Gary Althen: American Ways. Reprinted with permission of

lntercultural Press, lnc., Yarmouth, ME. Copyright 19BB).
rf
tl
'vqy o
Read the text and observe the collocations with the the words MEDIA and COVERAGE.
Why do the mainstream media provide such partial and inadequate coverage of our multicultural society?
English
First, and obviously, the media are owned and controlled by the powerful and wealthy, whose interests are generally
not in sympathy with those on the outside. And, historically, very few people of color and other minorities have been
lether in
represented on the staffs of major television stations, newspapers, or magazines, making it unlikely that the concerns
of their communities would receive fair or adequate coverage...
lf you want to get your feet wet but don't know quite what interests you, pick up a copy of the Utne Reader al
a magazine stand. Every other month, Eric Utne and his staff put together a compilation of articles from the
alternative media, ranging from "Buddhism American Style" to "Class Bias on Campus". You'll find lots of information
here on alternative sources. Similarly, the magazine Alternative Press Review, which calls itself "your guide beyond
the mainstream", can help you find available periodicals, books and films. And when you're in a large bookstore,
browse through the magazine section; you'll probably be surprised and delighted by the wide range of offerings.
(From EIIen Summerfield: Survival Kit for Multicultural Living.
Reprinted with permission of lntercultural Press, lnc., Yarmouth,
Copyright 1997.)
raid by
Now, give the opposites.
13
14
15
16
rth have
mainstream media
partial
adequate
majority
17
18
19
20
fair coverage
to be indifferent to st (idiom)
alternative sources
not to be had
'ated
i. 25 ln
roth
sing
There
||
| tnr following
adjectives are used with the nouns (A) ARTICLE and/or (B) HEADLINE. Use them together in
sentences.
21
22
23
24
25
banner
in-depth
sports
front-page
illustrated
26
27
28
29
30
libellous
exclusive
three-part
brilliant
cookery
. MEDIA.
175
CULTURE
GOING TO THE THEATRE
I
I
Ask two of your classmates the following five questions and write down
their answers. lf you need a new English expression, jot it down in your
mother tongue. Then look at the box on the following page and go through
the answers again with your teacher.
How often do you go to the theatre?
lG,
I
Talk about different types of theatres. Why do you like them? Why not?
|
I
Describe the parts ol a theatre and what we do in the theatre.
|
I
I
I
I
I
t
IIn
I
I
|
Can you name some of the stalf and performers?
Give names of dilferent types of productions.
VATI
ttre;
(*o
ne\^
box
seal
in tl
box
drer
bali
qal
'in
star
l:3x
I
I
|
I
I
I
I!
I
I
I
I
I
I
It
I
'476
Ope
cloi
tto
(to
cas
anr
lob
usl-
late
tate
auc
aisl
em,
safr
the
cen
t'n
rt
following is a list of jobs in

lhe theatre. Say what they do:
/The
director
lead
c0mp0ser
stage designer
performer
costume designer
pr0ducer
stage manager
extras
understudy
prompter
lighting operator
playwright
.,,,,:.,
at
Describe the picture on the left

using some of the vocabulary in the
box below.
1|
Going to the Theatre
prompt(er's) box
orchestra pit
irst night / premiere

evening performance
f
open-air / outdoor theatre

variety theatre
trapdoor
matrnee
theatre workshop
(to read) posters and bills
newspaper revrew
stage props
gala performance
costumes
set
box office ticket / theatre agency

seating plan
in the stalls (GB) / orchestra (US)
'
box
dress circle (GB) / balcony

mezzanine (US)
0arc0ny
dressing room
farce
backstage
historical play
Person nel
one-act play
playwright
a play in 3 acts
musical (comedy)
pantomrme
in the gods" (GB) / in the nosebleeds (US)

standing room only
sold out / full house
complimentary ticket backstage pass
/^++^-,{.^r\
^l^6t'^ûrudAr
uuil t \dttuiludilt,/
(to hire) opera glasses
(to buy the) programme
cast list
an all-star cast
lobby / foyer
'
usher(ette)
tatec0mers
^. ,iit^.i..-ruilr
duurtur
^l^^^
x Jtdgu
gangway
centre stage
(in the)wings
closes
opens
'
falls
repertory
stage designer
The performance
five-minute bell
the lights are dimmed / go down
the curtain goes up / opens
acts scenes
"
interval i intermission
tn ctrotnh v,,v
nnp's
lpnc
u ,uvu
costume designer
stage manager
pr0mprer
lighting operator / person

make-up artist
stage hand
person
stage crew
stan d-i n
to sland in for
understudy
extras
hero
safety
goes down
variety show
rector
'
comedian
villain
emergency exrts
/ fire curtain
the curtain rises / goes up
conductor
tragedian
chorus
late seating
'
scene ry
based on a novel by Kafka

producer
gailery
aisle
drama
tragedy comedy
tragicomedy
heroine
to play the part of / role oI

the leading part / role
a supporting part
Types of show
rehearsal " dress rehearsal
rep
to play to a packed ompty house

to burst into applause
to clap i applaud
to give a bouquet
standing ovation
to take curtain calls
to have a long run
'
brilliant' dull
performance
failure / flop
to hiss , to boo to barrack
to have stage fright
"butterflies in the stomach"
to forget one's lines
'
. CULTURE
177
GOING TO THE CINEMA

I
I
ar
Types of films.
al
With your teacher, discuss what
ritics
0n a talk show reviewing
the following four lilms. 0ne critic should give each ol the lilms g00d reviews,
while the other should give them all bad reviews.
each of the lollowing means. Then
talk about a lilm that would fit in

each category. Which of these
Battering Rarn
III -
romance
film horror film

tearjerker erotic film
thriller sci{i lilm
action lilm adventure film
war
The Falling Leaf
al
Separate the lollowing into

positive and negative comments.
Madball
The leading man gave a great

performance as Napoleon.
It was thrilling.
It was boring.
The story was predictable.
The direction was wonderful.
The actor \ a\n't very convincing.
The story wasn't believable.
I felt the passion.
A total waste of money.
It kept me on the edge of rny seat.
I walked out half-way through the
Joey Rimpley plays the leader of a basketball team which is so bad that no
one wants to buy or coach it. Together with his band of basketball misfits,
he tries to work out something new - a self-owned, self-coached basketball
team. But with a group that can hardly tie its own shoelaces without falling
over, will he ever have a chance at reaching the finals? G
The Fifth Letter

An intense spy-thriller that takes you across the globe, from Downing
Street to Washington to the back alleys of Tehran. An assassin has been
called out to eliminate ten of the world's most powerful people: an
assassin so deadly that even his employers don't know his face, so
cunning that no one can stop him. MI6 agent Jack Dowely and CIA agent
Joseph Tereny work together to bring this madman down before he
strikes again. R
film.
It was full of tension and
suspense.
A touching story.
A heart-warming film.
A film for the whole family.
Compare Hollywood with the lilm industry in your country. What kinds ol
lilms does your country make? What things do they do better than Hollywood?
The special effects and stunts were
What things is Hollywood better at?
great.
Going to the Cinema

/
tearl erKe r
art film
/ motion picture (US)

outdoor cinema (GB) / drive-in (US)
nappy enOrng
adventu re
rushes
remaKe
war tilm
cutting room
newsreel
ciip
perod drama
screenplay
trailers (GB) / previews (US)

advertisements
f llmed in colour
black and whlte
silent movies talkies (hislorlcal)
(world) premiere
tomake/shoot afilm
scilpt
educational
shot
producer
science fictlon
SCENE
0tlectot'
thriller
close-up distance shot

slow motion / slo-mo
scriptwriter
dolly shot
to pan
to fade in
stunt-man
theme music
an RJilm (restricted)
movie
'
'
'
psycn00rama
subtitles
feature lilm
(animated) cartoon
erotic
travel film
ho rro r
00cumentary
nnnc
rnd rnhhorc
,uuuu,u
vvPw u,v
western
buddy movie
road movre
dubbed
slapstick comedy
178
thr
instrume
The Last Stand
Mary Jointer, a successful New York business executive, is pulled out of her
world suddenly when she hears that her mother has had a car accident.
Leaving behind the world of money and power, she visits her mother and
tries to get to know her again. Together, they have to try to face a dark secret
that has been haunting the family for years. PG
comedy
nn
in tho nintrrroq / mnvipc
vv (v L,,v
With
Joe Redding returns as Mack Bruscadilli, renegade cop ready to take on

the Mafia. In this sequel, he joins fbrces with a Caribbean arms smuggler
and a street-wise homeless girl to take on a powerful South American drug
caftel. But his battle holds a surprise - his old enemy Manuele De Mingo
is alive and well, and looking for revenge. Will Mack get out alive? R
genres do you prefer?
western
In pairs, act out a conversation between lwo
'
romance
pornographic
love story
to cut
'
"
out
in the studio
sound track
* on location
special e{fects
edit
cameraman
a UJilm (universal)
G (general audience)
PG (parentai guidance)
o
4
lM,
I
I
I
I
Some
musir
to
rea
note
I llll:
I
I
II
I
I
I
+^
^t^
ru pro
stxtr
scare
harmr
count
rest
flii,,
| ;:?''
|I 'iru
I
I
I
I
I
I
harm(
cac
to
to
to
ola
prz
acr
ttre
arranr
I ""
MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
reviewing
I reviews,
With the help of the lists below, try to identily the

instruments in the pictures and s0rt them into families:
F-
lke on
nuggler
ican dmg
Mingo
^@
r?R
,ut
of her
)nt.
:r and
-.-r^
\g
\--'/---
-fl_7
nk secret
.hat no
risfits,
ketball
falling
ing
been
Musical Instruments
\
agent
Some common
musical terms
to read music
note
kinds ol
llywood?
sharp flat
to play by ear
to play by heart
'
staff
staves
Woodwind, wind instruments
to improvise
to sing / play out of tune

music stand
picco lo
snare drum
oboe
cym0ars
counterpoint
rest
tu ne
mei 00y
bar
to have no ear for music
bassoon
a drum roll
bag p i pes
to beat the drum

drumsticks
to
e-d eal
lyrics (the words of a song)

(Usually picked, plucked or
strummed with a plectrum)
sco rdant
harmonious "
reco rder
mouth organ
triang le
dulcimer
trombone
harp
French horn
xylophone
vibes {jazz)
balalaika
srtar
(Usually played with a bow)
fl uge
0ug
horn
co rn et
sprnet
'
tuba
harpsi chord
B{lat bass / euphonium
0rgan
mouthpiece
to accompany sb on
ceil0
double bass
Keyboards
piano grand piano
re
fanfare
tfre piano
CASIAN EIS
rrumper
rtar
vio la
arrangement
to tune (up)
rushes
bells
mandolin
vio lin
ru pldilu
harmonica
tambourine
to practise
pan pr pes
^^^^^h^^^,,^
uduupr rur ruuJ
+^ nt.,, +h^ î^n^
ru prdy
Brass instruments
Danl 0
melodious "
-hat
gu
atr
larrn et
music stool
Stringed instruments
harmony
kettle drum
side drum
lute
fife
scal e
to sight-read
Percussion
drum set
drum
reed
keys and stops
(piano) accordion
Hammond organ
synthesiser
cymbalon / dulcimer
DASS OTUM
. CULTURE.
179
GOING TO A CONCERT
t
trrc
is a list of kinds ol music. Can you add to it? Which ones are your
favourites? Which ones don't you like?
(2
rl
t
I
rock
pop
-l
'l vou
)
the local
sh e lve
returned
classical
their
(l
app
s.
Name all of the instruments likely to be lound in each of the bands playing
the various kinds of music.
lWhalkind ol music do you associate with the pictures on the right? Where
are you likely to hear such music?
at
/Here
.f
Wtrat kind of music do your parents (or children) like? How do you feel
about it? How do they leel about your music?
stories
fl tmi
u?,,
You are going to hear a lather and a son talking about music.
Listen and answer the questions below.
a
b
c
d
e
K[M'
How does Tommy feel about classical music?

How does his father feel about Tommy's music?
Was his father upset when Tommy stopped playing the piano?
Did Tommy like the concert'?
rA
rA
rlt
ttrF
rS
rtI
rS
rL
lBo
III rvp,
Is he looking fbrward to going to more of them?
Role-play a c0nversati0n between Tommy and his father in which they

talk about how they really feel about the c0ncerts.
nrncr
Going to a Concert
concert-hal
rhythm and blues (R&B)
co nce rt-g oe r
Orchestraxbandxgr0U0
ollower
instrumental vocal
classical " popular
serious
folk traditional
modern)
lazz (iraditional
f
'
'
"
rc hestra
contemporary' experimental
x t't0W ?90
0r
Types of classical
performance
symphony
electronic
rock'n'roll
heavy metal " hard rock
disco
grunge
punk
techno
synthesised
Types o{ music
symphony
symphonic poem
0rat0n0
requiem (mass)
baritone
Person nel
boy soprano
concerto
overture
conductor
soloist
suite
choi rs
sonata
toccata and tugue
(national) anthem
scn00l
church
u n
ivers ity
male voice
hymn
Voices
bass
Rock and pop

lead guitarist / singer
rhythm guiiarist
keyboards
synthesiser
vocal ist
drummer (percussion
cnam0er
promenade
lullaby
s0pran0
madrigal
a[0
session musician
recital
aria
mezzo sOprano
brass section
cantara
tenor
ues
I
I
I
I|
|
I
I
I
secti on)
II
Ir
I
I
I
I
I
|
II
T:
I
Y'""'
poetr
short
fanta
bioor
-"r
{ictio
nove
diary
detec
Tu',
crass
oulo
^H^^
dudJ
ency
otctir
thesi
referr
(acar
sell
qulO
trave
BOOKS AND READING

I
I
You have just started working at

the local library, and it is y0ur i0b t0
shelve books that have been
returned. Put the following titles into
their appropriate calegories.
horror story
TEACH YOURSETF SWAHITI IN 20 DAYS
Ftl(ll
fantasy
DISEASES SIMPTIFIEIT
IHE HIICHHIKER'S GUIDE

GHAiIDI
ltl
biography
FIJI
detective story
- UNAUTH(IRISED
humour
IHE UAMPIRE DENIIST

LOUE I1.I THE
reference book
HOI SUMMER
JJ SPANKS. PRIUAIE
guide book
EYE
spy n0vel
DA]'ITE'S INFERN(I
THE WEII.
AI WORI.D'S
science fiction
END
Mills and Boon
LIFE'S A JOIG
IHE WHITE HOUSE
r0mance
classic
FITES
THE EAIER (lF STARS
self-help book
historical novel
]'|AP0LE0N'S RICHI HANII
ft
ttere are the beginnings ot three stories. Try to match them up and put them in the right order. Then pick one ol the
stories and say what will happen next.
I
I
I
I
I
After rubbing tanning lotion over her firm thighs, Janet lay down.
A heavy rain fell on the streets, drenching the shadowy figure that waited beneath the streetlight
It was a beautiful day, and the sun was beating down on her creamy brown skin.
He had just got it lit when a car came speeding around the corner and stopped in front of him.
Having grown tired of looking out at the quiet stars, Zika Black left the computer monitor and
started fixing herself an instant hamburger.
Suddenly, there was a blinding flash of light, and all of the ship's computers started emitting warning signals.
It was 3 a.m. Standard Earth Time and all was quiet in the Omega section of the frontier.
Suddenly a shadow blocked out the sun's rays.
Looking around nervously, the man tried to light a cigarette with his wet matches.
I
I
I
M
r#
Books and Reading

Types of book
w'
-1
poetry
seq ue
short stories
fantasy
tri I ogy
biography
"
fiction
It
novel
'
autobiography
nonjiction
rary
I
I
sinser I
classic
pulp literature
atlas
lssion
rnl
I
I
I
I
I
T
I
pape rDacK
h^^t,^h^^
uuunJ rup " ^^+i^,,^"i^^
dlrULludr ldrl
supplement
refere nces
index
limited edition
Publishing and printing
Parts of a book
to submit a manuscript
author's proofs
to publish
spine'
f
cover
lyleaf
"
(dust)jacket
publisher's blurb
title
ded icati on
binding (cloth
"
leather)
margin
encyclopaed ia
heading"column"line
dictionary
passage x paragraph
thesau ru s
chapter"5g6lignxpart
reference book
footnote
(academic)textbook
self-help book
guide book
c0ntents
preface
travelogue
introduction' epilogue
'
endnote
illuslrations' plates' graphics
" foreword'
paperba0k
"
trade
booklet / brochure
paperback exchange
to remainder a book
remainder shop
Li brary
lending library
erence library
pri nti ng
i'ef
to edit
to borrow a book
copyri ght
librarian
intellectual property
to pay royalties
first edition
reading room
peri od icals
catalogue'index"card
cata I og ue
revised and enlarged edition

complete and unabridged
stacks"racks,shelves
translated by BF
to adapt (for)
listed by author subject

in alphabetical order
pilnter
arranged by category
afterword
"
booksel I er
bibliography
lTlSlTl0ll'S
II
handbook
hardback
append ix
vol ume
detective story
mystery
rl
'
manual
art book
r0se
summary
istri butor
to launch a book / title
'
'
title
library card
overdue book
1i
ne
. CULTURE .
181
POETRY
Frorn a Writer to a Student

I've been holding hands with poetry all my lit'e. It's been a very good friend: an
inspiration, a refuge, a reality check, a reassurance that I still belong to the human
and something I've never completely understood. But what is it'J Poems
corne in all shapes and sizes and are written to express all kinds of ideas and emotions.
Exactly what separates poett] and prose could be debated endlessly in modem
times; the borders becorne less and less clear as years pass. Generally speaking,
most experts would agree that poetry should have rhythm, shape and. very often.
rhyrne, sometimes in quite complex and repeated patterns.
race
Thefintpoetry Iremembertooktheformofnusery
rhymes: rhythmic,regularly rhyming
verses sung or recited by my mother to get me to sleep. I lerunt more at inf'ants' school,
but the prirne poems of childhood were the playground chants that provided the
soundffack for games, often quite grisly little rituals based on the child's view of history
beheadings, battles, political intrigue disguised er"s fairy-tale. From these to narrarive
poetry, or ballads - stories told in verse, often with quite strict pattems of rhyme and
fonn - was only a shoft step. Highwayrnen and chirse stories, sailing ships and taraway
places, life stories andtales of love, they fascinated me f'oryears. laterl was toencounter
their ancestors. the earliest known European poems, incredibly long pieces known as
sagas, f'eaturing ancient gods and goddesses, aurd the very first heroes and monsters,
even saints eud dragons. It seems that, fbr much of history if a tale was worth telling,
was worth telling in verse.
one particular mood or emotion of the poet. They include sonnets, l4-line poems
iuranged in a strict formula of rhyme and rhythm, often divided into two sections
the first of eight lines. the second of six. In those that Shakespeare wrote, they
ended with a pair of rhyming lines that summed up the poet's f'eelings - and often
my own - in a shor-t, perf'ect, brilliant display of words. For a conf used youth trying
to come to tenns with love, death, war, farnily politics, and everything else that
makes early adulthood so stressful, they were pure medicine. Of course. Old Bill
was not the only one to write sonnets. Just about every budding poet has tried,
including nre. John Donne, one of Britain's greatest early poets, once remarked
that anyone can write one sonnet, but only an idiot would write two.
So what do I remember now, what cern I quote, in rriddle age? Snatches of ballads
and narative poems, lots of limericks - t'ive-line nonsense poelns, many of thent
dirty - some of the filthy doggerel that cannot be separated fiom playing British
football, lots of first lines to help me to find favourites in poetry collections,

last couplets fiom a few sonnets, several magic and mystery pieces that have been
set to music. and a couple of snatches of '60's free verse. Of my own purple.
overwritten, obscure and pretentious output, fbrtunately. I remember little.
Poetry
epic " lyric
saga
poem
line
rfryme
rhythm
verse / stanza
ballad
182
verse
sonnet
limerick
free verse
nursery rhyme
doggerel
ode
elegy
narrative
below. Obviously, nol all of them can
to-
be complete, but there is enough

A
to get
to put
There was a yourlg man of Devizes,

Whose eurs were ol dit'terenl sizes,
One was quite small,
And no use at all,
But the other was liLrge, and won prizes.
B
For sweetest things turn sourest by
their deeds;
Lilies that fester smell far worse than
weeds.
ll
Mal
51
6l
7i
8j
9l
10
11
12\
13 r
14(
r
Comeclose and sleepnow

for in the morning
when a policernan
disguised as the sun
cleeps into the room
and your mother disguised as birds
calls fiom the trees
you will put on a dress of guilt
and shoes with broken high ideals
and refusinc cofl'ee
run
alltheway
horne
lllo'
15
16
There was a little girl

Who had a little curl
Right in the middlc of her forehead
And when she was good
She was very, very good
But when she was bad she was horrid.
Whe
o!
ci
ds
17 Lucl
at
bL
CL
H.,= .urn..
a canclle to light yorr to bed,

And here comes a choppcr to chop olT
your head
The last
1998
Don
ar
bv
cr
dp
al
The last
tn.,,',
*rn,.
i'fre tbx was strong, he was firll ol'
budding poet
toto-
5i+ ^^ ilLdDc
t;utnn.r"r't; flower is to the summer

sweet,
Though to itself it only live and die.
But if that tlower with base int'ection
meet,
The basest weed outbraves his dignity:
dirty / filthy poetry

poetic licence
to learn by heart
to pla)
Th.
n.
to chant
to quote
caugn
to clei
purple poetry
to recite
inlormation to help any guesswo*.
teens trnd early twenties: short pieces, usually divided into stanzas, that centre around
TL
Eact
phrase
it
Lyrical poems of various kinds carried me through the hormone hell of the late
ru-eby
Below are some 0f the things the writer

in the text remembers. Using the texl,
try to identify the $pes of poetry quoted
ttuu
runnl ng
He could rr"rn tbr an hour and tlren be

cunnlng
But the cry behind hinr made him cbill
They were nearer now and they meant
to kill.
18
dt
Ring
a(
D(
ct
d(
lV'
I think t
as they
Fanny
father.
She stc
hiccupir
CULTURE
he
writer
the text,
y quoted
Each ol the lollowing groups 0f phrases have one word in common. Which one
to
noug h
st out
caught in the
to clean up one's
to get one's
to put on an
;work.
lzes,
in the hole
come within an _
have an
hold all the
together
of doing something
up one's sleeve
_s
ZES,
2
pnzes
is it? Check the meaning ol the
phrases in a dictionary.
lem can
e
to play
to
to
_
_
second
between the lines

someone's mind
the writing on the wall
(to someone)
about / around with someone or something
while Rome burns
someone like an open book
fit as a
ummel
die,
)ctlon
lignity:
by
: than
*u,rn the
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
lll
phrases 0n the lelt with the meanings 0n the right.
a
b
c
d
to face the music

trumped-up
instrumental in doing something
iazz something up
look to one's laurels
rest on one's laurels
in the limelight
without rhyme or reason
t
g
h
reel / rattle something off

much ado about nothing
Ott
0t the words in each of the following sentences is wrong. Replace it with one 0l those provided.
15 Don't judge a man by its cover.
a
b
c
o
Lls
19 Something is forgotten in the state of Denmark.
a
b
c
d
magazine
woman
book
peopre
16 What's in a house?
ead
a
b
c
o
to bed,
op ofT
Head
of
a
b
c
o
surname
Ilt
IU
unf aithf ul
unworthy
unrucKy
nappy
meant
footsteps
story
f iction
a
b
c
d
first
third
novels
good
other
22 Genius is one per cent admiration and ninety-nine
door
cent perspiration.
chain
b
c
d
KnocKer
curtain
Ed5ut
per
intelligence
Drarns
inspiration
Try to say the following tongue twislers out loud with a partner.
I think they were thick things with wings and they

as they went by.
whistled
:n be
n chill
a
b
c
o
21 Last impressions are most lasting.
18 Ring down the street.
a
b
c
d
rotten
changed
missing
false
20 Truth is stranger than films.
name
girl
boy
17 Lucky at cards, unhappy in love.

ronid.
to make st more exciting, colourful or lively

a lot of excitement for very little reason
accept the consequences of one's behaviour
without purpose, order, or logic
false; fraudulent
to take care to protect one's reputation
to enjoy one's success and not try to achieve more
at the centre of attentiorr
playing an important part in doing something
to recite st quickly and accurately
Fanny Fowler fried five floundering fish for Francis
father.
Finch,s
She stood on the balcony, inexplicably mimicking him

hiccuping, and amicably welcoming him in.
Trulv rura..
Does this shop stock short socks with spots?
The sixth sheik's sixth sheeo's sick.

A big black bug bit a big black bear, made a big black
bear bleed blood.
. CULTURE.
183
CULTURE
T
AND MORE PRACTICE III
Each ol the following groups of phrases have one word in common. Which one
is it? Check the meaning ol the
phrases in a dictionary.
3
to
to
_
_
to _
ro _
it by ear
IO
to the gallery
one's trump card

second fiddle (to someone)
possum
He who pays the piper calls the

to be in
with someone
to call the
to change one's
4
to go into / to make a
some business uo
someone out of something
something into someone's head
as tight as a _
and dance about
something
to buy / sell something for a
wine, women and
I Insn
o!
S]
Or
SWAN
*utrn the phrases 0n the left with the meanings 0n the right.
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
lll
without further ado

to beat the band
to climb on the bandwagon
to march to a different drummer
to fluff one's lines
to have the gift of the gab
to sell like hotcakes
Jekyll and Hyde
to harp on
to blow one's own trumoet
Ott
b
c
d
17 LiIe isn't all rum and skittles.

smile
water
beer
read
18 A rose by any other name would sniff as sweet.
llf
IU
a
b
c
d
theatre
aan
b death
c hope
d wait
a
b
c
d
19 A picture is worth a million words.
nome
hell
Rome
16 Song is long and life is short.
a
b
c
d
very much, very fast, at maximum effort

to join the crowd
to believe in a different set of orincioles
without further talk / thought
to be able to use language effectively
to keep talking or complaining about st
to speak badly or forget one's lines in a play
to sell well
sb with both an evil and a good personality
to boast, or to praise oneself
ol the words in each of the following sentences is wrong. Replace it with one 0l those prouided.
15 The road to heaven is paved with good intentions.
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
j
sway
smell
seem
sigh
20
thousand
ten
hundred
billion
Play the piper, call the tune.
a
D
c
d
posr
pay
pride
near
make
cut
understand
want
22 lt takes three to tango.
a
b
c
d
four
polka
walz
two
Try to say the following nursery rhymes out loud.
Pussy-cat, pussy-cat, where have you been?
Needles and pins, needles and pins,
l've been up to London to look at the queen.

Pussy-cat, pussy-cat, what did you there?
When a man marries his trouble begins.
I frightened a little mouse under the chair.
Makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.
184
SI
OrL.g
followinr
Ov
Ov
SI
OH
OH
Ov
3.4
1T
2 ...
poster
21 To do a long story short.
a
b
c
d
3v
4..
5
/,
6..
7..
80
9..
Early to bed and early to rise,
104
EDUCATION
lg of the
STUDYING AND EXAMINATIONS

I
I
In small gr0ups, discuss these questions.
O What kind of student are you? Do you study

steadily throughout the year or do you try to
cram everything before exam times?
O How do you study? Do you prefer to study

alone or in groups? Do you like to study for
long periods of time or in small chunks? Do
you have any special tips that you could
suggest?
2 *6it
Listen to the radio programme and answer the

following questions.
ay
O What is the secret of being a good student?

O What is the difference between a prepared
student and an unprepared student?
O How does a prepared student study?

O How should an unprepared student study?
O What is the danger of study groups?
3 *4,
Listen to the radio programme again and linish the sentences below. Then explain their meaning.
There is only one issue facing students, and
...s/udenfs everywhere are busily
...there must be more
I cannot sfress enouoh
...you should always be
...everybody pools their
Of course, you're always at ...............
...you are relying
10
And for all you students out there, good
. EDUCATION
185
SECONDARY SCHOOL
I
I
Read the text on the right about
rl
/
Can you think
secondary school dilemmas. What

would you do in these situations?
ol any similar
school dilemmas that you ot
a lriend have had to go through?
What were they? What did you do?
tt
.l
Read the text on the right again
and highlight all the useful

collocations that you want to
remember. Then use them in
sentences of your own and check
with your teacher.
>
You sit down at a desk in class and find a really nice pencil case
under the seat. It's just the kind you have always wanted, but your mother
refuses to buy it for you because it costs too much. Someone has obviously
left it there by mistake. Do you give it to the teacher, leave it where it is, or
keep
it for yourself?
B > Some of the older kids at school are bullying you. They push you
around in the halls during lunch break, and they even knocked you down
and stole your lunch money once. You're afraid to tell your parents,
because they'd probably make a fuss in front of everyone and make things
even worse.
C > There's an exam coming up in your maths class and you know you
will do poorly because you have been ill for a long time and have fallen
behind. You would ask your teacher if you can take the exam later, but he is
the strictest and nastiest teacher in the school, and you're sure he'll say no.
As you wait for the teacher to finish talking to another student, you see the
answer sheet to the exam lying on the table.
E > Your boyfiiend / girlfiiend has asked you for help in writing a book
report. You start by trying to make a few suggestions, but it soon becomes
obvious that s/he hasn't read the book and wants you to write the report
yourself.
Secondary School
off the roll
crrcnpndpd // pvnpllpd
v/\Pv,,vu
^"i.,^t^
prrvdtu \ ^+^t^
)tdtc ^^k^^t^
)Liluur)
to study
to cram / swot
to memorise / learn by heart
to do one's homework
to make a mistake
to write legibly
legible handwriting
io pay attention
to mark /grade
to correct
bullying
bunk (ofr)
break (GB)
language lab
gymnasium
cafeteria
gym
lunch room
scfiool report
certilicate / diploma
school-leaving examinalion
to sit (for) / take / do an exam
mock-exam
recess (US)
classroom
interview
timetable (GB)
written " oral

to pass an exam
schedule (US)
headmistress (GB)
principal (US)
headmaster
staffroom
headmaste/s oflice
computer room
secon0ary scn00r
apprentice school
boarding school
syllabus / curriculum
compulsory subjects
optional / elective subjects
extracurricular activities
universlty
to make / take notes

to write / jot down
lo play truant / sxip classes
to take attendance
t0cKer r00m
teachers' room
/ school lees
grammar school (GB)
high school (US)
/ crib
board (US)
chal k
tuition
to cheat
to copy
to go to school
guidance counsellor
notice board (GB) / bulletin
public school (GB US)

"
parental involvement
parents'meeting
to revise (GB)i review (US)

cheat sheet
deputy head (GB) / assistant

principal (US)
janitor (GB)/ custodian (US)
corporal punishment
to lag / fall behind the class
to learn
your col
f ,nu
children
good thi
>
You were playing in the gym yesterday when you saw some older
children vandalising the locker room. Now the headmaster has called you
into his office and accused you of the vandalism. The children who did it
are oldeq bigger, and tougher, and you know that the whole school hates a
rat. On the other hand, the headmaster is threatening to call your parents
and suspend you from school.
to teach
to examine
to substituie for sb
wr,,
term "p
you hav
school
'
fail an exam
roor
famous
Which
provide
would
yr
{'n,
school
curriculr
atmosph
PUBLIC SCHOOL
lse
rother
d
q
dously
t is, or
#
,EI
you
lown
things
you
llen
rut he is
iay no.
iee the
ilder
I you
tid ir
lates a
ents
SPRINGDALE
co-ed boarding school
*nut
do you undJrstand by the
lerm "public school" in Britain? Do

you haue any similar institution in
your G0untry?
tt
lWnal is your opinion of sending

children to boarding sch00ls? ls it a
good thing or a bad thing?
at
Curriculum
Most major subjects are taught, but classes are optional.
tr
&
Atmosphere
rY
\l
book
lomes
.\\
'gl Very informal. Teachers do not try to influence or guide the

'gl students in any way. Teachers and students are seen as equals.
ffi
srr;,
tr
Which one do you think would

provide a better education? Which
sl
)ort
ln smalt groups, describe the

school you went to. What kind of
curriculum did it have? What kind of
atmosphere?
4d1
ff
\ff'
U
H
r,ll
di
H
kt!
'v
Most school matters are decided in general school meetings,

in which every student and teacher has an equal vote.
Rules and discipline
Everyone has to respect other people and their property.
ffi
H
'
Extra-curricular activities
Drama, art, games, field trips to various interesting places,
etc. Ernphasis on creativity, with competitive sports ffi'
discourased.
{il
v
would you rather go to? Why?

L
If
the student is not interested. he or she doesn't have to attend.
Look at the description of two

famous public schools in Britain.
.l
ffi
DOVECOTE MANOR
all-male boarding school
06Y
Curriculum
Classics such as history, Greek, and Latin,
as well as modern subjects such
as
chemistry and computers.
Atmosphere
Very fbrmal. There is
dress code. Students
wear boaters and blazers. Teachers wear

suits, gowns, and mortarboards. Students
are expected to be formal and courteous
towards their teachers and each other.
Rules and discipline
Strict rules about when students are to be

in bed, manners and behaviour. Punishment
used to include beatings, but now is mostly
community service such as picking up
rubbish or cleaning bathrooms.
Extra-curricular activities
Drama clubs, debating
societies,
philosophical societies, chess clubs, etc.
Heavy emphasis on competitive sport:
membership
of military
cadet force
obligatory.
. EDUCATION
187
UNIVERSITY
I
I
nruo
Role play
Possible roles:
Barbora's sister
her parents
a recruiter from a large computer
c0mpany
a friend who studies philosophy
school counsellor.
There ar
counting
institutio
other hig
Buckingl
Situation:
There an
Barbora is in her second year at a large

American university. Al'ter trying out a
few subjects, she has decided that she
really wants to major in philosophy. She
has taken a few introductory courses
and is f-ascinated by the subject. The
higher
only problem is that she is worried

about whether or not she will be able
to find ajob when she finishes college.
Although part of her tuition is being

paid by a small scholarship, Barbora is
paying for most
of her education
through student loans, and she will owe

a bit of money when she finishes
educatior
VIhy am
I so ttnhappy here?
There are many reasons for you to be unhappy, even
if
you had been
planning to come to the U.S. for a very long time. You may be
experiencing culture shock - every international student experiences it
Univers
instituti
3
to
4___.
5
between
at least once, and maybe more often than that, during his or her stay.
Cultural adjustment usually happens over many months in 4 stages:
quite
university. Her older sister recently

graduated in computer programming
and immediately fbund a well-paid job,
and has been urging her to "get real"
and study something that will lead to a
"real career". What should she do?
: students usually are very happy and excited

to be in the U.S. They enjoy all of the new things and are
confident.
: students become frustrated and ansrv at

the same things that made them happy during the
honeymoon stage. They don't like the fbod, the people, the
school, their apartment, or the unfamiliarity. They miss their
family and fiiends a lot. This is the stage that most people
call "culture shock".
: students begin to relax and realize that they
at
lWould you like to be a student at
an American university? What
problems do you think you could come
up against? ls it easy to stay away lrom
home for such a long time? How would
you put up with the new environment?
The lollowing is an excerpt from
will like some things; about the new culture and won't like
other things. They often think that their cultural and
language mistakes are funny instead of frustrating.
Sfage. Read the text and insert the

right title lor each paragraph.
has been to your country.
188
her
entranr
tobee
IO SIUI
every student has to go through. They

are relerred lo as:. Humor Stage, Home
Stage, Honeymoon Stage and Hostility
& Adapting at Eastern Michigan

University describing four stages
h ig
c0 il eg(
0xbrid
feel comfortable in the new culture.

even though they still may not like certain things.
: students
It's important to remember that sometimes you can go back to a stage

several times (you may experience the hostility stage a lot) or you may
pass right through a stage in a very short time. The important thing to
remember is that the hostility stage is not permanent. Talking to other
international students may help, and so might keeping a diary. The
internet has many places where you can write to people and tell them
lnternational Student Guide to Living
Uni
your problems. It may also help if you talk to an American student who
tt
.l
Read the text and
fill
in the following expressions:
catered
adm
it
deg rees
tuition
further
appointing
on ly
c0mpared
raise
ntran ce
mature
rants
Universities and Higher Education Golleges

There are 89 publicly-funded universities in the UK,
More young people are entering higher education than
counting the Universities of Wales and London as single
ever before
institutions and including the Open University and 65
eight
other higher education institutions. The University of

Buckingham is the 1_
independent university.
have
about one in three, as 6_
to one in
in 1979.
More recent universities and colleges
increasingly to
8_
9_
those without traditional
students and
qualifications.
There are about 3,000 private colleges providing both
re?
Higher education institutions are mainly funded by
education colleges also ofTer higher education courses.
central government
Universities and most other higher education

institutions enjoy complete academic freedom,
Education Funding Council and from tuition fees.

British students usually have their 11_
fees paid
for them by their local education authority. Many
institutions also receive funding for research fiom
3_
lad been
may be
:iences
higher and 2______ education. Some 300 further
it
their own staff and deciding which
str"rdents
to 4_______, what and how to teach, and which

5______ to award. Most first-degree courses last
between two and four years.
)r stay.
GAREtrRS
:ages:
10_
paid through the Higher
Research Councils, charities, and industry. Universities
and higher education colleges are also known to

12finance from the private sector.
GRADtrS
AR@UND GAM]PUS
I excited
; and are
angry at
:ing the
ople, the
niss
their
rt people
that they
/on't like
rral and
g
t-
University
higher education
college
0xbridge
'culture,
entrance examination
admlssion
to be admitted to
to study humanities
)
a stage
iou may
thing to
to other
iry. The
ell them
ent who
sc i ence
taw
medicine
dentistry
computer science
at technical university
at business school
at School of Economics
to concentrate / focus on
to cfrange schools
student
campus
professor
assembly hall
to lecture / read
dining hall
chancellor (GB)
lecture hall
dean
undegraduate
president (US)
department head
lrbrary
halls oI residence / hostel (GB)

dormitory (US)
to apply for a scholarship
to be eligible for
to get a grant / financial ald
IUIO
+^^Âi^^ ^^î^+^^+ /T A \
r.udr,r ilr ru d))r)tdr il. \ r.fl../
credit
paper
loan
to graduate lrom
tn npt e donrop in ct
lo enrol (GB) / enroll (US)
to have a degree in st
en
rolment
academic year
term
semester (US)
to take a course
with honours
bachel or
master
BA BA (Hons) MA, PhD BSc

graduation ceremony
. EDUCATION.
189
EDUCATION PRACTICE MAKES PERFECT

I
The expressions in the Ieft columu are used as euphemisms when talking about education. Match them with their
meanings in the right column.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
a
b
c
d
e
f
backward
education welfare manager

special pupil
special school
home economics
late developer
someone who returns to class after vears
a truancy olficer
cooking and housekeeping
sl
less prepared
very dull
i
j
k
I
naughty or stupio
precocious
open access
maladjusted
t
(,
h
I
illiterate
i
school for special pupils
of inferior attainment
Compare the following extracl with your experience of the educational system in your country. Are ihere any
differences? Give a talk ab0ut y0ur attitude to this problem and suggest ways of tackling it.
the
access
to as much education as possible. This fact alone
distinguishes the U.S. system from most others, since in
most others the objective is as much to screen people
out as it is to keep them in. The U.S. system has no
as the British and many other systems do. Through

secondary school and sometimes in post-secondary
institutions as well, the American system tries to
The American educational system is based on
idea that as many people as possible should have
standardized examinations whose results systematically

prevent students from going on to higher levels of study,
accommodate students even if their academic aspirations

and aptitudes are not high, even if they are physically
(and in some cases mentally) handicapped, and even if
their native language is not English.
(From Garu Atthen: Ameilcan wavs. Beprinted with permission ot tntercutturat
'Press.
lnc..Yarmouth. ME. Copyrignt teAAt.
| | | fne lollowing
adverbs are typically connected with the verbs T0 STUDY and/or T0 LEARN. Match them with the
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
appr0priate verb.
by head
thoroughly
in detail
from experience
Read the text below and
BEYOND FOR IN
pupil suffering from a mental or physical
abnormality
poor scholar
not a great reader
entry to a university without previous examination
TI
||
tlt
I lf
The exl
developing early
mature student
ttt
sentencer
Comg
differencr
The
unfamiliar
also
bece
than is tr
Instead, I
themselvr
intellectur
time
lll
learr
'n'
appropria
gradually
fast
11
12i
13
14f
15
conscientiously
by doing
fill in the following expressions.
WHOSE DURING OF FROM AND
tl
||
IN CONTRAST
TO
BY
21-theUnitedKingdom,pub|icschoo|,a|soca||edindependentschoo|,isoneofare|ative|ysma||
l\f *"
groupofinstitutionseducatingsecondary-|eve|students22-afeeandindependent23-the
StateSyStemasregardsbothendowment24-administration.Theterm..pub|icschoo|,,emergedinthe1Bth
centurywhenthereputationofcertaingrammarschoo|sspread25-theirimmediateenvirons.Theybegan
taking students
26_
parents could afford residential fees and thus became known as public, 27
school
se
year schc
|oca|,schoo|s.Bythe|ate20thcenturytheterm..independentschoo|,,wasincreasing|ypreferred28-the
institutions themselves. The typical great public school
such as Eton, Harrow, Winchester, Westminster, Rugby,
funds. Th
Shrewsbury,orCharterhouse-evo|ved29-aninstitutionfoundedbyasing|ebenefactor30-the
27
late Eurooean Middle Aoes or Renaissance.
these scf
190
EDUCATION
with their
I The expressions in the left column are used as euphemisms when talking about education. Put them back into the
sentences'
1 No student ever gets expelled any more, though he may suffer
a
slow upstairs
less academic
concentration problem
ADD (attention deficit disorder)
school phobia syndrome
academic dismissal
sent down
nination
Through
3COnOary
tries to
spirations
rhysically
rd even if
to put it mildly.
There is a soecial course for the active

is what used to be called crammino.
child can be either stupid, or "unusually good", in its

_
literal sense.
An
lf children are
they are stupid or unteachable.
underachiever
He is very good with his hands but, unfortunately, a bit
developmental course
exceptional
The disease which made it imoossible for the child to attend

school was the newly identified "
(from university) because of
You can get _
misconduct or failure to achieve minimal results.
tt
||
Compare the lollowing extract with your experience 0f the educational syslem in your country. Are there any
differences? What is your opinion? Write a paragraph and have it correcled by your teacher.
The American approach to teaching may
seem
statistics, and computers. Americans believe that if

children are taught to reason and to research well, they
unfamiliar to many, not only because it is informal, but

also because there is less emphasis on learning facts
countries.
Instead, Americans try to teach their children to think for
themselves, to analyze, to explore, to develop their own
than is true in the systems of many other
will be able to find whatever facts they need throughout

the rest of their lives. Knowing how to solve problems is
considered more important than the accumulation of facts,
which often grow obsolete.
intellectual and creative abilities. Students soend much
rcultural
He clearly has a
10
lhere any
was iust another word for idleness or stupiditv.
time learning how to use resource materiats,
with the
llt
||
tibraries,
F|::iX::'E;:::iE:i!'3:;;X;^1,"n!;"0''*"0'''npermissionortntercutturat
The lollowing adverbs are typically c0nnected with the verbs T0 READ and/or T0 WRITE. Match them with the
appropriate verb.
11
12
13
14
15
BY
ely small
the
the 18th
)y oegan
llt
I lf
brilliantly
16
wittily
aloud
knowledgeably
from cover to cover
17
vividly
18
19
convincingly
20
over and over again

(il)legibly
with great interest
APPROXIMATELY
lill
in the lollowing expressions.
TO THROUGH OR BY OF IN THROUGHOUT MOST HOWEVER
In most school systems
21_
the United States, high school is any three- to six-year secondary
schoolservingStudentS22-13(orfourteenorfifteen)through18years23-age.ofteninfouryear schools the different levels are designated, in ascending order, freshman, sophomore, junior, and senior.
Ine
MostAmericanhighschoo|sarepub|ic-meaningthattheyaretuition.free,supported24-state
, Rugby,
funds.Thereare'25-,anumberofprivatehighschoo|s26-thecountry,supportedgenera||y
27-acombinationoftuitionchargesandprivategrants28endowments.29-ot
the
theseschoo|sofferprimari|yacademiccourSeS30-co||ege-orientedstudents,andmanyaresectarian.
. EDUCATION.
191
HOLIDAYS
/rn
which pi
rx AIAtAA
I Look at the following pictures

and
I
r**-*&
h*a$*n$ fir*elinss
*"4t1+4"
say which holidays they reler to and

what you know about them. Are they
also celebrated in your country?
* t g*rrll
-iJ
* *ry+ v
A
(
ffihr{xkrl*t
Ir
N
E
N/
{r
1r.7
,'
;i. \
Remember Our Countrv's

Heroes on Uf nnORtAt dnY
.\
,
,'ffi
,D\
L,
C
'ru\S
S1
txilt:
METEMAffi$Dffi
St
AI
Ar
St
F.z
m(
4tu,t I
{
"$ rg5'
Honoring America's
Work Force
'tfr
La
Ar
CI
q,.,
CT
K}dW
Ne
Labor Day
MNWWW WNW
Bc
Inr
Inl
Tr,
Bi
Mi
Fa
HAPPY
MOTHER'S DAY
.l
r.|
I ne names ol months have been deleted. Decide il fne following pictures are symbols ol some ol the
holidays mentioned opposite, connected with the way lhey
which paragraph belongs to which month.
All Saints' Day
are celebrated. ldentilythem and speakaboutthe customs,

comparing them with the celebration in your country.
(1)
Guy Fawkes Night / Bonfire Night (5 - GB)

Armistice / Remembrance / Veterans Day
t$
*i
(11-GBiUS)
r{.{tb
International Students' Day (17)

Thanksgiving (fourth Thursday - US)
New Year's Day (1)
Epiphany / Twelfih Night (6)
Martin Luther King Day (third Monday

Australia Day (26;
Lord Mayor's Show (9 - GB)
Columbus Day (second Monday
Halloween (31)
US)
US)
May Day (1)

May Day Bank Holiday (first Monday * GB)
VE-Day (B)
Mother's Day (second Sunday)
Memorial Day (last Monday - US)
Spring Bank Holiday (last Monday * GB)
r,_{{
St. Valentine's Day (14)
r..l{U'
Washington's Birthday (third Monday
US)
All Fools Day / April Fools Day

Anzac Day (25)
St. Patrick's Day (Ireland, US)

Easter (the first Sunday after the first full
moon after the spring equinox)
Labor Day (first Monday
August Bank Holiday (last Monday
Christmas Eve (24)

Christmas Day (25)
US)
GB)
Boxing Day (26)

New Year's Eve (31)
's\
)
Independence Day (4
Intemational Children's Day (1)

Trooping the Colour / The Queen's Official
Birthday (second Saturday - GB)
Midsummer Day (21- GB)
Father's Day (third Sunday - US)
US)
. HOLIDAYS.
193
{
I
*n'rn
description fits to the following holidays?
Martin Luther King Day

St. Valentine's Dav
3 Washinston's Birthday
4 St. Patrick's Dav
5 tr,lIstef
6
7
8
9
l0
Bank Holiday
Mother's Day
Memorial Day
1l
Independence Day
Troqping the Col6ur
14 Guv Fawkes Night
15 Veierans Day
l6
17
18
19
20
Thanksgiving
Australia Day
Anzac Day
All Fools'Day
May Day
An offlcial public holiday when all banks and post

oftices are closed, as well as most tactories, offices
A public holiday in Australia, commemorating the
and shops.
It was first celebrated in 162l by the English settlers

of the Plymouth Colony, after the first harvest
fbllowing a winter of starvation and disease.
Nowadays the whole nation gives thanks fbr a good
harvest and the generous gifts ofnature. On this day
landing of the British in 1788.
A public holiday in Australia and New Zealand

commemorating the Anzacs (i.e. Australian and New
Zealand Anny Corys) landing in Gallipoli in 1915.
This is a sweetheafis' day. People send cards as a
token of love. Those who are in love express their
affection for their partner.
the Americans have the biggest f'east of the year.
Fawkes ( l-570 - 1606). was one of several

Roman Catholic conspirators in the Gunpowder Plot
who tried to blow up the Houses of Parliament. Under
torture he revealed the names of the other conspirators
and was convicted and executed. In towns and
villages you can see bonfires burning, fireworks
banging and rockets shooting across the sky. In the
weeks before, you will see groups of children pushing
an old pram with a figure inside that looks like a
scarecrow. The children will ask passers-by for
"a penny for the guy".
Gr.ry
George Washington was the first U.S. President. His

birlhday was the first f-ederal holiday to honor an
American citizen. His birlhday was Febmary 22nd,
but it is celebrated on the third Monday in February.
Maftin Luther King was
a clergyman who is ranked

among the greatest Americans. He fought for flll civil
rights tbr people and preached non-violence. He was
assassinated.
This holiday celebrates the resurrection of Jesus

Christ in the Christian church. It symbolizes new lif'e
People decorate graves with flowers. lay wreaths. burn

candles, pay rcspect to the iamily dead.
and fiesh hope.
It is
of celebration for people of Irish descent.

In New York City a parade is held on the lrish patron
a time
saint's f'estival day.
On this day Americans honour their war dead. Special

cercmonies are held in cemeteries or at monuments
for the war dead by veterans of military services.
Some hold parades and others hold rnemorial services
or special progranunes in churches, schools, or other
public meeting places.
This day is regarded as the birthday of the US as a
t-ree and independent nation. Picnics with patr-iotic
speeches and parades are held. It is also a day on
which flreworks displays flll the skies in the evening.
The flying of flags is common.
Labor Day
12 Halloweeir
13 All Saints' Dav
An annual ceremony held on the Ofticial Birthday of

the sovereign on Horse Guard Parade, London, when
regiments of the Guards Division, and the Household
Cavalry, parade ("troop") the regimental flag
("colour") before the soverei-en. The ceremony dates
from the l8th century and was originally a guardmounting ceremony.
It has neither political nor religious origin, nor is it

celebrated in aury unifbnn way. lts purpose is to
honour the nation's working people. For most
Americans it marks the end of the summer season.
Although it is not really a holiday, this day is regularly

observed. People play practical jokes on each other.
Some news organizations also spread hoaxes.
Children pretend to be goblins, witches and ghosts.

They make.jack-o'-lantems out of pumpkins and put
on costumes and rnasks.
lt's
day on which children honour their mothers.

give them gifts, or perhaps take them to a restaurant
a
fbr dinner.
In Britain this day may be best known for its tradition

of dancing round the Maypole and crowning of the
May Queen. This day is also called International
Workers' Day or Labour Day (to commemorate the
Haymarket Riot of 1886 in Chicago, Illiois)
Alter linishing Exercise 4, add to each h0liday the date,

as in Exercise 2.
The
On
ti
par
On tt
Two
On tt
Threr
And
Eleve
M
/a
st*
n
Pantor
',''C,j?
liHii
II
Bsil
Christ
spruce
| :;:ilt
194
12 On th
Twel'
On this day, the dead of all wars are rcmembered. In

the US, the president and other high officials place a
wreath on the Tcrmb of the Unknown Soldier at
Arlington National Cemetery outside Washington,
D.C. In Britain on Remembrance Sunday, the Sunday
nearest to Armistice Day, the chief cer-ernclny is the
laying of wreaths at the Cenotaph in London.
CHRISTMAS
I
iglvlng
I imi
Christmas greetings
lia Da"y
Day
Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year.
rls'Day
Wishing you every happiness in the New Year.
ay
Season's Greetings.
rg
.r
pw*
the
settlers
t
Has Christmas lost its true meaning in becoming

commercialised?
Do you think that non-Christians should still celebrate

Christian holidays?
good
5is day
a
Is Christmas really a pagan festival?
tar.
'al
ler Plot
rt. Under
tspirators
d
:ks
ln the
pushing
ea
)r
about Christmas. Describe the pictures 0n the left.
/Talk
$
1
2
3
How do you celebrate Christmas and New Year's Eve?
tn,
Twelve Days ol Christmas
On the first day of Christmas my true love sent to me

A partridge in a pear tree.
On the second day of Christmas my true love sent to me
Two turtle doves and a partridge in a pear tree.
On the third day of Christmas my true love sent to me
Three French hens, two turtle doves,
And a partridge in a pear tree.
Ten lords a-leaping,

Nine ladies dancing,
Eight maids a-milking,
Seven swans a-swimming,
Six geese a-laying,
Five gold rings,

Four colley birds,
Three French hens,
Two turtle doves,

And a partridge in a pear tree.
12 On the twelfth day of Christmas my true love sent to me

rths, burn
Twelve drummers drumming

Eleven pipers piping,
\'" illll
,4,1
:red. In
place a
-"q
at
gton,
i6r
Sunday
is the
regularly
,
other.
hosts.
end
put
lets,
aurant
.radition
cf the
nal
ite the
the date,
Christmas
Pantomimes
sprigs o{ mistletoe
holly
fairy tales
inderella
Little Red Riding Hood
Beauty and ihe Beast
Puss in Boots
Babes in the Wood
Peter Pan
C
Christmas tree
enn no
^r
can0res
sparKrers
Qnnic nino
rw
vuwrJ
vil
to do Christmas shopping
m I nce-p res
Jruit cake
tri nkets
decorated shop-windows
nriirriirr cnono // nrih
urru // nronho
urvurrw
ti nsel
to
a string of lights
to hang up stockings
cranberry sauce
a star at the top
to write and send off Christmas
to pour brandy over Christmas
homemade ornaments
waln uts
paper chains
strings ol popcorn
to decorate the tree

to hang things on the tree
tn drnnlp frnm ihp trpp
fill stockings with presents
egg nog
pumpkin pie
pudd i ng
cards
Christmas food
Carols and other songs

goose
Silent Night
fried carp with potato salad
Jingle Bells
cookies
White Christmas
pastr es
Good King Wenceslas
stufied roast turkey
'
. HOLIDAYS.
195
HOLIDAYS
I
I
The expressions on the lett are used when talking about holidays. Match them with of holidays on the right.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
a
b
c
d
e
I
g
h
i
j
trick or treat
carol singers
anonymous romantic cards

Queen's message
Auld Lang Syne
bonf ire
green beer
Pilgrim Fathers
Maundy money
Trooping the Colour
I tn,,,
thr
2hr
Valentine's Day
Christmas
Guy Fawkes Night
Halloween
3tu
4cr
5 fir
6pr
7th
8dr
9di
10M
the Queen's official birthday

Maunday Thursday
New Year's Eve
Thursday before Easter
Saint Patrick's Day

Thanksgiving
Christmas Day
IT
ll
TT
The following exlract is a description ol a holiday. Gompare it wilh similar celebrati0ns in your c0untry. Are there
||
Thef
any diffe
In 1968
any difterences?
Festivals are usually devoted to merrymaking. One of
the most famous in the United States is Mardi Gras in
New Orleans. The custom was brought f rom France
by the early settlers of Louisiana.
Mardi Gras is a time of feasting and fun just before
changing
holidays
night of "Fat Tuesday," which is the literal translation of the

French"Mardi Gras."Everyyearthousandsof touristscrowd
New Orleans to see elaborate floats, dancing in the streets,
and the colorful crowning of a queen by Rex, the Lord of
Misrule.
legal holi
by this
Washing
(From Compton's lnteractive Encyclopedia Deluxe

@ 1999 The Learning Company, lnc.)
(July a),
January,
activities take place during
Lent begins. The celebrations start sometime in
though the most elaborate

the week preceding Ash Wednesday. They end on the
Memorial
Columbur
Day (four
Thursday
25). In
ttt
||
fne expressions 0n the left g0 with the verbs 0n the right. Match them.
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
j
money for charities

a speech
tricks on each other
hidden eggs
old traditions
this popular event
jack-o-lanterns out of large pumpkins

oarties
the discovery of the Gunpowder Plot of 1605

the Queen in full regalia in a spectacular horse-drawn carriage
carve
play
takes place
hold
arrives at
deliver
keep up
search / look for
collect
is commemorated
lll "'
11 Ci
12 tra
13 lor
14 al
15 Nc
16 Gt
17 al
18 Cr
19 tht
20 Sa
l\f
l\f
n"
nrro the text below and fill in rhe tollowing prepositions.
TO AS FOR IN BY IN OF ACROSS AT
THAN
Bank Holiday
Festivals;
connectec
21_
22-the
Bank Holidays Act of 1871 and a

all the banks in England, Wales, Northern lreland, and Scotland. Although
banks.
these days are not statutory public holidays, their observance is no longer limited 24_
By March 2, 1933, more 25_20
states in the U.S.A. had declared bank "holidays" to stop panic withdrawals.
ln Britain, any of several days designated

supplementary act of 1875 23-
Origin
holidays
Then Governor Lehman closed all banks and stock exchanges 26_
in lllinois. 27
a few days banking operations were halted
28-
New York. Governor Horner did the same

the country. The economic life
29-thenationwasa|most30-astandsti||'TheAmericanpeop|eawaitedRooseve|t'sso|ution.
(From Compton's lnteractive Encyclopedia Deluxe @ 1999 The Learning Company, lnc.)
24
rejorcrng.
26
Many n
indicate.
called fear
other occ(
HOLIDAYS
I
The expressions 0n the left are used when talking about holidays. Match them with the holidays 0n the right.
tht.
t
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
ter
ll
lhere
on of the
sts crowd
o airaaic
-.
Lord of
a
b
c
d
e
I
g
h
i
j
hot cross buns

holly and ivy
turkey and pumpkin pie
crackers
first-footing following Hogmanay
pancake
the Declaration of lndeoendence
dunking for apples
discovery of America
May Queen, maypole or Morris dancing
oany, tnc.)
Washington's Birthday (third Monday in
(July a), Labor Day (first
Thanksgiving
Christmas Day
February),
following day.
Day
Monday in September),
from
Compton's Interactive Encyclopedia Deluxe

@ 1999 The Learning Company, lnc')
Columbus Day (second Monday in October), Veterans

Day (fourth Monday in November), Thanksgiving (fourlh
Thursday in November), and Christmas Day (December
25). In 1978, the government moved the observance of
||
teo
Independance Day
Shrove Tuesday, Lent
New Year's Day
May Day
Veterans Day back to November 11, which was originally

In l963Congresspassedabill-effectivein 1971 changing the days of observance of three existing legal Armistice Day. In 1986, the birlhday of Madin Luther King,
holidays to Mondays and making Columbus Day a ninth Jr., became the tenth legal holiday (third Monday in January).
legal holiday. The nine legal public holidays established Sunday is the only holiday under common law. When a
by this bill were: New Year's Day (January 1), legal holiday falls on Sunday, the holiday is observed on the
ttI
)r
Christmas
Good Friday
Halloween
any differences?
Memorial Day (last Monday in May), Independence

lia Deluxe
Columbus Day
The following extract is a list 0l American holidays. Compare them with similar celebrati0ns in your country. Are there
||
Are
The expressions 0n the lelt g0 with the verbs 0n the righl. Match them.
11 Christmas wishes
12 traditions have all but
13 local celebration are being
14 agift
15 Notting Hill Carnival
16 Guy Fawkes tried to
17 a man called Black Rod
18 Christmas pudding is
19 the national flag
20 Saint David, the patron saint of Wales
tlt
I
lf
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
j
revived
is flown
is put on in London
fulfil
is honoured on March 1
covered with brandy and set alight
blow up Parliament
bring
leads the Queen
died out
fill in the following prepositi0ns.
AS FOR WITH IN SINCE FROM WITH TO OF
IN
Origin of Festivals and Holidays

Festiva|sandho|idayshavebeence|ebrated21-ancienttimes.Theear|iestfestiva|sSeemtohavebeen
connected22offerings23-thedead.Later,peop|ece|ebratedthechange
ano a
rugh
24-SeaSonSwithfestiva|s'P|antingtimeandharvestofferingstimeWereoccasions25-Special
rejoicing. The festivals of the ancient Greeks and Romans were elaborate affairs" The Romans celebrated Lupercalia
26-FebruaryandSaturna|iainmid-December.Dances,amUSementS,andofferingsofpresentswereming|ed
lrawals.
re
same
27_
pagan religious rites.
Manymodernfestiva|sandho|idaysoriginated28-re|igiousce|ebrations,29-bothterms
lution.
indicate. These celebrations usually included sacred communal meals, 30

which the term festivals, also
"holy
called feasts, was derived. And the word holiday originally meant
day." Holidays celebrating historic events and
pany, Inc.)
other occasions came later.
life
From Compton's Interactive Encyclopedia Deluxe
@ 1999 The Learning Company, lnc.)
. HOLIDAYS.
197
MODERN SOCIEry
neao
the part
missing
anywherr
GLOBALIZATION
equipr
a't
I Look at the ten words and try to I
names
put them inlo pairs lo form

of some world problems.
mania
crisis
ec0n0mtc
globalization
agriculture
genetic
Now read the following newspaper headline. Can you guess what the article
might be about? Can you give some concrete points the article could touch upon?
c ;;;:l
World Gulture Resists

Bowing to Commerce
econo
led m
restru(
industrial
predo
t'edera
engineering
E n:.;
p
tgSi Now listen to the speaker talking about globalization and what
she sees as the luture of people in the 21st century. This is a summary ol the
talk. Fill in the missing words according to the meaning.
of globalization think that I
relationships are vital to successful developments in the future. On the
is nol
contrary, as the speaker suggests, this 2
are well developed is it
right. Only when 3

possible to create commercial and 4
Civil society movenrent
institutions.
groLrps are determined to
its role
as a political force. The new international WCO (World Cultural
Organization) is meant to be a counterpart to the existing
It is necessary fbr world leaders to identify

with the interests of the 8
society and take the
time to listen to those protesting in the streets. lf people start sharing their
own cultures with others, the 2lst century could mean a truly humane
of commerce and
l0
Worf with another student. Using

the expressions below, try to prepare
a similar talk to deliver at a student
conference. First make a plan of your
talk, stating the main ideas.
Nevertheless.
oo,
*on
I
I
I
I
I
I
II
|
loba lization
nlnhel ctrooi nqrtioc

industrial ized countries
'
developed countries less welldeveloped countries
developing' underdeveloped
to impoverish
ri
cher
" to
become richer and
growing influence of multinational

c0rp0ralr0ns
impact on the envrronment
fail to take this opportunity, the world's
future could look rather dim.
198
trade.
and write
country?
local cultures. However, the position of culture
today is not very strong, and it has to 6
and
lnaugt
Ji
if the
wasre
reflec
ge()gr
r't
Those in favour
the ur
:il:i
extinction
techno
Thisv
ofr
loss of traditional values

lnternational Monetary Fund
IMF
skinheads
anarchists
bottle battles and violence
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
|
II
I
I
I
I
Ec<
transl(
hul:ii
tUtL
mass
cenlra
-oti
low-w
ecO
workir
enterp
pace
mo,
export
balanr
Prtce
cheap
,'.Jiff
econo
flSlnq
^r-i
iiltl
r
the co
bankrt
ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL SITUATION

I
I
Read the following text. Put in
the parts of sentences that are

missing.One part does not fit
anywhere.
This was particularly true in the case
of military installations
and
equipment
he
article
rch up0n?
the unprecedented requirements fbr"
dividing the economy assumed
somewhat tentative order of priority
1]
Problems associated with the

transition from a centrally planned
economy to a market-oriented one
led many countries to completely
resfialcture their social security
was relatively diversified and stable,
reflecting both a more amenable

geography and the historic
predominance of Czechs in the
f-ederal administration
had caused a dramatic shorf-ternr

increase in prices and unemployment.
p and
\eparale currencies were
inaugurated
ln many respects, the partition of Czechoslovakia in
1993 represented for the

emergent Czech Republic an economizing measure far more effective than any
that domestic government policy could hope to accomplish. While the Czech
Republic and Slovakia officially shared the status of successors to the federal
state, long-standing inequities in economic development gave the Czechs a
decided advantage at independence. Rigid compartmentalization under the
Czechoslovak planned economy made Slovakia, with its mineral resources and
hydroelectric potential, a major producer of armaments for the former Communist
nations of eastern Europe. The econony of the Czech Republic, on the other
hand, 1_____. Similarly, the transition to a market economy initiated aftel the
so-called Velvet Revolution of 1989 lagged behind in Slovakia. Irrespective of
deeper societal factors, these imbalances predisposed Czechs to favour prrtition,
while the Slovaks were divided in their view of the federal partnership as either
an obscuring shadow or a sheltering wing. Once the political breach came to
seem inevitable. 2_____. At partition. the federal monetary system remained
essentially intact, each country identifying its currency supply by means of
applied stamps. The rapid economic divergence of the two republics, however,
ended the arrangement after only one month, 3_____. The historic imbalance in
government assets between the two territories made fair apportionment after
partition a difficult goal. 4_____, of which the Czech Republic held the great
majority. The bulk of Slovakia's military-industrial component, by contrast,
consisted in its armament manufacture, which had declined precipitously with
the collapse of Communism. Despite its inherent advantages. the Czech economy
faced independence at a time when recent emergence from the Soviet bloc,
coupled with the rigours of privatization, 5_____. The government instituted a
value-added tax in its effort to align the economy with Western markets.
(
r'l
Go through the text again. Highlight any useful phrases and supply
lheir
Fr
ott
En
vt' l olt
u<' tl i
u Il ri
tutti c u 200
Czech equivalents.
at
.t
Working in groups 0l three, prepare a short summary 0f evenls that followed after the described developments
and write what the economic and p0litical situation is like at the moment. Which political party is now in power in your
country? For inspiration, l00k at the b0x below.
nt. Using
0
prepare
a student
In 0l your
Economic and Political Problems, Elections

transformed economy
half-f inished economic
ref
l.
0rms
ri
ell-
I
I
ll
cher
and !
a
tlonal
I
t
I
I
Fund
I
I
I
I
I
inancial transparency
ec0n0my
\,\/orking practices
onlornrico ,wuL,uwru,,
roctr rnlr rrinn
pace of industrial
modern isation
pvnnrt enmnptitivpnpcq
balance oJ trade
price liberalisation
cheap and qualified labour
force
to bring down the government

tn rpqinn / tn ctpn dnMrn
/
rv
v,vy
no-c0nfidence
electi ons
{inancial scandai
plpntinn
npnpral
qur
rwr ur urvurrvl
a phase Slovakia had to go

tn roug n
independence
the birth of a sovereign republic
political scene
Communist dictatorship
government x cabinet x
administration
caretaker government of n0nelected technocrats
(radical) right-wing x left-wing
the incentive to enter the EU

economic stability
rising unemployment and
inflation
the collapse of banks
majority x minority party

coalition
cross-party coalition
bankruptcy
oppos ition
x centrist
vvrrir
vOte
c0 rru ptr 0 n
political problems
the split of Czechoslovakia
ented
low-wage, low{ech
I
I
Clean Hands Campaign

f
mass privatisation
centralised x market-o
m0ney laun0erng
Chamber
v l6r2l
plopli6J-1
x by-electron
universal franchise / suffrage
to register as a voter
e
winning party
Parliament x Congress
Lower Chamber x Upper
ecto rate
electoral register / roll

to have the right to vote
fn nn tn thp y-,,-,
nnllq / iho
.',- nnllin
Y-' ',Ig
statl on
h^ ^, /^^^^"\
i^ rf,^
tu pui uiru5 udl ut
ll.rdpur / ilrLilu
ballot box
to cast a vote
c0nstituency
to know the election results
to lose in the elections
+^ ^î- ., +^ l^^^ ^ ^^^r
tu gdil| tu ruJc d JUdr
^
to win / to achieve a sweeping /
landslide / overwhelming x
marginal victory
Chamber of Deputies
Senate x House of
Representatives
House of Lords x House of
Commons
Qnorlror
v lnrd llhrnnollnr
vyvu,\v
^
Chairman
watchdog body
fi rst-past-the-post
hung parliament
to ful{il pre-election promises
post-el ecto ral
demoralisation
to tarnish rnternational
reputati on
to abuse the ideals o{ freedom

an0 Oemocracy
. MODERN SOCIETY.
199
DISCRIMINATION
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Read the following article and

discuss whether a similar situalion
could arise in your country or not.
rt
to your neighbour. Do you

happen to know what the outcome
ol this trial was?
/Talk
at
.f
ln groups of four, if you were
the judge, what would your ruling

be? Give reasons for your decision.
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
In your groups, answer the

following questions, using the
vocabulary lrom the box at the
bottom ol the page.
What forms of racism
have you come across recently?

How were they dealt with?
What is the attitude of the

people you know towards racial
discrimination?
Emigration has increased in
recent years and has become a very
controversial topic. The most

discussed questions are listed on
lhe right. Try to provide as many
answers as possible.
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
'l tn,
inf ormal
presidenl
a
a
current and former employees accuse the firm of

racism and a "plantation mentality" in the workplace.
a
a
The seven African American plaintiffs are seeking

$Sbn in compensation, claiming they were paid less
than their fellow employees and repeatedly passed
over for promotions given to less-qualified white workers.
The workers, who are filing a class action suit against both
Microsoft and its figurehead Bill Gates, also claim to have been
subjected to racial harassment and retaliation when they

comolained.
Microsoft has declined to comment in detail

ra
o
on the case but it has vigorously defended its
a
o
commitrT'lent to diversity. While African-Americans
a
.a make up 2.7 per cent of Microsoft's workforce,
ro minorities as a whole account tor 22.7 oer cent,
raa companv spokesman Dean Katz said.
a
a
Why do people emigrate?
b)
Why are many people opposed to immigration?
c)
correct
word ord
2 Ta*
questionr
o
a
What ha
the fbllo
a
a
a
Talk
a
a
a
a
a
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a
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trials wi
What,
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right wa
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a)
largest discrimination suits in US history as a group of
a
a
a
a
Software giant Microsoft is facing one of the
a
a
a
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Microsoft sued for racial

discrimination
$ ontn,
hotbeds
terrorism
Then con
classmal
Did you r
not, justi
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belo
ol the
How can the host country profit from immigrants'?
cu
and pres
Discrimination, Racism, lmmigration

ethnic minority groups
c0mmunities
Gypsies
Romanies
Romas
to be entitled to equal rights

to integrate into the majority
c0mmunrty
to discriminate against
to seek refuge
refugees
levels the country can absorb
upsurge in crime
cultural diversity
to emigrate x to immigrate
African American
prejudice against minorities
legal x illegal immigration
to corrupt traditions
tn dpcfrnv lnnrl nrrltrrro
racism
tension in the relations between
desperate economic or legal
problems of deprivation
anti-Semitism
to combat racism
racial discrimination
sublect to intimidation
political or religious
ethnic cleansing
racial disadvantage
to feel the hatred of sb

ln fool nnntomnl fnr qh
economic reasons
pnrrrl nnnnrtLrnitipc
anti-discrimination
leg islation
to support unprivileged
minorities
200
to despise / treat sb as inferior

tn trort ch donpntlri
uvvw,,ul
situation
persecution
better economic opportunities
to commit acts of violence
influx of immigration
to restrict immigration
to be mobbed
to impose controls limiting
to shout abuse
the numbers
support
exp
ffi
loitation
cheap labour
to take jobs away from the
citizens
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WAR AND PEACE, TERRORISM

I
The following extract provides
As Serbia's president, Milosevic continued to dominate the new Federal
information about lhe former Republic of Yugoslavia, which had been inaugurated in 1992 and consisted of
president of Yugoslavia. Fill in the
(maintain) his power by his
only Serbia and Montenegro. He 1correct verb forms. Change the
repression of political opponents, his control of the mass media, and the
word order il necessary.
opportunistic alliances he formed with parties across the political spectrum,
rt
Z
Talk about the lollowing 2-(include)theYugosIavUnitedLeft,theparty3-(lead)
questions to your neighbour.
byhiswife.4-(Serve)twotermSaspresidentofSerbia,Milosevic
constitutionally
eking
less
ISSEO
5_
(bar) from serving a third term. He retained power,
What happened to Milosevic in however, by having the federal parliament

(elect) him to the
the tbllowing years?
presidency of Yugoslavia in 1991 . Milosevic's attempt to cling to power by
(expose) him to indictment by the
taking the federal presidency 7Talk about more examples of
International Criminal Tribunal for Former Yugoslavia at the Hague,
trials with former dictators.
(be) difficult
Netherlands. As president of Serbia befbre 1991, it 8What, in your opinion, is the
tochargeMi1osevicwithanypossib1eoffences9-(commit)by
people?
right way to treat these
Yugoslav troops during the war with Bosnia, but as president of Yugoslavia he
both
been
they
was also the commander-in-chief of the federal armed forces. He thus

(deem) responsible for any offenses against international law
10committed during the Kosovo conflict and was indicted in May 1999.
at
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(From Britunnica 2001)
0n the map, indicate the current
hotbeds
ol international tension,
lerrorism or war.
Then compare your map with your
classmates.
Did you mark the same places? lf
not, justily your decision.
Using the expressions lrom the

box below, briefly describe some
ol the current events in the world
and present them to the class.
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War and Peace, Terrorism

to break off diplomatlc relations
with sb
to declare war on sb
io have military superiority
to fight x win x lose a decisive
battle
to inflict heavy losses

to strike at an enemy
to repulse / beat an attack
to beseige
to skirmish
to attack from ambush
bombing / bombardment
to plant a bomb
to go off
to iaunch an attack / offensive

retaliation
to shift and regroup the forces

to bring in reinlorcements
reprisal
to be under curfew
to flee
to pursue
tn npnntirtp r eprqpJirp
to declare
call a truce
ceasefire x break truce
to force to surrender
lasting ceasefire
the need for restoration of
ceaseli re
in
..
to take sb prisoner
to set up the War Crime Tribunal
in the Hague
to bring former leaders of the
guerilla movement to trial
the collapse of ceasefire

to resume campaign ol violence genoci de
to hand over / surrender one's to be charged with war crimes
weap0ns
to withdraw
to capture 10,000 troops
decommission of illegally held
to surrender
+^ ^^^^^+
tu duLupt
warring factions
to oust sb from power

to deploy peace-keeping troops
arms
terms
+^.'h^
^^//.,
tuililJ \ udily
^',+
uur
to issue sentences as severe as

45 years in prison
to sentence to life imprisonment
jailed for life
. MODERN SOCIETY.
201
PROGRESS IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

I
I
Place
Look at lhe pictures on the right. Gan you recognize the
c0
people and inventions in them?
NU
ft
l,tlarcn the names in the first column with the inventions

or events in the second and dates in the lhird. Then discuss
the questions below.
Neil Armstrong
Alfred Bernhard Nobel

Alexander Graham Bell
Victor Kaplan
Otto Wichterle
Thomas Alva Edison
Yuri Alekseyevich Gagarin
Bill Gates and Paul Allen
Human,
turbine
soft contact lenses
first man to set foot on
the moon
telephone
dynamite
electric light bulb
Microsoft
first manned space flight
propeller water
The ter
1969
1913
--).
1976
reprodur
1961
reprodu,
1867
cornbini
'1961
replacen
1879
Humiin
1975
human
oppose
suggest
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7.
How would the world be different if these events hadn't happened?
Looking at the box above, think of some more significant events or inventions that have not been
included in the table.
people
In your view, which is the most useful invention in the last 100 years for all mankind? Try to support
your choice with some facts. Which invention is the most useful for you personally? Give reasons.
then-r frc
new 8._
conor
Pro,
Then cho
should wr
and subn
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In groups 0f three, make a list ol negative aspects associated with some technical and scientilic inventions. In
what way can they be abused? Be prepared to discuss your list with the class.
Invention and its use
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the missing words in the correct sentences in the text:
controversial
ethical
genetically
human
identical twins
0rgan
replacement
reproductive
Human Gloning
Human cloning is the creation of a
l.
identical copy of a 2.
The term is generally used to refer to artifitittl human cioning; human clones in the forrn of
are commonplace, with their cloning occuning during the natural process of
3.
reproduction. There are two commonly discussed types of human cioning: therapeutic cloning and
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reproductive cloning.
A third type o1'cloning called replacement cloning exists in theory, and is a
combination of therapeutic and reproductive clonins. 4.
cloning entails the
replacement of an extensively darnaged, failecl, or failing body through cloning.

Human cloning is
There have been numerous demands fbr all nrosress in the
,5.
human cioning field to be halted. Sonre people and groups oppose theraper-rtic cloning but many metre
clclning. Various scientific organizations have made public statements
oppose 6.
suggesting that human reproductive cloning be banned until safety issues are resolved. Serior-rs
issues have arisen
7.
rot been
o1' organs
fiom clones. Some
people have considerecl the idea of growing organs separately fiom a human organism
in doine this,
supply could be established without the moral in-rplications of harvesting
new 8.
suppoll
in discussions of harvesting
then from human organisms.
tsons.
Frtttr Wikipeliu
Conduct a suruey in your class. Do more classmates think that scientists should clone body parts or vice versa?
Then choose three tepresentatives on each side to defend theirstandpoints in an open panel discussion. Each ofyou
should write one question on a slip 0l paper for these representatives. A moderator should choose the best questions
and submit them to the panel. 0ne or two interpreters can interpret the discussion into their mother tongue.
rtions. In
Progress in Science and Technology

advan ces
satel i ite communication
testlube bables
flying saucer
researc h
automatic camera
cloning
cosmonaut x astronaul
awards ceremony
Polaroid camera
human reproduciive cloning
space flight
Nobel Prize
calculator
serious monitoring of research
(un)manned flight
0utstanding inventions
computer technology
nanotechnology
circle the Earth
scanner
biotechnology
genetically modif ied foods
to land on the moon
weap0 ns
websites
arms [ace
H-bomb
'
adoption websites
A-bomb
buy babies irom adoption brokers

nriprhprd nrniprtnr /OHP\
ballistic missile
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dr
Urdtt
h
pnotocopier
ove rc raft
laser
air-cushion vehicle
satel
iteiorbiting satel ite

I
genetic engineering
Space exploration
solar system
travel
lunar landing
the Sun
Venus probe
spacesh i p
planets
l^h^.^+^",,
^^^^^ rduurdrury
JpdLU
stars
meteors and meteorites
space shuttle
UFO (unidentified flying object)
. MODERN SOCIETY.
203
ENERGY
I
I
Here is some information about

renewable energy resources. Read
the texl on lhe right and decide which
type of enelgy ltom the headings
below the descriptions refer to.
Geothermal Energy
Hot springs, geysers, pools of
The power that
boiling mud, and fumaroles are the

most easily exploited sources of
such energy. The greatest potential
for this energy, however, lies in the
generation of electricity.
can be extracted
from the kinetic
energy of wind
depends
Japar
ag
00
upon
lt will
the w,
the wind speed.

The theoretical limit of power from
wind is 59% of its kinetic energy.
Wind Power
Choosr
Dln
They
acl
or
Biomass
This type uses two methods:

extracts energy from ocean
0cean Thermal Energy

Conversion (0TEC)
currents in a way similar to wind

power, and uses the temperature
Tidal Energy
differences between the ocean

surface and ocean depths to run
Hydroelectric Power
a heat engine.
rt
lFinda word in the textthat means:

1 change into another form,
substance or state
oetrol with a small amount

alcohol in it
relating to or produced
motion
o
o
o
a
a
a
of .
:
a
by .
a
4
generators driven by water turbines
that convert the potential energy in
falling or fast-flowing water to
mechanical ener
Hydraulic turbine-generator units

Wood and other plants can be burnt
directly or converted into a fuel.

Conversion of grain to ethanol and
the production of gasohol (10 %
ethanol and 90 % gasoline) is an
example of this process.
are presently used to extract energy

from ocean tides, although on a very
limited scale. There are few sites
throughout the world that are

suitable for harnessing this kind of
energy without
constructing
prohibitively expensive damlike
structures.
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utilise
at
Can you think of other energy

sources not listed above?
They
body.
This kind of electricity is produced by
aw
ocl
5
ae
h^
IT
| Fill ir
11 _
|
12race
as
their
,n,
box below you will lind a lew

'n
expressions concerning energy. Using
14-
some of them, write a paragraph on
espec
nuclear energy and its advantages and
a con
race,
15_
biomass
renewable energy
to store nuclear waste
electricity generation and power supply

annual energy consumption
f inite nature oJ the world's fossil-luel
energy resources
to cause little environmental pollution

economic viability
to contaminate
fossil fuels
hyd roel ectri
{irewood
nuclear energy
converting the heat from burning fuels into

mechanical energy
petroleum / oil
fears concerning safety
nuclear reactors
radioactive waste
dicnr rtoc nvpr crfptv
to jeopardise public safety

to pose a potential risk
disastrous e{iects o.f the nuclear
accident at Chernobyl
natural gas
nuclear energy perceived in

Hiroshlma-like terms
domestic and industrial heating

exploration and new methods of extraction
protracted nuclear debate
reserves ol
coal oil, and gas
prejur
biogas
SO
alternative energy
TCES
controversial issue
undesirable environmental c0nsequences
solar power
solar cells / batteries
wind power
environmental groups
impact on the environment

burning fossil fuels
activists
alternatives to these fuels

biof uels
wave
ockades
lll'n
sentence
ity
wind farms
wind mills / turbines
geothermal energy
combustible plant or animal materials
anti-nuclear opponents
nalurt
energy res0urces
power station
nuclear power plants
inf,
13_
disadvantages.
Energy
tr
qnanil
/ tidal power
16
17
The
18
This
The
neig
VCTS
19
20
May
may
Byt
shut
SOCIETY
I Ghoose the right expressions and fill in lhe gaps.

1 Japan and other countries ...
a growrng
up
h r'larrolnninn
lt will continue to
the world.
a enrich
b impoverish
fver from
3
4
d industrialized
many of the poorest parts of
turbines
)nergy in
b checking
valer to
c verify
d poverish
x energy
)n a very
CW SITES
ilat
b impact
c
d
and xenophobia are

steadily growing in Europe.
c raclsm
a intimidation
b cultural diversity d pickpocketing
liberation
I Fill in the missing expressi0ns.
11
12
itl
15
T
is hostility to or prejudice against Jews.
l\f
is a relatively small group of people,

especially one commonly discriminated against in
a community, society, or nation, differing from others in
race, religion, language, or political persuasion.
27
unfair treatment on the basis of
prejudice.
I
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I
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I
a
I
t
I
I
I
I
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'l
tu,rn
21
22
23
24
25
26
is the belief that all members of each

race possess characteristics, abilities, or qualities
specific to that race, especially so as to distinguish it
as inferior or suoerior to another race or races.
ltI
the cotlocations.
computer
test-tube
space
flying
genetic
ballistic
a
b
c
d
e
f
missile
shuttle
technology
saucer
engineering
babies
||
Nigeria has lead African countries in banning

the imDortation of waste from industrialized
28
Meanwhile the effectiveness and cost of aids

from France (the largest donor to Africa) was
being increasingly scrutinized.
29
This would be achieved by formulating

a convention on climate change, to include
legally binding protocols on cutting emissions of
gases which contributed to global warming.
30
The talks failed produce any clear commitments

on proposed treaties to control climate change
and to safeguard species diversity.
CLEANSING REFUGE INFLUENCE

SKINHEADS RESULTS
16
17
The
The children have been forced to

neighbouring countries.
seek
18
This is the harsh reality of ethnic

version of apaftheid.
_,
19
Maybe this is a consequence of the recession,

maybe the growing _
of the chains.
20
By this time all London's pubs and clubs had firmly

shut their doors to
Spot the mistake and correct the following sentences.
countries.
The following words have been left out 0f the
senlences below. Put them back.
II
^l
...
14
{W
nces
and_
a underprivileged c minority
b equal
d coloured
is a person who has been forced to leave

their country in order to escape war, persecution, or
natural disaster.
nl
d outcome
10 Manifestations of _
fruition
orice
d coalition
For the disabled, less abled
13
rl
demoralisation c constituencv
ll
tructing
dam llke
boundaries are changed from time
To use raw materials that have minimum

the environment.
a consequence
c result
dtE
s kind of
b opposition
is seen as the best way to overthrow a dictator
a enterprise restructuring
b assassination
tor units
However,
c watchdog
d control
a watching
will be worth bearing.
to time.
body...
duced by
a no-confidence vote c economic stability

b political scene d cheap labour
.
They have built up the industry on _
a cheap labour
c banktrupcy
b money laundering d balance of trade
They also notify the government's other
rnergy.
The costs of the
c underdeveloped
election
had been announced.

in
Europe's
. MODERN SOCIETY.
205
SOCIETY
|
,noose the right expressions and fill in the gaps.
The Foreign Secretary also predicted that
parliament would lead to another election within a Vear.

a nung
c wrougnt
b stung
d stuck
lmporting waste into the EC will also be banned, with
the exception of shipments from

treatment or recycling.
a developing
b industrialized
countries for
c underdeveloped
d industrial
Although human cloning could be a scientific
breakthrough, there are _

concerns.
a functional
c ethical
b elemental
d colloquial
An increasing number of ltalians want to adopt a British
system so that there can be a periodic clean

sweep.
a vote
c electorate
b first-past-the-post d strong
TI
I I Fill in the correct expressi0ns.
11
is a disc-shaped flying craft supposedly
13
is a rocket-launched spacecraft able to

land like an unpowered aircraft, used to make
repeated journeys.
14
15
is the deliberate modification of the

characteristics of an organism by manipulating its
genetic material.
is the branch of technology that deals

with dimensions and tolerances of less than 100
nanometres, especially the manipulation of individual
atoms and molecules.
Itt
| | The lollowing nouns have been left out lrom the

sentences below. Put them back.
16
17
18
19
20
206
BIOMASS FIREWOOD OIL COAL BIOGAS

The people who run the country also run the
industry.
The ideal for the future must be a private

mine and a power station working
together.
With more breeding and genetic engineering, the

productivity of _
coppices could be
doubled.
We must gather _
is produced by the fermentation of
organic matter.
d slogan
_,
this
country would be finished.

a nnliiina I cccnc
cv vvr
cnnqtiir
rerrrsvr ronnrr
rvy
b opposition
d electorate
The voting reportedly passed off peacefully and was
marked by _
among the electorate.
a democracy
u aPdury
b sympathy
d bankruptcy
Universal
has not produced the workingclass political dominance which so many people
either feared or hoped that it would.
a price liberation c corruption
b franchise
d ballot
9 And, as with all myths, there is a kernel of truth in
the_ perception of themselves as outcasts.
a skinheads
c polititians
b technocrats
d coalitions
10 But the same stone-throwing anarchists complained
that they had been brutalized by policemen and
thrown into _.
a Black Marias
b Green Antons
is a device that generates an intense

beam of coherent monochromatic light (or other
c vote
out their extravagant promises to the
electromagnetic radiation) by stimulated emission of

photons from excited atoms or molecules.
for Britain.
lf a socialist government came into power and carried
piloted by aliens.
12
Cast a(n) _
a election
b word
FAMIL
512
1. c
2.d
3.a
+.
d-
0-(
811
Jamie:
Mark; H
il you wc
J:
Sound.
M: Hov,
.somethin
a.flerv,arr
Mmnt.
J:
c Old Bills
d bear cars
got some
night
M:
ttt
I lf
6:00,
Vtatctr the lollowing expressi0ns with their

c0llocations. Sometimes more than one collocation is
ins,
Soun
okc
J:
Great.
M;
Bye.
possible.
21
22
burning
to pose
a potential
23
to
jeoPardise
811
pollution
public safety
Anne:
lssues
.l: I
energy
25
renewable
plant
26
impact on
consumption
27
annual energy
fossil fuels
28
nuclear power
resources
energy
risk
to cause little
environmental
Ye
on Saturt
30
He1
)'otr like
24 controversial
29
Joe:
don
nine. Ilh
A: Oh, s
going to
J: Well,l
going ttll
A: I
knoy
Thanks
J: Surc. ,
10t2
the environment
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
chun
orga
churl
civilr
invitr
gues
KEY
rd carried
_,
this
and was
7.
B.
FAMILY
512
1. c
2.d
3.a
4. a - altered
10.
- tolerance
- praise
d - deplore
b
workrng-
y people
811
Jamie: Hello, Jamie speaking.

rf truth in
^^^+^
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mplained
nen and
lace veil
aisle
12. allar
13. tuxedo
14. minister
15. vows
16. ceremony
17. best man
18. wedding rings
19. husband and wife
11
Mark: Hi, Jamie! This is Mark. Listen, I was wondering

if you wanted to go crnd see that new Spielbergfilm.
J: Sounds great! When should we do it?
M: How about tomorrow night at 8:00? We could go get
something to eat first and then mayhe go out for a drink
afterwards.
You know, tomorrow s out for me. I've already
got something planned. Why don't we make it Thursday
night instead'?
M: Sounds good to me. So I'll pick you Ltp at around
6:00, okay?
banns posted
big day
uroddinn drpcc
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
rice
wedding reception
honeymoon suite
white wedding
limousine
honeymoon
J: Mmm.
ith their
J: Great. I'll
cation is
M: Bye.
see
you then. Bye.
811
Joe: Hey Anne! I'm having

lety
tion
Thanks anyw*cty.
J: Sure. Maybe next time.

1012
)nmenI
party on Sctturday. Wottld
yotr like to come?

Anne: Yeah, I'd love to... Oh, wait a minute. Ilhat time
on Sattrday'?
J: I don't know. It'll probably start sometime around
nine. Why'?
A; Oh, shame! I can't make it on Sctttrrday night. I'm
going to dinner with my mother.
J: Well, you can always come out after dinner. We'll be
going allnight.
A: I know, but I have to work early on Sunday morning.
L
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
church wedding
organ
church bells
civil wedding
rnvitations
guest list
12t1
1. teddy bear
2. rattle
3. bib
4. squeaky toys
5. fluffy animals/soft toys
6. high chair
7. pushchair (GB) / stroller (US)
B. pram
9. baby walker
10. playpen
11. carry-cot
13/3
Dud: Mark, can we talkfor a second'?

Mark: Uh, yeah, hi dad. What s trp?
D:
What ls up? Do yotr eyen have to ask what s up ? This

report card i.s di,sgraceful!
A4; Oh. ycah. rhar.
D: Yes, that! I thought last term's was as bad as it could
possibly ger, but now this.
M: I know, I'm sony.
D: I mean, a D in histoty! A D in Latin. You've totally
J'ailed Greek.
M: I know, I know! Btrt I can't help it! All of those stul.fy
teachers lecturing me, trying to teach me a language that
hasn't been spoken in. over two thousand yectrs. I mean,
whatls the point? What good is an A in Latin going to
do me?
. KEY.
207
D: It'll
get you into a decent university, that s what
it'll
do yotr.
M: Oh, not this again.
D: Well, it'.s true! Do you really think that Cantbridge is

going to accept someone with marks like this?
M; l told yctu I donl w'ont to go to Cambridge or Oxford
nr any oJ those snobby places.
D: Oh, 1tes, that s right! Yotr want to be o car mechanic. I
almost forgot, m!- son wants to be the first Eton graduate
to become a greose-monkey! Thatls afine.fttnre.foryou.
M: Ho** many times do I have to tell you, I donl just w-ant
to work on cars. I want to be a Formula One mechanic,
work on the real machines. And I can do it, too! Or at
least, I could, if you'd just let me.
D: I didn't spend all of that money on your education.just
so that yotr could...
M: lVo-one ever asked yotr to spend all oJ that money,
Dad. Besides, the mechanic school is much cheaper, and
at least I'd be learning something.
D: Nobody ever asked me'? Oh, that'.s wonderful. Thctt s
gratitude Jbr you.
M: Gratitude? Am I supposed to be grateful? Gratefttl for
packing me olf to some boarding school, to be shoved in
with a bunch of whiny, snobby little brats?
D: Itls a place where ltou canfind.friends and a job that
are worthy oJ'ottr.family name.
M; Aaah! I'rn so sick of that! You know what, I don't

give a damn about Eton or Cambridge or OxJbrd. And
for that matter, I don't give a damn abottt our family
name either!
D: What? Wait a minute! Come back here!
3.
4.
5.
6.
22.
23.
outside
* grandfather
c-wakeup
b/c
to start a, to break up the, an adoptive, an extended, a

single-parent, to look after the, a large, to feed the, to leave
the, the immediate

undying, to inspire, to send, to fall out of, puppy, to declare,
blind, everlasting, unrequited. to show

one-parent
spouse
'10. divorce
remarriage
11
12. marriage
8.
9"
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
HOME
19t2
child
Landladl
stepfamily
siblings
Peter:
L.
is
American; principal
headmaster; program
programme
1411
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
b,alblcld
a;b/d, c
e;d
Yes, it
P: Great.
L: Certai
19. b
20. h
21. g
22.
It s really
tJ.
L:
everythin
a nrce po
P: Ah, ir
24. d
25. b
26. e
27. c
28. a
29. f
30. d
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
b;d
c;d
P:
So
L.
Yes,
granny flat
meals on wheels
arthritis
senile
hard of hearing
pension
live-in nurse
home help
nursing home
Practice Makes Perfect

L c-gold
2. a - thrown
L:
208
'
h,
There
looking.l
anything.
p.17
lVo, nc
L. Right.
- upwards
d - site
c - uncle
.floors,
the place
-woman
uL,
there s a
P: It
sout
b-hilt
L:
foster, illegitimate, naughty, to keep an eye on, to neglect,
know, the
P: Well,,
assure yo
be any bc
to scold, to spoil, well-behaved, to abuse a
arranged, hasty, loveless, mixed, of convenience, to

announce a, break up, to consummate, collapse, to end
10. unmarried
11. together
12. cohabitate
13. households
14. foster
15. alternative
16. g
17.
18. b
19. d
20. h
21. f
i
p. 16
yot
P: And
a, to neglect
1.
2.
3.
4.
5
6.
.
8.
L
it
Yes,
there.
B. control
f . infertility
15t2
U,
abotrt the
And More Practice...
The first headline
24. a
25. b
26. e
27. f
28. a
29. c
30. d
P:
1312
Yes,
L: I'm so
P: Ohh.I
never hat
L: lVo, I'r
P: Well, t
L: Good,
19t2
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
two
Victor
three
landlr
hardv
ceilin
laund
.en0e0,
),to leave
l declare,
8.
L
22. c
23. e
24. a
25. b
26. e
27. f
28. a
29. c
30. d
1n vonptrhlo nlnt
11. quiet
12. non-smoker
13. has no pets
19t4
... it was right up ...; lt was very cramped; lt had a kitchen corner;
... it was in bad part of ...; There was a large swimming pool ...;
It was so spacious ...; lt is nice and cosy.
HOME
19t2
Landlady: Hello.
Peter: Uh, hello. My name is Peter Smith. I'm calling
about the ad you placedfor thefiat. Is it still available?
L:
Yes,
porch
garden
it
is.
20t1
4,3,7
1,6
5,2
8
P: Great. Could you tell me a little about the flat?

L: Certainly. It s a two-bedroomflat in a Victorian house.
It s really spctcious, and it has wonderftrl tall ceilings and
everything. [Jhm, let ls see. It 1g on the topfloor and there s
a nice porch in the back that leads to the garden.
P: Ah, it has a gctrden!
L: Yes, it's very nice. I have my little vegetable plot out
there.
P: So yott live in the house as well.

Yes, I live on the groundfloor.
P: And how many otherfats are there in the house?
L: There s jtrst threefiats, so it s nice and quiet. We are
looking for quiet people, yott knot. No wild parties or
L:
2',111
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
chimney
roof tiles/ roof
lightning conductor (GB) / rod (US)
gutter
handrail
window-box
banister
sash window
window sill
patio/porch
French window / porch
anything.
P: No, no, you won't have to wony about thot.

L: Right. Well, letls see. What else. Theflat has hard-wood
floors, uhm, central heating, of cou.rse, uh, and, oh yes,
there'.s a laundry room that we all share in the garage.
P: It sounds great! Could I come b1, and have a look at
21.12
Solar panels provide electricity; Sawdust pellets fuel the wood
stove; Insulation and double-glazed windows keep in the heat;
Wood stove provides heat; Shingles keep water from leaking
into the house.
the plrtt'e .'
rence, t0
L: Yes, well, uhm, that'd befine. But I have to let you

know, there are no pets allowed, and no smokers.
P: Well, I don't smoke. But I do have a dog, Fifi. Bttt I
assure you shels completely house-trained. She wouldn't
;e, to end
be any bother at all.
negrecl,
L: I'm sony, but I must insist on
1.
3.c
22t2
no pets.
P: Ohh. Well, that s a shame. Are you sure? I mean, I've

never had any problems with...
L: No, I'm aJraid I must insist on this point.
P: Well, thanks any\t,ay Good bye.
L: Good bye.
2211
l,tro
pets.
inherit; put off; rotten; compress; barren; blisters
23t3
The hinges should be on the other side of the door.
25t2
1912
take/ have a long bath; siand on the scales/ maV tiled floor; fill/ to
L
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
two
Victorian
run the bath (tub); spray the floor/ tiles; pullthe shower curtain/
the plug; flush the toilet; squeeze the sponge/ toothpaste; go to/
three
landlord / landlady i owner
sit on/ read on the toilet; clean one's teeth using a toothbrush, a
tooth mug and toothpaste;the bath orwashbasin can overflow;
slip on the floor tiles
7.
hardwood
ceilings
laundry room
. KEY.
209
28t2,3
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
sowing machine
sow the lawn; or a machine for
spreading fertilizer
wheelbarrow
a small cartwith one wheel and two handles
for garden work

lawn/ grass rake - rake the leaves
lawnmower - mow the grass
seedling - prick out the seedlings
pitchfork - spread manure in the vegetable plot
rake
rake the leaves
carrot seeds
put into ground to grow, thrn out the canot
oatch
gloves
protect your hands
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
'11
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
building
25.
26.
a,c
27.
28.
29.
30.
Grossw
.)
b
4,0
a,c
FOOD
1.
peas
roof
Chile
3.
brick wall
4.
caull
flower pots - plant flowers and plants in

hosepipe - water the plants
home
5.
au0e
adjustable spanner - twist nuts

tape measure - measure distance
nuts and bolts - fasten things together
olane - make sufaces smooth
paint roller - paint walls etc.
electric drill - to make holes
spanner (double open-ended) - twist nuts
(drawing) pins - fasten things
a set of combination spanners (ring and open-ended)
p. 30
accommodation
mansions
SWE
6.
puml
7.
spinr
mansron
8.
cabb
skylight
gutter
9.
Dr0c(
10.
grap(
Crossword p.30
1
screwdriver - to screw and unscrew; turn screws into and

out of their place
nails - nail things together
saw - saw / cut wood
paintbrush - paint walls, furniture etc.
spray paint - paint things without touching them
spirit level - test a surface to see if it is level
pliers - hold things, cut or bend wire
brace (and) bits - bore holes in wood
210
at
L+.
cemented
18. hammer - hit things, esp. nails

19. axe, hatchet - cut or chop wood, etc.
20. folding ruler - measure things
21. vise - hold things tightly while work is done on them
1.
2.
zl.
zJ.
ground
29t1
21.
12. hoe - weed the flower bed

13. chainsaw - saw big pieces of wood
14. deck chair - sit and rest in
15. lay the lawn - avoid sowing grass
16. watering can - water the plant
17. spade - dig the garden
18. seeds - put into ground to grow
19. spray nozzle - water the plants
20. shears - cut plants and shrubs, trim the hedge
21. pruning shears - prune the fruit trees, trim the hedge
22. ladder - climb to places you cannot reach from the
19.
20.
a,d
10. trowel- plant the lettuce and cabbage

11. garden clippers / shears - trim the hedge
23.
24.
houses
Ienanls
detached
detached
terraced
mortgage
pr0peny
dnve
bedsitter
roof
13.
loft
4A
black
15.
lettuc
16.
greel
11. aspa
tL. pepp
4a
- p. 31
celer
1.
housing
17.
radis
2.
flats
18.
turni;
squa
terraced
19.
4.
detached
20.
bluet
5.
0ccupy
21.
water
6,
rent
7.
nee0
B.
maintain
9.
10.
households
landlords
11.
12.
0,c
.-
1A
33t2
1. c
2.b
?.1
4.b
33t2
I don 7 kn,
15.
to.
17.
d'9
1R
.f us/
don't
really
mc
when the
able to ec
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
c
d
b, c
b, c
d
window
ceiling
foundations
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
I decided to stop eating meat for a while, ju.sl to see

what it was like. I thought about just eatingJish, btrt then
I found out that that wasn't any better You just end up
eating all of the pollutants that go into the sea. So now
I 'm a full vegetarian. I just eat lots ofJruits and vegetahles
and grains, you know, lots of stir-fries and pastas and
things. And I try to make sure I get enough beans and
things, as well, because you need to replace the proleins
that you lose from not eating meat. And I really do./eel
healthier for it. It s great. You know, I think that, now that
So
ruins
31
stool
peephole
tub
bedlinen
shelf
threshold
FOOD
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
for me it was mostly a health issue. There are just so

many chemical.s that go into industrial meat production.
There are all of the steroids that the animals are given
when they are being raised, and then the presentatives
that are put in.to the meat to keep itfrom spoiling befbre it
gets to the market. You know, it s just not good for you.
No,
Crossword p.
'1
2
3
4
5
6
is that, when I was a kid, I actually used to like eating

meat, a lot. I used to feel like a meal just wasn't a meal
without at least some meat in it.
I'm so used to it, even ifyou cotrld get good, healthy meat,
I probably wouldnT change my diet.
peas
Chile peppers
sweet corn
cauliflower
aubergine (GB) i eggplant (US)
351',l
Cutting:
peel, chop, dice, mince, quarter, crush;
pumpkin
steam, saute, poach, thicken;

scramble, puree
spinach
cabbage
36/1
broccoli
4I .
grapes
asparagus
peppers
celery
blackberries
lettuce
green beans
radishes
turnip
squash
blueberries
watermelon
Cooking:
stir, stew, roast, simmer, microwave, boil, fry, grill, bake,
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Mixing:
stir, blend, whip, beat,
.^^^.,,^
^ +^Ll^
IUJUI VU d
TdUIU
go to the restaurant
leave your coats in the cloakroom

wait for the waiter to seat vou
ask for the menu
look at the menu
order your meal
eat the appetiser
eat the main course
In
f,^^^^4
^^+ +L^
IU. UdT
TI IU UUSJUII
'11
ask for the bill

pay the bill
leave a tip
'14. leave the restaurant
12.
13.
3312
1. c
2.b
3.d
4.b
33t2
I donl know, I know a lot of peoplewho did it because they
iust don't like the taste, or becatrse the idea oJ eatingfesh
really makes them sick, or maybe they had a pet sheep
when they were kids or something and have never been
able to eat a lamb chop since. The./unny thing about me
37t1
NOTE: The dishes in bold could be on either menu.
American: BBQ chicken wings, nachos, chef's salad, chili

cheeseburger, Philly steak and cheese sandwich, New York
sirloin steak, spaghetti bolognese, french fries, baked
potatoes, Caesar salad, apple pie and ice cream,
British: prawn cocktail, pate and toast, fillet steak

with mushrooms and onion rings, jacket potatoes, roast
duckling in orange sauce, chips, apple

chocolate mousse, banana split
tart and custard,
. KEY.
211
39
all statements are false
p. 40
1.
,)
c
4.
6
f,
6.
roots
8.
orange
9.
hon
10.
cinnamon OR nutmeg OR cloves

cinnamon OR nutmeg OR cloves
cinnamon 0R nutmeg OR cloves
innrodiont
12.
451111
Joe: Mor,
Mr.
like todol
.l: Oh, the
noanh
tc.
alcohol
of buking
P: I'm afi
J:
1'ou think
P: lVo, Jt
Oh, thc
closing tl
J:
16.
17.
What?
Jbr ftJteer,
1. drain
2. budget
3. distributor i wholesaler
4. household
5. perishable
6. appliance
7. dump
B. charity / Salvation Army
9. reject shops
10.
19.
Palm
43t4
14.
18.
SHOPPING
7.
11.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
P: I know
supermal
compete.
J: Btrt thc
Surely tht
down her
Oh, yt
ends thes
shops. I t
can buy i
a lorger t
P:
minor imperfection
20.
21.
44t2
J:
22.
4,0
have any
23.
24.
basketball - sporting goods store

whisky - off-licence (GB) / liquor store (US)
CD player - hi-fi shop
25.
26.
fresh cod - seafood shop

frozen pizza - supermarket
greeting cards - stationer's
guide book - bookstore
hammer - D.l.Y store / hardware store
27.
28.
29.
h
h
nino
yIF/v
5.
2.
7.
vanilla
ginger
11.
food
artificial
alcohol
12.
ce
9.
10.
15.
lery/lemon/rose ma ry/thyme
celery/lemon/rosema rylihyme
celery/lemon/rosema ry/thyme
cele ry/le mon/rosemary/ihyme
to.
13.
14.
17.
18.
C: Oh, y
S:
Well,
probabll
(US)
tnhennnnict'e
rolls-baker's/bakery
6.
8.
ass
Custome
summer,
fl
45t1t2
Shop
house
3.
1.
p.41
ThanA
holiday
4.
And More Practice
that muc
S: Well, i
I'll tell yt
- travel agent's
- estate agent's
magazine - newsagent's
nails and screws - ironmonger's
new boots - shoe shop
pedume - chemist's (GB) / drugstore
30.
P:
Well,
sandwich - delicatessen (deli)

sofa - furniture store
steak - butcher's
sweets - confectioner's
tofu - health food store
C:
Well,
alford ri1
S: No pi
can put )
tomorrol
vety real
C: Uhhn
S: Look,
home, ta
45t1
look at
Dialogue 1: Joe's corner shop (Joe
knows his customers

well); Dialogu e 2: abig shop or a depadment store (the shop
assistant does not know the customer); Dialogue 3: at home
(people living together); Dialogue 4: a hi-fi shop perhaps
C: Yeah,
S: Just
or any specialized shop, the shop assistant tries to be helpful

suggesting mail-order.
C: Uhhn
t'
deposit,.
make up
45t1t3
19.
Lee: He.
Susun:
20.
'.
21.
212
45rln
like today?
.l: Oh, the usual.
pint o/ ntilk, halJ a dozen eggs, cr pucket
o/ baking powder...
P: I'm a.fraicl w,e're run out oJ hoking powder

J: Oh, that'.s too bctd. Burbara v,anted to bake a c'ake. Do
you lhinkvou'll have it in by tomoryou,?
P: No, Joe, I'm not ordering anv-thing anv ntore. I'nt
closing the shop dou,n, going out of business.
J: What? You canl be serious! I've been shopping here
/or fi/ieen years.
P: I know', Joe, ond I thank vou./br it. Btn v:ith these new
,supermarkets popping up everyv,here, well, I,just can'l
compere.
J: But those markets are wdv oLtl on the outskirts of town.
Surclv there s plentl: of people u,ho v,ould rather.just conte
dov'n here to the corner shop.
P: Oh, 1'es, people still come. But
it's
jttst /br otlds and
ends these da1ts. The real shopping the,- do in those big

shops. I c:an't blame lhent, of course. The supermarkets
can huy in htrlk, so the"v hcrve lower prices than I clo, and
u larger selection too. lt s no Ltse.
J: Well, I'll still keep shopping here, even if vou clon't
have any baking povrder.
P:
Thanks, Joe.
45t1t2
rstomers
ithe shop
:at home
pernaps
e helpful
Well, close your eyes, keep thent c'losecl, readl:... OK,

open thent.
S: hu'! Yotr ltought a nevt contputer!
L:
Joe: Morning, Mr. Pulmer.

Mr. Palmer: Ahh, good morning.Joe. What u,oulcl .t'ou
Shop assistant: Well, whcrt do yotr think?

Customer: I don't know. I hadn't really planned to spend
that much. Itis tt bit too expensiveJor us.
S: tr|/ell, it is true, quality like this doesn't come cheap. But
I 'll tell vott what, next v'eek u,e're going to be starting our
sutltmer sole, and .t,ou cctn get this-fbr a reduc'ed pric'e.
C: Oh, veoh? How ntuc'h less?
S: Well, the pric'e lists arenl out ltet, but I'd sa.v it'll
probablv be at least.fifteen percent olJ.
C: Well, that'.s tluite good. But it's still more than I c'an
uffbrd right now.
S: No problem! The people in our credit department
cetl pttl );oLt on a pavment plan. You can take this home
lotl|orrow and po,- ir o/.f in lou' monthb, inslalntents, at a
verv reosonable inlerest rdte, too.
C. Uhhtn... I don'! kttorr
S: Look, there'.s no hurrv. Think about it Jbr a while, go
home, talk to yoltr partner. Then, next week, come and
look at the sale price and then decide.
C: Yeah, that sounds like a good idea.
S: Just one lhing, though. You might want to leave a
tleposit, jtrst in case somebod.,- tries to buy it be/bre vou
ntoke up t'our mind.
C: Ulrhnt.. I don'l krtttw..
L: Yeah, v'hul do .v-ou think?

S. Great! Ytu'll t'inally stop using mine all of the time!
L: Yours! This ones mtrch better than vours! And I got
a great deal on it.
S: Did you hry it dov'n at Comptrter Century;?
L: No, at Crazv Mike'.s Computer l4/herehotrse.
S: Oh, there... Did lhey have a sale going, too'?
L: Well, no, hut their retail pric'e v,as great! Take o
look.
S: Whal'?
qlI!
You
call that a bargain?
Lee, yoLr got rippetl
L:
What do .yotr mean? That s a great price!

I'm telling vou, ))olt got taken in ! Computer Centtrry has this ntodel on sale.for olmost half that price.
L: Half that price?
S: When are you going to learn to sltop eround be/bre
you bur,something? Look, you dictn't even get a decenl
vvarrcrntv on it. Only sir months.
L: Damn it! And I thought I'd done so well.
S: Lee,
S: Look, the next time you go shopping, take nte v,ith

1,ott, OK'?
45t1t4
Shop assistont: Hello, sir, can I help ys11'7
Customer: Yes, I'm looking /br this specdic model

here.
S. Let s see. Oh, I'nt sorry-. It'.s out of st<tck right nou,.
C;
yvas
a/raid
oJ that.
don't normally ,stock that model, nctuctlly. It i.sn't

really in great demand.
C. I kno**, I knov,. And you v'ouldn't happen lo knou,
S:
We
where I couldfind it?
S: Well, I think it might be pretN nnrch the sante ston,all

over town. Hat,e !'ott tried over at Brightintax?
C. Yeah, I've been there alreacly. I've been running
all over toyt,n looking Jor it. Could ltou order it fbr me
speciall"v'?
S: Oh, strre, but it would probablv take about three to

./bttr u,eeks ttt get here.
C: Blime.v, that's a long time!
S: Yotr knov', .sir, tou rnight be better o/f buving it muilorder
C:
Yeah?
S: IJ'you look in Blackw'oodls Catalogue,
got it in there.for
pretty good price. And
I think the1,'ve
it'll get to you
quicker too.
C: Well, thanks a lot.

S.'Not at all. Just donT tell tnv boss u'here vou heard it
Jrom.
4s12
45t1t3
Lee: Hey, Susan, come on in.
Susan: Thanks. So what s the big strprise'?
True statements: Dialogue 1: Shoppers can get a better

price at the hypermarkets because they can buy goods in bulk
Dialogue 2: The saleswoman offers to sell the customer the
. KEY.
213
product even though she does not have all of the money to pay
for it immediately. Dialogue 3: Lee thinks she got a good
20.
21.
dealon her computer. Dialogue 4:The shop doesn't usually

have the model the customer is looking for.
LL.
zJ.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
17
monolithic hyPermarket
hypermarket chains
jumble sale
supermarket trolleY
wholesale prices
214
Som
2.
size (taste)
look (cook)
Clog
almo
match (snatch)
include (conclude)
extend (Pretend)
attended to (listened to)
new
3.
coml
Stilel
of thr
w0m
4.
neett
Hikin
and
street market
department
grocery
CLOTHES
enterprise
s0l2
That
store
From left to right: chequered / checked, polka-dot / dotted'
treat
gourmet
tartan, argyle, flowered, paisley, herringbone, zigzag
comf
or alr
5.
Sanc
c0ns
cash
They
50/3
customer
retailers
counters
1.
2.f
3.a
4.c
5.b
6.9
7.
cash
credit
f
g
b
51t1
a
d
wrap (sort)
obligation (destination)
serving (tending)
looking/browsing (staring)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
V-neck
shawl neck
polo neck (GB) / turtleneck (US)
crew neck
cowl neck
5112
run (gone)
leave (let)
- P. 47
discount prices
shopping malls
small shops
mail order
retail price
clearance sale
register
clerk
1. flares / bellbottoms
2. drainpipes / fitted / skintight trousers
3. shorts / Bermuda shorts
4. bib and braces / overalls
5. miniskirt
6. knee-length skirt
7. pleated skirt
B. slit skirt
9. kilt
52t1
dP
item
a,
DU
checkout
b.
t^^^
tou9
toe
code
6.
They
Loafr
53/1
And More Practice
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
f.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
'16,
17.
18.
19.
- P. 45
not
d
U
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
1.
got
aolli
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
O
dresr
tried
dresr
fit;
le
take
takinr
nrrf n
10. chan
11. clash
12. suits
13. matc
14. grow
54t1
1. T
2.F
3.7
4.F
5.7
6.7
7. T
8.7
54t1
buckle
Well,
purchase
G.
neel
inventory
manager
f.
sole
tns, s)t
of m1,sel/
I v,as ral
retail
5212
receipts
1.
warehouse
g
e
. Topic-based
Vocabulary'
Called trainers (GB), sneakers, tennis shoes, or running

shoes, these casual shoes are very popular, and not only
for sports. Young people wear them quite often. They do
thing.
ct
Wl
concerne
my face a
is a profe
2.
3.
not need polishing: you can just clean them occasionally.

Sometimes you may need to wash the shoelaces or buy
new ones. They are comfoftable.
Clogs have wooden soles and are easy to slip on. lt's
almost impossible to wear them out. Usually they are very
comfortable, worn in the summer months or at home.
llti.s rtegutit'it.t' I ltttc{ ubottt trt.t bodr he bntttsltt nt( to (t

.yttrdio und tlt'essecl ttte trp crttd took sonte phologruplts o.l
nta. [{e ltut together nt.r, ltot'tfblio, ttnd seut it ofl to u.fet
Stilettos, also known as high-heels, need frequent mending
gol itl lottclt with
ntotlt'lling ctgenc'ies, and ltc .ruid "I'll ltet vttr gct u.job
ollbr in rto tine. " Yotr know', tre both took the whole thing
us tt kintl o/'o f oke, btrr,strt'c enotrglt, one of thc r/.g(,/r(ic,\

us,
und Lstnrtecl rttodelling.
of the heels, which can wear down quickly. Although many
women prefer platform shoes nowadays, classical highheels are still a part of evening dress.
Hiking boots are lace-up shoes; they are usually strong
and heavy duty As all other sports shoes, they should be
4.
comfortable and have a good thick sole. They are low-heeled

or almost flat. They should protect you from getting wet feet.
That is why they require special care - you have to clean and
treat them with the necessary cream or spray as required.
/ dotted
Sandals are shoes in leather, fabric or manmade material,

consisting of a sole held on to the foot by straps or thongs.
They are usually easy-care, soft, llghtweight and durable.
They are worn in summer by both men and women.

Loafers are classic, casual shoes with a broad flat heel.
6.
53/1
1.
3
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
1
0.
11
Plrolo sltrxtt.s t'ctn be u lot o/'filn. vhen the.t tuke pluce

irt erotit'loc'ations und sru/f'like thot. I onc,t'ditl tr pltoto
.sltoot.fitr o nev' line d hikinis, sc.t I v'as.flov'u out to
dressed
rt t'ttt'trliott beccruse the ruinttla vou're done shooling llte.t.
the.t,
/efiull,s, und it
hod tne ,stcrncling under thesc gredt v.areoll.t' bt:utrtifirl. Btrt it'.s not raully like
v.'cts
tried / put on
trsuull)'lrltisk .t'ou
dressed up
fit; letting out
take off; loosen; roll up
taking in; taking up
tut.t' /itttc 1o.see crn.t'ctf tlte.sights. But wltot I
reull.t'lovc
ar.e
abottt the lutrttching of
o ncv'lirtc. And I loye thc pres,strre ol ir. littt t.otttt'in off'

tht' t'trlttulk ttnd in.stunll)' sonleone i.s lhert, to wltilt off
.t'ottr t lctlhe.s, und .t'otr ltuve lo c'ltange iuttt utt antirel.t'
net otttlil irt only u.fev' trtitttrte.s. And tltert"t't, ttltrtr.t.s
ptoblattt.s, .\omeone hus trti.s:pluc'acl a necklttt'e rtr tt sltirl
gels ripped in the rush or sotnething, but u'heu .t,ou httve
to tlulk out in.front of tlto,sa ('umeros crgctir.t .t'ott're sol lo
be crxtl u,s ic'e. Like -t,otr're.itrst tcrking tt stroll thnttrgh the
put'li. \inr krtorr, tlte.lbeliug ut tlte end ofo sttt'ta.s.tfirl sltow,
lrltett .ttttt 't'e out thet'e ..:itlt tltc clesigrter untl ayar'.t'otte'.s
appluttdittg, it'.s gt'ectt. It muke.s.tou.feel like tharals a little
parl o/ .t'otr in ull of'thct.se v'ottderfirl dresses uud r'lothes
thol ara heing sold ull over the yvorld.
changes out of / takes off; (changes) rnto / puts on

clashes
2.F
3.7
4.F
5.7
6.7
7. T
8.7
5612
old, coarse, prickly
56/3
ut'tuull.v storfed modalling when I was in nty

teens, .\ot'l ol as o joke. ktu see, I never reall.t' thoughl
of' nt e I.f us e x c' ep I i o n a I l.t' b e tu I i /il l. I' v e tt I w a.t's / h o g h t
I wu.s t'ttlltcr pltrirt, rtothing orrt of the ordinan' or un.r.tlting. I4/hcu I was going thtrttrgh mr leenr I :r.as reull.t.
concernecl qbout how' I looked, unc.l I hatecl nT, bodt' and
m| ftrce uncl v'cr.s.just reallv seU c'onrcious. LI/ell, m.v urtc'le
is o profcssionul photogrophcr, trnd to help me {:et over
-t'.s
to llta uitport ctntl .t'ou dou'l ltttye
husina.s"s, ancl et,er.vone is erc'itect
put on
54t1
Well,
bcrc'k
.fhsltion shov's. There's ttotltittg like being ott u liya shrnr'.

Yott kttolr,.r'ou're there v'ith these realh., ltig uuntes in tlte
54t1
t. I
They do
I
I
Lluv,ttii qnd
4-
runnrng
ntttclt nore natural - diet ttnd regulur e-rert'i.se. Bttl

lova tn.t,bocl.t,and I think ltyotrltl take care ol it at,an i/
tt'tr.vt'l drtitts thi.s job.
i.s
got undressed i undressed

npttinn droceod
12. suits
13. matches
14. grown out of
not only
W'ell, nto.;t people clon't tltink so, httt it retrll.t i.s'. I ntettn,
ps-vc'hologic'ally it reallv tulias its toll. Yott ulvu.t's hove
to lte c'onc'erned about .t'ottr bod.l,, and alv,a.t,.s luke cttre
o/ .t,our',sel.f. Il seents like even,botlt) v,utlts their model.s
lo he tltittner ctnd thinner lhe.se cta.t's, so .tou huya to keep
a rer'.r' <'ureful diet. The prrsure to be thin i.s .so git.ettt
sorne girls lurtl to clnrgs ot' ltulintia and.itt.st t'aull.t, gel
unheulth.t,, hoth physictrll.t' ttntl mentally. Mr prcgrunt
t r
1. malice
2 keen
3. garment
4. naked
5. ancient
6. spent
. tension
B. stirred
7
. KEY.
215
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
56/4
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Yes, he does.
No, it isn't.
No, he isn't.
No, he isn't / hasn't.
Sometimes he does.
5717
iron -
used for ironing clothes after they have been washed in
two
pairs of scissors - used for cutting paper and material;
sewing machine - used for making or mending clothes;
a spool of thread and a needle - usually used for
mending, sewing on buttons, etc.; knitting needles and
yarn - used for knitting; needle, hook, cotton, fabrics - used
for embroidering; washing machine and dryer - used
a washing machine and dried in a dryer or on a clothesline;
for washing and drying clothes
dressmakers
clothing
ready-to-wear
haute couture
designers
fashions
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
1a
F: Wfut? t
J: Well, ir,
lol ofperl
and I hav
travelling
pay when
ifI stay w
tt,
F: It
18.
19.
a, b
a, b
J:
soun
Well,
travel a lt
and when
J: I realll
65/1
anymore,
about a c
green
blue
black, red
blue
red
green
11
weavrng
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
clothes making
13. metal needles

14, sewing machine
15. stitching
16. clothing
tt,
18.
temporary / summer
self-employed / freelance
hard-hat worker / unskilled labourer
military / national service
civil servant / state employee
family business
66t2
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
perKs
vety
ge
stres
it,soitsc
a slave dr
take more
buck, be r,
canbear
just sick
'
else with
F: Like w
F:
Yeah,
yott donT
I'd
leave
J: I know
at my ag(
F: Ilell,l
to eventn
get all of
overtime
1. d
2.a
stressful
working environment
slave-driver / workaholic
initiative
responsibility
passing the buck
blue
black
17 naroor nhenno
p. 59
enough t'
even ifyc
company car
expense account
travelling
health scheme
sick pay
promotion
12.
13.
14.
15. self-motivated
16. slave-driver / workaholic
I don't
got "A" l,
19, b
20, a,b
21. b
22. b
23. b
24. h
25. g
26, e
27, c
28. d
29. f
30. a
216
rose
11
WORK & LEISURE
- p. 58
black, white
10,
1,
2,
red
66/3
Friend: L,
June; Yea
white
white
bleach - 40' warm wash

dry-clean - iron
1'7
black
red
tumble-dry
12,
black
yelling al
hand wash
blue
10,
B. pensir
19. retrair
20. qualifi
1
20. b
21. a,b
22. b
23. b
24. g
25. h
26. t
27. e
28. a
29. d
30. c
57t8
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6,
7,
8,
9.
white
green
grey
J:
You kn'
thought.
67t1
3.c
4. b
5. extra
68/1
ln order:
18. pension
19. retraining
20. qualifications
6812
1.
sign up
commit oneself in writing to an activity or
gr0up
66/3
overdraw
Friend: Hi Jane.
What'.s v'rcng? You look a little clov'n.

Jane: Yeah, i1 t ryy job. I reallv don't knov'u,hot to do.
F: Urh.t''l I thrnghtyou u,ere reully hupp.v with it.
J:
Well, in many ways it'.t a great job. It definitelv has a

lot of perks. I have a compan-r, cqr I r:an ttse at onv time,
and I hcn,e an expense accounl I can use to po.l,.for mt;
trctvelling. The job of/brs a grettt heulth plan v,ith full sick
payv'hen I get ill. And therels a good chance of pontotion
i/ Lsttr.r, v,ith the contpanv./br o.fbw 1,sqys.
F: It sotrnds great! So w,hatis the problent, then'?
J: tr4tell, I'm ju,st not satisfied with the jctb. I have to
travel u lot, so I'm always av'a.y fi"ont Dan and the kids,
and v.,hen I ant here I alwut.t,s have to v,ork overlime so
I don't get a c'hance to see them ntuch either. Its ctlso a
ys11: ttyssrful.job, and evety body in the o.ffic'e is
feeling
il, so il:t d prettv tense v,orking environmenl. The boss is
a slave driver which doesn't hclp. He just w,alks arunnd
yelling ctbout how w-e qll have to .show more initiative,
take more responsibilitl:.for things instead of possing the
buck, be mrtre self-motivttletl, and ull of those things. He
can be a reul tyorkaholic sontelintes. But most ofall, I'nt
jtrs/ sick of selling computers. I v'crnt to do something
take more money out of the bank than you
have
afford - have enough (money, means, time, etc.) for; be

able to spare
2.d
open an account
get oneself into debt - spend more than you have

make a withdrawal - take money out of a bank account
3.a
charge
debit the cost of something to a person or
account
take out a loan - borrow a sum of money from a bank
affiliate - associate oneself with a society
4.
c/d
automatically pay - transfer money to pay bills without

direct action
make a deposit - to put money into a bank account
u.
high-interest account
bank account with a high interest
credit limit
the maxrmum amount
a customer
can
charge
else v'itlt mv life.
savings account
customers
('ereer change 0l nN age.

F: Yeah, but rt'hat are !'ou goitlg to do, stick u'ith a job
vou don't like until vou get vour pension'J If I u,ere.r,ou
I'tl leave ondfnd sontething.tttu like doing better.
J: I knou', but how,can I do it? I can't go bac'k to sc'hool
dt mv age.
F: Well,.yottmight not have to do a /irll degree, You've
gol "A " level histor1,, haven't ttou? You should see i/'thatis
enough to get a .job leuclting historl, sonteu,here. And
even if 1'rttr do have to do some relraining, t'ou c,ould go
to evening classes beforc -t'otr qtrit rour pre.sent.job and
gel all of the qualificotions vou need.
J: You know, maybeyou're right. I'll have to give it sonte
thought.
rate
F: Like w'hat'?
J: I reallyi,-ant to be a teacher, hut I'm not a.vottng girl
anymore, and I'm a.fi'aid lhut it ls ct bit late to be thinking
aboul
business arrangement whereby money
is deposited in and may be withdrawn
an interest-bearing account for
6.c
open an account (see 2 above)

make a deposit (see 4 above)
withdraw cash - take monev out of bank account
ct
69/5
8.4
c.
D.3
E.2
F.6
69/6
Across:
1. ATM 6.purchase 8. overdraft 9. deposit 10.

withdrawal 12.bank Down: 2. mortgage 3. cheque 4. cash
5. interest 7. loan 11. debt
671'l
1.
2.a
3.c
4.b
5. extra headline
4^
Ld
2.b
3.a
4. a,b
u.
68/1
In order: d, c, a, b / f, f
- p. 70
/ b, e.
6.a
7. b
B.a
9.a
. KEY.
217
10.
COMMUNICATION
Oh well, r
73t1
That'd be
That'd be
Great. Tat
11. o
12.
'13.
1A
l-.
15.
wholesale, discount, off the, retail, drop in, official,
competitive, adjustment
16. extra, prize, amount of, pocket
17. salaries
18. amount
19.
.A
much
OWNS
bitl
25. dollar
26. exchange
27.
L.
Does he h
Yes, I thin
Ok, I'llle
Thank yot
Yours faithfully,
Bve.
Gonvers
1.
2.
3,
4.
5.
6.
7.
a
b
a
a
14. a
15. range, exorbitant, of shares, stability, reductions,
group, worth paying
16. hush, order, easy
notes
18.
coins
19.
pieces
Ye.s,
maKe
number
call
language
calls
statement
fooc / nhernpq
rates / bills / charges / calls
10,
rates
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
push buttons for dialling
b1,e
a2nn
cord
Gonversation
mobile
Hello, 276964.
Hello. Can I speak to Maty, please'?
This is Mary speaking.
Hi, Mary. It s David. I wa.s.just ringing to moke sure that
rolling
28. spendrng
29. interest
we're still onfor the cinema tomorrow.

Oh, 1,eah ! I'd completelyfotgotten. I'm sorry, I can I ntake
it tomorrow. I've got a lot of work right now.
0uy
autom
talonh
CD
RI
sound
persol
netwo
netwo
retriel
transfr
1. c
2,f
3,b
4. d
5.a
7611,2
25. money
26. marKet
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
78t3
earpiece
receiver / handset
mouthpiece
rotary telephone - push-button phone

cordless telephone - fax (machine)
218
Good
8.
9.
75t2
tag,
7513
30.
phone. Mr
No, that s
10.
21. dimes
22. cents
23. tove
27.
Hold on,
Mr Smith
77t1
1 lr ninn
dial
20. year
.)A
Bet
I'd lit
7511
6.a
7. b
8.a
9.a
17.
to call me
Bye.
3.a
4.b
'13.
Dear Sirs:
I am writing to enquire about tourist information on your city.
I will be visiting your city in late April. Please send me some
information about the ... transport routes. Any information about
accommodation would also be appreciated.
Guess what? I'm going to be in town sometime in late April.

I don't know anything about the city... in the mail for me. lt
doesn't have to be anything too big,.. tourist map if you have
one. Oh, yeah! lf you know the names... as well. I can't wait to
see youl Love, Pat
p.71
Sure. Cou
Hi Christina,
74t1
Hello.
money
1.
10.
11.
12.
Hold on
btg

a^
Convers
Hello, Ta1
Hello. Co
Patrick McCulley
28. 0eserves
29. vatue
30.
Blte bye.
Johnis in
20. note
21. change
22. spend
lJ.
1. c
2.f
3.d
4.b
5.e
6.a
e does not
7814
mouse - u
allows co
Practice
1.
2.
J.
1
a.
5.
Oh well, maybe we can see it some other time.

That'd be great. Maybe some time nert week, ok?
That'd befine. So I'll call you on Thursday, all right?
Great. Talk to you on Thursday, then. Bye.
Bye bye.
Conversation 2
your city.
ion about
ate April.
or me. lt
you have
r't wait to
10.
11.
b, c
b, c
Hel lo, Thy lor Res idenc e.
4a
tL,
Hello. Could I speak with John, please?
13.
14.
a, b, c
Hold on one second. I'll see if he'.s in. (Pause). I'm sorty,
John s in the shower right now. Can I take a message?
me some
6.c
7. to peek
8. technique
9.a
Sure. Could you just tell him that Jane called and ask him
to call me when he gets out of the shower'/
Does he have yotr number?
Yes, I think he does.
I'll let him know you called.

Thankyou. Bye.
By".
Conversation 3
Hello. Bernstein Bank. May I help you?
Yes, I'd like to .speak to Mr. Smith, plectse.
Hold on, I'll put you right throttgh. (Pause.) I'm sony.
Ok,
Mr Smith is in a meeting right now and canl come to the

phone. May I take a message?
No, that's all right. I'll try again later. Thankyou.
Good bye.
By"-
15. b
16. b, c
17. b,c
18. c
19. a, b, c
20. a
21. stamp
22. civil servant
23. postal reforms
24. knighted
25. labels
26. collect a tax
27. released
28. adhesive postage stamp
29. reigning monarch
30. name ofthe country
1. d
2.b
77l'l
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
B.
9.
1
0.
laptop
CD ROM
?o
4.a
5.c
6.f
7. -educated
8. millions of
9. a,b,c
sound
personal computers
networks
automatic teller machines
telephone lines
networking
retrieval of information
transfer of funds
10.
44
tt.
1. c
2.f
3.b
4.d
O
'19. a, b, c
e does not fit
78t4
mouse - used to move ...; monitor - the screen ...; modem
- allows computers . . .; cursor - used to highlight . .
.
'ure that
n't make
1. a
2.b
3.e
4.d
5.f
b
o
12. b
13. c
14. a,b,c
15. b
16. a
17. a
18. c
78t3
J.
- p. 80
- p. 79
20. b
21. established
22. technical advice
23. postal services
24. postal
25. transportation
26. international mail
27. charges
28. letter mail
29. parcel
30. international money orders
. KEY.
219
TOWN & COUNTRY
huving a bit of'peace ttnd quie!. And v,hen I do v'ttnt to

go ottt, I.lust pop dotyrt to the village pub.for a fev'pint.s
83/3
and u gome ofdarts.

B: Yeuh, it must be intere.sting, having aJbv: pints vt,itlt all
o.f those oltl farnters and the villagers. But I bet et,er.t:one
in lhe lovrn wcrkes up be/ore dau'n, huh?
M: Well, I'nt defnitelv not lhe .first person to move out to
lhe villttge. People huve heen esc'aping Manc'ltestet'.fbr
the c'rsuntr.t'side.for teut'.s. Mo.st ofmv neighbours ure
./rom the c'ity like me. Therels d compLtter progrummet'
ltrolher
who works at honte, a wriler v,ho likes to go v'olking

arotrnd the tov,n all day vi111 his dog and this enonnoLts
v,alking stick, an airline pilol, ond all kincls ofother
pro/bssionuls. I'd sal,the lotyn is about halfold villagers
85t4
1.
2.
3.
4.
arable
dorrolnnod
nrror
vv vv'v||,vv
v vvl
6.
7.
quaint
charm
has gone way up/ doubled in size
facilities
winds its way
83/5
Billy thinks that Mark has got a big house in the country with
a big garden.
He thinks that all the people living in the village are farmers
and get up early.
He imagines that life in the village must be terribly boring with
no nightclubs.
Mark disagrees with Billy.
He thinks his house is a shack on the outskirts of the village.
It needs fixing up.
utttl ltal./'ltt,ople likt ntt'.

B: And hov,does thcrt rt'ork'l Do t,ou all get on v'ell?
M: Lltell, ./br the most purt il v,ot'ks out fne. There ut'e
a./btt o/ the ctld rinters vyho reollv resent people like nte
living there, btrt on the u'hole, people are a whole lctt
./riendlier than in Manchester, I can tell you. If anltthing,

thel"re ct little too friendly.
Most of his neighbours are from the city like him. The old
B: What do yott
villagers are generally quite friendly.

For him life in the village is just right. He enjoys having peace
and quiet.
M: Well, vou know, et'er-t'bodt' knotrs everl,bodv, crncl

therc3 n./air onloLtnt of gossil.t that goes on. Espec'iall.t'
in the village store. You knou', ['ve been makinpi spec'ittl
reqLresls, trsking them to stoc'k t<tfu and some other natural
food,s./or me. So, the other du.t, I w'alked in, and I crskecl
thent if'they had anlt vitantin B-12. W'ell, these tv,o <tlcl
men w,ho had been talking b.t,c'ush register stopped tttlking
ttnd stqred ot me os iJ'I u'cts .fi'om anolher planet. The
ovt'ner, James, he'.s a nice old ltloke, and he ls pretn' nttrc'lt
usetl to it non', so he.jtrst shook his head a bit sadb,. But
those other tw,o, I sv,ear the.t' ntust hat,e lhoughl I vrcrs
the v'eirdest thing on ettrth.
84t3
1. d
2.b
3.c
8314,5
Billy Hey there,
Mark! Hows the lord
the ntanor,
I'm
sicle, clidn 7 you'? I cun.iusl see !'otr, sitting in ,t,rtur v,icker
Yotr v'crnt
c'httir in the back garden as vou v'atch lhe groundsntan

trint the hedgerov's. It must be beautiful, the life of lu.\ u
rv...
M: Oh, itis hardly ull that! It'.s more of a small shack

on the otrtskirt.s o/'u village, reall1,. It needs .sonte.fixing
up, btrt its t:rts-y,, und ['t,e always w,anted to move out oJ
Mttnchester into the counltyside.
B: Btrt hov' do ):olr gel b)' out lhere in the sticks? Don 7 t,otr
miss the cont,enience o./ the citl', )'ou knov', the shopping
centres ancl all that'?
M: Well, it s not exttctl.y out in the ntiddle of nowhere.
We've got our little village shop that stoc'ks.fust about
ever.r,thing .vou reull.t, need, and I do r:omntute into the
t'it1, every tla-r-, so I cto ntost of ntr- heav-v shopping here
afierwork. No, I haye to.say thal I don't mis.s livingin
the citt one bil.
B: Yeah, but it rtru.st be ten'ibly boring! I nrecrn, not manv
night clubs out there, ure there?
M. To tell the truth, I don't mind at all. I clttite enjo.v
220
soc'ieh".s
.,
ot
let him.jt
expecl ot,
hint
nn'se
Most of tl
lhe.t"re dt
li/b, rhat';
1.
)
?
migrr
aunn
nrofe
/ ^^^^,
5. cram
6. rever
7. mise
B. steril,
9. resor
+.
uJrJdl
10
negle
ntean'?
then'!
Mark: Hov'do ,r-ou ntean, Bill1,?

B: Well,l,otr.finul11'bought that mansion in the countrr-
.fitt'thents
84t3
lo death of hearing ubout the homeless prcblent !
lo knotttrhttt the problem is? It's reall-,- east,.
The problem is lhat in our soc'iet.'r', there cu"e.sonte people
vrho.just clon't tant to take responsibiliry*Jbr themselves'.
Go clow'n to the train st(llion, or unywhere dotvnlov'n,.fbr
that matter, and u-hat tlo -you see'/ Lots oJ ctble-bodied
.sic'k
people, who are per/ectly tthle to workJbr a living und

keep their liNe.t together, sitting around begging change
ancl going on aboul hotv httrd their lives are. If lhev u'unted to, the-v could get a job, the papers are.fullof thent.
But thev just don't u'ont to. For u'hatever reesotl, thq"d
rathet'ch"ink their lives au'a.t' in the .street, no muller hou'
.filthv and disgusting that li/b is. Wel/, if thevu,anl to, then
that's,fine with me. But I'm not responsible, no malter
what the bleeding hearls sa.v, and they con't expecl me to
.finant'e their life.sQle./br them. Not v,ith my spere chunge
and not vtith mv tar dollat's.
86/5
Role-pla
to be di:
Mr/
M:
are facin
this issu
figure or
Mr/M:
Waste
underfur
at the
ec0l0grc
to make
and don
they alre
Mr/M:
totally fe
running
mightci
Mr/N
Whitmar
This nev
arso req
categori
Mr/Mr
Greenw
Oh.teah, I've heatdpeople talkingubout howu lot of'thenr

hatte mentol prohlents und reallr need help. Well, sure, I
agree thut those people prohcrbly can't take respon.sibilitt,
the sten,
made th
on it goi
want to
cew
pints
iwith all
.vetyone
ve out to
ester.for
)urs are
irammer
walking
l0rmous
of other
illager.s
uell?
here are
t like me
,hole lot
nything,
themselves and need to be looked after. But that s not

societyb job, that's their family s job. I mean, if I had a
brother or a son that had a mental problem, I sure wouldnT
let him just wander around the streets, and I wouldnT
expect other people to take care of him. I'd take care of
him myself. But these people are really a tiny minority.
Most of the homeless people out there know exactly what
they're doing. Playing on our sympathies to live an easy
liJe, that's what they're doing. And I'm sick of it!
for
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
reversal
ennrohondod
miseries
9.
charged
escape/flee
86/5
pecially
Role-play- Waste disposal (slips

to be distributed in c/ass) j
special
10.
11.
sterile
resources
neglect
of
paperwith roles
'natural
tI
asked
Mr / Ms Whitman: You are the mayor of Crustyville and
two old
are facing an election. You don't really have any position on
Italking
this issue: you just don't want to upset any voters. Try to
net. The
figure out a solution that makes everybody happy.
'ty much
dly. But
ht
was
Mr / Ms Stinkwell: You are the head of the Crustyville

Waste Disposal Centre. You are already understaffed and
underfunded, and it's getting harder every day to keep things
at the dump from falling apart. You aren't really against

ecological waste disposal, but you just don't have the money
roblem!
lly easy.
z people
to make it happen. You don't think the project could work

and don't want to make things at the dump any worse than
they already are.
nselves.
twn,.for
'-bodied
'ing and
change
ey
lran-
they'd
tter how
to, then
, matter
'ct me to
the stench is completely disgusting. You're for anything that
might change the way things get done at the landfill.
Mr Ms Humper: You are sick and tired of Mayor

Whitman and all of the new taxes he / she has imoosed.
This new plan would not only cost more money, but it would
also require you to sort out your rubbish into four different
categories. You think the whole thing is a tenible idea.
'change
Mr / Ms Shrublove:You are the local representative of

Greenwar, a radical environmental organisation. You have
t'
ofthem
l, sure,
called
told
had been kidnapped

gave
told
had used
began
could
had been seen
12. lurking
13, insisted
14. was
15. produced
16. confused
1 7. was not contacted / had not been contacted
18. were ever made / had ever been made
19. was acting / acted
20. thought
21. found
22. were
23. broke
24. confessed
25. had killed / killed
26. made
27. to cover
28. was immediately arrested
29. charged
?n
rrroro drnnnod
31.
32.
33.
was released
portrayed
asked
1,1, nlpd / nloedpd
cf them.
4
You are the owner of the local
8811
cramped
migration
expand
nrofehrinatad
dy, and
:
/ Ms Scrapnest:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8514
1.
2.
Mr
junkyard, and you don't care about environmentalism. What

you do care about is money. You see many people dumping
working refrigerators and stoves at the landfill, and there
is a lot of money in recycling. Offer your help, but don't let
anyone know how much money there is in this. They might
steal your idea and do it themselves!
made this prolect the main focus of Greenwar, and are intent
35. testified
36. had / had had
37. pronounced
38. distinguishing
39. was acquitted
40. sent
41. stayed
42. began
43. serving
44. lives
45. raised / had raised
46. killed / had killed
on it going through. Don't back down on your position.
nsibilin
. KEY.
221
1.
2.i
3.e
A^
$.
5f
10.
J:

1.
:,
p. 91
the Ul/izi
oJ Botice
tickets, b
heard of
sun to gc
murder / murderer
6.
J:
blackmail/blackmailer
rob / robber OR thief
kill / killer
7.
drive drunk / drunk driver

rape / rapist
burglary, burglarise (US) / burglar
10,
mug / mugger
assault / issailant
kidnap / kidnapper
Yeah,
8.
when I v
M: But ii
group wl
gotng to
11. patrol cars
J: Did
4a
lL.
M: No, t
th
aircraft
tJ. fire stations
don't
14. crime
were tea
had prep
knt
tc.
mobile
16.
transmission
wQS, Ana
17.
glazed o
judge
18.
ask "OO
witness stand
19.
barrister
accused / defendant dock
jury
20. a
J: I'm
21.
aa
ZL.
M: They
J: What?
M: Yes.
89/5
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Oh, ht
M: And
89/3
10.
Well,
said that
group ga
t+.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
So wh
M:
J:
6.b
7. y
8j
un
but he in
said he v
25. a
26. b
27. b
28. a
29. b
30. a
89t2
23.
public
a
0
d
1. e
2.h
3.j
4.i
5.c
6.f
7. g
8.b
9.a
p. 90
J:
27.
Italy,
tt.
18.
a4
Lt.
22.
23.
24.
222
consider
M: Everything! Everytthing that could have possibly gone

'nrong did!
J; But you spent so much time planning the tour. I thought
you would have been ready for anything.
M: I thought so too, but I couldn't have been more wrong.
OurJirst stop was Venice, so of course, I thotrght, everyone would like to go take a ride on a gondola. Well, of
course, one of the tourists in my group tried to stand up
in the boat to get a PhotograPh.
J: Oh, no. Dont tell me he.fell into the canal.
M: Yes, he.fell right in. So the gondolier had to hattl him
otrt, and he was perfbctly.fine, yctu know just a little w'et'
. Topic-based
Vocabulary'
be
30.
John; Hi, Mike. How was vour trip to ltab)?

Mike: It was a disaster
J; Oh, no. Why'l What happened'?
That's
ecrt haml
9312
19. b
20. a
could un
28. d
29. 4,0
SIGHTSEEING
10. d
11. retrieval
12. stolen
13. wanted
14. urban
15. direct access
16. missing property
4a
tt
su
They sait
a,D
25. d
26. h
24.
tofight
M: I don
93/3
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
chan
fatigr
dese
stuffl
teen
blenr
confi
flercr
mani
93t4
1. c
2.b
3.d
4.a
but he insisted on going to the hospital immediately. He

said he was worried about the chemicals in the water
J: So what didyou do?
M: Well, I took him to the hospital, of course, ond they
said that he was fine, but in the meantime the rest of my
group got scattered all over Venice.
J: Oh, how awful.
M: And then, in Florence, we were going to drop in on
the U/fizi Gallery, because they had this great exhibition
of Boticelli s works. I had called ahead to arrange the
tickets, but when we got there, they said they had never
heard of me, ond we had to wait for three hours in the
sun to get rn.
J: Yeah, the line to get into the Ulfizi wa.s a nightmare
when
I went there,
too.
M. But it was so hot, and most of
people in the tour

group were pensioners. I was aJraid that someone was
going to get heat stroke or something.
the
J: Did they?
M: No, they were all right. But they were so stupid! I
donl know why any of them even. went to ltaly. They
were really bored with all of the historical background I
had prepared Jbr them. I would explain what something
was, and they wou.ld all stand there and,stare at me with
glazed over eyes, butfive seconds later someone would
ask " OOOHHHH, this is pretty. What i.s it? " . I really had
to fight to keep my temper with them.
J: I'm sure.
M: They didn't even want to eat ltalian food!
J: tr(hat?
M: Yes. They just wanted to eat et hamburger
eat hamburgers?
M: I don't know, John. I'm tellingyou, after that trip, I'm

considering a career change.
bly
gone
thought
?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
B.
charm
fatigue
desensitise
stuffy
teeming
blend
confidence
fiercely
manage
Le
2.d
3.9
4.C
6.f
7. b
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
dating from
rich in
hundred spires
taverns
housing estates
Oban Highland Games
-7,10,13,
Falkland - 8, 9, 11 , 12, 14,

21. made (done)
22. owned (owed)
23. inheritance (heritage)
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
- p. 96
bank
17
'15, 16, 18, 19
,20
sold (bought)
taken (caught)
pad (place)
court (yard)
out (over)
constructed (conducted)
later (latter)
stands.
They said that they wanted to eat somewhere where they

could understand the menult.
J: Thats outrageous! How could anyone go down to
Italy, be surrounded by all of that wonderful food, and
93/3
95/6
- p. 97
Romanesque
Gothic
Baroque
classical
cemetery
ancient core
lsle of Skye - 7 , B, 11, 14, 17 , 18, 19
St. Giles' Cathedral - 9, 10, 12, 13, 15, 16,20
21. weaken (weak)
22. persisted (perceived)
23. maypole (mayrod)
24. pressure (press)
25. peasant (pheasant)
26.
27.
28.
29.
abound (abandon)
customs (usages)
Catholic (Empire)
observance (conservancy)
TRAVEL
lrrong.
t, every)-
Well, oJ
:tand up
wul him
93t4
1. c
2.b
3.d
4.a
99t2
Airport: k, d, c (terminal); b, m (check-in counter); e (security
check);
f (immigration office0; i (booking flight back)

Plane: j, | (flight attendant); a, h (captain); g (attendant after
landing);
ttle wet,
. KEY.
223
M:
11
.filled v,irh pensioners und their Hcmraiian shirts
hut of co
mething we'd both en joy.

M: Well, then, n-hv clon't yott try planning it with me?
We cottld hcrve put our heads together and come up w,ith
Almo.st h
Why couldn 7 we
jttst have.flown to one or two of'the
islantls trnd then spent sonle time really getting to knou:

thenr'?
P: Hone.t, rou know' I don't care about the Greek Islands.

I only agvsecl to go there because 1,ou love them so nnch.
Btrt I've been working so hard, latell;, and vott know how
hard I've heen working. The last thing I v,anted to do w'tts
go hauling a backpac'k around sonte tlirtv little islands,
...
M' They're not dirt1,! The.v"'re very beatrti/trl...

P: OK, OK the1,'re not dirtv, they're heautiful. But all
the same, I.iust wanted to relax! You know relax! As in
sit irt tt chaise longue, get some sun, read a little. And
there s nothing more relttxing than the rolling of the sea.
that u:as
u'agotl s'
tree. It
M:Allright.
only one
Are they
102t2
105/3
no
yeor...
acrr,tss th
P:
overtaking
crnd
plan so-
to
cyclists only; slippery road; give way; roundabout;
alwoys taking photo.s of everything. No thctnkyolt, once

wcts enough.fbr me.
P: Well, lhen, y611 could have gone offon voLtr ottn,
esplotccl the place.
M: I knov', but I didn't v,ant to do it on my ow'n. I v:anted
.yoLt to come with nte. I mean, this wcts strpposed to be
our holitltty together, right? Besicles, I was too buslt being
sea-sick !o go on shore. God, I.felt awfirl.
P: I knov', I'm sorn'. I didn't think vou'd get so.sick.
I meun, the sea isnT usually so rough at this time of
224
cor hits
relaxing my stomach!
no left turn; steep hill; stop

level crossing; no through road; no U{urn; roadworks ahead
strpposetl to do? You're always going on about the Greek

Islands and how beautifirl thelt are ctnd howyou've always
loved them and how,someday y671've got to go back... so,
v'e went to the Greek Lslunds! Great! Bul all you can do
is c:ompluin...
M: Yes, I do love the Greek Islands and yes, they are beautiftrl, but hov, can 1,otr telljttst.from looking at them /rom
tt ship'? I v,ctnted to actuallt, go down onto the islands,
look around, see the people..
P: Then w,hy didnl vou go on any of the tours? We had
plenty o/ time in port, you c'ould have gone v,ith the groutrts
and seen lhe ruins...
M: Oh, God! And listen to that sttrpid lour guide go on
and on trhout hov'smarl he is? I hale lhose tou'groups,
trying to
w'onder"s
I know I wanted it to be a surprise. I'm sorty. Look,

next time, we'll plan it together We'll do it right, OK?
100/3
Paul: Oh, come on. You're not still upset, are you'?
Maty: I don'l v)ont to talk ttbout it.
P: Look, I'm sorn, you didnT like the trip. What am
M.
it did
something...
suites
liner
Yeah,
P: I said I u:as sorry, OK/ I v,as just trying
10.
ot| in the
I've really ntissed it.
100t1
1. cruise
2. sail
3. dock
4. porls
5. guides
6. ruins
. land
B. board
9. cabin
1031'l
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
1
16.
17.
windscreen (GB) / windshield (US)

wing mirror (GB) i side mirror (US)
bonnet (GB) / hood (US)
1.
2.
3.
A
a.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
ls
drunl
doub
parki
t^lt^.
roilvc
defer
pulle
rano
thum
runni
headlight
'10.
pulle
bumper / fender (both)
11
drivir
sightlight; foglight (both)

number plate (GB) / license plate (US)
12. insur
13. clock
14. had I
15. breal
1A cnoa
17. drivir
18. reckl
tyre (GB) / tire (US)

rear lights (GB) / taillights (US)
wheel; hubcap
indicator (GB) / turn signals (US)
rear-view mirror
steering wheel
petrol gauge (GB) / fuel gauge (US)
cnaodnmotor
gearlever (GB) / stick shift (US)
seat belt; safety belt
handbrake
accelerator (GB)/ gas pedal (US)
18.
19.
20. brake
21. clutch
1ost2
Oh, t,eah, I sau' the v,hole thing. I v,as riding nt.v bike
through here, right, and I stoppetl to pick some ofthese
berries here that are grow'ing on the side of'the road,
so I sau, the v,hole thing. OK, so, what happened u'as...
trp therc, v,here the dirt road joins the tarmac, therels
where that tntck there started to pull oul into the street.
I swear, the kid who was driving it looked about twelve.
He obviously doesn't knov, what hels doing, bec:atrse
he s.ittst ptrlling out when he pops the clutch antl, Bang!
stalls the truck. So he s sitting there, u,ith his nose out in
trffic, trving to get the thing startecl again, right, when
that.fancy.sports car over there con?es screaming around
the c'orner You know, it s a pretty sharp bend there, and
yolt c'an't reolly see what s around the bend on ec'counl
of them trces, right? So the.sports cet" comes u'hiplting
arotrncl there and all of a sudden.fintls this trttck sticking
106/1
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
fendt
10.
one-r
11
'no
12.
comr
drive
rush-
buml
road
exha
exit
cong
lt
parki
108t2
1. it
2.0
3. bv
4.0
5. there
6. have
7. 0
8. and
9.0
10.0
. all
11
ilan soith ne?

tup
1,.
n'ith
Look,
oK?
"
otrt in the middle of the street. So the driver of the .sports

cur hits the brakes and tries lo sv'erve out of the wa"-,
btrt of course, he s going too .fast, so he.fish-tails right
ac'ntss the middle of the road into the onc'oming trttlJic.
Almost had a head-on c'ollision with that stcttion v'ogon
that was conting the other v,ay, right, except the station
'w,ugon swervetl o/J, and ended up wrapped qround a
tree. It s er shame, reall!, g611se the station wagonls the
onl1, ctne v'ho really didnT do anvthing wrong, 1,'know?
Are the.v OK?
105/3
i ahead
r0ul; n0
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
B.
10.
11
12.
13.
14.
15.
drunk tank
double-parked
parking ticket
tailgate
defective brakes
pulled over
ran over
thumb a lift
running a few red lights
pulled over by the police
driving licence
insurance
clocked me with a radar gun
had been drinking
breathalyser
'16. speeding / reckless driving
17.
driving under the influence

'18. reckless driving / speeding
106/1
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7,
8.
9.
bumper-to-bumpertraffic
fender-bender
road workers
these
10.
11.
exhaust fumes
exit
congested
one-way
"no left-tunr"
roacl,
12.
parking places
v bike
"
commute
driveway
rush-hour
vas...
here'.s
;treel.
velve.
:'ctuse
iang.'
'tut in
u,hen
ound
, and
'ount
108t2
1. it
2.0
3. by
4,0
5. there
6. have
7. 0
8. and
9.0
tpil1g
10.0
:king
11
all
12.
13.
14.
15.
all
to
don't / no
109
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
airliner
locomotive
Chunnel
vehicle
express
underground
liner
flight
raft
10 still
11 balloon
12 sailing
13 tyre
14 railway
15 black
16 wild
17 subway
1. a
2.b
- p. 110
?n
4.b
5.a
6.b
7. d
8.b
9.c
10. b
11. a
12. all
13. b
14. b
15. a
16. vehicle
17. wheels
18. engineered
19. brake
20. gear
21. people who meet
22.
23.
24.
for a brief but intense moment and then

part, never to see each other again
do what everyone else does
leave
negative information is passed more quickly than positive

information
25.
to try to catch a free ride with strangers by standing on the
26.
27.
28.
side of the road

disappeared
behaving in a disorganized way
foolish people do not understand dangerand therefore do
things that would frighten sensible people
. KEY.
225
29.
30.
go against
trying to say
1. d
2. all
3.b
+.
lYou are a represenhtive of a new environmental
- p. 111
5.b
6. c
7. all
B.c
9. b,c
11.
1a
tL.
13.
14.
15.
that wants to restrict the use of pesticides and fertilisers,

the Earth and Farmers'Party, distributing literature outside
of a grocery store
114t2
e
c
Female
Male
Babv
cow
bull
calf
hen
cock /
rooster
chick(en)
17.
18.
19.
sheep /
engine
ewe
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
chair
getting on my nerves
I'm very confused
follow your instincts OR keep going straight
in the process of
pump
sow
going the wrong way

leave a situation that is bad
challenge someone's optimism
enjoy the process of doing something rather than anticipate
the result
when you travel, you learn new things
very happy
FARMING
boar
piglet
stalhon/
cheese,
mutton, lamb
bacon, ham,
pork, lard
frat /rin c
foal
horsemeat
duck
drake
duckling
eggs. meat
goose
gander
gosling
eggs, meat
she-/
nannysoat
heJbilly-
mare
kid
goat
milk, meat,
sausages, cheese
11511,2
Animal
Verb
barks, growls, yaps,

dog
whines
miaows
/ meows /
mews, purrs
cat
Sound
bow-wow; ruff
woof
miaow
meow /
mew
horse
oink oink
clucks
hens
seep down
contaminate
subsidies
cluck-cluck
crows
rooster
cock-a-doodle-doo
quacks
ducks
quack-quack
ban
brays, hee-haws
donkey
hee-haw
bleats. baas
sheep
baa-aa-aa'. baa. baa
bleats
goat
mee
hedgerows
sustainable
throughout Britain
113
Role-play - Environmenfal lssues (s/tps of paper

with roles to be distributed in c/ass);
11511
a dog barks; bow-wow
a dog yaps
a dog wines
a cat miaows: miaow
a cat purrs
a horse neighs
bok-bok-bok, cluck
sqL
buzzr
Practice
milk,
grunts, squeals
drain
11513
a blackbirr
1^
a.
moo
B.
ducks qur
a donkey
sheep ble
a goat bl'
(chicken) meat,
cow
a rooster
1. d
2.c
cheese, suet
prg
113t2
10.
lamb
Food Products
milk, beef, veal,
moos
barley, oats, corn, wheat
9.
ram
neighs, whinnies
113t1
erosion
topsoil
afly
top gear
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
.
COw* lll(
ptg gru
a pry squ
mouse
'16. steered
29.
30.
a horse u
hens cluc
You are a small farmer who is trying to compete with the
big industrial farms. As if the pressures of running a farm
weren't enough, now there is a new environmental group
that wants to restrict the use of pesiicides and fertilisers.
Without these products, you have no chance of keeping
your farm. You hate the way that environmentalists trumpet
their high causes but give no thought to how their actions
hud people economically.
'10. d,
group
3.a
o
5.c
6. agric
7. hen
8. kid
9. dairy
10. barle
11. viney
12. suga
13. to sh
14. has I
15. are ri
16. fed
17. balar
18. contr
19. are fr
20. milkir
21. ident
22. passr
23. shee
24. houn
25. pig
26. caI
27. dog
28. bitch
29. swinr
30. bull
And Mo
Lb
z.d
3.c
4.c
5.c
6. scyth
7
niaae
B.
hensi
tilisers,
a horse whinnies
a cow moos; mooo
outside
I group
pig grtrnts: oink, oink

a pig squeals
a farm
I group
tilisers.
reeping
sheep bleat
a goat bleats
'17. fertilizer
'18. crops
a blackbird sings; a cricket chirps; a bee hums; a frog croaks; a
mouse squeaks; an owl hoots; a snake hisses; a hawk squawks;

a fly buzzes; a sparrow twitters
ducts
1. d
2.c
3.a
4.a
ret
6.
7.
8.
L
ff;
ao* f-
le-doo
-l
-t
u, baa
- p. 116
19. leaves
20. insects
21. compost
22. organic
23. horse
24. pigs / swine
25. chicken
26. turkey
27. sheep
28. watchdog
29. dogged
30. hog
agriculture
CLIMATE
hen
kid
dairy
118t1
10.
barley, hops
11
vineyard
sugar-beet
to shear
has been adopted
are raised
sunny - cloudy - overcast - rain

thunderstorm - snow - tornado - cyclone
12.
13.
ru
dung
ducks quack
a donkey brays or hee-haw's: he-haw
',1513
l, veal,
orchard
13. heifer
14. straw
15. plant
16. soil
rumpet
actions
11
12.
hens cluck
a rooster crows : cock-a-doodle-doo
vith the
10,
spade, pitchfork
rabies
120t3
1. b
2.e
3.d
4.a
5.c
6.f
7. g
14.
15.
16. fed
17. balanced
18. controlled
'19. are fed
20. milking
21. identified
22. passes
23. sheep
24. hound
25. pig
26. cat
27. dog
120t4
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
28. bitch
29. swine / bitch
30.
1.
z.a
3.c
4.C
6.
12211
bull
scythe
ninonnc
8.
hens/chickens / poultry
under the weather

take a rain check
save some for a rainy day
it never rains, but it pours
as right as rain
come rain or shine
p.117
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7,
8.
9.
had
plaguing
lashed
blew
dumped
ripped
tore
parched
reaching
'10, went along
. KEY.
227
11.
12.
institute
replenish
122t2
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
heatwave
ovenrvhelmed
trl'
enloy sa
surel1,.
Pro/: Fir
ntuch as
and Jour
blistering
reservoirs
tomatoes die. We had a contplicated svstem ofventilation
Pro/': En
rationing
where I worked, to keep the temperatttre within lintits.

What does the planet do'/ A./ier all, t,ou can hardly opsn
a v'indoyy for the v'hole earth!
Prof : You're right about the lemperttture regulation letls
call it the world is thermoslat - it s complicated. Since the
1960s, maw sc:ientists have started to v'orq' that the
world'.s thermostat isn't working properly, or that people
have created conditions that it con 7 dealwith. The1, think
that /he v'orld is getting v'arrnet', ond lhet, call the v,hole
process global w'arming. And just like the tomatoes, life
can only erist betw,een surprisinglv tight lintils.
Jane: So the gtcenhouse e//bc't is no problem, but global
- lookat
drought
flood
drought
avalanche
tornado
landslide
hurricane
1241',|
false
1.
)d
3. false
4. a,d
5. false
6.b
124t1
Phone-in Host: Good evening, and welcome to "Keep
it Sintple", the phone-in.for the people u'ho are sick of
Pro/: Wh-t,gnt4: lomatoes in
a greenhouse, an1'v,a1'?
Host: It wct.\ too cold for them to grou' otttside.
Prof : Right. That ls where the name comes.from. LiJe needs
u'urntth. The gr"eenhouse elJbc't is v'hat keeps our planet
Jane.
Cr
cktn't per
their fau
metres a,
if
the
pla
Pro/:
jobs,
W',
the,
they star
c'hange,
example,
even hur,
e//ects ar
yvith nte?
c'hange,
Prof: As I said, some o/ the gasses that ntake up the

atntosphere act like the glass in a greenhoLts, so,
sttrprisingly enottgh, they're c'alled the greenhouse
gasses. It's generally /elt that c'oncentrations of thent
are getting too high .for natural svslems to deal u'ith.
that go w
tn centra
and
u'henlv'asastudent.
Prof: What was it like?
Host: Bl.. very hot and tmcomfbrtable.
million p
lhe.figur,
on a
Caller; Good evening. Listen, I keep hearing people

tulking about the greenhouse effect as if it u'ere the
end o/ the **orld, and I don't even know what it i.s. Why
"greenhotrse"? Whot's the e/fect'? Whats it got to do
with me qn|v'et,)
Phone-in Host: Good evening Jane. Well, that sctunds like
three qtrestionsJbr the price o/'one. Just to startwith, why
"greenhouse", pt'q/'?
Pro/bssor: I think we'd better ^start at the very begin n ing.
Jttne, have .voLt got a greenhouse?
June: No, KingsJtelds ju.st high-rise.flats and concrcte.
Yotr're luckv tJ ),ou can get something to grcu'in a
windou,-bor, here...
Host: I v,orked in a big, contntercial greenhouse once,
Te
hear.
warming is, right?
For example,
Kingsftelcl * Jane?
Host:
Pro/': Exactlv.
Jane: So, go on, w,hot'r.; v'rong u,ith the thermostat,
v,hatis global w'arming ond, again, v'hat s it got to do
hearing disc'trssions about the ansrrers to questions thev

seem to hcrve ntissed. Wth us in the .sludio i.s Prqfessor
Bluntsworthy, an erperl on pollution and energt,
trtroblems. And our.first caller is Jane Bletheron from
228
Host:
Host: But even a greenhouse needs to c'ontrol it.s

temperature, right? I mean, if il gets too hol, even
flood
'12312
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
warm enotrgh lo live on. Wthout it, liJe could nol exist
on eurth. The atmosphere traps the sun'.s heat, w,ith the
gasses ond vaTtours lhat make up the air ac'ting like the
gla.ss in a greenhouse: they let the heal in, but they don't
let il out again. So, strictlv speoking, lhe greenhouse e//bct
is not a problem, that s busic to all liJb.
all breulhe in
oxt,gen and breathe out

carbon clioxide. Carbon dioxicle is a greenhouse gas,
bul v,e don't httve to stop breathing tet because planls
breathe in carbon dioride and breathe ou1 6$:gsn. But
btrrning.fossil .fuels oil products like petrol and diesel,
v,e
coal ulso generales carbon
Jane:
like
vo!
Yot
som
radio!
Pro/:
Yot
pray and
life,.fron
,franchise
Itsupto
dioxide, ctnd cutling

dow,n .fbrests tukes awa.t, many o/ the trees and plants
that htrve helped to obsorb it in the past. Industrv also
nature
generates nitrous oxides, ntethane and CFC s, crll ofwhich
time. Tha
a cluestro
they don
make the v'orld v'arnter.

Host: CFC'.s - v,hat s that short for'?
Pro/: Chlorofhroroccrrbons. Although they're partial ly
banned in ntost developed countries, developing countt'ies
are
still using
them
in aerosols and refrigeration
sys/ems.
Host: So the pluc'e is gelling warmer, right.

ProJ: Some scientists think so, and that there is a vet))
real danger o/ climate change crnd natural catastrcphes.
Others maintain that glohal weather goes through c.y,cles
naturally, and that thi.s one w'ill come otd go like all
the others be/bre it. Obviottsly, the.figures are dffic'ult
to calcttlate, but a rise of'tw'o degrees centigrade over
the next fiftv v,ears is definitell' possible, and v,hen
international conferences disctt,ss the problem at a high
level, 1,ctu can be sure than someone, someu*here, is
v'orciecl.
'6
ntore ligl
ltost: l{o
week
for
Practice
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
1'1
12.
hurrir
rainf
flood
snow
droul
storn
astol
the
cr
a hail
wet
unde
snow
nt exist
with the
like the
ey
don't
seffict
trol
its
tt, even
tilation
t limits.
lly open
m-lets
'ince the
that the
t people
ey
e
think
whole
oes, ly'e
global
mostat,
iltodo
'up
the
Ho,st: Woryied about two degrees? We would certainly

enjoy some more warm weathe1 but that s not much,
surely.
Prof: First ofall, two degrees is an average. It couldbe as

much as ten degrees at the poles within the next 25 years,
andfour degrees or more in northern Europe.
Ho,st: Ten degrees at the poles would melt a lot of ice,
hear.
Prof: Enough
to
fiood low-lying land all over
the
world
look at the world map and you'll be surprised how many

million people live within a metre oJ'sea level - and that 's
thefigure we're talking about!

Jane: Can I say something? If we all know this, why
don't people get away Jrom the sea? I.f they don\, its
their fault and their problem, surely? We're hundreds of

metres above sea level where I live. Why should I wony
if the place is a bit warmer?
Prof: I4/hen millions of people lose their homes and

jobs, there's bound to be social trouble, even war, when
they start to migrate inland. And if the climate patterns
change, we're looking at damage to lond and properQ
on a vast scale. If a countr)) has no history of, .for
example, very heaty rain and.flooding, or high winds,
even hurricanes, it s simply not readyfor them and their
elfects are exaggerated. An.d a.griculturol patterns would
change, too, with all the economic and social changes
that go with changingJrom,.fbr example, potatoes to rice
'nhouse
oJ them
in central Europe.
Jane: You must be joking! War and hurricanes ! It sottnds
like .something from a mad preocher on late-night
al with.
radio!
ilhe out
$e gas,
Prof: You're right. But
,LIS, SO,
plants
ien. But
I diesel,
'cutting
I plants
try also
lwhich
,artially
mad preachers
pray andpay. There s lots ofways you can live a greener

Itf", -fro* using public transport to boycotting burger
franchises that destroy rain forest to groze beef cattle.
Itls up to you. You donl have to live like some back-tonature '60 sJreak just adjust the life style to sit a little
more lightly on the planet.
Host: Now we're getting into politics and running out of
time. Thankyou, Jane, thankyou, professor. And ifyou've
a question it'.s too late to ask your friends or you think
they donl really know either -.ioin me and the prof next
weekfor another edition of "Keep it Simple".
cuntries
eration
iavery
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
trophes.
h cycles
like all
dfficult
'de over
just want you to
6.
7.
B.
d when
9.
t a high
here, is
10.
11.
12.
hunicanes
rainfall
flooding
snowfall
droughts
- p.125
1? tomnoctrrnrc
14.
15.
frosty
a fog of
16. lightning
17. gale
18. icicle
19. haze / mist / fog
20. snowdrift
21. melt / thaw
22. overcast
23. a,d
24. b
25. a
26. a
27. c
28. d
29. b
30. c
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
- p.126
rain
flooding
thunderstorms
hail
sleet
storms
sunny
thundered
winds of
10. hazy
11. whirlwind
12. the mists of
'13. avalanche
'14. stormed
15. foggiest
16.
17.
clouded
breeze
drizzle
18.
19. lightning
)i
rrnnrodietrhlo
21, sultry
22. scorcher
23. b
24. d
25. d
26. a
27. a,b
28. a
29. c
30. b
storms
astormof/ahailof
the calm before the storm
a hail of / a storm of
wet
under a cloud
snowed under
. KEY.
229
NATURE
H: Hov'
wild
M:
Well,
be a dog
12712 (Please, feel free to correct this information
tctnl
if it is wrong.)
transport
.for
animal.
animals
been av,
ven) wtll
to.fbel ct
d Christ
presents
it ls probc
;wildi
r oolnesilc
, ..
yes
yes
transDon
'
130t1
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
kangaroo rats
horned lizard
yes
deer
lo_
bighorn sheep yes
I
srizzlv
bald
l-;r.u
[
bear yes
i
eagle
*"lf
no_
yes
wild turkey
12814
groups
pride
.uu
@f
herd
prgs
9T1Y!t9_
herbivore
horses
flock
ducks
ab"rd
Jqc&r
duckling
herbivore
eaglet
.-"luo.il
sca
spiders
k
snakes
solitary
vultures
gro!!!
hyenas
groups
H:
Yes, i
ntust rea
offshore
source
streams
white water rapids
mouth
rcub
babv
rDreoator
i
SNAKC
c
e
a
b
d
h
i
f
g
chick
scavenger
predator /
scavenger
128t5
ANIMAL
wilo/
mussels
shrimps
edible crabs
carp
salmon
trout
cockles/clams
the
Well,
better tht
M:
i.s
Well,
going
0 pupp)),
with it al
pt
kind of.fc
see the
H; And
tt
H: You'r,
M: Well,
because.,
./br
You
temperat
man"v pe(
pet end t
thought.
H:
mackerel
M: Well,,
I mean st
H: Well, t
135/3
Host: I(ell, Christmas time
is coming, ttnd manv.families

across the coLtntrv are busily looking./br a gift.for their
loved ones and especially .for their children. And vthat
c'ottld be better thcrn a !2et, o cute,.furcy playmate waiting
under the tree on Christmas morning, right? Well, not
alw'avs. Tbday we hctve in the stttdio Dn Mark Preskett,
a veterinarian, u,ho is going to tell us a little bit aboltl
the dangers of giving a pet as a Christnta.s gift.
Mark: Hello.
H: So tell us, whttt
So wh
Ikll, Dr.
lhe show.
M:
1
Thant
36/1
Left: petal
flower pot
136t2
primr0se;
v)rong with giving a pet os a Cft?

M: Well, it s not that giving a pet as a gi./i is v'rong, it s
just lhe v'q) tllat nlany people do it that sometimes causes
trotrble.
H:
crayfish
Host: Hello, Mark.
230
*-hc
or somet,
days unt,
M: Eract
flock/pack
M: Il cer
dren
bring
130t2
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
.r,our hou
current
range of hills
12. meadows
'13. caves and caverns
14. stalactites / stalagmites
15. stalagmites / stalactites
16. reservoir
17. creek
18. forests
yes
l;"t"a- -_l
--l
beaches
low tide
turns
10.
11.
rattlesnakes
cliffs
lily; narcis
i.s
137t3
Left: leaf
bough
H: How so?
137t5
M:
Well, the first day you bring home a pet, whether it

be a dog or a cat or even a conary, is extremely important for the relationship you are going to have with the
animal. You have to remember that most of the times the
animals are very young, and it is the.first time they have
been away from their mothers, so of course they are
very vnlnerable and need to be taken care of and made
tofeel comfortable in their new home. And if you think
of Christmas morning, with all of the excitement and the
A. pine cone
B. oak leaf
C. (horse) chestnut leaf with a conker / chestnut
D. three acorns
E. beech leaf
F. rowan berries
G. beech nut / mast
H. pussy willow / catkins
presents and all of the family gathered round the tree,

it s probably the worst time to bring a young animal into
your household.
H: Yes, if you see it from the animal'.s point of view, it
must really look quite mad.
M: It certainly does. So, a good idea is to tell your children what their present is, maybe by putting a dog collar
or something like that under the tree, and thenwait afew
days until things have settled down before you actually
bring the animal home.
H: Well, that makes sense. And tell me, are certain pets
better than others as gifts?
M: Well, the animal you choose should.fit the personwho
is going to look after it. Many times people bring home
a puppy, and atfirst the children are oll excited and play
with it all the time, but then school starts again and they
see the puppy needs to be looked a.fter and the puppy gets
kind ofJorgotten...
H: And the parents end up looking after it.

M: Eractly.
H: You're pretty much better ol.f buyingfish, then.
M: Well, actually, it's interesting you should soy that
because fish are some of the most dfficult pets to core
/or. You have to keep thefsh tank clean and at a proper
temperature, which can sometimes be rather triclqt. So
many people who buyfish cts a kind of low-maintenance
pet end up Jinding out that it s much harder than they
thought.
H:
families
br their
td what
waiting
lell, not
'reskett,
tt abotrt
So what kinds of animals are the easiest to care Jbr?
M: Well, generally caged animals are the easiest. By this

I mean something like hamsters, birds, or even turtles.
H: Well, now, that's definitely an original Christmas gift.
Well,
Dr
Preskett, thank you very much.for coming on
the show.
M: Thankyou.
Left: petal, leaf; Right: stalk, bloom / flower, bud, roots (in the
flower pot)
136t2
cft?
mg, it s
i
couses
- p. 138
oh
10. b
11. heather
12. forgetme-not
13. thyme
14. cornflower
15. dandelion
16. ferret
17. rat
18. fox
19. bear
20. ape
21. cone
22. masi
23" acorns
24. conkers
25. cone
26. berries
27. c
28. d
29. a
30. b
1. a
2.b
- p. 139
1n
136t1
primrose; lily of the valley; daisy; hyacinth; crocus; iris; pansy;

lily; narcissus; chrysanthemum; daffodil; tulip
a
1. c
2.d
3.a
4. a,b
5.c
6.c
7. c
8.d
4. b
5.d
6.a
7. d
8.c
9.b
10.
11
cowberry/cranberry
water lily
poppy
137 t3
12.
Left: leaf and blossom, branch, bark, trunk; Right: crown, twig,
13.
14. daisy
bough
. KEY.
231
15.
14211
daffodil
16. mouse
17. wolf
18. squirreling
19. monkey
20. hares
)1 cnrrrnp ninp fir
22. larch, lime, hornbeam, birch, beech, oak, maple,
horse
chestnut, elm, rowan, willow, ash

c
23.
24. f
25. g
26. h
27. b
28. e
29. a
30. d
EVERYDAY PHRASES
1.
L.
p. 140
3.
4.e
1
5h
6.c
7. f
8.9
9.h
10.
11.
12.
k
i
THE HUMAN BODY

14'l12
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
143t6
Police Officer: All right, now, Ms Begbie, I know this
unblemished
bulging
glistening
obesity
fitter
concepts
mohawk
tomboy
is
di/ficult./'or you, but v,e need yotr to give a description of'

your assailant for the polic:e artist so that we can make a
sketch of him. Do you think ltott cqn do that for us?
Ms Begbie: Ye.s, I think so. I got a good look at him. God,
I don't think I could ever.forget his./'ace.
P: All right then, let'.s start with the.face. Wa.s it a round
face or an oval one?
B: Oh, it was round, definiteh' round. He was a verv.fat
man, and he had a double chin and, I think, yes, with a
big cleJi.
P: Ok, a cleft chin. Like this? Good. lt/ow, letls do the e.ves.
What kind of eltes did he have'?
B: Well, the-v were big round ey,es. No, not quite that
round, a little bit more sqlrate than that... Yes, good,
now yoLt've got it. They were big and brown, and he
hacl big htrshy eyebrows that ki.nd oJ came together Yes,
perfect.
P: Right, and what ttbout the nose? Was it a slraight nose?

B: No, no, he had a big.flat nose, kind of like a drinker's
nose, you know, all veined and red. And it was a little bit
crooked, as ifit had been broken and never set right.
P: Right, like this'/ Good. And the lips? Were they./ull
'10. host
141t3
Phrases from the text: long legs, firm thighs, flat stomach,
huge breasts, tanned skin, god-like man, muscular man,
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
F: Oh, it
grows oLt
S: Its au
perm. I h,
always g
But she c
are too s
like I hat
F:
Well,
John's nt
S.'No, w,
F:Well,1
hair?
We
he hod ta
rrollnur
144t1
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
'14.
bladr
ankl(
arm,
lung
kidnt
tend,
heac
ankl(
knee
ham
toe
musr
hear
neck
14st5
A
1.
L.
'|'4213
picture:
12.
13.
tooth linc
straight nose, a pockmarked face, a birthmark under
3rd picture:
scars,
bad now
he /trst g
way to m
11
moustache, ihick arched eyebrows, round face, straight nose;

NOTE: None of them has slanted eves.
She btrtct
10.
chapped lips; teeth

rosy cheeks; chin
low forehead; hair
dimoled chin: nose
slanted eyes; face
receding hairline; eyebrows
short hair; forehead
lank hair; cheeks
the right eye, thin lips, beard, double chin;
232
I went to
was too
Yes, and very chapped and cracked, as iflte had been

outside in the cold a long time. And he had a moustache
as well. Yes, exoctly like that.
P: And did he have anv distingtrishing.features, like a
scqr or a birthmark'?
B: No, but he did have rather bad acne. His face u'as
covered in pimples.
P: Allright, let's have a look at the hair then. How long
was it?
B: Oh, it was about .shoulder-length, parted in the middle, and very wavy. It w,as dark brov,n, but streaked with
grey. Right. Oh m1t god! That s him! That s the man who
took my purse!
round eyes, flat crooked nose, thick bushy

eyebrows, a birthmark on one cheek, dimpled chin; 2nd
'14211
Why?
S: IVhat't
lips ?
1st picture:
It is the fourth man from the left.
F:
B:
sculpted chest, wide shoulders, slim nation, pierced lips, stocky
masculine build, short hair, double chin
Sue: Dor
could jus
length, w
the busir,
way olf.
'|'4212
balding
Friend: t
3.9
4. c
5j
6.h
7. e
8.d
9. I
make a
143t6
Friend: Hi, Sue. Nice hat. Is it new?
Sue: Don't even talk about m1t hat! God, I am so mad
could just scream!
c?
F:
t this is
ilion of
n. God,
t round
,tery.fat
with a
Ie eves.
ite that
, good,
and he
er. Yes,
'nose?
"inker'.s
'ittle bit
ight.
hey
./ull
d been
astache
10.
Why? I4/hat s the matter?

S: I4that's the matter? Just look! (Sue takes olf her hat.)
I went to the hairdresser's today and lookwhat she did!
She butchered me!
F: Oh, it s not really that bad... I mean, maybe when it
grows out it'11...

S: It's awful! God! All I asked herfor was a trim and a
perm. I had a lot of split ends, and I wa.s tired oJ myJiinge
always getting in my eyes, so I wanted it a little shorter
But she chopped my.fringe completely o./f, and the 'sides
are too short too. And this perm is so curly that I look
like I have an afro! Itis terrible!
F: I[ell, you know, it could he worse. Have you seen
John s new haircut?
S: No, why?
F: Well, you know how John used to have sttch lovely long
hair? Well, he got a new job in an insurance company so
he had to cut it o/f. He wanted itittst to be a nice, normal
length, with a parting on the side and all that. You know,
the businessman look. Ilell, the harber shaved it all the
way o.Lf. By the time he realised what was happening, it
was too late, so he had to get a crew cut. It doesnl look so
bad now that he's grown a moustache and beard, butwhen
he frst got it he looked like a skinhead! Not exactly the
B
1a
2.a
3.9
4.d
5j
6.f
7. c
8.b
9.h
10.
1.
2.c
3.b
4.)
5.h
6.d
7. t
B.g
i
Oa
10.
'11
hair
12. mouth
13. forehead
14. knees
'15. spine
, like a
way to make a goodfirst impression at your new job.
tce was
144t1
'17. belly
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
bladder, ear, stomach, Iung
18.
ankle, wrist
arm, shin
lung, kidney
19. hands
20. figure
21. b
22. d
23. a
24. d
25. c
26. a
27. a
28. d
29. c
30. a
16.
w long
he
mid-
edwith
an who
10.
'11
kidney, gall
tendon, hamstring, muscle

head, tooth, ear, stomach
ankle, toe, leg, arm, wrist, finger, nose, tooth, neck
knee, ankle, wrist, finger, collarbone
hamstring, tendon, ligament
toe
12. muscle,leg,
13. heart
14. neck
arm
legs
thighs

145t5
A
1.
2.a
3.9
k bushy
n; 2nd
rK
unoer
4.c
1. f
2.c
3.e
4. b
5j
6.i
6i
I.
6.h
B.g
7a
qd
nt nose;
8.d
'10.
11
- p.147
3: SCarS,
0f
- p. 146
liver
. KEY.
233
tz. kidneys
heart
F:
4A
S: Yeah, maybe you're right.
Well, I think you shottld just go lo your doc:tor. A fever

is nothing to take lightly, you know!
13.
extremities
-*e
are
other
ir
genera
15. mouth
150t1
16. belly
1-l
tt - tonsils
wheelchair; walking aids: walking stick, crutch, forked stick;

special bathroom and toilet facilities: grab-handle, handrail;
00ne
linc
18.
19.
especra
Zimmer frame lwalking frame.
personi
20. finnprc
21.
all kind
151t4
f,b,d,a,e,c
22.
c
l+.
152t1
25.
Nasal drops
can be used when you have a bad cold and

it is difficult for you to blow your nose because it's blocked.
zo.
Some people prefer "natural" remedies for the same purpose

- sucking mineral water or salt water; Eye drops can be
used if you suffer from an eye infection or if you have worked
0,0
27.
28. b
29.
30.
somewhere where there was a lot of dust. You can use
camomile instead; penicillin and other antibiotics should only

be used when prescribed and dosed by a doctor. You should
always follow your doctor's instructions carefully. Various
other medicines can help you feel better - if you suffer
HEALTH
148t1
f.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
1.J.D.E
Homely
23.
Sedatives / tranquillisers
Sleeping pills help you induce sleep.
154t1
broken b
stomach
15413
Childrer
whoopinl
Affected
fever
tract, mu
influenza / flu / infected throat
from pain, you take painkillers.
tuberculc
sore throat, hacking cough, headache, sore muscles
should help you relax.
food pois
about four days

aspirin, cough syrup, throat lozenges
not yet
she thinks the doctor will oive her aniibiotrcs and she hates
them
Homeopathic medicine may be a solution for
creams
relieve aching joints. Sunscreens

protect skin from sunburn and skin cancer.
14811,2
some,
others will prefer various herbs or acupuncture, hypnosis or

other alternatives; Vitamins can also come in the form of
pills or capsules or tablets. Ointments are welcome help
when you have various dermatological problems. Camphor
/ creams
throat
diarrhoei
allergy
stoma(
NOTE:lr
children'r
others (e
Friend: FIi, Samantha, how s it going?

Samuntha: Oh, not so good.
153t4
F:
Suggesfed follow-up activity: Here are the four

endings of the four paragraphs. Distribute the
photocopied s/rps rn c/ass and as k students to match
the speeches to the participants.
Yeah,
w-ronT
yott look a bit under the weather. What's
S: Oh. I think I've got the fht. My throat i.s so sore, ond l
have this hac'king cough that just v)on't go uwtr.v. Evet,t
morning I u'ake up u'ith this terrible heudttche and my
ntuscles dte sot? allover. I.feel like I coultl just die!
F: Yeah, there has been a.fltt bug going around lately.
Jane'.s been honte sick with it.for the lust.few da1,5, on4
I just hope she doesnT give it to me. I've gol too mttch
work right now to get sick.
S: Tell me about it! I'cl love to.jtrst take a.feu' dat,s olf and
recover./rom this, but I can7. My boss is a real slave-driver. I don't think she'd let me have a sic'k da.t' if l came to
v'ork in a come. Besides, I don't want to go to the doctor
He'cl .iusl give me antibiotics, and I hate antibiotics.
F: Well, vou should at least go dou,n to the chemist ls and
get yotrrselJ some medicine.
S: I have. I've been taking aspirin and cough syrttp, and
I go through a bag ofthroat lozenges a da1t, but nothing
seems to help. Now I think I'm getling a.fever
F: Yeah, volt are a little bit hot. How long has this been
going on !
S: Abottt /bur day's nov'. It.just keeps getting worse, too.
234
1 ... by sanctioning the use of drugs you invite more young

people to experiment with drugs until they try more powerful
154t4
I
first star
ano I wa
home fro
further.
They opr
at home
the ice cr
stuff and get hooked. He thinks that Dutch figures show that
very clearly.
2 ... soft drugs might be sold under the same conditions as
crgarettes and alcohol. He said no research has ever proved
grass is more addictive than alcohol and there are no or few

restrictions on its sale. He stressed tobacco and alcohol
industries have a big share in the national economy.
155t1
a.
b.
c.
d.
won
kno'
the
mar
prer
c0n'
trim
3 ... legalizing the possessions of drugs. He thinks it evident
labc
from Dutch experience that war on drugs has failed. The

remedy to drug abuse is to be sought outside the penal
foet
system, in schools and in families. Above all, drugs are a

social, not a criminal problem. Criminalising the victims is
Practic
going to lead to more alienation, which is behind drug abuse.
More than anything else, it would show how powerless
1.
2. b,a
3.b
b
'
y'
fever
we are in the face of the breakdown of the family and

other institutions responsible for upbringing of the future
0eneration.
4... the
r.rrug.
bverythr@
ed stick;
we are sending out to the kids could be very damaging,
handrail;
especially at an age when they haven't yet developed their

personalities and are thus more insecure and susceptible to
all kinds of bad influence, such as alcohol and tobacco.

'1.
J. D. Buckley 2. Martin Blank 3. Capt. John Stewalt 4. Janet
Homely
4.b
J.
6.b
7. a
8.b
9.a
10. b
11. b
12. a
13. unhealthy
14. ills
15. sick / ailing
16. infectious / contagious
cold and
154t1
'17. symptoms
blocked.
broken bone / limb / fracture; food poisoning, salmonella, upset
purp0se
stomach; diabetes; malignant tumour / cancer
) worKeo
154t3
18. pain
19. crippling
20. paralysed
21.
can use
Children's diseases: scarlet fever, mumps, chickenpox,
aa
LL.
)uld only
whooping cough, polio, measles
23.
u should
'arious
Affected parts of the body: constipation - bowels; scarlet

fever - throat, skin; pneumonia lungs; flu - respiratory
lu suffer
tract, muscles; mumps
illisers
tuberculosis
"a cloon
food poisoning
)r some,
'
UdII
UU
salivary glands; cholera
lungs; appendicitis
appendix; headache
stomach; chickenpox
throat and lungs; typhoid
intestines;
head;
skin; whooping cough
intestines; throat infection
throat;
24j
25. h
26. e
27. d
28. f
29. c
30. b
me nerp
diarrhoea
intestines; polio * limbs; indigestion - stomach;
allergy - various parts; measles - skin; hepatitis - liver; ulcer
- stomach, duodenum
mphor
NOTE: In the Czech Republic, you get vaccinated against allthe
1^
LO
reams
children's diseases mentioned above; vaccination against some
z,d
rnosiS
or
form of
others (e.9. flu, hepatitis, tuberculosis) is also administered.
tte the
r
match
further. We went to the doctor, and he said that I had tonsillitis.
They operated on me the next day, and I spent the next week
at home recovering. lt wasn't all bad, though - | got to eat all
the ice cream I wanted for the whole week!
10.
11.
12.
VOUNq
lwerfu'i
first started feeling sick at school one day. My throat felt sore
and I was having trouble swallowing. My mother let me stay
I
home from school for a few days, but my throat swelled up even
lw that
15511
a.
ONS AS
pr0ve0
OT TEW
llcohol
b.
c.
d.
,*-l
d. The
penal
..''""
IIMS
IS
a0use.
rerlell
women have strange cravings: pickles being the most well

known
the beginning of pregnancy is the most crucial time

many hours
premature baby - a baby born early
contractions - tightening ...
trimester - a siage of pregnancy
labour - the series of contractions...
foetus - a developing baby
1.
a
L.
h^
U.d
3.b
p. 156
- p. 157
?h
4.b
5.b
6.b
7. a
8.b
9.a
1s4t4
te four
And More Practice ...
a
b
b
13. bruised
14. healthy
15. fatal
16. deadly
17. painful
18. cancer/ disease / epidemic
19. headache
20. jaundiced
21. d
22. c
23. b
at
za,
25. c
26.
27. f
i
28j
. KEY.
235
29.
30.
SPORT
1s8t2
1. sprint / dash
2. hurdles
3. pole vault
4. long jump, triple jump
5. javelin
6. (competitive)walking
7. weightlifting
8. boxing
9. judo, ju-jitsu
10.
11.
skateboa
'16212
1. lodge
2. skiing holiday
3. rack
4. hard-packed
5. downhill
6. slope
7. tift
B. ticket
9. snowplough
10.
11.
12.
dartboar
swimnrir
cricket, t
snowmo
surfboarr
aqualunS
golf
NOTE:'
sports: g
goggles,
skis
poles
broom
cross-country
saddle,
flns, gog
163t1
164t3
Role pl
12
wrestling
karate
fencing
13.
shooting
Because he'd put on a lot of weight.

Lifting weights.
No. He was afraid his new muscles would turn to flab if he
stopped exercising.
14.
archery
downhill skiing
sledging / sledding / luge
climbing / mountaineering
swimming
windsurfing / sailboarding
water-skiing
163t1
Part A
IJirst started exercising in college, becau.se I'd put on a
lot of weight and just wa,sn't .feeling good about mvself.
At first I was only concerned with how I looked, so I
storted lifting weights. I went to the gym three times a
skating
the pair
Jason, r
week, and I saw results almosl immediately. M1,./at star-
suffer fr(
ted tttrning into muscles, and if anl,thing, I got bigger.

But, even though I looked better, and I was definitely
stronger, I still didn't.feel much healthier. I was building
your per
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21. rowing
22. sailing
23. ice-skating
24. icehockey
25. football / soccer
26. rugby
27. basketball
28. baseball
29. tennis, badminton,
30. golf
with
father
'
Julie:\
know thr
neglect
y0urseI
up these large ma.sses of muscle, and I was aJraid that

iJ'I stopped exercising, the.v would all turn to flab and
would be in worse shape thon I was before I started. It
was also realll: boring,.jusl lifiing those v,eights up and
down over and over again. So I decided that I needed to
get some different kinds ofexercise.
squash
rot
combini
Jason
Julie wc
the 0lyr
you uno
more trr
16112
163t2
Julie'
LA
Part B
So I gave up weight training, and decided to get more
aerobic exerci.se, but I couldn't decide which kind to
take up. I know that su,imming is strpposed to be the best
aerobic exercise, bttt I'm nol ct verry good swimmer. I can
barell, do the breast stroke. So thatwas out. And aerobics,
being a woman s sport and all, u,as definitely out. In the
end I decided on cvcling and squash. I bike to work every
day, and my girlfriend ond I go out on bnger trips on the
weekend when the w,eather s nice. And I have some./i'iends
who I play squash with on Thursday nights, so that w'orks
oltt my upper body ond lets me release some tension a,s
well. On the whole, I'd say I'm pretty.fit.
comper
L,
tr
3.c
4.d
5.b
161/3
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
was modelled on
emphasis
pagan
clashed with
foster
broadcast
enhancing
steroids
have been stripped of
boycotted
The Surnmer Otympic Games will be held in London in 2012

(http ://www. london20 1 2.com/)
236
She sta
of the s
at coml
[rg0r0$
I Jrri"',
0ec0m(
Games
in
th11
Julie'r
You bel
Olympir
163
tennis racquet / racket * tennis; jogging shoes
roller skates / blades
running:
roller skating; sledge / sled
sledding; parachute - jumping; saddle - riding; Frisbee

throwing; pool stick pool; squash racquet - squash;
start tra
skateboard skateboarding;walkingshoes walking;

dartboard darts; fishing rod - fishing / angling;
swimmingcostume swimming; bat-baseball, softball,
cricket, table-tennis / ping-pong; snowmobile - riding a
snowmobile; wet suit diving; water skis - water skiing;
surfboard surfing;mallet-croquet,poio;raft rafting;
aqualung diving; crampons - mountaineering; caddy
- golf
NOTE: The pictures depict some more equipment and
'ut on a
164t3
any longer. You feel very strongly, that she should give up
figure skating and be more of a "normal" teenager.
- professional sports (slips of paper

with roles to be distributed in class). Posslb/e
165
1. golf
2. cricket
3. bowls
4. bowling
5. skittles
6. rugby
7. American football
Julie:Your dream
is to compete in the Olympic Games. You
know that this, however, can't be achieved without costs. You
at star-
suffer from some emotional problems - you worry a lot about

your pedormance, you can't live like a "normal" teenager, you
hiooer
'finitely
neglect your boyfriend. You don't know whether to commit

yourself to a rigorous programme or not.
uilding
id that
bandl
Jason:
It
You
are.trti.'r noytri.nOlo,
n.t,.*
;;ly tf"f
Julie won't train rigorously enough to become a member of
and
the Olympic team. You don't want to tell her openly because
zded to
you understand her ambition, but you would Iike her to spend
up
more time with vou.
tt more
Julie's mother: You would like Julie to give up

j competitive skating. You are worried about your daughter.
j She starves herself to retain the lithe figure prized by judges
'cind to
of the sport. She spends most of her time at the ice rink or
he best
at comoetitions. And now she wants to enter even more
r.
I can
robics,
In the
k every
on the
friends
rigorous training programme.
QS
Julie's father:You
support Julie a lot in her ambition to

become a member of the team competing at the Olympic
Games. You have already invested a lot of time and money
in this dream and vou believe it will come true.
Julie's trainer:
You've been Julie's trainer for 3 years.
You believe strongly that she has what it takes to make the
Olympic team, but she should forget about her boyfriend and
start training more rigorously than ever before.
Lnning;
sled
jrisbee
quash;
166t2
throw-in - football and other ball games, ice-hockey; serve
- tennis and any other nefsport; shoot - football, any goal
sport; basket - basketball; cleats - football, rugby, any
team sport on a pitch, athletics; corner kick - football;
travel - basketball; baseline - tennis, any racquet sport;
slam - any racquet sport; forehand - tennis, any racquet
sport; net - fishing, polo, football, basketball, volleyball, some
racquet sporl; defence x offence - any team sport with
goals / targets, e.g. football, ice-hockey; umpire - tennis,
American football, volleyball, field hockey, cricket, baseball,
badminton;
goalie -
backhand
table tennis, any racquet sport;
football, hockey, any sport with goals
1.
- p. 167
.A
L.U
lworlu
llon
is gruelling. lt leaves her very little time for studying, let alone
socializing. She doesn't go to the movies or dancing with you
father + Julie's sponsol Julie + Jason, Julie's

skating friend + Julie's schoolfriend. After a while,
the pairs may be exchanged, e.g. Julie's mother +
Jason, etc.
School friend: You are Julie's school friend. The two of

you have always been quite close. You think Julie's schedule
combinationsi Julie's mother + Julie's trainer, Julie's
rtmes a
rted.
Sponsor: You are a representative of a large company

that produces skating boots. Your company is prepared to
fund Julie's new training programme for two years if she
appears in a commercial for their product.
myself.
'd, so
competition. You believe that she will make it into the Olympic
team. You yourself would sacrifice anything for this goal.
sporls: golfclubs, cross-country boots, safety bindings,

goggles, hiking boots, pin balls (ten-pin bowling), stone,
broom (curling), landing net, reel (fishing / angling),
saddle, stirrups, whip, riding boots (riding), flippers /
fins, goggles / face mask, snorkel (diving)
Role play
ab if he
Skating friend:You are Julie's skating friend. You know

Julie as a talented and hardworking skater, who has won
several national youth competitions and one international
3.b
4.C
5.f
6.a
7. e
8. pitch / field
9. field
10.
11.
course
pool
12. rink
13. court
14. courl
15. rink
. KEY.
237
16.
17.
18.
19.
Home
trump card
keeps his cards close to his chest
gamble
gambled
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
20. skating on thin ice

21. plain sailing
22. unsporting
23. key player
24. moving the goalposts
25. ranked as favourite
26. stakes
27. in the running
28. out of the running
29. make all the running
30. the odds are
1"
9.
10.
11.
p. 168
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
ring
rink
table
racquet
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
out
off
after
p. 169
up, down
in
4.
5.
6.
7.
8,
f.
in
of
up
in
out
out
up
10.
tablo
urge
nenr
vvvv
exce
intrur
circu
sue
relial
inver
anor
in
171t3
out, io
ends
Contents
up
previews,
on
off
off
out
up
to
to
on
round
of
to
off
on
in
on
tn
internatior
news; TV
ann0unc
column;
weafier;
advertiser
171t4
Andrew:
Gary'I4
A: But it
news is s
some sex
of seriou
G: It's nt
A: Oh, c
news se(
written
G: All rii
on
care less
out
newspap
Farming
back. Sp
while
this pape
L
2.
3.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
up
in
of
170t2
on
up
everythir
for
and the
Climate
on
in
MEDII
L
2.
Travel
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
to
out
Sightseeing
1.
2.
3.
f.
2.
out
on
Town & Country
12.
13. hoop
14. shoes
15. wrestler
16. neck and neck
17. outsider
18. at stake
19. against all odds
20. firsfpasfthe-post
21. touch base
22. own goal
23. play his game
)A nnnd cnnrt
25. play fair
26. marathon
27. pul/ lay your cards on the table
28. pawn
29. game was up
30. baiting
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
on
Work & Leisure
shoes / track
Family
Health
Clothes
2.e
3.a
4. d
5.f
6.b
7. g
B.
in
Shopping
1.
2.
3.
4.
Hur
1.
2.
3.
Food
1.
2.
3.
4.
The
through
out
off
for
to
from
up
out
Besides,
cartoons
A: Yor,t ct
strip!
G:
Well,
example
238
page $ l
out
A: Well, I know...
G: That's the most mainstream,
to
London! At least
in
just takes whcttever the Home Office says and prints it

like gospel. They couldnl find a real story if it came up
The Human Body
1.
2.
3.
Health
1.
2.
170t2
1 t:hlnid nrpcc
10.
paper
com.mercial paper in
says something. That paper
and hit them in thefac..

A: I know, I know! I really donl like it either. But mywife
insisted that we subscribe to it. She likes the women s
pages. You know, the lifestyle and fashion section and
things like that. But it does have a decent business section.
Almost as good as your rcrcing page.
G: And the crossword puzzle in it is quite good.
A: Yes, especially the Sunday one. It takes me all Sunday
morning to finish it.
in
of
MEDIA
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
f.
m))
urgency
paparazzi
G: Yeah, but, Andrew...
excess
intrusion
A: Yes?
G: [4/hot about the news?
A: Oh, that. Well, I get that from television.
circulation
sue
reliable sources
investigative reporting
171t5
anonymous
attacks
backs
ban
bid
announcements; obituaries; sport; lifestyle and fashion; advice

column; crosswords; health; law reports; letters to the editor;
weather; gossip column; comic strips; horoscopes; classified
advertisements
criticises
supports
prohibit
- attempt
cuts - reductions
17',|13
Contents of a typical newspaper: front page; local news;

international news; business and financial news; arts reviews,
previews, and people
rncluding book, movie, and theatre
news; TV and radio guide; birth, maniage, and engagement
n^^t
^^,^^m^h+
{l^ L+^
ilgilr.J - UPPUDUJ
looms
Andrew: Gaty! I canl believe you read that trash!

Gary: What? I like this newspaper.
o.f the gutter press ! All oJ the home
news is sensationalised trash about the Royal Family or
some sex scandal in the government. Thereb not a scrap
A: But it's the worst
of serious news in that whole paper!

G: Itis not that bad.
A: Oh, come on! It doesnt even have an international
news section, and the editorials seem as iJ they were
written by the page three girls.
G: All right. All right. But, you know, Andrew, I couldn't
care less about the Royal Family. Look, when I read o
newspaper, I donl start on the front page. I start at the
back. Sports, mate, thatig what I wanna hear about. And
this paper has the best sports round-up in England. It s got
everything onfooty, the bestfull coverage oJ the games,
and the inside stories about each team. And the rocing
page is spot on, mayte! Best racing page in England!

Besides, if you want politics, take a look at the political
cartoons in the.funnies.
A: You canT form your political opinions Jrom a cartoon
strip!
G: Well, what are you reading? Ah-ha! That's a fine

example ofjournalism for you.
is about to happen
plummets
- falls
investigation
quits - resigns
probe
roiontc
171t4
rofr rcoc
- disagreement
set - ready
surge - nse
talks - negotiations
triggers - causes
vow - promise
graft - bribery
row
'|'7116
Suggested activity: Cut each headline into words, divide the
class into 4 groups and give each group a set of jumbled words
for one of the four headlines.
I Drug
Probe
z Minister Quits
A
Backs Taon
cig
Over
Grafl
Welfare Cuts
Loom
dD
Tax
Revenues
Rebels
Deal
Vow
to
Keep
Reject
L
2.
3.
4.
5.
Ban
Scandal
- p.174
over
for
on
case
features
. KEY.
239
CULTURE
in
'18014
Futher
7.
on
8.
of
177t2
Asinm
v.
pan
director - tells the actors how to play, is the head organizer;

lead - plays the main role; composer - writes music;
stage designer - invents the setting that the play takes
place in, and finds props; performer - actors; costume
designer - designs clothing for the actors; producer
- organizes and funds the show; stage manager - carries
out what the stage designer has planned; extra - people hired
only for the big scenes; understudy - actor studying a role
to substitute for an absent colleague; prompter - whispers
forgotten lines to help the actors; lighting operator - keeps
the stage bright or dark; playwright - the author of a play
dilfereni
after
11. allowances
10.
4n
with
13.
14. o
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20. a,b
21. regional OR international
22. to bring about; encourage
23. meaningless; minimal
.A 0epen0ency
La.
25. together with
178t2
Positive: The
26. states
leading man gave a great performance as

Napoleon. lt was thrilling. The direction was wonderful. I felt the
passion. lt kept me on the edge of my seai. lt was full of tension
and suspense. Atouching story. A heart-warming film. Afilm for
the whole family. The special effects and stunts were great;
27.
Negative:
recerve
lt was boring. The story was predictable. The
actor
wasn't very convincing. The story wasn't believable. A total
waste of money. I walked out half-way through the film.
28. taking over

29. different
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
f.
10.
11.
12.
p. 175
racist
sexist
violent
concerned
criticize
superficial
important
applaud
in-depth
cunent
recognize
provide
'13. alternative media
14.
15.
complete
inadequate
'16. minority
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
aa
LL.
When
Ti
Bach or
fourneyt
Fifth at
When ht
and he
ear for n
day, whe
somethit
to chantr
blaring:
out of hi
I don't r
still plal
rehearst
suppos
179
knov' th
stringed: lyre, violin, mandolin, balalaika, harp, guitar

wind: saxophone, recorder
brass: French horn, trumpet
percussion: drum, maracas, cymbals, triangle, drum set
keyboards: grand piano
his pass
cla.s.sica
not all
Tommy
the conc
marvellt
180t2
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
biased coverage
might
hc
mLtstc a:
pop music (pub, bar)

classical music, violin recrtal (concert hall)
classical music (concert hall), jazz (restaurant with live
music)
./ather ai
classical music (concert hall, opera house)

popular music, jazz (restaurant with live music)
popular music, jazz (club, pub, bar)
singer (see numbers 5 and 6)
Son
rock music, disco music (rock concert, discotheque)

classical music, piano recital (concert hall), rhythm and
blues, rock (restaurant with live music)
decide
wav, v)e
My dad',
trouble,
I h)ant ta
is one tl
always tr
Don't gt
you're
mainstream sources
available
that. Bu,
b
d
180t4
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
tl
He thinks it is OK on some occasions.
a.fanati<
He isn't very enthusiastic, but says it's not at all bad.

He doesn't mind because Tommy started playing the
to play i
or some
guitar.
26. alb
27. a
28. a
29. alb
30. a
240
love in't
to wet one's feet
23. alb
24. alb
25.
prutud q
But I co,
30. nationwide
And More Practice ...
the gene
pASSlOnt
He thought it all right, perhaps a little boring, but he didn't

want to hurt his father's feelings.
No, he isn't. but he doesn't know how to tell his father.
was bor,
I don't t
the pian
I would
I really
your het
it, I
gue.
generatt
Janrzer;
MUSiC;
ry takes
stume
ducer
-carries
rle hired
rg a role
/nrspers
kppnc
d ptdy
rnce as
I
felt the
tension
\film for
trdr,
Jr
he actor
A total
L
dl
m set
vith live
180t4
Father
As in most.familie.s, nr,, son, Tommv, and I hutte tten,
dffirent lilbstyles. But there is one thing, that bridges
the generation gap befvteen us, and tltatis t'uusic. I ctnt a
passionate lover o/ classical music and opera, and I am
proud of the /hct thttt I hove helped to instil thttl same
love in Tbmm.v.
When Tontm.y v,tts.iust an infant, I used to pnt on some
Bach or Tt:haikov.sky when we were in the car on Iong
journeys. He loved il, and he w'ould sing Beelhoven's
Fifth ot the top of hi.s lungs all dov long.
Ilhen he w,as older, Tbntnt), started taking piano lessons,
and he nnde ext'ellent progress. He alw'uy.s had a great
ear.fbr nursic, and he plaved at several recitals. Then one
dot', r'rhen Tttmnry vvas I 3, he told me that he w'untetl to ttt'
something dil/brenl: the guitctr. That s v'lten things ,s'tarted
to change tt little. More and more, I stcu'ted heuring the
blaring sttund,s of heavl, metal guitars and drums conring
out of his room. He didn't tottch the piuno un.y ntore, but
I don't reull.v mind. All thatis reall.,- intportttnt is that he
still plol:s'mtr.sit'. ln.fLtct, he.joined cr rock bandu,hic'h now
rehearses ever.v Sundav- in our bttsement.
I suppo,se somc p(trenls tt,ould have been disapltoinled.
Bul I consider nt.v.self ctn open-mincled father, and I also
knov' thul his love .fbt' c'lassic'al ntu.sic is v'hal drives
his pas.sion /br heav)'metal. After all, ntuch o/ it is iust
classictrl scule.s plared through ct dislorted guitar. [t s
not all thut bud, when you really listen to it. kt shov'
Tomnt.t, thttt I trnderstond, I botrght us a pair o/ tickets to
the concert hall und v,e w,ent,.iust the tvto o/ us. It was o
mcrrvellotr.s evening, and I knew'then that, even though he
might htrve olher tastes in music, he still loved c'las'sical
nttrsic tts ntuch as he did v,hen he was d voung ho.l,. So
I decided lo buy settsott tic:kets for the two o/'us. That
vta.v, ,re can keep sharing our love of mu.sic logether, as
father cmd
Son
ue)
nm ano
rad.
'ing the
Mt, dad s a prettv cool gu-t. He doesn 7 give me too ntuc'h

trotrble, and he lets me dress and act preth, muc'h the wa.t,
I want to, trs long as I get good grades in school. But there
is one thing thut sometimes annovs me aboul hint. Hels
alwavs going on and on about classical music.
Don't get me w'rong, I don't mind classictrl. It',s OK il
vou're trying to studt,or get to sleep or somelhing like
that. Btrl he.seents to have thi.s idea that I'm as muc'h of
a fanalic about classical music as he is. I guess he used
to pltty it lo nte u'hen I v,a,s a kid, and it ntade me lcrugh
or sontething like that, and he took lhal lo mean that I
v'a.s
re
didn't
lther,
.sott.
born to plal'c'lassic'al.
I don't think Dad ever got over the./act that I gave u1t
the piano./br the guitar. I guess he had some idea that
I would bec'ome some great concert pitrnist. But what
I really like is the hctrd stuff, you know, music'that gets
your heart pumping. IJe tries to act like he doesn't ntind
it, I gtress it make.s hin Jbel in tottch with the vounger
generation or something like that. But I knou: he realll,
can't stand it, ond u,i.shes I was still playing Buch on

/he piano or singing Beelhoven ./i'ont the child-seat in
the car.
The other night he took nte out to a concert. Il ta.s ttll
right, I guess. But it vtus a little boring. All of the ntusicians.f trst sitting ut the slage plaf ing, and ever.t'bodt being
quiet and then t'lapping politeh, at the end. O/ c,ttu'sa,
I didnl \rant to hurt Dadls.feelings,

jttst to make hin happlt.
so
I told him it
vt'tr,s
great,
Well, that was a ntistake. The nert day- he ran out und
bought season tic'kets, and now he wants n1e to go oncc
or even twic'e o ntonlh./br the w,hole year! I really tlon't
it, bttt I don'l know how to tell hint. He'.s so

ercited, and I ntean, he does let the band practi.se in /hc
basement. Bttt oooh! llh)'con't he ju,st understand lhul I
tlon't lo,t,e c:lassic'al ntusic tts muclt as lte does?
t+'otlt to do
181t1
TEACH YOURSELF SWAHILI lN 20 DAYS - self-help book
FOOT DISEASES SIMPLIFIED - reference book
THE HITCHHIKER'S GUIDE TO FlJl - guide book
GHANDI-UNAUTHORISED - biography
THE VAN/PIRE DENTIST - honor
LOVE lN THE HOT SUMMER - romance
JJ SPANKS, PRIVATE EYE - detective story
DANTE'S INFERNO - classic
THE WELLAT WORLD'S END - fantasv
LIFE'SAJOKE-humour
THE WHITE HOUSE FILES - spy novel
THE EATER OF STARS - science-fiction
NAPOLEON'S RIGHT HAND - historical novel
181t2
Story 1: After rubbing tanning lotion ..., lt was a beautiful day
and the sun ..., Suddenly a shadow blocked out...
Story 2:A heavy rain fell on the streets, drenching ..., Looking
around nervously, the man ... He had just got it lit. .
Story 3: lt was 3 a.m. Standard Eafth Time ..., Having grown
tired of looking out ..., Suddenly, there was a blinding flash...
.
182t1
A. Limerick
B. Sonnet ending (Shakespeare, No. 94)
C. Part of a free verse (Roger McGough, Comeclose and

Sleeonow)
D. Nursery rhyme
E. Playground chant (acted ending of Oranges and Lemons)
F. Narrative poem
/ Ballad (John Masefield, Reynard the Fox)
1. act
2 fiddle
3. ace
4. read
5.c
6.e
7.
p. 183
. KEY.
241
8.a
9.f
10.
11.
12.
13
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
g
h
14. b
15. c 16. a -
man
house
17. c-unhappy
18. d 19. a -
10.
street
forgotten
films
1. play
2. drum
3. tune
4. song
5.d
6.a
7. b
B.c
p. 184
10. e
11. h
12.
13. f
i
14j
15. b - heaven
16. c-song
17. c - rum
18. b - sniff
19. a - million
20. b - play
21. a-do
22. d - three
EDUCATION
18512
o
o
r
.
to study steadily throughout the year;

the prepared student is reviewing;
the unprepared student is trying to learn it for the first
time;
a prepared student should always be highlighting,

jotting down notes and using these notes as the basis
o
o
of studying;
to focus on the most important things, to form a study
242
workloa
has to r,
... to it than that.
...the importance of note{aking when learning.

... highlighting or jotting down the most important points.
... notes and goes through them all together.
... the mercy of other students.
... on them to give you the information thatwillhelp you
pass the exam.
... luck, and until next week, good bye.
class.
Tt
theit" no
H:Ofcc
students
J;
Yes,y
sible pe'
on them
18512,3
H:
Host: Hello everybody, and welcome to Schooltalk, the

show that examines the major issues J'acing students,
progran
parents, and teacher.s today. Well, this time of year, there s really only one i.ssue facing .students, and that',s the
coming exom season, As we speak, students everywhere
are busily going over notes, trying to catch up on their
reading, and spending sleepless nights waiting for the
dreaded day Well, if you're one of those students, then
put down your pencil.for a.few minutes, because in the
studio today we have Julia Briston, author of the book
Success at School, and she s going to share a.few tipsfor
studying and succeeding in your exams. Julia, welcome
to the show.
Jalia: Thankyou.
H: So, tell us, Julia, what is the secret of success at
H: And"
J:
Well,
Thant
trntil ne:
188t1
Role pli
roles to
ln c/ass
Farbc
Americi
but you
you finrr
through
exams'?
neeo a
J:
your
Well, there s really only one true secret of being a

good student, and that is to work steadily throughout the
school year You can't expect to cram for a whole ltear ls
courses in one night or even in one week. You have to
pace yourself and work at it all year long.
H: Like a long distance runner, right?
parents
WNO StU
Barbc
c0mpul
don't lik
J: Exactly.
H: But surely, there must
be more to it than that. Stttdents

can't be expected to remember things they read six months
earlier, can they'/
J: Well, of course, you still have to study.for exams. But
the dilJbrence is that the prepared student is review'ing
the material, while the unprepared student is trying to
learn itfor the.first time. And I cannot stress enough lhe
importance of note-taking when learning, Both in the

class, and while reading, you should always be highlighting or jotting down the most important points, and
then you can use those notes, and not your textbook, as
the basis ofyour studying. Your textbook should only be
used when 1,ou need more information to flesh out what
you have in the notes.
H: Well, that s how a prepared student does it. But what
about the unprepared students'? Is there any hope Jbr
ple
don't th
career.'
study sr
ner eno
loans.
|
!q!p
t'ot
Barboshould
qiven vc
io .op'.
be happ
interestr
e"rbo
that Bar
gr0up;
them?
philoso6
lou are at the mercy of others.
J:
ofcottrse, ifyou havenl been the perfect studenl

allyear long, all is not lost. The key is to foc'us on what'.s
your da
talk Bar
most important. Theworst thing a last-minute studier can

do is try to rectd all of the books at once. That',s just not
possible. The best idea is to get together with afew other
thing.
185/3
1.
2.
students
pass the
20. c 21. a-last

22. d - admiration
... to cram for a whole year's courses in one night or even
in one week.
... and ihat's the coming exam season.

... going over notes, trying to catch up on their reading.
Yes,
Yc
!qot1t9!
points.
rerp you
clk, the
udents,
students andform a study group. You can then divide the

workload into four or five parts, and each student just
has to research and write good notes on one part oJ the
class. Then, afew days before the exam, evetybody pools
their notes and goes through them all together.
H: Of course, thenyou're always at the mercy of the other
students, arenl you?
J: Yes, you do have to make sure that you choose responsible people for your study group, since you are relying
on them to give you the information that will help you
pass the exam.
H: Well, Julia, thank you very much for coming on the
H: And for all of you students out there, good luck, and
until next week, good bye.
their
188t1
Role play - Barbora's dilemma (slips of paper with
roles to be distributed to groups of seven sfudenfs
the
ts, then
z in the
for
intellectual stimulation. Philosophy studies are by no means
ready to discuss philosophical problems with their students.

Study and library facilities are very good.
A recruiter
from a large computer company: Your

company has links with Barbora's university. You offer
to sponsor a large proportion of Barbora's studies if she
decides to major in computer science. All throughout her
studies she will undertake coursework assignments on the
company premises and will gain business experience. After
she graduates from university, she will be encouraged to
accept her first work placement in this computer company.
Point out that Barbora's sister works for the same companv
and is very satisfied.
School counsellor: f.lf godi"thrt th. thorh thtk
in class).
rc book
tips
carefully and realistically when deciding about which subject
earooii:
for
elcome
to take up because her decision can have a very important
Yo
American university. You would like to major in philosophy,
bearing on her future. lt is vital that Barbora should, after
but you aren't sure whether you will be able to find a job when
she has tried several subjects, major in a subject that really
at
you finish your studies. You pay for most of your education
through student loans, which have to be paid off, so you will
rcing a
need a secure job after you graduate from college. Discuss

your plans and your career prospects with your sister, your
ces,t
rcut the
t
year's
parents, a recruiter from a large computer company, a friend
j who studies philosophy, and a school counsellor.
have to
Barbora's sister: You have recently graduated in

computer programming and found a well-paid job. You
tudents
months
ns. But
tiewing
ying to
don't like your sister's decision to major in philosophy. You

don't think it is a sound education for a successful future
career. You feel strongly that Barbora should "get real" and
study something that will lead to a "real careef' and earn
her enough money to support herself and pay ofi student
loans. Barbora should realize too that she can't exoect anv
help from your parents, who are now retired'
ugh the
in the
e highrts,
and
ook, as
only be
vt what
at
what
for
Barbora's father:
You don't want to dictate what Barbora
should or shouldn't do. You are convinced that you have

given your younger daughter enough sense of responsibility
to cope with her problem on her own. You only want her to
be happy. lf she feels she has finally found a subject that
interests her, she shouldn't hesitate to take it up.
Barbora's mother:
You agree with your elder daughter
interests her. On the other hand, she should consider

employment opportunities as well as the marketability of
the oualification.
188t2
1.
2.
3.
4.
Honeymoon Stage
Hostility Stage
Humour Stage
Home Stage
189/3
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
only
further
appointing
admit
degrees
compared
catered
mature
10.
entrance
grants
11
tuition
12.
raise

z.
student
that Barbora should choose a more practical subject than

philosophy. You don't want to play the heavy and organize
your daughter's life for her, but you believe that if you
,.what s
talk Barbora's dilemma over with her, she will do the right
lier can
thing. You secretly believe Barbora will follow in her sister's
5.
iust not
footsteps and major in computer programming.
6.
7.
rye
other
You study philosophy and you think
easy (e.9. you have to submit a number of papers each

term), but you encourage Barbora to major in this subject.
The teachers at the Department of Philosophy are always
program.
J: Thankyou.
ar, theat s the

ywhere
m
Barbora's friend:
it is a fascinating subject because it provides excellent
- p. 190
. KEY.
243
B.
'10.
HOLIDAYS
19211
13.
learn
4A
learn / study
Holidays not described on p. 194: Mardi Gras - the festival

of Shrove Tuesday, celebrated in some cities with great revelry;
VJ Day - the day marking the Allied Victory over Japan in
WWll (Aug 15, 1945); Father's Day - a day observed as a
15.
learn / study
day in honour of fathers, the third Sunday in June;
16.
learn
Day
11.
12. o
Columbus
the second Monday in October, commemorating the

landing of Columbus in 1492.
17. learn
learn
18.
1q
study
19312
20. learn
21.
in
t)
for
23. of
24. and
25. f\a\/nnd
26. wn0se
qa
Lt- in contrast to
lo.
Dy
29. from
30. during/in
1. f
2.d
3.c
4.h
5.i
6.j
7. b
8.a
9.e
p. 191
November
January
October
m
I
r
u
April
Wishing
March
Season
September
August
Pictures
bauble,
(pulled at Christmas dinner on
Christmas Day)
Independence
(lndependence Day)
picnics and fireworks on Independence Day
fireworks on New Year's Eve / Guy Fawkes'
Night
jack-o'-lantern and a ghost (Halloween)
Martin Luther King, Jr. for Martin Luther King
Jr. Day
a Pilgrim and an Indian symbolize Thanksgiving
Day
bat for Halloween
George Washington (Washington's Birthday)
cup (Father's Day)

witch on a broomstick (Halloween)
shamrock (St. Patrick's Day)
card indicating Memorial Day
heart with a Cupid symbolizing St. Valentine's Day
194t4
2.c
3.d
4.9
5.f
filling the
a basket of eggs and bunny (symbols of Easter)

the opening words of the U.S. Constitution written in 1787
1a
195t2
December
July
June
Dav)
195/1
founding of the United States, a symbol of
write / read
16.
17.
18.
19.
lvlerry L
(The historic bell rung to tell people of the

Declaration of Independence from Great Britain, and of the
12. read
13. wriie
14. read
15. write / read
16. write
17. write / read
18. read
19. write
20. read
21. in
22. approximately
23. of
24. by
25. however
26. throughout
27. through
28. or
29. Most
30. to
'15.
February
Liberty Bell
11.
11. k
12. s
13. o
14. n
20.
193/3
10j
May
cracker
'10.
244
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f,
g.
h.
i.
j.
k.
l.
6.a
7. t
8.h
f.i
Practic
1.
2.b
3.a
4.)
5.9
6.c
7.
8.i
Lf
10. e
11.
12. f
13. b
14. h
i
15.g
16. c
17. a
'18.
1e
20. e
21. as
22. by
23. in
24. to
25. thar
26. in
27. For
28. acrc
29. ol
30. at
l festival
reverry;
Japan in
ved as a
rmbus
rting the
6.a
7. t
8.h
f.i
10
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
1. c
2.b
?i
4.J
5n
o
n
p
10. h
11. d
m
I
12)
13.
14.
15.
r
u
195t1
a Hoppy New Year.
Wshing you every happiness in the New Year.
Seasonb Greetings!
'|'9512
Pictures from the left: Christmas tree, pornsettia, glass ball /
bauble, Santa Claus / Father Christmas, holly, Father Christmas
filling the Christmas stocking, holly, nativity scene / creche
of the
J of the
dence
ter)
in 1787
ay
wkes'
1. d
2.b
u.
4.j
5.9
6.c
7. h
B.i
9.f
10. e
11.
12. f
i
'King
giving
13. b
14. h
15. g
'16. c
lav)
s Day
17.
18.
1e
20.
a1
Lt.
a>
22. by
23. in
24. lo
25. than
26. in
27. For
28" across
29. of
30. at
6.f
7. e
B.d
9.a
Meny Christmas and
s Day)
- p.197
- p. 196
a
h
16.g
17.
18. f
19. b
20. e
21. since
22. with
23. to
24. of
25. for
26. in
27. with
28. in
29. as
30. from
i
MODERN SOCIETY
1981',|
Suggested answers: extinction crisis; genetic engineering;

industrial agriculture; economic globalization; technomania;
industrial crisis; economic crisis...
198/3
1.
2^
commercial
assumption / premise
cultures
governmental
preserve / promote / defend
3.
4.
5,
6.
7.
8.
9.
re-establish / take up
WTO - World Trade Organization
civil / civic
globalization
10.
leaders
198/3
World Culture Resisfs Bowing to Commerce
The advocates ofglobalization would argue thatfree and
open trade and an expansion of commercial relationships
and activities ofall kinds are the keys to a brighter future
for all.
The
flaw in this premise lies in the misguided

. KEY.
245
u.\.\tttllption that contmerce spur.t ctrlture when, in.fact, the

exucl opposite is more often the ca.se. The new cullural
activists vt,ould argue that there is not an example in
h i s lot'1' v'here people.first c'reate commerc' ial re lations ctncl
then establish a culttre. Commerce ancl governntenl at'e
s eco n cla rv, n ot pr int a nt, i nstitt r t ion s. Th e.y, ove der iva t i ves
of the c'trlttrre not the creators oJ'it. Pectplefirst establish
a common language; agreed-ttpon
c'odes
of behaviour
and cr shared sense ofpurpose to v,it, social capital.

Onb: when cultures are well developecl is there enough
soc'icrl trtrst lo sttpport commercial ancl governmental
institutions.
IJ'the GB leaders are united in their .support oJ global
commerce and trade, the civil societl; movetnent groltps
are .jtrst cts commilted to the idea of preserving loc'al
identitl' and enriching both biological and cultural

diversity. UnJortuntrtel.v-, today, the c'ulttu'al sector exists
in a kind of neo-colonial limbo hetween the market and
government seclors. Onl.v by making local culture a
coherent, sel;f-att'are political .forc'e u,ill it be possible
to re-establish its c'ritical role in lhe schente ty''human
societ.y once again. Indeed, it moy be time to establish a
World Cultural Organizcttion to represent diverse cultures
around the globe, and give the "WCO" an equalJooting
u'ith the World Tracle Organization in international
o//air.s.
2011'l
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
and ultranationalist sentimenl. That doesn't have to be so. If

culture.s illltst inevitabb, lead to xenophobia
peoplc everv,w'here c'ome to think of their ov,n culttrcrl

resourc'es nol as possessions to delbnd hut, rathet', as
gi/is to erchange v'ith one another, then the great huntcrn
migrulions of 2lst cenlurr- coultl spaw'n a cttltural
renui.ssance and c'reate the condition,s,/br a trul1, humane
globolizotion of'c'ommerce and trade. The ability of'

politicctl leoders to itlenliJv o-ith and promote both the
interests of the civil societlt and culnrral diversitv will
be c'ritical to ensuring their relevance and viabilitv in
the c'oming centurv. This was the lesson being tattght by
argumel
led
Alternati
Having served
was constitutionally barred
elect
Temelin,
Practir
1.
2.b
3.a
+.c
5.b
6.a
7. c
8.b
9.a
exposed
had been
committed
was thus deemed
202rl
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Bill Gates
YuriAlekseyevichGagarrn
propeller water turbine
soft contact lense
A. G. Bell - telephone
electric light bulb
10.
11.
20212
Neil Armstrong - first man to set foot on the moon
Alfred Bernhard Nobel - dynamite - '1867
Alexander Graham Bell - telephone - 1876
Viktor Kaplan - propeller water turbine - 1913
1969
soft contact lenses - 1961

- electric light bulb - '1879
Yuri Alekseyevich Gagarin - first manned space flight
Bill Gates and PaulAllen - Microsoft - 1975
Thomas Alva Edison
1961
203t4
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
genetically
human
identical twins
replacement
controversial
reproductive
ethical
organ
the proteslers ctssernbling on the slreets of Seattle. It s

a les.son that is likel.t'lo repeot it,self ctgain and again.
The question is. will the heods ofstate take the time
to listen careftrlly to the message c'oming from outsicle
their windot'vs? I/ the.v don't, the escalctting Jrustrcrlion
is likely to pla1, into the hands oJ'the growing nttmber of'
v i o I e n c e -prone ext re m i s t s, u,ith u nto I d cons equen ce s.fbr
the vorld s./irture.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
199/1
20412
1. D
2.B
3.F
4.A
5.E
drud, ul
including
Otto Wichterle
Some people v'orry that o reslrgent inlerest in local
citizens
maintained
204t1
1.
2.
3.
4.
Geothermal Energy
Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC)
Biomass
Wind Power
Hydroelectric Power
Tidal Energy
convert
gasohol
kinetic
exploit
20414
Suggested follow-up activity:Ask the students to form two teams
at opposite sides of the classroom
246
one team representing
Ant
12. Rat
13. Rel
14. Min
15. Dis
16. resr
17. reft
18. cler
19. inflr
20. skir
21. c
22. f
23. b
24. d
25. e
26. a
27. (lea
28. (aid
29. (cor
30. (fail
citizens in favour of building a nuclear power plant in their

area, the other one against it. The two groups exchange
arguments.
Alternative exercise: The two groups are in favour or against
z.a
Temelin.
1. d
2.b
3.a
4.c
5.b
6.a
7. c
8.b
9.a
10.
11.
12.
qAq
1961
p. 205
1,
4.b
5.c
6.d
7. c
8.b
9.a
10. a
11. UF0 / flying saucer
12.
13.
14.
15.
Laser
Space shuttle
Genetic engineering
Nanotechnology
'16. oil
Anti-Semitism
17.
Racism
18.
19.
13. Refugee
14. Minority
15. Discrimination
16. results
17. refuge
18. cleansing
19. influence
20. skinheads
21. c
22. t
23. b
24. d
25. e
26. a
27. (lead)- led
28. (aids)- aid
29. (contributed) - contribute
30. (failed produce) - failed to produce
- p. 206
coal
biomass
firewood
Biogas
20.
21. c,g
22. i
23. b
24. c
25. d, h
26.j
27. f
28. e
29. f,h
30. a
o teams
rsenting
. KEY.
247
VOCABULARY
couch pr
counter(
cradle ['
crtche
((
crib (US
cry plaki
date sb
FAMILY
availability of st dostupnost nedeho
buggy (US) ['bngi] hlubokj kodrirek
absent-mindedness roztrZitost.
nepozomost
baby bouncer hopsadlo

baby break (coll) mateiskri dovolen6
baby carriage (US) kod6rek
baby minder osoba, kter6 se stare
bullying ['bulirl] Sikanov6ni

buried Iberid] pohibenf
abuse (a
child) zneuZit, znetLivat,
tirat (dite)
accepted piijatf, uzniivanf, ofici6lni
act out piedvriddt, ztv{rnit
acute disease akutni onemocneni
addiction to st n6vyk na nco

adolescence dospiviin i
adolescent dospivajici, mladistv!
adopt sb osvojit, adoptovat

adoption osvojeni, adopce
adoption agency agentura zprostfed-
kujici adopci
adoptive family adoptivni rodina
adulterer cizoloZnik
adultery cizoloZstvi
o dirC
baby monitor zesilovaci zaiizeni

(umoZiuje matce slyset dite po
celem bytd)
baby-backpack batoh na noSeni

ditEte
baby-carrier nositko na d(td; tzv.

klokan
baby-sit for sb hlidat ndkomu ditd

baby-sitter osoba, kterd se star6 o ditE
po kr6tkou dobu
baby-walker choditko
bachelor starf ml6denec, neZenatli
mttZ
advantage vyhoda, piednost
banns ohliiSky (veiejn6 ozn|meni
age of consent vdk pohlavni odpovddnosti pied z6konem
cirkevniho siatku)
be cremated mit kremaci, b,!t zpo-
ageism diskriminace starlich lidi

aggressive ftodnyi, agresivni
alimony ['relrmeni] vyZivne, alimenty

alter the face of st zmenit tvei nddeho
amazement uZas, ohromeni, piekvapeni
ambitious ctiZridostivli, arnbici6zni,

niirodnf
amnesia fem'ni:zie, 3e] amnezie;
oslabeni, ztrAta pamEti
appointment book terminov! kalender. diei

argue about, over st diskutovat,
h6dat se o ndco
argument between hddka mezi

(dvdma)
arrange a date domluvit (si) schrizku

arranged marriage siatek domluvenj piibuznj'mi
arthritis [o:'Orartrs] artritida, zdndt
live onemocndni kloubu

attain oneos majority dos6hnout
zletilosti
au-pair divka, kterd pomdhri v rodind
autopsy ['c:topsi] pitva, ohledrini
mrtvoly ke zjisleni piidiny srnrti
248
pelndn
be entitled to st mit n6rok na ndco
be jealous of sb Zdrlit na ndkoho
beautician fbj u:'trJan] kosmetidka

behaviour chovdni
bequeath st to sb [br'kwi:6] odkiizat
ndkomu ndco
best man druZba, svddek (obvykle
Zenichiv piitel)
bib brynddk
borstal (GB) polep5ovna
bottle-feed krmit z lahve
brat spratek, fracek, fakan

breadwinner Zivitel rodiny
break up (with sb) rozejit se (s n6kvm)
caress [ke'res] hyfckat
carry-cot ta5ka na pien63eni ditdte

chat sb up hudet do ndkoho, ukecat
dating cl
dating a1
day care
day nurs
pokoj
death du
ndkoho, nabalit (si) nEkoho
death no
cheat on sb podvriddt nkoho
deceased
cheeky (GB) drz:.i, troufalj
dementir
cheerful vesel!, Sdastnf, radostny
slabom
child-minder osoba. kter6 se stare
dependar
o dite
deplore
detentior
comfort chl6chol it, konejSit

commit sp6chat, dopustit se
chore ['tJc:] (nepiijemnd) povinnost;
dexterity
dom6cf pr6ce
churchyard hibitov
odndti
diapers (
die from
(zrandn
co-respondent spoluobZalovan6
strana v rozvodovdm iizeni
die of (e.1
rakovin
cohabitation souZiti, spolu2iti

coil nitrod6loZni tElisko
die of old
come of age stiit se zletillim, dosdhnout plnoletosti

come up piijit na pieties, vynoiit se,
nastat
condolences kondolence, vyj6dieni

soustrasti
confusion zmateni, zmatek

congratulations blahopi6ni, gratulace
conquer a disease ['kor;ke] piemoci,
zvl6dnout chorobu, nemoc
considerate Ikan'srderet] ohleduPln1i, taktni, Pozornli
vdkem
different
styly
diminish
disagree
disobedie
posluSn
disposabl
diversify
rozrlzn
divorce r,
divorced
rozvede
consist of st skl6dat se z ndeho

consummate a marriage
['konsjumert] naplnit, dovr5it svazekLeny a muZe pohlavnim stykem
dowry ['r
drinking
(bride)groom Zenich
bridesmaid druZidka
contraception antikoncepce
contribute (to, towards) piispdt,
piispivat (k, na)
dummy (
dump sb
bring up vychovat; zvracet
copycat crime zlodinnost inspirovanii
dusting
bride nevdsta
broad-minded liberdlni, sn6SenlivV,

tolerantni
budget rozpodet
buggy (GB) ['b,rgi] skl6daci kod6rek
zruinos
divorcee
breast-feed kojit
child-minding hliddni ddti

civil wedding obdanskf siatek
filmy
corny starom6dni, zastaraly
alkohol
kopadk'
u
easily led
corporal punishment tlesnli trest
easy-goin
(aZ piilt
cot (GB) postjlka pro ditd
elderly
(p
FAMILY
couch potato v65nivli televizni div6k
counterculture alternativni kultura

cradle ['krerdl] koldbka
criche (GB) [kreJ, krerJ] jesle
crib (US) postylka pro dit6

cry plakat, kiidet
date sb 1US) chodit s nkym
)dArek
dating chozeni na rande

dating agency seznamovaci kancel6i
day care pedovatelskd, sluZba
day nursery mateiskii Skola; ddtski
(dte
(ecal
pokoj
death duties dEdick6 daii
death notice parte
deceased
(fml) [dr'si:st] zesnuly
dementia Idr'menJe] demence,

tni/
ArA
slabomyslnost
dependants vyZivovane osoby
deplore odsuzovat
detention; in detention trestni vazba,
odndti svobody; zristat po Skole
dexterity Idek'stereti] obratnost,

zrudnost
diapers (US) plenky

die from (injuries) zemiit n6sledkem
(zrandni)
die of (e.g. cancer) zemiit na (napi.
rakovinu)
die of old age zemiit st6iim, seilosti
vdkem
rsdh-
iit
se,
lieni
'atulace
emoci,
rdu0
rt svartykem
dt,
rovand
eutan6zie, ukondeni Zivota na Z6dost

nemocndho
executor, executrix vykonavatel(ka)

posledni vtle, zdvdti
expecting (infml) v jindm stavu,
tdhotn6
eye up (coli) vrhat zamilovand
pohledy
faint omdlet, ztratit vddomi

feminism feminismus
feminist femin i sta, feministka
fianc6, fianc6e Ifi'o;nser] snoubenec,
snoubenka
foster sb vychov6vat cizi ditd

fun-loving r6d se bavi, md r6d legraci
funeral pohieb
funeral director majitel di zamEstnanec pohiebniho fstavu
funny legradni, divnj
gated (GB) potrestAn dorniicirn
vezenim
geriatrician [,d3erie'trrJen] geriatr

grandma babidka
granny flal tCB) vejminek
disagree nesouhlasit
grow up vyrrist, vyrtstat

grown-up, grown-ups dospdl!,
vdzenim
dosp6li
disposable na jedno pouZiti
guardian porudnik
diversity Idar'varsrti] rozmanitost,
half-brother nevlastni bratr (eden
divorce rozrod; roz\est se

divorced (man, woman) rozvedeny,
rozveden6
divorcee Idr,vcr'si:] rozveden6 osoba
dowry ['dauri] v6no

drinking age vdk. kdyje dovoleno pit
alkohol
dummy (GB) dudlik, Siditko

dump sb nechat ndkoho, d6t nCkomu
kopadky, pustit nCkoho k vodd
dusting utir6ni prachu
easy-going bezstarostny; pohodovy,
(aZ piiliS) tolerantni
elderly (people) starSi lidd
sobit se
incompatible with st, sb

Ir4kem'paetrbl] nesn6Sej ici se,
nekompatibilni s nddim, ndkym
independent nez6visly, sarnostatny
indulge Irn'd.tld3] povolit, dovolit,
rozmazlovat
infant mald ditd, nemluvnd

infatuation pobl6zndni, zaslepeni
infidelity nevdra
inherit zdddit
inheritance pozistalost, dddictvi
inquest soudni vySetiov6ni piidiny
rimrti
invalidity neplatnost; invalidita,
pracovni neschopnost
irritable
gravestone n6rhrobni kdmen
grounded (US) potrest6n dom6cim
rozrfizndnost, rozlidnost
hypercritical piiliS kriti ckyf

illegitimate child nemanZelskd ditd
imitation napodobenina, imitace
immaturity nedospdlost, nevyspElost
immediate family nejbliZ5i rodina
impertinent nestydaty, neornaleny
impressionable citlivy, vnimavy
incompatibility neschopnost piizpfi-
grave hrob
styly
diminish klesat, sl6bnout, ublvat
posluSnost
manZeld
ironing Zehleni
greedy chtivy, nenasytny, chamtivj
disobedient neposluSny, odpirajici
howl [haul] bredet, skudet

husband and nil'e mul a iena.
grass widow slamdn6 vdova
different ways of life rtznd Zivotni
easily led snadno ovlivnitelny

lrest
energetic [,ene'dSetrk] energicky

epitaph ['eprto:fl n6pis na hrobd
euthanasia [,ju:0e'ner3e, 3Ie]
z rodidrije spolednl;)
hang out with sb tr6vit s ndkfm

hodnd dasu
hard of hearing nedoslychavf

hearse fhe:s] pohiebni vfiz
henpecked pod pantoflem
hilarious veself, bujarj, bujn!,

rozpustily
podr6ZdEnf , nedfi tkl ivli,
popudlivj
jealousy Zdrrlivost; z6vist
joy radost, potd5eni, itdsti
kid (coll) ditd
kindergarten
5ko1ka, mateisk6 Skola
leave st to sb odk6zat ndkomu ndco

let sb down nechat na holidk6ch, ve
Stychu
live-in nurse pedovatelka, kte16 bydli

u o5etiovand osoby
lover milenec; milovnik, ctitel
major zletilj
matchmaker dohazovad, zprostiedkovatel siatkri
maternity leave mateisk6r dovolend

maturity dospdlost, zralost
mellow vyror nanj. plny porozumdni.
hire pronajmout; zamdstnat

homemaker (US) Zena v dom6cnosti
minor nezletily
honeymoon lib6nky, svatebni cesta
mistress milenka; pani
hoovering vys6v6ni prachu

househusband muZ v domiicnosti
housewife Zena v domdcnosti
mobility pohyblivost
housework"dom6ci prdce, pr6ce
morals mor6lka, mravy

nagging sekyrovdni, popichov6ni
v dom6cnosti
uvolndny
moody n6ladovf, rozladdni, tczko-
myslnf
.VOCABULARY.
249
FAMILY
nanny (GB) chfiva
nanny (US) divka, kter6 pom6hd
rebel [rr'bel] bouiit se, vzepiit se

register / registry office matrika
rebellion povsteni, vzpoura
v rodind s dCtmi
nappies (GB)plenky
ref
naughty ['nc:ti] zlobivy, neposlu5nf,
v ztahy : pif
buzni
relationship vztah
relative piibuznj
nezbedny
n6e
ations
[ner] rozen6, jmdno za svobodna
relaxed uvolndny
newborn bab5 nor orozen
remarriage dalSi siatek
newlyweds novomanZeld
researcher in... vyzkumny pracovnfk, zablvajici se...
nursery Skolka; ddtskf pokoj

obedient posluSn!
retire
obituary nekrolog
jit
do dfrchodu
retired people dichodci
occur [a'ke:] vyskytovat se

old folks'home domov dirchodcfr
old maid star6 panna
retirement odchod do dfichodu;

dfrchod
rheumatism ['ru:mctrzem] revmatismus, fevma
old people's home domov dfichodcfr

one-parent family neriplnd rodina
open-minded nezaujaty, objektivni
rise in st rrist, zvySeni (nddeho)

role role, riloha
routine prar idelnd. opakovand
option moZnost
orphan ['c:fen] sirotek
orphanage ['crf'enrd3] sirotdinec
outdoor (konanli) venklr, v piirodd,
dinnost
rude hmbf, drsnj

rut zabdhlj' zptsob Zivota
sarcastic sarkastickj
Pod Sirlirn nebem
outgoing spoledensk!, otevieni

outline osnova; synopse, ndstin
pacifier (US) dudlik, Siditko
pamper hydkat, roznazlov at
scold vyhubovat
partner partner(ka), manZel(ka)
senile dementia ['si:narl dr'menJe]

senilni demence
selfish sobecky
senile senilni
separation odloudeni, rozluka

sharp-tongued jizliv!. kousavy
shoplifting kr6de2 v obchodd
shotgun wedding siratek. proto2e
nevdsta je tdhotn6
passed on (euph) zesnul(a)
pension penze, dtchod (penize)

personal ads (US) inzer|ty na sezn6meni. seznamka
playpen dtsk6 ohr6dka

polite zdvoiilf
poor family chudii, nenrajetn6 rodina
position Lrmistit
post mortem ohled6ni mrtvoly, pitva
potty noanik
pram (perambulator) kodiirek pro ditd
praise chvdlit
pregnant t6hotn6
preparations piipravy
propose to sb poZ6dat ndkoho o ruku
protection ochrana proti podeti

punish potrestat
pushchair (GB) sportovni koddrek,
goltbvd hole
quarrel hddat
se, hddka
quiet tich!', klidnj, zticha, ticho

raise vychovat, vychovdvat
rattle chrastitko
250
show offvytahovat se; vejtaha, ten,

kdo se vytahuje
sibling (tech) sourozenec

single mother svobodn6 matka
single parent samoZivitel(ka)
single-parent family neipln6 rodina
slacking flrikajici se
slap plesknout
sleep around
jit, vyspat se s kaZdim
smart (US) drzy

sociable spoledenskli
soothe Isurd] konejSit
spank napl6cat
spinster star6 panna

split up rozejit se
spoil kazit, r ozrnazlov at
spot najit, zpozorovat
spouse chot'
wedding
widow v
widowet
stepfather nevlastnI otec

stepmother nevlastni matka
widower
stereotypes vZitd piedstavy o postar eni t'lovika ve spoleinosti
yield
stroller sportovni kod6rek, golfovd

hole
stubborn ['st,rben] tvrdohlavli

suckling ['s.r.kl4 ] kojenec
superannuation scheme
[,su:pe,cnju'erJan] systdm penzijniho piipojiStEni
superstition povCra
sympathetic soucitni
take sb out to (dinner) pozvat ndkoho na (vedeii)
talented nadani
talk back odmlouvat
talkative hovornf, iednj
tastes zdjmy a
z|liby
tax deductions odpodty z dani

teddy bear ply5ov! medvidek
teenager dospivajici, ditd v pubertd
scream kiidet
passed away (euph) zesnul(a)
standards (morrilni) normy, standardy

stepbrother nevlastni bratr
stepfamily nevlastni rodina
tell off vyhubovat

terminate the pregnancy ukondit
tdhotenstvi
termination / abortion umdld pieruSeni tehotenstvi
test-tube baby ditd ze zkumavky

thoughtf ul ohleduplnli
toddler batole
tolerant tolerantni
tombstone ['turm,steon] n6hrobni
kdmen
toy chest skiiika na hradky

trousseau ['tru;seu] vybava nevdsty
TV r iolence rrdsili v teler izi
twins dvojdata
undertaker zamEstnanec pohiebniho
Istavu
unfaithful nev6rny
unfaithfulness nevEra
upbringing vychova
value hodnota
venereal diseases
[ve'nreriel
dt'
zi:zrz] pohlavni
nemoci
violent Ivarelent] brut6lni, nSsilnli

visiting rights prdvo navStdvovat ditd
po rozvodu
vote volit; volebni hlas
walk out on sb rozejit
se s
ndkim
wreath
ust
youngstl
dite
youth m
youth hr
HOME
lndardy
)ostafovd
wedding svatba, svatebni

widow vdova
widowed ovdovdlli, ovdovdl6
widower vdovec
wreath [ri:0] vdnec
yield ustoupit
youngster mladik, chlapec, ml6denec,
ditc
youth ml6di; mladik
youlh home domoi mlddeZe
renzij-
HOME
accessory doplndk
alarm-clock budik
Allen key ['elen] imbusovf klid
allotment (GB) parcela, pozemek
pronaj atli zahr |dkhii mistnim
fiadem
alter ['c:lte] zrndnit, piestavdt

apartment (US) byt
apparently odividnd, ziejmd
attic ['aetik] podkrovi
al I raclive (fl af. offer) piijemnli.
l6kavf, atraktivni (byt, nabidka)
axe sekyra, zednickd kladivko, 5pid6k
(na hrubd opracovdni kamene)
bannister, banister zt$radli (u schoOISIC,)
barren ['bieren] nefrodny, pustli
pieru-
rbni
bedlinen ['bed,hnrn] loZni p6d1o,

povleieni
bedroom loZnice
bedsit, bedsitter garsonka; obyvaci
loZnice
blender mixdr
concrete beton, betonovy

condo (coll US), condominium (US)
l,konde'mrniem] byt v osobnim
vlastnictvi v druZstevnim domd
conservatory iCB,) zirrrni zahrada.

zaskleny balkon
cpany
cupboard (GB) lk.tbed] skiin(ka),

kredenc
curtain ziclona, z6vds; opona

damp vlhk!; vlhko
decorate malovat, tapetovat, zdobit
detached house samostatnd stojici
drim
trloom (flowers) kvdst. rozkv6st

(kvdtiny)
dingy ['drndSi] Spinavli a tmavy,
bog (slang) z6chod
kolovr6tek
brick cihla
bricklayer zednik
broiler (US) gril (ve vliSi odi)
bulldozer buldozer
bungalow ['b,tqgeleu] piizemni
vm
se
dilapidated [dr'lapldertrd I zchdr-
broom ko5td
bucket kbelik, vddro
vat ditd
comb fkeum] hieben; desat

comfortable pohodlnj
blind roleta, Zaluzie
breezeblock SkvSrobetonov6 tvdrnice
silnf
16tka; utdrka; hadr
couch [kautJ] pohovka, gaud

cramped [kre mptl slesnany. pie-
bread bin nAdoba na uloZeni chleba
nl
cloth [klo0]
coffee table konferendni stolek
bathtub ['bor0t,rb] vana
brace spona, svorka; truhl6iskj
ebniho
clock hodiny
cosy ['keuzr] irtulnli'

cottage domek, chalupa
bookcase knihovna (kus n6bytku)

:vdsty
nhdrina vodu (napi. na stie5e)
clearance kolaudace
bath vana, koupel

bathroom koupelna, zdchod, toaleta
bidet ['bi;det] bidet

ky
chisel ['t.frzel] dl6to

cistern ['srsten] splachor aci nddrT:
cooker vaiid, sporiik
beams and rafters krovy
:tctt
chimney komin
basement suterdn
beam tr6m, kl6da, nosnik

bertd
chest of drawers skiiika se zasuvkami, komoda, prridelnik
dfirn, bungalov
callipers ['keelrpez] posuvnd mdiitko

cellar sklep
cement Isr'ment] cement
chandelier [,Jrnde'1rer] lustr

chateau ['Jateu] z6mek, zdmedek
raly, na spadnuti, ch6trajici
oiumlj
dish rack odkap6vad na n6dobi

dishcloth utdrka na nddobi
dishwasher mydka n6dobi (stroj)
distemper (tech) malovat (zejmena
klihovou barvou)
doorhandle klika
doorknob ['dc:nob] kulovit6 klika

doormat rohoZka (u dveii)
doorstep prfh, zipraLi
dorm (coll US, domitory) studentskd
koleje; ubytovna
dowel fdauel] hmoZdinka; Spalik; dep

drive (GB), driveway (US) piijezdov6 cesta, vjezd do gar62e
duplex (US) lduplexl dvoupodlaZni

byt; dvojdomek
duster prachovka
duvet (GB) ['du:ver] pro5ivan6
petor d piikrjvka. peiina
.VOCABULARY.
251
HOME
eiderdown (GB)['atdedaun] prachovd proSivan6 piikryivka
electrician elektrikAi, elektroinstalater
eleganl ['cl rgcntl elegantni
hatchet ['hetJrt] sekyrka

haunted ['hc;ntrd] kde stra5i, stra5i-
deln!
estimate uddlat odhad
headboard delo postele

hedge Zivli plot
excavator rypadlo, bagr
hideous ['hrdies] ohyzdnf, oSklivl;',
piiSernj
excited vzruSenf, rozdilenli, nedodkavy
exquisite Irk'skwrzrt] piekr6snyi,

neobydejnli, vynikaj ici
faucet (US) ['fc:srt] kohoutek (vodovodu)
high-rise (building) vfSkovd budova

hinge pant
hoe motyka, motydka
hose(pipe) hadice
feeder krmitko
fence plot
hostel Irhostel] ml6deZnickri ubytovna
l'ertile ['fa:tarl] urodn!, plodnli, Zivnyi

file pilnik; pilovat
hotbed paieniStd; serneniStd (napi.

zlodinnosti)
fireguard miiZ pied krbem

fireplace krb
fix spravit, opravit

fix up drit do poi6dku. opravit. spravit
hovel [hovsl] chatrd (Spinavd)

igloo iglir
fl
agstone zahradni chodnikov6

dlaZdice
flannel (GB) Zinka

flat (GB) byt
flatlet byt 1+1, mal6 garsonidra
floor lamp (US) stojaci lampa
girder ['gerde] nosnli tr6m

glazier sklendi
gravel ['grevel] Stdrk
mess nepoiddek, Spina
roomy p
messy neuklizenf
row (US
iadov!
rug menr
mixer Slehad
mop mop; setfit, utfit
saw pila
mortar malta
mortgage ['mcrgrdg] hypot6ka; zatiZit hypotdkou, zastavit
a ohmmetr
shed
kettle konvice; kotlik, kotel

keyhole klidovri dirka
knock down zbourat (napi. starj'

drim)
tinsk6
lav (coll), lavatory z6chod

lawn (mower) ['lc:n ,meue ] trilvnik,
(sekadka na trdvu)
leaky ddravj
library knihovna (mistnost)

lightning conductor (GB), lightning
rod (US) hromosvod
lintel ['Lntel] pieklad (nad oknem,

nad dvehri)
live alone Zit sdm
loan ptjdka
Stdtec
paintroller maliiskj v6ledek

pantry spiZirna, komora
shelves
shingle
path cesta; vy5lapan6 pSina; chodnik
shovel
['.j
patio ['patieu] vydl6Zdny dvorek,

vnitini dvrir
shower
shutter
peephole kuk6tko ve dveiich

pelmet (GB) gamli2
piano pi6no, klavir

pincers Stipaci kle5td
plank fbina
plant rostlina; pokojov6 kvtina
plant st zasdzet ndco
plasterer Stukatdr, omitk6i
sideboar,
pleasant piijemnf
plumber ['pl,rme] instalater; klempii
skylight'
slate biid
slip on vl
obuvi)
sloping
soap mlic
socket zd
pouf(fe) (GB) [pu:1] tabLrret

prick out (GB) piepichovat, piesazo-
sofa-bed
vat sazenidky
pull down provdst dernolici
sofa pohc
soot [sut
spacious
rafters krokve
spade ryi
railing z6bradli
spanner
sponge
h,
spotless
log cabin srub
redecorate vymalovat (znovu)
loo (coll) z6chod
refrigerator lednidka
handbasin rnal6 umyvadlo
lumber (US) stavebni diivi, iezivo
handrail zdbradli; madlo
luxurious [1,rg'Sueries] piepychovy

magnificent skvostny, skvdlj, vel-
relieved uklidndnli, s tlevou

rent dinZe. ndjem(nd); diit nebo vzit
sieve sito
sink diez
poky tesny. rnalj'. ubohli. chatrny

porch veranda, krytf vchod
rebuild znovu postavit, pfestavdt
252
chodd)
sickle ['s
log poleno
kolepli
kth
shelf poli
ramshackle zanedbany, seSly, zch6r

ralli, na spadnuti
dlovdk)
shears zi
painting malba, obraz; malov6ni
loft pfrda
handy (US) Sikovnj

handyman irdrZbrii (manu6in6 zrudny
secluded
paintbrush
insulation [,rnsju'lerJen] izolace

john (the) (coll) z6chod
joiner truhl6i
joints spoje (dievdnd)
gutter okap, ryna; stoka, odtokove
koleje
Sr(
shabby
locksmith z6mednik
halls of residence (GB) studentskd
scales vd
oven ['.tven] pec; kamna, trouba

overflow pieteci
greenhouse sklenik
koryto
scaffoldi
screw
mug hmek, kelimek
multimeter voltmetr
pr
housing estate sidliSte
larder spiZima
gazebo [gc'zi:beu] besidka, alt6n

s vlihledem
mend spravit, opravit
seedling
dveie na terasu, balkon nebo
mansarda (zvl. pro chude umdlce)
ski)
roof'er
settee [st
knocker klepadlo
ladle Ierdl] nabdradka, sbradka
landlady bytnri, pani dom6ci; hos-
fridge lednidka
lurnish zaiidit, vybavit n6bytkem
garret ['gertt] skrovnd podkrovi,
roller (p
mattress matrace
ottoman (US) taburet
foundations zitklady
four-poster bed postel s nebesy
French doors / windows zasklene
fretsaw rejdovadka (pila)
rewire d
mat podloZka, piedloZka
hothouse sklenik
keys klide
zahradu
restro0n
mantelpiece iimsa nad krbem
nails hiebiky; nehty
flowerbed kvdtinovli z6hon

flush spl6chnout
lbotstool podnoZka
lbyer ['fcler] foyer, vstupni hala
maintain udrZovat
do n6jmu
rent oul pronajimal. pronajmout
squat nel
(bvt); b
squeeze 2
se; vym
staircase.
standard
(step)-lac
FOOD
restroom (US) z6chod
rewire d6t novd elektrickd vedeni
roller (paint roller) v6ledek (malii-
ski)
rug menSi koberec, piedloZka

saw pila (nristroj)
scaffolding ['skafeldrl I leieni
scales v6ha, v6hy
screw Sroub
secluded odlehlli, izolovanf
seedling sazenidka
settee
ba
:hodnik
,orek.
Ise'tir] pohovka, gaud, sofa
kilna
OreJheuld] pr6h
shingle Sindel: stieSni krytina
toilet z6chod, toaleta

tools n6iadi
anise ['renrs] anyz (rostlina, koieni)

aniseed ['renrsird] anyz (koieni)
anorexia nervosa
[,ene'reksie ns:'veuse] anorexie
(chorobnd nechutenstvi)
appearance Ie'prerans] vzhled

appetiser piedkrm, chut'ovka
apple jablko
apricot I'eiprrkot, 'aprrkot] me-
ruika
asparagus Ia'sprereges] chiest
aubergine ['eubegirn] lilek, baklaZdn

baby leeks mladli' p6rek
bacon slanina
bake pdci
banana ban6n
barbecue opdkat na roZni, najehle

nebo na oteviendm ohni
barmaid barmanka, diSnice

barman (GB), bartender (US) barman, diSnik
toothbrush kart6dek na diStdni zubri

toothmug kelimek na di5t6ni zubfi
basil ['baezel, 'berzel] baza\ka
toothpaste zubni pasta
beansprouts naklldend fazole; fazolovd vyhonky
beans fazole
sickle ['srkl] srp

sideboard (GB) piibomik
towel ['tauel] rudnik

trailer (US) obytnf piiv6s
beat the eggs Slehat vejce
sieve sito, sitko
transplant (US) piepichovat, rozsa-
beef hovdzi, hovdzi maso
sloping Siknry.
zovat sazenidky
tub vana
utilities sluZby
valance (US) ['vaelensl gamyL,
kr6tk6 z6clonka nad okny
soap myidlo
wallpaper tapeta; tapetovat

wardrobe skiii (Satni); garderoba
socket zi{suvka
washbasin umyvadlo
sofa pohovka
weed plevel; plit
sofa-bed pohovka
well-kept dobie udr2ovanj

wheelbarrow koledko, trakai
sr
aZujici sc
r!d; spades piky
sponge houba
spotless disfounk!, bez poskvrnky
squat neleg6lnE zabrany pr6zdnj drim

(byt); bydlet ve squatu
squeeze zm6dknout, vymadkat; vecpat
se; vym6mit, vyZdimat (penize)
)ut
['
shovel ['J.r.vel] lopata

shower sprcha
spanner (GB) klid
vzit
threshold
toaster toustovad
spade
tear down provest demolicr

teepee, tepee vigvam, indi6nskj' stan,
typi
tenant n6jemnik
thin out protrh6vat, jednotit
shelves police, regdly
soot Isut] saze

spacious prostomy, velkli'
tea-towel utdrka
timber (GB) stavebni diivi, iezivo
obuvi)
vdt
study pracovna
suilch vypinai: piepinad: spinad
tap (GB) kohoutek; vnitfni z6vit
shelf police, polidka
skylight vikji, stieSni okno

slate biidlice; stfe5ni ta5ka
slip on vklouznout do (obledeni,
zchAt-
strainer sitko, sito
tile dlaZdice; kachlidka; ta5ka

tiler dlaZdid; pokrjvad; obkladad
sink diez, vylevka
iesazo-
stove kamna; spor6k
shears zahradnickd nfiZky
chodd)
my
storeroom skladiStE, skladovaci pro-
tidy uklizenj, upraveny
shutter okenice; kovovd roleta (v ob-
clempii
almond(s) ['o:mend (GB)'aelmend

(US)lmandle
shabby oSuntdlf, rozbitj

shed
lnl
FOOD
stool Zidle, stolidka bez opdradla

stor; komora
roofer pokrfvad
roomy prostomy
row (US) / terraced (GB) house
iadovli drim
jtr
stone k6Lmen
staircase-landing odpodivadlo
standard lamp (GB) stojaci lampa
(step)Jadder Zebiik
whitewash lidit vdpnem, bilit

windowsill okenni parapet, iimsa
wipe one's shoes otiit, odistit si boty
workshop dilna
wrench (US) maticovj klid, has6k,
francouzsky klid
beer and ale pivo a anglickd pivo

(nadkvasnd svrchni)
beer mug pfillitr (pivni)
biscuits (GB) su5enky

bitter hoikj, trpkf ; hoike pivo
bitters hoik6 piva
blackcock tetiivek
blend michat, misit, mixovat
boil vaiit
bottle zavaiovat
bouillon I bujorl] buj6n, hovdzi

vyvar
bowl fbeui] misa, miska; 56lek

breadcrumbs strouhanka
broccoli brokolice
broiler (GB) brojler, mladd kuie; gril
broth vyvar (silnj, zejm. masovy)

brown ale tmavd pivo
brownies (US) dokol6dovd pedivo
s oiechy
Brussels sprout rriZidkov6 kapusta
brunch pozdni snidand spojen6

s obEdem
.VOCABULARY.
253
FOOD
cook vaiit, pdci; kuchai
fork vidlidka; vidle
(chorobn6 chut' k jidlu)

bun sladk6 Zemle (nEkdy s rozinkami)
malt [mr
cooking vaieni; kuchynd

cornfl our kukuiidn6 mouka
franchise ['frantJarz] uddlit povo-
marinate
butter m6slo
cottage cheese tvaroh, tvarohovy syr
fry
courgette (GB) fkcr'get, kue'get]
game zvdiina
bulimia fbu,lrmie -'1irmi-] bulimie
cabbage zeli
calves tele
cake kol6d; dort

canap6s ['krneperz] chut'ovky,
jednohubky
candlelighl osr etleni sr ickami

candy floss (GB) cukrov6 vata
capercaillie [,keepe'keilj
i] tetiev
gef
crackers (US) suSenky

cream smetana; krdmov6 poldvka
crisps (GB) bramborovd lupinky
goose husa
chlebovdho tdsta s dirkami,

s m6slem)
capon ['keipen] kapoun
cappuccino [,krepu'tJi:neu] kapudino

caraway kmin
carnivore masoZravec
carrot mrkev
carryout (US) restaurace
jidla pies ulici
prodejem
casserole ['kesereul] kastrol,

rendlik; jidlo vaiene nebo pod6vand
v rendliku
cassia ['kaesie] hrub6, nekvalitni
skoiice
catfish sumec
caulifl ower ['kolr,fl aue] kvdtrik
caviar ['krevior] kavi6r
ji
gourmand I gcr'mo:d] ve1kli jediik;

gurmdn
gourmet [' gcrmer] gurm6n, labuZnik

grains obilniny
grapefruit grapefruit
gratuity Igre'tju;etr] spropitne
se
crush rozmadkat, rozdnit

cucumtrer okurka (sal6tov6)
cuisine fkwr'zi:n] kuchynd (zprisob
vaieni)
cumin ['kju:mrn,'k,tmrn] iimskli'
kmin, Sabrej
currants rybiz
curry powder kari
custard tekutli pudinkovy krdm (ako
cutlery piibory
decaf iinfml) kdr a bez koleinu
desirable Idr'zarorebl] vhodnf
potiebnf, 26douci
gravy 5t'6va z masa

grill grilovat; gril, ro5t
groats [greuts] kroupy, k*pky;
krupice
haggis skotskd jidlo (mletd skopovd
nebo teleci vnitinosti s ovesnou
moukou vaiend ve skopovdm
Zaludku)
inaccessible [,rnek'sesrbl] nedo-
deni; (o
microwa
troubd
milk jug
milkshak
mince (n
mlit (zr,
mix mich
mixers nr
pravE n
IOnlc)
muffin
grounds k6vov6 sedlina
ham Sunka
hors d'oeuvre [,c:'ds:v] piedkrm
horseradish kien
5od6)
meat-eat
medium
gooseberries angreSt
cruet (GB) ['krurrt] karafa

crumbles drt, drobky
crumpet (GB) placka (z bildho
z cltrus
mashed;
bory; br
atine [' dSeletirn] Lelatina
courtship dvoieni se, ndLmluvy
velkf
marmala
smaZit, opdkat
garlic desnek
cuketa
caffeine ['krefi:n] kof'ein
calf,
leni, licenci
stupny
sl
mug hme
mushroo
mustard
mutton s.
muzak [';
hudba (
stauraci
nachos ['
cidky
napkins
cereal ['sreriel] obilnina, potravina

z obilovin
dill kopr
champagne f.fam'pern] Sampaiskd,
dish misa, n6doba; jidlo
inn zdjezdni hostinec; hospoda

jam (GB), jelly (US) dlem, zavaienina (ne z citrusovjch plodfi)
jello (US), jelly (GB) 2e16, rosol
juniper ['dSurnrpe] jalovec
dissolve Idr'zolv] rozpustit

dough [deu] kynutd tdsto
kidneys ledvinky
knifeo knives ['nari-] nfiZ
offal ['of:
kohlrabi l,keul'rarbi] kedlubna

lager ['lo:ge] leZ5k, pivo
open san(
celeriac celer (bulva)

celery celer (iapiky)
sekt
cheddar ['tJede] dedar (syr)

chef [Jef] Sefkuchai, vrchni kuchai
cherry tieSei
chicken noodle soup kuieci poldvka
s
nudlemi
chillies dili (koieni )

chips (GB) hranolky, pommes frites
chocolate dokol6da
chop sekat; kotleta
chunks kusy, kousky
cider (GB) ['sarde] n6poj vyrobeny

z jablek (mirnd alkoholickj)
dessert Idr'ze:t] z6kusek, moudnik

dice nakr6jet na kostky
dip namodit, ponoiit
doughnut kobliha
duck kachna, kadena
dumplings knedliky
Edam ['i:drem] eidam (eidamsky
lamb
s1;r)
eel [rhoi
eggplant lilek, baklaZ6n

expresso espreso (k6va)
extras (GB) piilohy
fattening zptsobuj ici tloustnuti
feast on st pochutn6vat si na nddem
l'laml
jehnd: jehneci
landlord (GB) hostinskyi; dom6ci

latte (US) I'lo:teil k6va s horkfm
mldkem
lean
libovj
leek p6rek
lemon citr6n
lemonade limon6da
cinnamon skoiice
figs fiky
clove hiebidek; strouZek
fillet pletek, iizek
(club) soda (US) soda
fish ryba, ryby
coconut kokos
flavouring koieni, esence, ar6ma,

piichut'
lentils dodka
lettuce hliivkovli sal6t
liqueur Ih'kjue] likdr
liquor (US) ['hke] destil6t
liver balls j6trovd knedlidky
foody milovnik jidla, labuZnik
luncheonmeat nfiez, na pldtky nakr6-
coffee k6va
contaminate nakazit, zneiistit
jend maso nebo uzenina
nectarine
noodles
nutmeg
nutrition
onion cib
ien ri nh
orange p(
oregano (
oust Iaus'
vypudit
oven [,rv(
overcookr
pancakes
paprika
parsnip p
party
vee
peach bro
peanuts b
peas hr65t
peel loupa
pepper
254
nourishn
pa
FOOD
malt [molt] slad; karamelovj ndpoj
marinate marinovat
marmalade zavaienina (obvykle
z citrusovdho ovoce)
mashed potatoes st'ouchand brambory; bramborov6 ka5e
meat-eater ten, kdo
ji
maso
:dlik;
medium ['mi:diem] stiednd propedenf (o bifteku)

microwave piipravit v mikrovlnnd
buZnik
milk jug konvidka na mldko
troub6
milkshake (GB) mldinf koktejl

mince (meat) [mrns] mletd maso;
mlit (zvl. hovdzi)
mix michat, namichat

mixers nealkoholickd n6poje (k piipravd michanych n6poji, napi.
{;
tonic)
plum
Svestka
poach hodit do vrouci vody a kr6tce
povailt
poisoning otrava (napi. jidlem)
pop ochuceni nealkoholickli n6poj
s bublinkami
pop out odskodit si ven (do restaurace, obchodu apod.)
pork vepiove
potatoes brambory
poultry drfibeZ
preservatives konzervadni prostiedky
pudding (GB) [ pudr4] moudnik;
mustard ['m.tsted] hoidice
nachos ['naetJeuz] kukuiidnd pla-
to-
cidky
napkins ubrousky
nectarine nektarinka
'raie-
noodles nudle
rl
nourishment ['n,rrrJment] vfZiva

nutmeg mu5k6tovy oiiSek
nutritional vylivny
offal ['ofel] vnitinosti
onion cibule
open sandwich ['srrn(d)wrtJ] obloZenf chlebidek
orange pomerane
oregano dobromysl
oust laust] vy4ladit, vystmadit,

vypudit
oven [.r.v(e)n] trouba; pec
overcooked r ozv ai eny, pievaienf
pancakes paladinky
paprika paprika (koieni)

parsnip pastii6k
party vedirek
peach broskev
peanuts burskd oiiSky
'nak6-
saut6 ['souter] rychle opdci, osmaiit

savour vychutnat, pochutnat si;
pineapple ananas
pinch of salt Spetka soli
pint [parnt] pinta (asi pril litru)
mushroom houba
stauracl)
lim
pie kol6d s n6plni uvniti; piroh
price cena
pub hospoda
mutton skopovd maso

muzak ['mju:zrek] reprodukovanii
hudba fiako kulisa v obchodd a re-
lCr
saucer podS6lek
mug hmek, dZb6nek
muffin sladkj kol6dek

pove
ou
pheasant Ifezent] baZant

pickle naklddat (zeleninu)
peas h165ek
peel loupat, oloupat
pepper paprika (zelenina)
n6kyp
pulses [p.r.lsiz] lu5tdniny
pure [pjue] dist!

purde ['pjuerer] rozmadkat na pyrd
quality kvalita
quarter nakrdjet na dtvrtky, rozdtvrtit
quinine ['kwrni:n] chinin
rabbit kr6lik
sauerkraut kyseli zeli
okoienit
savoury pikantni, ostrd chuti; chutnj
scone (GB) [skon, skeun] boch6nek
di buchta
scramble michat, zamichat

seafood moiskd ryby, moi5ti korj'Si
nebo mdkkjSi
seasonings koieni
shake (US) mlddn5i koktejl

sheep ovce
short (GB), shot (US), tot sklenidka,

pan6k (alkoholickeho ndpoj e)
simmer povaiit na mirndm ohni
sirloin ['sarlcrn] svidkov5

skimmed milk odtudndnd, odstied6nd
mldko
slice kr6jet na pl6tky; pl6tek
snack male obderstr eni; sr aiina
soda (pop) (US) limon6da
soda (water) (GB) ['saode] soda
spirits lihoviny
spirits (GB) destil6ty
spoon lZice
squash nipoj z rozmadkandho ovoce
(zejm. citr6nri, obvykle se iedi
vodou)
radishes iedkvidky
starter piedkrm
raisins rozinky
steam vaiit v p6ie; p6ra
rare kwavy (o bifteku)

raspberries maliny
recipe(for) ['resepi] recept (na)
stew dusit; duSend maso
refectory j idelna
rhubarb ['ru:bo;b] rebarbora

risotto [rrrzoteu] rizoto
stewed
fruit
ovocny kompot
stir michat
slir-fries dinskd jidla piipravovana
na p6nvi
roast pdci (maso)
stock cube kostka buj6nu

strawberries jahody
rosemary"rozmaryln
sugar bowl cukienka
rump kfta
sundae ['s,tnder] zmrzlinovy pohSr

s ovocem
salami saliim
salmon ['s;rmon] losos
salt Iscrlt] sil
sanctions poslihy. sankce. protiopatieni
sandwiches obloZend chleby, sendvide
sardines sardinky
surroundings prostiedi
sweetcorn sladka kukuiice
tablecloth ubrus
tangerine mandarinka
tart (GB) ovocny ko5idek
taste chut', piichut'; ochutnat; vkus
satsuma druh mandarinky
teapot dajov6 konvice

tearoom dajovna
sauce omildka
teaspoon krivovri lZidka
saucepan hlubok6 p6nev, rendlik,

kastrol
teetotaller, teetotaler (US)
[,ti:'teutele] abstinent
.VOCABULARY.
255
SHOPS
tender jemnf, mdkkf (o mase)
SHOPS
consumer spotrebitel
inexpen
thicken zahustit
ad, advert (infml) inzerdt
tip spropitnd
toast piipit; piipitek
advertise inzerovat
advertising inzerce, reklama
crate piepravka, bedna

curlers nat6dky
instalmt
toffees
affordable Ie'lcldebl] dostupny,
['tofiz]
karamely
allspice novd koieni; jamajskyi pepi
tough [t,tf] tuhj (o mase)

trifle (GB) zdkusek (piSkot mridenj ve
vind, s ovocem, 5od6 a Slehadkou)
attendant obsluha
auction ['c;kJen] aukce, draZba
baker's pekaistvi, pekiima
bakery pekaistvi, pekdrna
banknote (GB) bankovka
Turkish tureckj'
vyjadiujici netrpEli-
vost, rozhoideni)
bargain ['bo:grn I dobrri koupd.
TV dinner polotovar pro rychlou
vjhodn6 koupd
be in / out of stock b5it / neblit na
vedeii
undercooked nedovaieny
vanilla vanilka
beware ofd6t si pozor na, mit se na

pozoru pied
dovat se
plakritovaci plocha
vegetables zelenina
billfold (US) ndprsni
vegetarian vegetari6n
bookshop (GB), bookstore (US)

knihkupectvf
taSka; pendZenka
bottled lahvovd, v lahvi

braid (US) [brerd] cop
vinegar ocet (vinny)

vintage wine ['vrntrd3] archivni vino
brand-new zbrusu novy, irplnd novli

butcher('s) ['butJe(z)] feznik,
ieznictvi
waitress diSnice
warrior v6lednik
well-done propedenf (o bifteku)
can (US) plechovka, konzerva

cart (US) ndkupni vozik
whip
carton krabice; lepenka, karton
watermelon vodni melourr

Slehat
whiskey (US & Irish), whisky (GB)

whisky
wholefood (GB) zdrav6 vliZiva (potraviny v piirodnim stavu)
cash desk pokladna
(wild) boar divod6k, divokll kanec
cheap levny, lacinf
wine vino (n6poj)

winebar vin6ma
checkout (counter) pokladna

(v supennarketu)
wintergreen libavka poloZen6 (olej

z tdto rostliny)
chemist('s) ['kem rsts] drogerie.
yoghurt ['joget] jogurt
chignon I Ji:njc:] uzel vlasri v tyle,
cashier pokladni
chain storejedna prodejna obchodniho ietdzce; fili6lka
ldkdrna
drdol
INVEN:
ironmol
Zelezdi
irresistil
jar zavai
jeweller
lacquer
dress a shop window uddlat vylohu,

upravit vjlohu
Iaund(e)
[,lc:n'c
leaflet le
drugstore (US) ldk6ma a drogerie

dye nabarvit
exhibit vistava; exponiit; vystavovat

expensive drahy. ndkladny
faulty goods ['fc;lti] vadne zboLi

shmonger's (GB ) ['fiJ,m,t11 gez]
fi
prodejna ryb, ryb6ma
billboard (US) velkd reklanrni tabule,
venison ['venrsan] maso lysokd

zvdie, zvdiina
jidla)
drist, dil.
discount sleva; sniZit cenu
bill (US) bankovka
vegan ['vi:gan] vegan (vegetari6n,

ktery; neji ani vejce a ml6dnd viirobky)
orist('s) kvdtin6istvi
flower-stand stanek s kretinami
fly-poster plak6t nebo let6k vlwdSen! bez povoleni (YyrazpochLzi
tj.
nelegdlnd.)
flyer prospekt, reklamni let6k

folder sloZka
furniture n6bytek
garage ['gero:3,'grerrd3, ge'ro:g]
autoopravna; gar6Z
giftshop diirky, suvenyry (obchod)

glassware obchod se sklem
greengrocer's obchod se zeleninou
pronaJr
mnoZst
market t.
market s
marketp
milk-sho
milkman
milkroun
mldka
miller ['n
moderate
nail polis
napkin
newsager
note (CB
notion's
a ovocem
grocer's obchod s potravinami, smiSend zboZi,
loaf, loar
locker (L
manicur,
fl
z vazby,,to do st on the fly",
line up (
line (US)
kolonidl
ofI:-licenc
proddva
guaranteed Igreren'tild] se zdrukou

haberdasher's Ihabe'deJez] galan-
optician'r
terie (GB); p6nskd oddvy (US)
payment
hair spray lak na vlasy

hairclip sponka do vlasri, pinetka
hairdo [des
perfume
perm(ant
hairdresser kadeinik
pickpock
pipe dlm
packet, p
pharmac,
china shop obchod s porceliinem

close down zru5it obchod
hairdryer vysouied vlasri, fdn

hairpin sponka do vlasri
clothes [kleu6z] obledeni, Saty

cobbler Svec, oprav6i obuvr
handout prospekt, reklamni let6k

hardware (US) Zelezriistvi
pricelist
come across st ndrhodou na ndco

narazit
healthfood shop zdrav6 vj'Ziva
purchase
commercial reklama (v r6diu nebo

v televizi)
highlights melir
hoarding (GB) ['hc:dr4] reklamni ta-
confectioner's cukr6rna
256
tepl6
extravagant marnotratny; piedraZeny
skladE
veal teleci (maso)
zucchini (US) [zu'ki:ni] cuketa
delicatessen lahfidkdistvi (US tdz
demand popt6vka; poladovat, dola-
staroZitnictvi
trout [traut] pstruh

turkey krocan
ts (zvuk
customer zAkaznik
cut-price za sniZenou cenu, zlevndnj
deli lahridkriistvi
antiques, antique shop /dealer's
tripe dr5t'ky
tut [t^t]
za
sluinou cenu
tomatoes rajdata
inferior
(obchod)
bule (napi. na sportovnim stadionu)
plait (GB
poster plz
quality
gr
queue (C
queue up
fronty n
SHOPS
inexpensive levn!', nijak drahyi'
inferior goods podiadnd zbo2i

instalment, installment (US) spl6tka,
crist, dil, pokradov6ni
)vndni
INVENTORY (US) INVENTU RA

ironmonger's (GB) ['aran,m,tqgez]
rcz
2elezdistvi
irresistible neodolatelny
doLa-
flohu,
tvovat
.raLeny
oZi
azl
ri
ve-
:hAzi
ri
tnou
smi'ukou
3alan)
(a
lacquer ['1ake] lak na vlasy

laund(e)rette / laundromat (US)
leaflet let6k, prospekt
line up (US) postar it se do fronry
line (US) fronta
loaf, loaves bochnik
locker (US) mrazi,ci. box, ktery si lze
record shop / music shop obchod

gramodeskami / hudebnimi nosidi
reduce a price sniZit cenu
reduction sleva
['rr:f,tnd] vr6ceni pendz,
n6hrada
rip
sb off (coll) natdhnout, okr6st

n6koho
tablecloth ['teibl,klD0] ubrus!

take in sb podv6st, napdlit ndkoho
take st back vzit ndco zpdt
thrifty
Setm1i
throw away zahodit, vyhodit

tightwad (US) ['tartwod] skrblik,
drZgreSle
till piirudni
pokladna; z6suvka na
penize v pokladnd
rollers natiidky
run out of st vyderpat zdsobu nddeho,
dojit
tin (GB) konzerva

tint one's hair uddlat si pieliv
sale prodej, vjprodej
tobacconist's tabiik
toyshop hradkiiistvi
sales gimmicks
obchodni triky
['grmrks] reklamni
trolley (GB) ['troli] n6kupni vozik;

servirovaci stolek; vozik
pronajrnout ke skladov6ni vdtSiho

mnoZstvi potravirr
salesman (US) prodavad; obchodni

cestujici
manicure ['mzenrkj ue] manik[rra

market trh
market stall prodejni st6nek na trhu
marketplace trZiStd
milk-shop mldk6ma
saleswoman (US) prodavadka; obchodni cestujici
VAT (value added tax) DPH (dan
sandwich sendvid, chlebidek
wallet (GB) ['wolrt] ndprsni taSka,
milkman mldkai
milkround trasa denni rozndSky
moderate ['moderet] mim1i, umimdny

nail polish lak na nehty
seconds kazove zboLi, zboZi druhe
jakosti
shampoo [Jrm'pu:] umyt vlasy;
Sampon
shop for st nakupovat. shdndt ndco
wrapper ['rrepe] obal
shop (CB) obchod

shopkeeper majitel obchodu, obchodnik
perfume parfdm
perm(anent waves) trva16 (ondulace)
pharmacy (US) tdkdma
shoplifter zloddj, kteqi krade v obchodd

shopper zAkaznik v obchodd
shopwindow vjklad
short-change oSidit pfi vraceni
drobnlich
shrink-wrapped zabaleno do
ochrannd folie
sold out vyproddno
sponsorship sponzorov6ni, finandni

podpora
pickpocket kapesni zloddj, kapsdi

pipe dlmka
sports goods spoftovni zboLi
plait (GB) fplat] cop, vrkod
stay open
poster plak6t
steak Isterk] biftek, i(zek

STOCKTAKING (GB) INVENTURA
queue (GB) [k1ur] fronta

queue up for... (GB) postavit se do
fronty na...
pdnskii pendZenka
warranty ['worenti] z6ruka

wholefood ['hool, fu:d] bioporraviny
wholesaler velkoobchodnik
wig paruka
nelvsagent's obchod s novinami
notion's (US) galanterie

off-licence (GB) obchod s povolenirn
prod6vat lihoviny pies ulici
optician's optika, obchod s brllenii
packet, pack balidek. krabidka, sridek
payment platba
z piidand, hodnoty)
shoeshop obchod s obuvi
shop-soiled zboLi zalpindn6 v obchodd
note (GB) bankovka
used goods pouLite zboLi
wholesale price velkoobchodni cena
shoemaker obuvnik, Svec
napkin ubrousek
purchase ['ps:tJes] koupit; koupd

quality goods kvalitni zbozi
lionu)
nabidka
sweetshop cukrdrna
retail price maloobchodni cena
pricelist cenik
nnl ta-
paragon
jeweller's klenotnictvi
mitler ['mrla] mlyn6i
od)
receipt Irr'si:t] stvrzenka, listek,
supplies dod6vky; zrisoby
supply dodat, dodiivat, z6sobovat;
relund Irr'fnnd] vrdtit penize:
mldka
1'-1
r..)
i
teln!
jar zavaiovaci sklenice, niidoba
[,lc:n'dret] samoobsluZn6 pr6delna

:rie
reasonable rozumny. sluSny. piija-
stationer's papirnictvi
bjt otevienf
store (US) obchod
string bag sit'ka, sit'ovka (na n6kup)

supermarket supermarket
superstore velk! obchod, ktery prodiiv6 tdmdi vie
. VOCABULARY.
257
CLOTHES
CLOTHES
alterations [,olte'rerJen] pie5iv6ni
oddvii
amber ['rembe] jantarovli, jantarovd

llutyl, jantar
ankleJength ['aepkl,le90] po kotniky; kotnidkovf
anorak (GB) nepromokavii vdtrovka
s
kapuci
apron ['elprenf zAsr1ra

aquamarine [,akweme'rirn] akvamarinovy, akvamarin
armhole prriramek
baggy ['bregi] piiliS volnyi, plandav!;
vlahanSi
barred pruhovanj', prouZkovan5T,
s Sir5imi pruhy
bathrobe (US) koupaci pl65t'

batik ['betrk, be'ti:k] batikovanf;
batika
chequered ['tJ eked] kostkovanf

chintz [tJrnts] pestie potiSteni
kartoun
rdlky
bellbottoms zvonovd kalhoty
belt pdsek
bib and braces kalhoty s laclem

bikini bikini
bleach [bli:tJ] bdlit; odbarvovat
bodysuit body. elastickli oddv
boots vysokd boty, kotnidkovd boty
bra podprsenka
bracelet n6rarnek
braces (GB) Sle
senka
brocade Ibre'kerd] brokdt

brogues [brsugz] perfbrovand pdnskd polobotky
karal
se
flannel vlnEny flanel; Zinka

fl
clean distit
flares zvonovd kalhoty
kilt
clip earings ['rerr4z] klipsy
flat-heeled /low-heeled s nizkym
knee-lr
clogs dievdky
colourfast stdlobarevnj
conceited domfSlivli
cord(uroy) manSestr; manSestrovy
costume jewellery bi2uterie
annels
fl
podpatkem
foldaway umbrella sklddaci deStnik

footwear obuv
couturier ['ku:tjuerier] ndvrh6i rno-
gaiters Stulpny, niivleky
crease-resislant nemadkavy
knicke
flowered kv6tovanf, posetf kvdtinami
koZe5ina
gabardine
['
gtebedi:n] gabarddn
garment obledeni; d6st oddvu, pr6dla

gaudy ['gc:di] kiiklavli
gem drahokam
let out
cuff manZeta ruk6vu

cufflink manZetov! knoflidek
goggles ['goglz] ochrannd bry;le

(lyZaiskd, pot6pddske. . . )
lightwe
cuffs (US) zdloZky kalhot

culottes fkju:rlots, ku'lots] kalho-
gown ['gaun] r6ba; tal6r; dlouhd

spl!vav6 5aty
greyish 5edav5i, naSedly; proSedivdlf
line-dn
linen ['
tov6 sukrE
curious zvdavy; zvidavy

cut out (a garment) stfihnout liitku
na odEv
cut-offs ustiiZend dZinsy
darn Stepovat, ldtat, vyspravit;

zatracene
denim dZinsovina
dotted teekovanj, puntikovy
double-breasted suit dvouiadovy
oblek
gloves rukavice
gymn
gumboots gumovd holinky, gumdky
hankie (infml) kapesnik

hat klobouk
elasticated elastickf, pruZnS?
embroider vy5ivat
carmine ['ku:marn.] karmin
embroidered vySivany; zdobenli
casual l'keSuel] nefbrm6lni, leLemi

change into st pievldci se do nddeho
Iace mask maska na oblidej

(ochrann6, plet'ovd ...)
change out of st vysvldci se z nddeho
faded vybledly
fashionable modemi
fashions m6da
headband delenka
lukewa.
heavy silnli. masivni. pevnj'
mac pld
heavy-duty pevnli, trvanlivli
mackin
maroon
match
materia
mauve
mykane piize
sedici
informal nefbrmiilni
iron Zehlit; Zehlidka
jersey svetiik s dlouhjrn ruk6vem;
triko; nritElnik; fbtbalov!' dres;
cyklistick}i trikot
jockstrap suspenzor
jumper (GB) lehky svetr
jumper (US) Satovd z{stErabez
rukilvri
jumpers (US) dupadky, dEtskd pyZamo vcelku
fl
loud kii
homespun rudnd tkan6 kitka z hrubd
tdrky
loose
Ioosen
dress up as... pievldci se 2a...
cane hfil; r6,koska
loafers
hand-me-downs oddvy po nEkom
ill-fitting nepadnouci, ipatnd
lingerie
lining
dress up obldci se sviitednE
drip-dry pr6d1o, kterd neni tieba Zehlit; vypere se a povdsi, aby uschlo
dungarees (GB) [,da,qge'ri:z] mon-
limegre
^l;A;
handbag (GB) kabelka

handkerchief kapesnik
cagoule (GB) [ke'gu:l] nepromokav6
' Topic-based Vocabulary
legging
goatskin kozi kriZe, kozina, kozinka
hemline dolni lem

herringbone vzor rybi kost
258
leather
crimson karminovy
crocodile krokodyili ftnZe)
dress ddmskd Saty; obldci
check kostkovanf ; pepito

checked kostkovanj; pepito
ki
leotard
hem obroubit, olemovat; obruba, lem
na zapinAni
lace
lapel
drainpipes (coll) trubky
cardigan zapinaci pleten6 vesta; svetr
kalhc
knitwe
vyddl
galoshes galoSe
brooch IbroutJ] broZ

brownish dohndda
buckle piezka. spona
camo(uflage) mask6de
pumtr
knicke
lambsl
heel podpatek; podrazit
calf-length po llitka
sk<
kneeso
floral kvdtinov!
fur [fa:]
cowlneck limec s kapuci
kidskir
anelovd kalhoty
cotton bavlna; bavlndnli

court shoes lodidky
demiho ddmskdho obledeni, krejdi
kerchi,
down jacket pdiov6 bunda
bunda s kapuci
karakr
clasp spona, sponka; piezka; hddek
brassiere (finl) ['breeziee] podpr-
briefs spodni kalhotky, pdnskd slipy
fit dokonale padnout; hodit
Jumpsr
clash neladit, tlouci se (o barv6ch)
crew neck vjstiih ke krku
beaded ['bi:drd] s perlidkami, s ko-
fawn Ifc;n] Zlutohnddj, svdtle hndd!

felt plst
mendin
miniski
mink nr
mittens
moccasi
model
nastinet
necklac
nicknan
nightdr,
nighti
nutria
observa
CLOTHES
hndd!
jumpsuit kombindza
karakul Ikreraku:l] koZeiina jehiat
karakulskd ovce
kerchief 56tek
kidskin krizledi kiZe, kozinka
kilt
im
skotsk6 suknd;
kilt
eStnik
ldn
le
pumpky
knickers (GB) ['nrkez] spodni

kalhotky
knitwear pletend zboZi
lace krajka; tkanidka
lambskin jehnddi koZeSinka, ber6nek;

lapel [e'pel] klopa
leather kriZe
sew [seu] Sit
kalhotky
pants (US) kalhoty
shades (coll) slunedni
brjle
shine lesknout se; Ie5tit
shirt ko5ile
pantyhose (US) puniochdde
shoelace tkanidka
parka ['po:ke] kabrltek po kolena
short-sleeved s kr6tklmi rukrivy
kapuci lemovanou koZe5inou
shorts 5ortky, krat'asy
pattern ['peten] vzor; stiih

pendant piivdSek
petticoat spodnidka
pigskin vepiovice, vepiovii kriZe
pleated skirt ['pli:trd skr:t] skl6dan6
sleeve ruk6v
lightweight lehkli. odleheeny
prriddlko
loose
[u:s] volnli; vypustit
loosen ['lu:san] povolit, uvolnit
loud Kiklavj, ivavj, ndpadnli
lukewarm vla2ny: lhostcjnj'

mac pki5t'do deitd
mackintosh pldSi do deSte

maroon lme'ru:nl ka5tanovj'
match hodit se
material l6tka
mauve Imauv] lila, slabE nafialovdlli
mending spravov6ni, opravy
miniskirt minisuknd
mink norek
kapuci
suknd
plimsolls (GB) ['plrmselz] tenisky;

pletcnd boty
plush IplnJ] ply5r ply 5or y

polish le5tit; krdm
shrink srazit
se
size velikost
slacks volnd kalhoty
slip d6mskd kombind

slip ofT rychle se svleci
slip-ons boty, do kterfch se pouze
vklouzne
slippers pantofle
polka-dot s bilyimi puntiky, puntikovanf, puntikat!

poloneck (GB) rol6k
slit rozparek
snakeskin hadi kriZe, hadinka
polyester polyester, polyesterovj'

(precious) gems drahokamy
spats [spets] psi dedky, ndvleky

speckled kropenaty. stif kany
preshrunk piedsrdZen!, piedepranSi
spectacles, specs Ispekteklz, speks]
prqt-f-porter konfekce
prickly pichlavli, kousavy; popudlivj
pullover (GB) pulovr, silndjSi svetr
spin-dry Zdimat v odstiedivce
obldkanli pies hlavu
pumps pdnskd lakov6 stievice; d6mskd lodidky
sole podr6Zka; podrazit
(dioptrickd) brile
sportswear sportovni obledeni

starch Skrobit;Skrob
stitch 5it, se5it, steh; oko (pii pleteni)
stilettos Istl'leteuz] boty na jehlovdm
model model(ka), manekfn(ka)
purple l'pa:pl] nachor y. purpuror y

put st on obleci si ndco
pyjamas (GB) [pe'd5o:mez) pyiamo
quilted ['kwrltrd] pro5ivanli'
stretch natahovat
nastiness nevlidnost, protivnost
rack (US) vdSrik; piihr6dka; police
striped Istrarpt] pruhovany, prouZ-
necklace l'neklos] n6hrdelnik

nickname piezdivka
raincoat pl65t' do deitd

ready-to-wear konfekdni
rinse vym6chat, propl6chnout; vy-
kovanli
studs fst,ldz] cvodky; n6u5nice jako
mittens pald6ky
: py-
pajamas (US) [pe'd3c;mez] pyLamo

panties (US), pants (GB) spodni
let out vypustit
loafers mokasiny
-z
separates ['seperets] jednotlivd

samostatnd d6sti obledeni, ktere lze
kombinovat
silk hedvdbi
singlet (GB) n6tdlnik, tilko
lining podiivka, vloZka
vem;
paisley ['perzli] kaSmirovy vzor

t;:::j" vinanka s kasmirovlm
leotard ['li:etord] baletni, cvidebni,

gymnasticky trikot
linen ['lrnrn] pliitno

lingerie ['le:n5ari] jemne prddlo.
iedici
pads vycp6vky
parka (US) nepromokav6 v6trovka
:divdlj
hrubd
safety helmet ochrann6 piilba
satin satdn
scarf 56tek; Siila
line-dry su5it na Siriie
ca, lem
sable sobol
kornbindza
sandals sand6ly
hd
iom
overalls (US) montdrky; pracovni
tkany
overshirt voln6 koiile
limegreen Zlutozelenli
rm6ky
round neck kulatli vfstiih
kneesocks fni:soks] podkolenky
leggings kamaie
rzinka
roughly-spun ['r,rfli sp,rn] hrubE
oilskins nepromokavf oddv (napi. pro

rybdie)
knee-length po kolena
vyddland jehnEdi kfiZe

pr6dla
rolled up ohmutj'
off-the-rack konfekdni
overcoat svrchnik, pievlednik, zimnik
knickerbockers (US) ['nrke,bokaz]

'6tinami
ofT-the-peg (GB) konfekdni
moccasins mokasiny
nightdress (GB), nightgown (US),

nightie nodni ko5ile
nutria nutrie
observant viimavyi, pozomy
pl6chnout
rip-zip (coll) suchl;' zip

roll up vyhmoil, vykasat
podpatku
stockings pundochy
strap p6sek, ieminek
knoflidky
stylish stylovy
suede Iswerd] jernn6 hlazen6 kriZe,

semiS
.VOCABULARY.
259
CLOTHES
suit sluSet; oblek
twinset souprava d6msk6ho pulovru

a vesty,
sunglasses slunedni bryle
suspenders (US) 5le

sweater (US) ['swete] silndjSi vlnEnl;'
svetr oblekany pies hlavu
sweatpants ['swetpants] tenkd
tepl6ky
sweatshirt mikina
sweatsuit tepkikov6 souprava
T-shirt tridko
tacky nevkusnyi, kjdovityi, vy5lyf
z m6dy
tailor krejdi
tailor's krejdovstvi
tailor-made Sity na miru
take in zabrat
take up zabrat,zvednout, zkr6tit
obvykle tdZe barvy
umtrrella deStnik
underpants (GB) trenky, slipy (p6nsk6 spodni pr6dlo)
undershirt (US) podvl6kaci trieko

underwear spodni pr6dlo
undress vysvldci se
charity
accountant ridetni
accounting [rdetnictvi
addiction to st z6vislost na nEdeml
narkomanie, n6vyk
velcro ['velkreu] suchy zip
aftershave voda po holeni
velour [ve'lue] velur, tkanina s hus-
agricultural zerndddlsky
t11m vlasem,
aksamit, samet
velvet samet
vermilion Ive'mrlien] rumdlka

vest (GB) netdhik
vest (US) vesta
tawny ['tcrni] hnddoZlutj

tepid vlaZnli, odraZenyi
wool vlna
woollen ['wulen] vlndnli, vyrobeny
z vlny
tie-dyed batikovany (vyvazov6nim)

tiepin jehlice do kravaty
account [e'kaunt] rhdet, konto; zpr6va

account (for) biit zodpovddnj (za);
zprisobit, zapiidinit
address adresa; oslovit
waistcoat (GB) vesta
tie v6zanka, kravata; zavivat
casino I
V-neck vlistiih ve tvaru V, vedko

veil zdvoj
tan svdtlehndd!
tank top vestidka s vystiihem
tape measure (kejdovsky) metr;
(m6iici) p6smo
terry (cloth) ['teri] frot6

thimble[' 0rmbl] n6prstek
WORK & LEISURE
waterproofs obledeni do deSt6

wearer ten, kdo nosi (ndjakd obledeni)
working pracovni
worn-out obnoieny
wristbands ndtepniiky: naramky:
advanced pokrodilj'
svdtlost; otvor, Stdrbina
application (form) piihl65ka (fbrmul6i)

apply (for) podat ZAdost, za26dat;
uchazet
se
apprenticeship udeni, udiiovsk6 ldta

artist um6lec, zvl. malii
attitude lo(wards) sl or sb postoj.
piistup k nddemu nebo ndkornu
autograph ['crte gro:fl autogram;
rukopis dila
tissues ['trJurz;'trsjurz] papirovd

kapesniky
barefoot(ed) bosli
beehive ril: vdelin
zigzag lzrgzagl cikcak, klikatd d6ra;

klidkovat; klikatit se; entlovaci
beekeeper vdelai
trainers tenisky
trenchcoat trendkot, nepromokavli
kab6t
rendy modni. hypermoderni

trousers (GB) kalhoty
t
betting shop s6zkov6 kancel6i

bilingual [bar'l Iq gwel] dvoujazydnf,
bilingv6lni
blackjack (US) jednadvacet (hazardni
hra)
bleary-eyed ['blrariard] ne docela

probuzenli; majici kaln6, zarudld
odi; uslzeny
try on vyzkouset
bloodthirsty [' bl,td,0a:sti] krveladnli
tumble-dry ['t,rmbl drar] usu5it
blue-collar manu6lnE pracuj ici,
tumble-dryer / drier su5idka na
boozer (GB coll) putyka
v su5idce
pr6dlo
delnickli
building society (GB) stavebni
tunic ['tjurnrk] tunika

turn-up collar stoj6dek
f urnups (GBl z|lozky nohavic
busking [b,rskrq] hrani na hudebni

niistroj za penize (na ulici apod.)
turquoise ['ta:kwcrz] tyrkysov5;

turtleneck (GB) ['ta:tlnek] stoj6dek
turtleneck (US) rol6k
tweed tvid
bustling ruSnj, kypici Zivotem

butcher ['butJe] ieznik
camcorder videokamera
carpentry tesaiina; tesaisk6 priice
twill kepr
cartridge n6bojnice, patrona; ndboj

cashier fke'Jre] pokladni, pokladnik
260
china pi
clock in
pichac
cloth [k
coin mir
hodinky
yellowish do 2luta
tracksuit tepl6ky
druh b
cheque
antiques Ian'ti:ks] staroZitnosti

aperture (f-stop) ['apetJe] clona;
tights (GB) pundochovd kalhoty
toiletries toaletni pofeby
chemin-
clock ou
badge odznak, znakl medaile

banknote / bill (US) bankovka
tight tdsn!
rola; o
checkin
(v ban
alternative alternativa
amusing zibavny
wristwatch IrrrstwotJ] n6ramkovd
manzety
zace, (
check (t
spoiitelna
pichac
collector
conscior
Imysh
conscrip
arm6d.
conscrip
sluZba,
counterl
paddla
craftsmr
svdho
craps
hr,
crochet
vAni
current
(v banr
curricul
Ika,rrk
topis
darkroo
day off r
dealer
kr
degree
delibera
zAmdn
developt
dice kosl
die (US)
zemiit
diligencr
tost, pf
disencha
iluzi
doctor d
doctorat
dole (GE
nanostr
doll
pane
doze I dr
WORK & LEISURE
zpriNa
casino Ike'si:neu] kasino

charity ['tJirreti] dobrodinn6 organizace, dobrodinnost
draft (US) povinn6 vojenskd sluZba,

brannii povinnost; koncept
draftee (US) povinnd odvedenyi do

arm6dy
check (US) Lidet, udtenka; Sek; kontrola; odSkrtnout, zatrhnout
dressmaker Svadlena, d6msk6/1i
checking account (US) bdZn! fdet

(v bance)
dressmaking Siti dAmskich Satfi,
krejdi
druh bakaratu
drop in on sb zastavit se u ndkoho na

niivStdvu
cheque (GB) Sek
china porcel6n
clock in oznadit dobu piichodu na
pichacich hodin6ch
clock out oznadit dobu odchodu na

pichacich hodin6ch
il
cloth [kloO] ldtka; utdrka; hadr
na;
coin mince
drowsy ['drauzi] ospalj. m6toZnj

early riser ranni pt6de
education vzddl|ni
elementary zdkladni
elevenses (GB) desdtka, dopoledni
svadina; piesnidiivka
embroidery Irm'brordori] vy5ivka;
vyiiv6ni
collector sbdratel
orat;
consciously l'konJesli] vddomd;

iunyslnd
conscript (GB) povinnd odvedenli do

armiidy, branec
6l6ta
slu2ba. brannd povinrrost

toj,
lu
m;
paddlanli. fale5ny
craftsman iemeslnik, urndlec, mistr

craps hra v kostky s dvdrna kostkami
crochet ['kreuJer] hridkovat; hridkovdni
current account (GB) bdZnf
fiet
(v bance)
curriculum vitae (c.v.)
[ke,rrkjulem'virtar,'varti:] Zivotopls
darkroom temn6 komora

uardni
:ela
drd
eladn!
day off volny den
experience praxe
fail neuddlat, neuspdt

female Zena, Zensky
file poiadad; soubor; sloZka; dokumenty
fill in / out
(a form) vyplnit (forrnul6i)
fixer ustalovad
fluent plynulf
focus ohnisko; zaostiit
forgery podvrh, zfalSovan6 kopie;

paddlek
freelance na volnd noze
full-time
deliberately {imyslnd, schvdlnd,
genuine opravdovf, prav!
z6mmd
na
plnli tvazek
dice kostka; kostky; kriijet na kostky
golden handshake (GB) odmdna ud6len6 vyznamndmu zarndstnanci (pii

propuStdni nebo odchodu, odstupnd)
die (US) hraci kostka; lisovadlo;
go on strike zadit st6vkovat
ebni
diligence ['drlrdSensl pile. pracovitost, piidinlivost
d.)
disenchanted rozdarovanli, zbaveny
iluzi
ladnik
exchange vjmdna; vymdnit
degree akademick6 hodnost, titul
zemiit
6boj
uipment zaiizeni, vybaveni

example piiklad, vzor
dealer krupidr; prodejce
developer vlivojka
ice
nikavost
eq
counterfeit Irkauntefr:t] padelek;
sv6ho oboru
zycny,
employer zamdstnavatel
employment office (US) iiad pr6ce
enlistee dobrovolnik
enterprise podnik; podnikrini; pod-
conscription (GB) povinn6 vojensk6
doctor doktor, lekai

doctorate doktor6t
dole (GB coll) podpora v nezamdstnanostl
doll panenka
doze / drop offusnout, zdiimnout si
tlva
insomniac Irn'somni,rek] osoba

trpici nespavosti
intermediate stiednd pokrodilf
drimskd krejdovstvi
chemin-de-fer [Je'mren de 'fee]
individuality osobitost; individualita

initiative Ir'nrJetrv, r'nrJretrv] inicia-
hard-hat worker stavebni ddlnik

have st on mit ndco don-rluvendho
health insurance, health plan (US),
health scheme (GB) nemocensk6
pojiStdni
hobby konidek, hobby

honeycomb ['h,tnikeurn] pl6stev
hustle ['h,tsl] ruch, shon; spdchat,
honit se
incompetence Irq'komprtents]
neschopnost, nezpfrsobi lost
interview piijimaci pohovor

interviewee dotazovand osoba
in the black blt v plnsu, mit zisk
in the red v dervenfch dislech,
zadluleny
involved anga1ovany
jackpot bank v pokeru; st6le zvy5ovat

vklad aZ do vj'hry
jobless nezamCstnani
journalist ['d3e:nalrst] novindi

knitting ['nrtr4] pleteni
lay offpropustit (dodasnd nebo trvale)
Iaziness lenost
loalhe st
Iaodl mit odpor. averzi

v0di nddemut hnusit si ndco
lottery loterie
male mu2(skj)
managerial manaZersky, vedouci
manual manu6lni, pracujici mkama
nebo tElesnd
mask (CB) kryt oblideje pro vdelaie
military service vojenskd
sluZba
moonlighting (coll) melouchaieni

mortgage ['mc:gld3] hypoteka; zatiZit hypotdkou, zastavit
night shift nodni smdna

obedience Ie'bi:diens] posluSnost
obsession
with st posedlost nddim;
utkvdl6 piedstava
occupation povoliini, zamdstn6ni

odd-jobs piileZitostn6 zamdstn6ni
offi ce-worker administrativn i pracovnik
on income support (US), on welfare
(US), on the dole (GB coll) (Zit)
z podpory. tbyt) na podpoie
on social security (Zit) z podpory (ze
soci6lnich d6vek)
overdraft debetni saldo (poukaz

na d6stku piesahujici hotovost);
dodasny irvdr
overdraw vybrat vic neZje vklad,

piecerpat
overdrawn piederpanyi
or erexposed pieexponovan
oversleep zaspat
overtime priice pies
das
part-time na diistednli rivazek
.VOCABULARY.
261
WORK & LEISURE

passionately zanicend, zarjat'.
v6Snivd
schedule I Jedju:1, 'skedju:l] p16n,

program; rozvrh hodin; jizdni,
letovj i6d
pair ol) scissors ['srzez] nirzky
pastime zabava: hra. sport: rekreace
pattern stiih; vzor; vzorek; model
1a
phone bill irdet za telefon
seamstress Svadlena, Sidka
phoney 1US.t ['looniJ lalesny
set up st zaloLit,
pin Spendlik; kolik; dep

pink-collar tlikajici se povol6ni, kterd
obvykle vykoniivaji Zeny (napi.
zdravotni sestry, sekret6iky)
plumber ['pl.r.me] instalatdr

poker poker (karetni hra)
pontoon (GB) fpon'tu:n] oko, jednadvacet (karetni hra)
precious ['preJes I drahocenny.

vztrcny
predecessor I pri:dr,sese] piedchfidce; piedek
severance pay (US) ['severens]

odmdna uddlend ryznamnemu
zamdstnanci pii propuStdnf nebo
nucendm odchodu, odchodnd
sewing ['seurg] Siti

sewing machine iici stroj
pohlavi; sex
shave holit se, oholit
sex
shortlist zaiadit do uZiiho vlibEru

shortlisted for v uZ5im vybdru
sick pay nemocensk6 (penize)
sickness benefit (GB) nemocenske
priceless nesmimd cenny, neocenitelny
probation period zku5ebni thrita

procrastination
fpreu,krastr'nerJen] ot6leni, v6h6ni, odkl6d6ni povinnosti

professional (e.g. doctor, lawyer)
vysokoikolsky vzddlanf odbornik
(napi. ldkai, pr6vnik)
d6vky
nost, dochvilnost
nosti, kvalifi kace, zpfisobilost
situations vacant (ads) (GB) voln6

mista (inzertni rubrika)
in sp6t dlouho; zaspat
sleepwalk chodit ve spani; bjrt n6m6-
sidnf
sleepy ospalj
sociability ['souJebilatr] schopnost

vychazet a bar it se s lidmi
socialise spoledensky se stfkat; chodit
redundancy payment (GB) odstupnd

tomu, kdo byl propuStEn
re-enlistment (US) dobrovolnd narukov6ni vojdkt v zirloze
specimen vzorek
vzit si nco
reputation povdst, reputace

responsible for st, sb zodpovddnj za
nEco, ndkoho
r6sum6 (US) ['rezju;mer,'rezumer]

Zivotopis
riot nepokoj, povstdni

roulette [ru: rlet] ruleta
sabbatical rodni volno, vddeck6
dovolen6 univerzitniho profesora,
opakujici se nejdiive po Sesti letech
sack vyhodit, vyrazit (ze zamdstn6ni)
do spolednosti
262
answer,
nderexposed podexponovany
zvednc
unemployed nezamdstnany
answerir
unions odbory
answerp
unpaid leave neplacen6 dovolend

vacation (US) pr6zdniny, dovolen6
valuable cennf, hodnotny
vary in st ['veeri] li5it se, odli5ovat se
(@
veil (US) kry oblideje pro vdelaie
busy sigr
vice-versa a naopak
cancel zr
viewfinder hled6dek
cellotape
izolepa
vocation Iveu'kerJen] povol6ni;

posl6ni
zaznafi
at @:
blame
b1
zprisob
coin-ope
volunteer dobrovolnik; piihl6sit
se
dobrovolnd
collect v.
collect c:
volanel
collectior
cordless
cut
waste odpad; pljtvat
oll
fonickd
weaver ['wirve] tkadlec
cyberspa
ticky
weeding pleni
pr
weight v6ha
datalink
white-collar worker iriednik

wiped out vymfcenj
woodwork pr6ce s dievem; vjrobky
denomin
ze dieva
workaholic nef rnomy pracovnik,

dlovdk, kter! nemfiZe
blt
bez pr6ce
worthless bezcenny, zb)'teani

yell iv6t, kiidet, jedet
hodnoti
determin
dial(ling)
Director,
o telefo
Director,
ri,
dar-
dislech
stamp zn6mka; razitko
disconne,
standing order trvaly piikaz

stressful stresujici
earpiece
strike against st, for st stavkovat

proti nddemu, za nEco
suggestion n6vrh, podnEt
suitable for sb vhodnli pro ndkoho

surname piijmeni
swap vymna
swarm [swc:m] roj; rojit se

tailor krejdi; uddlat na miru, na
zakbzku
teller (US) bankovni riiednik (u piep6Zky)
temp piechodnd zamEstnany dlovdk,

vypomoc (obvykl e zprostiedkuje
salary plat
savings and Ioan bank / association
(US) stavebni spoiitelna
waking bddni
rysy; analogie
Ied'hi:
aerogral
trophy trofej ; pamAtnik
similarities podobnd nebo spolednd
recession Irr'seJen] hospod6iskyi

pokles, recese
repossess st [,ri:pe'zes]
zpet
stojan,
statlv
wake (up) with a start n6hle se

probudit
snore chrdrpat
qualifications piedpoklady, schop-
tripod ['trarpod] trojnoZka;
wage mzda
prune proiezat, oiezat (strom)
punctuality l,p,rnktju'relrtil pies-
adhesive
sign on vstoupit do zamdstn6ni a uzaviit zamdstnaneckou smlouvu
sleep
prospects vyhlidky do budoucna
COMN
toy hradka
sideline vedlejii nebo druhd zamdstn6ni
promotion povy5eni; propagace,

reklama
ziidit ndco
timetable rozvrh; jizdni, letovj i6d
agenruraJ
tidy up uklizet; d6t vEci do poiddku
enclosurt
engaged
envelope
excess po
extension
facsimile
fax ffeks
fax sb por
fragile
['1
(oznade
franked
ob6lka
greeting
guarantel
handset
tr
COMMUNICATION
,i6d
COMMUNICATION
lan.
adhesive (postage stamp)
hold the line nezavd5ujte
[ad'hi:srv] lepici (poitovni zn6mka)

aerogramme ['eereugrem] speci6lni
ID (identification card) prfikaz
leteckf dopis, aerogram
ina
lenii
JVAI
SC
answerphone, ansaphone telefon se

zinnamnikem: z|znamnik
interface rozhrani. interface
invention vyn6lez
at @ zavin|t.
blame bft zodpovddny zandco,
zpiisobit ndco
postman (GB) listonoS, po5tovni
issue ['rJu:, 'rsjur] vydat

knighted povlSen do Slechtickdho
postmark poStovni razitko
busy signal (US) obsazovaci t6n
poste restante
dorudovatel
postmaster poStmistr, piednosta
fiadu
collect vybrat
collect call (US) hovor na irdet
log off, log out odhldsit se; odpojit se
printed matter tiskoviny

proof of identity prokdzdni totoZnosti
loudspeaker reproduktor
push-button telephone tladitkovy
volandho
cordless phone bezSifrrovy telefbn
cut off, disconnected pieruSeny (telefonick6 spojeni)
lump sum odstupnd (ednor6zov6

d6stka vypl6cen6 propuitdnym
pracovnikrim)
make a call zavolat, zatelefonovat (si)
cyberspace ['sarbespers] kybemetickj prostor. kyberprostor
datalink dalove spojeni, datovy okruh

denomination nomin6lni, irnenovitd
hodnota
prace
stavu
postcard pohlednice
poste restante (GB) [,peust'r'esto:nt]
letter-box schrdnka na dopisy

v domd, na dveiich; veiejn6 poStovni schr6nka
letterhead zirhlav i dopisu, hlavitka
log in, log on piihLisit se; piipojit se
log into the net piihl6sit se do sitd
collection vybir6ni poStovni schr6nky
ik,
postal rates po5tovni sazby

post-box poStovni schr6Lnka
insure pojistit
coin-operated (fungujici) na mince
'obky
rukopis
inland vnitrost6tni
cellotape prrisvitn6 samolepici p6ska,

izolepa
se
illegible handwriting neditelnf
answering machine zlznamnik
cancel zruSit; orazitkovat (znrimku)
it
totoZ-
nosti; obdansky prukaz
plug into st piipojit se do, k nEdemn

poison-pen letter anonymni dopis
postal clerk poStovni fiednik
postal order (GB) poStovni poukiizka
answer, pick up the phone vzit,

zvednout telefon
(@
afe
hang up zavEsit
determined by st urden nddim
mail (US) poSta

mail-box (US) schr6nka na dopisy
v domd, na dveiich; veiejnd poStovni schr6nka
mailman (US) listono5, poitovni
dorudovatel
dial(ling) tone oznamovaci t6n
mic, mike (infml) [mark] mikrofon
Directory Assistance (US) informace
modem modem
o telefonnich dislech
Directory Enquiries (GB)[dr'rekte

ri, dar-] informace o telefonnich
dislech
disconnect pieruSit. odpojit
mouthpiece mluvitko, mikrofon

telefonniho piistroje
networking vytv6ieni
sitE
(i spo-
ledenskd, navazov6ni profesnich

kontaktfi)
poStovniho
postmistress poStrni strov6, piednostka poStovniho itiadu
precedent ['presrdent, -edent]

r--.li^-.^--^,..lont
Pr!r!u!,,r
telefon
receiver telefbnni sluch6tko; piijimad

recorded delivery (important
letters) doporudend (dtleZit6
dopisy)
registered post cennd psar-ri; doporudend
regulated by sb, st iizen, regulovdr-r

ndkj'm, nddinr
remote microphone / mike pienosny
mikrofon; mikrofon, ktery je soud6sti telefonniho piistroje fie rnoZno
rnluvit z d6lky, ne do sluch6tka)
ringing tone vyzv6nEci t6n
rotary telephone telefon
rough copy [rat'] koncept

: please reply to an
R.S.V.P.
enclosure piiloha
networks sitd
notebook (computer) notebook
engaged tone (GB) obsazovaci ton
operator spojovatel.
envelope obillka
package balik, balidek
scale(s) v6ha, v6hy
excess postage doplatek poStovndho
packet balidek. krabicka 1napi.
seal a
earpiece sluch6tko
extension( number) klapka, linka
facsimile I lak'srmr
li]
f'ax
fax [frrks] fax

fax sb poslat ndkomu fax
fragile ['fradSarl,'fredgol] kiehki

(oznadeni na balicich)
franked enr elope oliankovand

ob6lka
greeting pozdrav; osloveni (v dopisu)

gua ra ntee zaru(.itl' zAr uka
handset telefonni sluch6tko
tel efon ista
clgaret)
invitation prosim o odpovdd'

(z francouz5tiny: repondez s'il vous
plait)
letter zalepit, zapedetit dopis
sealing wax
padded envelope protin6razovd

obdlka
s kruhovllrn
diselnikem
[waks]
pedetni vosk
sellotape prusvitnd samolepici pdska.

izolepa
parcel balidek, balik, zdsilka
sign for st podepsat ndco
partition Ipor'trJen]
sorting office tiidirna (poStovnich
piep6Zka;
piidka, ddlici stdna
zdsilek)
pen-friend, pen-pal zn6mf, piitel

k dopisovdni
philatelist
fi
stationery psaci potieby; dopisni
latelista
papir
phone book telefonni seznam
pillar box (CB) po5tovni

(derven6 ve tvaru viilce)
sound zvuk
schrdnka
stamped addressed envelope (s.a.e.)

ofrankovan6 ob6lka s adresou
string proviizek, motouz

. VOCABULARY.
263
TOWN & COUNTRY

sub-post office (GB) po5ta, zvl. na
venkovE, kterou vede poStmistr
nebo poStmistrovd. kteii jsou samostatnymi zamEstnanci poit
TOWN & COUNTRY

abduct sb undst ndkoho
accident nehoda; autonehoda
subsequent ['s,tbsrkwant] ndsledu-
accused of st obvindn! z nddeho
telephone telefon, telefonni piistroj
acquitted of st zproStdn nddeho

algae bloom I'algi:, 'reld3i:l pie-
jici, n6slednj
mnoZeni vodnich ias
trunk call mezimdstskf telefonickj

hovor
typing psani na stroji, na poditadi
alley ulidka
amber (GB) oranloyit (dopravni
svdtlo)
universe svdt; vesmir
browse / surfthe Internet / web /

net surfovat po internetu
budget rozpodet
burglar zloddj, kter!
culprit
curb (L
okraj
se
vloup6 do
domu
custody
burglary loupeZ, vloup6ni
deal wir
seSnl
busker (GB) poulidni zpdv6k, hudebnik, komik apod.
defence
bypass vndjSi (dopravni) okruh,

obchvat
defend
declare
obhajr
urgent nal6havf; pilnli, spE5n!
ambulance sanitni vfiz, sanitka
carriageway (GB) vozovka, pruh

vozovky
videophone videofon
amusement park z6bavni park,

lunapark
casualties ['kre3jueltiz] ztr\ty na

Zivotech pii dopravnich nehod6ch
defibril
annoy obtdZovat, ruSit,jit na nervy,
cathedral Ike'0i:dral] katedr6la,
detectir
weigh [wer] v62it, zvitiit

window okdnko; okno
vadit
appliance zaiizeni, piistroj, spotiebid
pro dom6cnost
apprehend zadrlet, zatknout, vzit do

vazby
arcade pasd2. prrichod s obchody
arrest zatknout, vzit do vazby; zatdeni, vazba
census ['senses] sdit6ni lidu
change to... piestoupit na...

chapel kaple
dial vyt,
dishone
nepoc
diversio
dock lar
circus (CBt kulati ndmdsti

climbing frame prol6zadka
nutd oblasti
develop
downto'
church kostel; cirkev
backward areas zaostal6, nerozvl-
srdedr
cheat podv6ddt, oSidit
assault n6silnd napadeni, piepadeni
back road vedlejSi silnice

back street bodni, vedlejSi ulice
defendz
charge sb with st obvinit koho z deho
arrested zatden; ve vazbd

avenue alej, 5irok6 tiida
close to st blizko nddeho; t6mdi,

skoro u
collar sb (coll) dopadnout, chytit

nEkoho
mdsta
drain
o<
droughl
dustbin
odpadl
dustcarr
dustmar
banned zakLzany
community durch spoledny, ekumenicky (mezicirkevni) kostel
barrack(s) kasdrna
barrister (GB) pr6vnik, kterj je
embank
con o5idit, obalamutit; obrat
enforcer
oprdvndn vdst obhajobu u vy5Siho

soudu
biodegradable schopni rozkladu

pisobenim mikroorganizmfi
blackmail vydIrat
blame st on st svddEt (ndco) na ndco
blind alley slepri ulidka
bobby (GB coll) strriZnik, policajt
book (US coll) zatknout, uvalit vazbu;
odpadl
confess piiznat, doznat
entertai
confuse zmiist, spldst

contraflow (GB) jizda v obou sm6rech vjednom pruhu kvrlli oprav6m
nebo dopravni nehodd
escape r
conurbation mdstsk6 aglomerace,

soumEsti
conveniences veiej nd toalety

cop (US coll) policajt, polda
extingui
facilitier
sluSen:
fight rva
fire brig
hasidi
fire esca
copper (GB coll) policajt, polda, fizl

courtroom soudni sii
fire extir
cover up zamaskovat
floods zi
bootleg nez6konnd vyr6bdnS;', paSovanj, pir6tsk!; pirAtskii nahrdvka
crescent l'kresent] obloukovitd,

prilkruhov6 ulice
fly-tippi
bottle bank kontejner na ulici pro

sbEr pr6zdnjch lahvi
criminal zlodinec
flyover
crook podvodnik, lump, dareb6k, gau-
forester
vazba
boot (US) botidka (pii zaparkov6ni na

nespr6vndm mist)
boulevard ['burlevord] bulv6r

break down zhroutit se
brewery ['broeri] pivovar
bribe uplatit; uplatek

bribery riplatk6istvi, korupce
bring about zprisobit, piivodit,
piindst
264
d6m, chrdm
cemetery hibitov
vest o
ner; zloddj; profesion6lni zlodinec
crooked streets
['krukrd (GB) 'kruked (US)] kiivolakd ulice
poLdru
odpadr
r
forge ko
fork
roz,
freeway
crossroads (GB) kiiZovatka
frontier
cul-de-sac ['kulde,srk,'k,tlde,sek]
slep6 ulice; slepd ulidka
lunfair:
fuzz (US
TOWN & COUNTRY

lbl
culprit ['k,tlprrt]
pachatel,
vinik
curb (US) obrubnik, obrubni k6men,

okraj chodnfku
do
jewellery klenoty, Sperky
get away utdci, uniknout, uprchnout,
judge soudce
dostat se pryi
declare goods piihl6sit zboZi k procleni
defend hiljit; vystupovat jako obhrijce,

vdst obhajobu
defendant obZalovany
defibrillator piistroj k obnoveni
srdedni dinnosti
elektrickimi Soky
dustcart (GB) vtz na odvoz odpadki

dustman (GB) popel6i, sbdrad
(ume-
odpadkri
embankment (GB) n6bfeZi

enforcement vynuceni, vym6hrini
entertainment zAbava
escape uniknout
me-
extinguish uhasit
facilities vybaveni, vybavenost, piislu5enstvi, zaiizeni
fight rvadka
fire brigade (GB) hasidskt sbor,
hasidi
t, frzl
fire escape nouzovf vlichod v piipadd

poZ6ru
fire extinguisher hasici piistroj

floods z6plavy
fl
^,
k, gau:lnec
lffl-
y-tipping nepovolen6 skl6dka

odpadu
flyover nadjezd
forester lesnik, polesnj, revirnik
forge koviirna; kov6isk6 vjhei
fbrk rozcesti
freeway (US) d6lnice
frontier hranice; pohranidi

r,srek]
give evidence svdddit, vypovidat
funfair zitbavni park, lunapark

fuzz (US coll) policajt, chlupat!
kirk
u soudu
labourer ddlnik
ladder Zebiik
landowner majitel pozemku
a kresby na zdech,
gridlock dopravni ziicpa (vozidla
se
nemohou hnout z mista)
guilty vinen
gurdwara (for Sikhs) modlitebna
sikhfi (dleni indick6 n6boZenskd
sekty)
gutter okap; piikop; stoka

harbour piirodni piistav
headquarters velitelstvi; ieditelstvi
homelessness bezdomovectvi
hooligan chulig6n
hose hadice
hospitalised hospitalizov6n, umistdn

do nemocnice
hosepipe ban zitkaz zaldvdni hadici

(piipojenou k vodovodni siti)
hurt zranit
hydrant ['hardrent] hydrant, vodovodni kohout
hypermarket velkli supemarket,
hypennarket
illegal dumping nepovolen6 skl6dka

odpadu
incinerator Irn'srnererte] spalovna

infl ammable Irn'fl remebl] hoilav!
inner city vnitini mEsto, centrLull
innocent nevinny
in plain clothes v civilu
insist on st trvat na n6aem
inspector policejni inspektor; dozorce; kontrolor
intersection (US) kiiZovatka
in the middle of nowhere tam, kde

1i5ky d6vaji dobrou noc, daleko od
civil izace
involved in st piitornen, [rdasten

nddeho
(Scots) kostel
labour pr6ce; ddlnictvo, pracujici
vjtvory sprejert
graveyard hibitov
odpadky
junction kiiZovatka
jury I d5u(e)ri] porota
kerb (GB) obrubnik, obrubni kdmen,
okraj chodniku
venkovd
dial vytodit telefonni dislo
dustbin (GB) popelnice, n6doba na
silnici
kidnap unest
kidnapper r.inosce
kidnapping fnos
give directions iici, popsat cestu
graffiti n6pisy
nepoctivi
diversion (GB) [dar'va:Jen] objiZdka
dock lavice obZalovanych
downtown (US) stfed mdsta; v centru
niZSf venkovsk6
Slechta; vy55i stiedni vrstvy na
ghetto ghetto
drain odpad, odtok; dren6Z; kaniil

drought [draut] sucho, obdobi sucha
ravilll
gentry ['d3entri]
developed over zastavEny
nrdsta
-rt
get away with vyv6znout, uniknout

potrest6ni, projit kon.ru co
detective detektiv
dishonest Idrs'onrst] nedestny,
z deho
neukdrznEnd piechiizet
(mimo piechod)
gasworks plyn6rna
Crich
a,
vdzeni, vdznice
deal with st vyrovnat se, vypoi6dat
obhajoba
na
jaywalk
custody (vySetiovaci) vazba
defence (GB), defense (US) obrana,
uh
jail
garbage (US) odpadky
se s nddim
rudeb-
gamekeeper hajnf
gaol [d3ell] v6zeni, vdznice, trestnice
lane ulidka, irzkd ulice

lax laxni, nedbal!, nedristednj
lawyer pr6vnik, pr6vni z6stupce,
advok6t
licence povoleni, oprdvndni, licence
litter odpadky
litter-bin (GB) odpadkovyi
ko5
louse, pl. lice veS, v5i
lumberjack (US) dievai, dievorubec

magistrate soudce pro drohne piestupky; srnirdi soudce
manhunt p6treni
manslaughter ['mrn,slc:te] zabiti
(netimyslne)
mayor [mee] starosta
migration stdhov6ni, migrace

minister duchovni, pastor
mosque Irnosk] meSita
mugging n6silnd piepadeni (a okradeni)
mulch materi6l k muldov6ni; muleovat
murder vraZda
museum muzeum
neglected
rea zanedban 6, zch|tralit
d6st mdsta
neighbourhood (US) mdstsk6 dtvrt,

okoli, sousedstvi
newspapers noviny
next to st vedle nEdeho
nick sb (coll) sebrat

opposite st naproti nddemu; protiklad
ordeal Ic:'dre l] marlyrium, rnuka

outsider cizi dlovdk
overcome by smoke piiduSeny, piiotrdveny kouiem
.VOCABULARY.
265
TOWN & COUNTRY

overcrowded pieplndn!, pielidndnf,
reuse znovu pouZit
precpany
rip
sb off {coll ) vzir na hfrl. natdhnout, oSkubat, okr6st n6koho
overpass rnimofroviovli piechod,

nadjezd
overtake (GB) predjet, piedjiZddt

packaging obalovii, balici technika,
baleni
parks parky, sady

pass (US) piedjet, piedjiZddt
passer-by kolernjdouci
patrol boat hlidkovj dlun

patrol car (US) policejni vriz
synagogue synagoga
abbey
T-junction kiiZovatka ve tvaru T
abound
temple templ; chrdm, svatynd (hinduistickri); chrdm BoZiho hrobu

v Jeruzalemd
aisle Iar
row ulice (rovnd)

rubbish odpadky, smeti
rule rozhodnout, vyn6st rozsudek,
terrace (GB) iada domri na svahu

testify sv6ddit, vypovidat u soudu
throw out vyhodit
tip (US)
rundown zchdrraly.
na spadnuti:
vyderpan!
safety bezpednost
klid
perjury ['pe:d3eri] kiiv6 piisaha;
sandpit piskoviStd
sanitation hygiena; ozdravdni
v6dom6 leZ
scared r yd6Seny. r 1 straSeny
pickpocket kapesni zlodEj, kaps6i

pileup (GB) ietdzovii sriiLZka vozidel
plastic bottles plastov6 l6hve
playground hiiStd
skl6dka
scrap-heap (GB) smetiStE, skl6dka

set up postavit; zaloiit, ziidit
sewer [sue] stoka, kan6l
shanty town chudinsk6 dtvrt
toilets toalety
(auto)
podvod
twisting kiivolaky
underground (GB) podzemni dr6ha,
metro
sidewalk (US) chodnik

siren ['sareren] sirdna
skip velky kontejner na odpadky
undeserved nezaslouZeny
skyscraper mrakodrap
sleeping policeman (GB) piidnyi
vandal vandal
pottery hmdiisk6 dilna; hmdiiskd

vfrobky; hrndiistvi (dinnost)
pour [po:] tit, nalit
priest kndz, pastor
prison vEzeni, v6znice, trestnice
prosecutor Zal obce, prokur6tor
prove dok6zat, prok1zat; potvrdit
provincial town provinci 6lni, zao stald mdsto
public veiejnost: veiejni. statni.

mdstsk!, obecni
public conveniences veiejnd z6chodky
pull over zastavit u krajnice; zastavit
priih, retarddr (vyvjSenyi p6s napiid

vozovkou nutici iidide zpomalit
jizdu)
slide skluzavka (pro ddti na hii5ti)
slum brloh, chudinskii dtvrt
smithy kovdma
smuggle paSovat
sneak away vytratit se, vykrdst se
soldier ['sauld3a] voj6k
solicitor (GB) pr6vni poradce, priivni
z6stupce, advokdt
ndkoho
punishment trest; postih

put out a fire uhasit poZ6r, ohei
quaint [kwernt] malebnli; starod6vnf, starobylf
spaghetti junction sloZitj systdm

rr i moirroviiov!ch kiiZovatek
speed bump
/ramp (US) piidnli pr6h,
retarddr
rape zn6silndni; zn6silnit
speeding piiliS rychl6 jizda, piekrodeni rychlostniho limitu
rat krysa; potkan

recruitment n6bor, posila
spread Siiit. Siiit se. rozSiiit se

square ndmdsti
rector far6i, hlava farnosti, pastor;
steal kr6st, ukrdst
rektor
recycle [rir'sarkl] recyklovat
recycled recyklovanj
regulation smEmice, naiizeni, dohled

result in st mit za n6sledek ndco, v6st
k nddemu
266
stolen kradenj, ukradeny
straight on piimo, rovnd

slrelcher nositka pro nemocnd
styrofoam ['starrafeum] polystyren
suburb ['s.tbsrb] piedmdsti
statednym podtem pracovnich sil
underpass podchod, podjezd
letitf;
apprecir
si ndcr
arbor
archaeo
armour
krunfi
Art
Nou
astronol
aurochs
banishnr
bank bit
baptize
uninhabitable neobyvatelny
unintentionally nerimyslnd;
ancient
attractir
undermanned [,,,rnde'mand] s nedo-
pollution znediStCni
port piistav
chod6
['c
altarpie
trial soud
trick podvdst, nap6lit, obelstit;
shoplifter zlodj, ktery; krade v ob-
s chatrdemi
ambit:
altar
arboretr
toxic waste toxickf odpad
poacher ['poutJe] pytl6k

policeman policista, policajt
pollute (water) znediSfovat (vodu)
announ
tow away [teo e'wer] odt6hnout
pavement (US) vozovka, jizdni dr6ha

peace and quiet
SIGH'
abando
road (GB) vozovka,jizdni dr6ha

road works pr6ce na silnicr
robbery loupeZ
roundabout kruhovj objezd
odsoudit
pavement (GB) chodnik
subway (GB) podchod

subway (US) podzemni driiha, metro
Baroque
bezdddnE
vandalism vandalismus
basilica
bastion
ziti, havdt'
vicar fardi, vikdi
battlegrr
battlemr
Beijing I
violence n6sili
belfry
vermin drobnli obtiZnli hmyz, para-
wanted hledanf
warehouse ['weehaus] skladiStE;
prodej ze skladu
waste refrigerants chladici smdsi na
sklddkdch
['1
bell zvor
besiege I
bishopri
breathta
berouc.
waterworks vod6rna
well-kept dobie udrZovan!, pdstdnj
burn dor
width [wId0] 5iika, Siie

winding klikatli ; todityi
Cairo [k;
witness svddek
woodcutter dievorubec, dievai

yellow (US) oran2ovd (dopravni
svdtlo)
popeler
candlesti
castle z6r
catacoml
podzen
cathedra
d6m. cl
cave jesk
certainty
chalet ['J
chancel I
zpravid
ZISTC
chasm
['l
SIGHTSEEING
chivalry ['Jrvelri] ry.tiistvi; rytii-
SIGHTSEEING
metro
skost; rytiistvo
abandon opustit
choir Ikware] kfir, kneZiStd; pdveck!
abbey opatstvi, chr6m pii opatstvi

T
irin-
)u
hu
Cu
abound in, with st oplyvat nddim

aisle Iarl] bodni, vedlejSi lod'chr6mu;
ambit; ulidka mezi sedadly
cobblestone dlai.ebni kostka, kodidi

hlava
fencing Sermov6ni, Serm

Florence ['fl orans.l Florencie
announce oznirmit
appreciate st oceiovat; uvddomovat
colonnade [,ko1e'nerd] kolon6da;
flying buttress ['b,r.tres] opdrnf

oblouk s opdrnlim piliiem, oblou-
bit
si vCdom nddeho
arboreturn
fortifications opevndni
armour ['o:ma] bmdni, pancii,
confessional zpovddnice
fossil zkamendlina, fosilie
conquer st, sb ['koqke] piemoci,
founder zakladatel
zvitCzit nad, podrobit si, dobft ndco,
Nouveau [o: nur'veu] secese
n6koho
astronomical clock orloj

attractiveness privab; piitaZl ivost
consecrated vysvdceny
aurochs ['crroks] pratur
convent Zenskli kl65ter
banishment vypovdzeni do vyhnanstvi
bank bieh
baptize [,brep'taiz] kitit, pokitit
Baroque [be'rok] barokni, barokovj
basilica Ibe'zrhke] bazilika
bastion ['brstien] baita
besiege
berouci dech
;teni
courtyard dvir niidvoii, dvorek
gondolas gondoly
skupiny turistfi; kuryir
cross kiiZ
crucifi x ['krursrfiks] krucifix, kiiZ
crypt krypta, podzemni hrobka
n6kornu
fbr'si:d5] obl6hat
breathtaking ['bre0,terkl4 ] ulasny
courier ['kurie] privodce zahrani(ni
dedicated to st, sb vdnovanli nddemu,
bishopric biskupstvi. diecezc

lsi na
fun races zdbavne zavody. soute2e

Georgian ['d3crd5en,'d3c:d3j en]
date back to / from poch6zet z (doby)
bell zvon, zvonek
dom, chr6,m
certainty jistota
chalet ['Jreler] horskii chata
chancel ['tJo:nscl j oltdmi prostor.
zpravidla odddlenf miiikou, kndZlSIC
chasm ['krezm] propast. rokle, strZ
stromfr
guide prrivodce; vedouci z|jezdu
gunsmith pu5kai, zbrojii; vyrobce

zbrani
haunt [hc:nt] stra5it (kde); pron6sle-
desensitisation Idi,sensrtar'zerJn]
irnava, nez6jem pii prohliZeni pam6tek; znecitlivdni, sniZeni citlivosti
heraldry heraldika; slavnostni

historick6 pompa; erby; piedbdZnd
publicita
destroyed zni&ny
highlands vysoiina. r rchor ina
disaster neStesti
hill-fort pevnost s ochrannymi valy
drop in at (a place) zastavit

v (n6kde)
cave jeskynd
grove hdj. hdjek. lesikl skupina
dovat, znepokojovat
candlestick svicen
cathedral Ike'0i:dral] katedriila,
Gothic ['goOrk] gotickf; gotika
heat horko, vedro
dome kupole, klenba
catacombs ['keteku:mz] katakornby;

podzemni pohiebiStd
georgi6nskf
demolished zbourdn, strZen
burn down vyhoiet, shoiet, lehnout

popelem; vypillit
Cairo [karreu] Krihira
castle z6mek; hrad
fountain fontdna; ka5na; vodotrysk

fresco freska
cultural heritage kulturni dddictvi
battleground bojiStd
battlement cimbuii
Beijing [ber'd3r4] Peking

belfry ['belfri] zvonice
fA.
kovli pilii
font kititelnice, kropenka
footpath stezka, pdiina
conducted tour prohlidka pamCtihodnosti s prfrvodcem
Art
)ara-
strorloiadi
column ['kolem] sloup
compound smds, sloZeni; spojeni
fascination pfivab, kouzio
archaeological archeologickj
krunyi
zdddnd
uhaSeni, vyhasnuti
falconry sokolnictvi
fan vaulting vjiiov6 klenba
ancient ['ernJant] starobylj; stary;,
kulatj'mi dlalebnimi kostkami (tzv. kodidi hlavy)
arboretum [,a:be'ri:tem,,abe'rirtem
sil
clubland mEstsk6 d6st, v niZ jsou

kluby, zejm. v Londjnd
extinction zaniknuti. z6nik, vyhynuti;
cobbf ed vyd ldZddnli
si n6co,
; nedo-
skupina
altar ['cllto] oltdf

altarpiece oltiiini obraz
letitli; starovEkf
1r6ha,
sbor, zejm. chr6movy; tanedni
entrance to ['entrens]vchod do
ethnographic etnografi ckli
evolve from st vyvinout se z nddeho
drawbridge padaci most, zvedaci

most
drop in on sb zastavit
se
se
u nEkoho
dungeon Zal6i, hradni kobka; hlavni

hradni vdZ
eagle-eyed bystrozrakf
earldom Is:ldam] titul, panstvi

hrabte
early rany
embrasure Irm'brerSe] vjklenek
u okna, dveii; stiilna
Empire empfr (sloh)
enhanced by st umocndn, zesilen
nddim
piikopy na vrcholu kopce
historic [hr'stonk] historickf, epochdlni, ddjinnf

historical re-enactment Ihr'stonkel]
zntnomEni historickf ch ud6losti
v dobovlich kostlTrnech (napi. Bitva
u Slavkova)
holy ['heuli] svatj, posvdtny; zbolny

impregnable fortress nedobytn6
pevnost
in the rear of st v zadni dristi nddeho

incfusion ofst zahrnuti, zaiazeni
nddeho
joust [d3aust] ryt(iskf turnaj

karst (the Moravian Karst) kras
(Moravsky kras)
knight fnart] rytii

. VOCABULARY.
267
SIGHTSEEING
lace-making vlroba krajek
late pozdni
lodge (loveckd) chata
lookout tower rozhledna, vyhlidkovii

vE2
mammoth mamut
theme park ['0i:m] turistickd atrakce

v piirodd, napi. skanzen, Disney-
rapids peieje. slapy

rebuilt piestavdnj
through pies, skrz
reference library piirudni knihovna
tiredness rinava
(pouze prezendni)
mansion velk! obytnj dtrm, panske

sidlo. z6mek
Regency ['ri:d3ensi] sloh zaddtku

19. stol. v Britrinii odpovidajici empiru v Evropd (princ regent, George
IV, vl6dl v letech 1811-20)
medi(a)eval stiedovdky
memorial pam6tnik, pomnik
merely pouze, jenom
moat vodni piikop. hradni piikop
regret st litovat nddeho

reliance jistota; dfivdra. spolehnuti
monastery mu2skli k l6Ster

monument pam6tnik
narrow uzk!
nave [nerv] hlavni (stiedni) lod'
pulpit ['pulprt] kazatelna

range from... through,.. to st sahat
od... pies... aZ k... ndden.ru
relic ['relrk] pam6tka, pozfrstatek

remarkable pozorr,rhodny, nevSedni
Renaissance Ire'nerso:ns,
re'nersens] renesance
chrdmu
resent st nesn65et ndco
Neo-Renaissance [,ni:eu ro'nerso:ns,

re'nersans] novorenesandni; novo-
Jil;i::."gotickj.,
novogoricky
niche [ni:J, nrtJ] vjklenek, nika

nunnery ['na,neri] (lit) kld5ter (Zen-
rich in st bohaty na ndco

Rococo rokokovf; rokoko
fkol
overload pietiZeni
package tour / holiday turistick!
zAjezd s programem, jehoZ cena
tilting ryrifskd tumaje s dievci

tomb [turm] hrob, hrobka; niihrobek
tourist fatigue ['tuerrst, 'tc;-,
'turrst fe'tirg] irnava zprisoben6
piiliS ndrodnfm programem pii
pozndvacich cestAch
tourisl informalion infbrmace, turistickd inlbrmaini kanceldi

tournament ['toanamant,'tc:-]
tumaj, kl5ni
acceler:
acceler:
accesso
accomn
aileron
nSich
airborn
tadle;
airbus
aircraft
airliner
pravid
airsick
aisle [ar
tower vdZ; baSta

transept ['trensept,'tro:n-] transept,
piidn6 lod'kostela
alien ['e
tribute to sb uctdni ndkoho
announ
Tudor tudorsk!, tudorovsky; Tudor,

Tudorovec
niini
prohki
Armco
Romanesque [,reumo'nesk] rom6nskf; romdnsky styl
twisty klikat!, kiivolak jr, zat5.&jici
automol
rotunda [reu'tzrnde] rotunda
under reconstruction v rekonstrukci

unique jedinednj
back up
ruins trosky, ziicenina
ski)
objective cil; pldn;
land...
TRAV
scarf, pl. scarves Sdtek; 56la

sculpture ['sk.tlptJe] socha
sculptural group sousoSi
settlement osada, sidliStd
uplands vysodina, vrchovina
vault klenba, klenuti; hrobka, krypta

vehemently siln6, prudce, dfiraznd
Venice Ben6tky
auto(n
backpa<
vatsb
battery
bellhop
pikolil
ventilation vetreni, ventilace
bench
vestry sakristie
bend (G
bendy b
sort out roztiidit
via [vare, 'vi:e] pies, skrz

Victorian viktori6nsky
visit, visitor to n6vStdva. n6vStevnik
paperweight tdZitko
spa ldznd s lecir lirni pramenyl Ir-riner6lni pramen, lddivf pramen
watchtower str62ni v d2, pozorova-
Paris PaiiZ
spire Spidatd vEL, zuLujici se kostelni
zahrnuje v5e
palace ['prehs] pal6c
shell kostra domu, vndjSi zdi, skoiepina
palisade [,paelr'serd] palis6da, ohrada
shrine schr6nka s ostatky; hrob
z kfilfr nebo Zeleznfch tydi
panorama vyhlidka, rozhled do krajiny, panor6ma
svetce; svatynd
veTl Spiika kostelni veZe
parish famost
parkland rozlehly park

pass prfismyk, soutdska, [Zina
passers-by kolemjdouci
pensioner dfi chodce. penzista
pew [pju:] kostelni lavice
pipers dudiici
plague column ['plerg 'kolem] mo-
rovy sloup
porch krytj vchod, piistie3ek;
veranda
portcullis [,pc:t'k,rhs] padaci miiZ

predict piedv(dat
priory ['prareri] pievorstvi (kkister)

priority priorita
prosper prosperovat, vdst si dobie
Protestant protestant; protestantsky
provide with st opatiit nddim
268
stained glass vitr6Z (barevnd sklo

v oknech kostela)
start at st zadit n6kde

statue socha
stay over in... zristat pies noc v...
steeple vdZ; kostelni vdZ ; vysokd
5tihl6 vEZidka; Spidka na vEZi
stop over in... zastavit se (na noc) v...
swarming with st blt plnli nddeho;

hemZici se nddim
sword Isc:d] med; Savle; dyika

take sb round provdst ndkoho
lelevised vysildrn v teler izi
temper povaha; duievni rozpoloZeni;

podr6Zddnost, rozdileni, zlost, vztek
the Highlands Skotsk6 vysodina
theatre ['0rete] divadlo
(deho)
telna
waterfall vodop6d
winding klikatli, kiivolakli, zat|&jici
la
autobu
berth ['t
bicycle
bigotry
zbo2n<
bivouacl
board
st
woodcarver Iwud'korve] iezb6i
boat dlui
zoo lzu:, zuf zoo, zoologick6 zahrada
bonnet
boot (GI
kufr
bow [ba
brake br
brake lir
breakdo
breathal
(na zkr
bridge ('
tek (ve
kormic
briel'casr
brochur
ur]
brc
TRAVEL
Itrakce
TRAVEL
tey-
accelerate zrychlit. zvisit rychlost
accelerator pedril plynu v autd

accessories dophiky; piisl uSenstvi
robek
airborne ['eebo:n] ve vzduchu. v le-
lna
)n
accommodation ubytor irri

aileron ['erlaron] kiidelko na nosnlich plochich letadla
tadle: rozndSenli vzdr"rchem
aircraft le'tadlo. ctadla

airliner dopravni letadlo (leitajici
I
na
airsick trpfci nevolrrosti v letadle

aisle [arl] ulidka mezi sedadly
ânsept
alien ['erlrcn,'erljcn] cizi. zahranidni, odtiSnl;'; cizinec; vetielec
ndor.
ejici
ilrukci
announcement ozndmeni; hl65eni;

prohlii5eni
Armco (GB) svodidlo

automobile (US) ['c:tame,bi:l
:Znd
canoe Iko'nu:] kiinoe

kapitiin
car (GB) vagon. Zeleznidni vfrzl auto

caravan 1GB) ['kerevren] obytnli
cargo ship ['ko:gco] nrikladni lod'
carriagc (GB) osobni 2eleznidni
vagon
chain ietez
chalet (GB) ['Jele r] horsk6 chata;
salaS. horskd boLrda
chambcrmaid pokojsklr
J
auto(rnobil)
back up (US) couvat, jct zp6teakou

backpack (US) batoh. ruksak; cesto'n,at s
irypta
campsite tdbofiStC, kenrp, autokenrp
piivds
plavidelne lince)
.l
cabin (US) chata; bouda. chy5e

caboose (US) [ke'bu:s] sluZebni virz
(vlakLr); lodni kLrchynd
captain ['kreptrn. -ton] hlavni pilot;
airbus airbus (velke dopravni letadlo)
turis-
broken line pieruSovand ddra

bumper n6raznik (u automobilu)
bunk (bed) patrove lfriko
change down zaiadit nizif rychlostnf

stuperi, podiadit
change up zaiadit vy55f rychlostni
stupei
change up or don'n iadit nahorr"r nebo
batohem
batterr' l'hrtt c tril balclic

bcllhop (US) hotelovlt posiidek;
pikolik
bench lavidka. sediitko
bend (GB) zat{eka
bendy bus housenka; kloubovy

autobus
doltr
charter proniijenr lodi nebo letadla
contraflow docasne pievedeni dopravy do protdiSihojizdniho pruhu
corridor chodba; letecky koriclor

couchette [ku:'Jct, ku'Jct] lehritko
(r,e vlaku)
crane (on the quay) [ki:]jcir'rb (na
piistavni hriizi)
crossroads (GB) kiiZovatka; rozcesti
cruise liner. cruise ship v!'letni lod'

cruise [kru:z] vyletni plavba lodi
(z mista na misto)
curb (US) [k::b] obrubnik; okraj

chodniku
curve (US) [ka:v] zatridka

decelerate zponralit, sniZit rychlost
deck paluba
delayed zpolddny
derrick (on the ship) otocny jer'rib
(na lodi)
destination misto urdeni, cil ccsty
DETOUR (US) [rdi:tuo, 'di:tur]
objiZd'ka
diner (US) ['darna] jidelni vfrz; malii

levne restaurace
disembark (US) [,drsrm'bo:k]

r"ylodit se; vystoupit z dopravniho
prostiedku
check in piihldsit se pii piichodu

(v hotclu, na letisti)
DIVERSION. (GB)
Idar'va:Jen, dr'v::r-] odklondni
check out odejit a zaplatit (v supermarkctrr, v hotelu)
diverted to... [dar'va:tid, dr'va:r'tid]
checklist iplny seznanr
dopravy. obji2d'ka
(letadlo) odklondno na
piist6nf)
(ini
mf sto
dvnik
berth ['ba:O]lfr2ko (na lodi. ve vlaku)

bicl'cle jizdni kolo
choke [tJauk] sytid karbur6tonr

climb Iklarrn] ldzt; stoupat
dock dok. nrolo

dock at... leZet v piistavu. u piistavni
lva-
bigotry ['brgctri] bigotnost; piehnanf
clover-leaf j unction
['kleuvoli:f 'd5.r4kJcn] mimoirrov-
domestic flight vnitrostdtni lct
zbo2nosl
dcej
ici
rahrada
bivouacking ['br vr"rrckr11] bivakovdni

board stravovdnf I paluba
iiovd kir2ovatka
hrAze; zajet do doku
doorman vrdtny v hotelu (r' livreji)
drive-in (US) rcstaurace. kino. banka.
boat dlun
clutch Ikl,rtJ] spojka

coach IkeutJ] drilkovli autobus, autokar; vagon, Zeleznidni vfiz (CB)
bonnet (GB) kapota
cockpit kabina pilota. sedadlo iidide
driveway soukromii piijezdold cesta
boot (GB) z.avazadlovy prostor v autd,

kufr
come across st, sb narazil na ndco.
bow [bau] piid', piedni d6st lodi

brake brzda
commissionaire Ike,rn
brake liquid / fluid brzdovii kapalina

brcakdown porucha, def'ekt. havdrie
breathalyser ['bre0elarza j bal<inek
commute [ke'rnju:t] dojiZddt pravi-
(na zkouSku alkoholu v
krvi)
bridge (where the helm is) rnirs-
nEkoho
commuter dlovdk pravidelnC doj iZdd-
jici do prdce
compartment kupd
condenser kondenzdtor
kormidlo)
conductor pr0voddi
brochure ['breuJe, brculjue, brou'J
ur] broZura, reklarnni let6k
nea]
delnd do prrice
tek (velitelske stanoviStd. kde.je

briefcase aktovka; kufiik
rJa'
vrdtni hotelu, kina. barul portyr
congested I ken'd3est rdl zacpany;

piehuStdnli; pieplndnf
consulate ['konsjulet] konzuldt
prodejna urdenii pro motoristy, ktc-fi

zfrstanou sedet ve vozidle
k domu
duty-free osvobozeny ocl cla. bezcelni

economical hospoddrny. usponr!
embarkation nalodeni. nalo2eni;

vstr,rp do
lodi. letadla
embassy velvyslanectvi, ambasdda

engine lokomotiva; lrotor
exceed Irkrsi:d] piekonat. picsiihnout,
piekrodit
exit ['eksrt, 'cgzrt] vjchod; vyjezd

z ddlnicel vyjezd ze zemd
fare If-ea] jizdne
fatal to str osudnli pro ndkolro

fender (US) n6raznik (u automobilu)
. VOCABULARY.
269
TRAVEL
ferry (boat) pievoz, trajekt
fill
high season hlavni sez6na

highway silnice; ddlnice, rychlostni
up (US) nabit (baterii)
fl
hijack
ap starlovaci, piistiivaci klapka
flyover nadjezd
flysheet tropiko (tropickri stiecha
stanu)
pem
Ibglights svdtla do mlhy; mlhovky

footpump noZni hustilka
fork rozdvojeni
hitchhiker stopai
hold n6kladovy prostor (v lodi,
v letadle)
cest, rozcesti
fork junction kiiZovatka ve tvaru Y
holdall velk6 cestovni taika, objernn6
freeway d6lnice
freight train (US) [frert] nrikladni
vlak
funnel ['f,ual] komin (lodi, lokomotivy, ...;
kabela
vzn6Sedlovd lod'
hug sevieni v n6rudi, objeti; objimat

hull trup lodi, letadla; korba tanku;
kostra bal6nu
hydrofoil | 'haldreofrrll kridloi
iglt)
gas (US) benzin, pohonn6 hmota;
plynovy ped6l; plyn
immigration pii stdhovalectvi, imigrace
get into a slide / skid dostat smyk

glass-calm velmi klidne moie bez vln
(jako sklo)
indicate oznaiovat, d6vat znameni,

signalizovat
indicator (GB) ukazatel sm6ru, blinkr
train (GB) n6kladni vlak
inebriated Ir'ni:briertrd,r'nibri,ertrd]
grease namazat; usnadnit, ulehdit,
stiect
pickup
viz;
pileup
pilot pi
pitch hr
platfon
plug za
pole tyt
pollutic
port pii
porter r
porthol
v bokr
manager ieditel, manaZer
pothole
mast steZefi, stoZiir
prejudi
Mediterranean (the)
[medite'rernien] Stiedozemi; Stie-
mirror zrcadlo
dlun, moiskii raketa

igloo tent samonosnli stan (ve tvaru
gar62
mistnost
dozemni moie
hut chata, bouda
garage (GB) [ge'rc:3, 'garo:3, 'grer

id3] sen is. autourobilovd oprar na.
dilna; deryacf stanice se servisem;
lounge [aund3] hala; spoledenskil
kolikir)
hovercraft ['hovakro:ft ] vzn65edlo,
gangway chodbidka, ulidka; mlistek

na lod'
Iollipop lady man (GB) osoba piev6ddjici ddti pies ulici

look out onto mit vyhled na (pokoj)
lorry (GB) n6kladni auto
(napi. k zatlouk6ni stanovych
hostage l'hostrdg] rukojmi
lod'
pravidelnd dopravni letadlo
mallet ['mrelrt] dievdnri palidka
horn klakson, houkadka
gangplank ['gre4plre4k] mfrstek na
liftboy hotelovli poslidek

limousine l,l rmo'zilnl limuzina
liner pravidelny (zaocednsky) pamik;
maintenance udrZov6ni, irdrZba
hood (US) kapota, kryt motoru
fuselage ['lu:zalo:5] trup letadla
goods
piepadnout a undst (dasto pod
hrozbou zabiti rukojmi)

hike chodit na pd5i viilety, pdstovat
turistiku
hitchhike stopovat; jezdit (auto)sto-
kiidla
penkni
pentho
lifeboat ziichrannll' dlun
komunikace
first-aid kit pifrudni ldk6midka
license plate (US) stritni pozn6vaci

zna(ka,SPZ
motel [mou'tel] motel

motorcycle motocykl
motorway (GB) d6lnice
mudguard blatnik
multipfe crash hromadnA sr62ka
piedpr
pull aw
pull ove
pup ten
purser I
pushbil
put on t
quay (si
(umdlr
rail
kole
notice ozn6meni, vyhl6Ska; upozorndni, varov6ni, v1i'straha
raingea.
numberplate (GB) st6tni pozndvaci
reckless
znadka (automobilu)
registra
oblique [eu'blirk] lomitko

odometer (US ) [ct-r'domrta] poditad
mil (kilometrfi)
rescue
off-season mimo sezonu
reserve(
return t
reverse
handlebars iiditka
intrusive dotErn!, neodbytn!; ruSivf

jack zveddk, hever
junction kii2ovatka
overcharged pieti2eny; piedraZenj

overdrive zrychlujici pievod v automobilu
overheat (in heavy traffic) piehi6t se
(v silndm provozu
overlook st s vj'hledem na (pokoj)
harbor (US), harbour (GB) piirodni
kerb (GB) obrubnik, okraj cliodniku
road (G;
overpass piechod; nadjezd
label oznadit niilepkou, oznadit;
overtake (GB) piedjet, piedjiZdCt
roadsidr
silnici,
pannier ['prenio] velk6 sedlov6
roll
(formal ) opilli
napomoci
insurance pojiStdni
intersection (US) kiiiovatka
greasy spoon (coll) putyka
gridlock dopravni z6cpa (vozidla
se
nemohou hnout z mista)
interstate (US) ddlnice

intoxicated (formal) pod vlivem
groundsheet samostatn6 nepromo-
alkoholu, opilli
kav6 podl6Zka (stanu)
guard (GB) prrivoddi

gutter strouha, Skarpa
piistav
hatchback auto s dviiky kufru ote-
virajicimi
n6lepka
se nahoru a s prostorem
kufiu neoddElenym pevnou piep62kou od prostoru pro cestujici

haze opar; lehk6 mlha
headlights piedni svdtla, reflektory

heavy traffic silnj' silnidni provoz
(heli)copter vrtulnik, helikopt6ra

helm (steering wheel) kormidlo,
konnidelni p6ka
land piist6t
Ianguish ['lirqgwrJ] ochabnout; nyt,
melancholicky se divat
launch vyhlidkovy motorovy dlun;

zahitlit
lay-by tGB) roz3iiend krajnice pro
nouzov6 parkov6ni; odstavn6 plocha; odpodivadlo
layover pieruSeni jizdy, piest6vka na

ceste
helmsman muZ u kormidla, kormi-
delnik
270
licence povoleni, opriivndni, licence

braSna motocyklu
pass (US) piedjet, piedjiZdEt
zna(kt
request
jizdenl
rigging
oplach
houl
osy
passenger train osobni vlak
roof stie
roof-rac
passport cestovni pas

pavement (GB) chodnik
RORO
pavement (US) vozovka, jizdni drdha

pedals ped6ly
pelican crossing ['pehkan] piechod

se signalizaci a tladitky pro chodce
5e auta
(
nriklad
doprav
(auto n
rotor ['r
vrtulni
TRAVEL
penknife viceirdelovli kapesni nfiZ
vacl
penthouse luxusni ubytov6ni pod

stiechou; n6stavba; atelidrovj byt
pickup maly otevienj dod6vkovy
viz;
lamik;
P'"'*
okoj)
rsk6
a
a
rnald ndkladni auto
plug zapalovaci svidka
sail plavit se; plachtit; plachta
pole tyd
seasick trpici moiskou nemoci
pollution znediStCni
port piistav; levobok
porter nosid; vr6tny
seat sedlo, sedadlo (u dvoustoplich
deSte
reckless bezohl ednii, nezodpovEdny
request stop zastdvka na znameni
jizdenka
solid line pln6 d6ra

spaghetti junction Ispo'geti] sloZit!
systenr mimoiroviiovych kiiZovatek
spares ndhradni dily
speed zrychlit; rychlost
speed
limit povolend rychlost
speed up zrychlit, zv5iSit rychlost

speedin g piekradov6n i povolend
rychlosti
reverse (GB) couvat
speedometer Ispi :'dornrte] rychlomCr, tachometr
rigging ['rrglq] vystroj lodi; lanovi;
spokes hvdzdicovd dr6ty jizdniho kola
road (GB) cesta, silnice

roadside restaurant restaurace pii
silnici, motorest
roll houpat se (o lodi) kolem poddlnd
roof stiecha
roof-rack nosid, zahrddka na stfeSe
auta
RORO (roll on, roll off) ['reureu]

n6kladni lod'nebo trajekt pro
dopravu n6kladnich aut s n6klady
(auto najede a sjede)
:chod
rodce
smuggle pa5ovat
osy
i drdha
pl6n
slippery road kluzki vozovka
oplachtovdni; pifprava lodi k plavbd
shuttle kyvadlov6 doprava; raketo-
quay (side) ['kir(sard)] nfrbiei|'
return ticket (GB) zp6tedni listek,
1eI
ship lod'
sleeper
reserved rezervovany; zamluveny
roi)
zat6(ka
sheet plachta
put on the brake brzdit
rescue boat zdchranny dlun
se
sit facing the engine / backwards

seddt po / proti smEru jizdy
sharp bend (GB), curve (US) ostr6
sidewalk (US) chodnik

skid smyk; dostat srnyk
znadka, SPZ
hi6t
semi n6vds
pushbike (GB) jizdni kolo
registration number st6tni pozn6vaci
auto-
ndkoho
self-catering s vlastnim stravoviinim
pull away odtdhnout

pull over zastavit u krajnice
raingear obledeni do
teny
run over sb srazit ndkoho, piejet
vozidel)
rail kolejnice, kolej
rtitad
rudder ['r.tde] kormidlo; smdrovka
platform n6stupiStd
(umdld) pffstaviSte
ivaci
ruksak
saddle sedlo, sedritko; osedlat
pup tent pochodovi stan

purser lodni hospod6i, pokladnik
)zor-
rucksack (GB) ['r,r.ksrek] batoh,
ruins trosky, ziicenina
piedpojatost
ia
listek, jizdenka
pileup (GB) ietdzovd srdZka vozidel

pilot pilot; lodivod; kormidelnik
pitch houpat se (o lodi) z piid1 na zid'
porthole (window) kruhovll' otvor

v boku lodi, letadla (okdnko)
potholer jeskyi6i, speleolog
prejudice piedsudek, zaujatost,
i Stie-
round-trip ticket (US) zp|retni
rotor ['reute] rotor;

vrtulniku
nosn6 vfiule
spotlight reflektor (kuZelovli); ostrd

svdtlo
staff zamdstnanci, pracovnici, person6l
standpoint stanovisko, hledisko

stateroom luxusni soukromd kajuta;
vliidni sal6nek na n{draLi
steering wheel volant; kormidlo
stern zadni d6st lodi, zrid'
steward stevard
stewardess letuSka
stickshift (US) iadici p6ka
stop zast6vka, pieru5eni cesty; zast6rvka, stanice
subway (GB) podchod

subway (US) podzemni dlriha
suitcase kufr
suite Iswi:t] apartmd (v hotelu)

sunroof posuvn6 stiecha
superstructure n6stavba
swimwear plavecke oblecerri
T-junction kiiZovatka ve tvaru T

tachometer (US1 otdikornir
tailgate sb (US)jet v z|vdsu za
ndkym
taillight (US) koncov6 (brzdovd)

svdtlo
take offvzldtnout, odstartovat, vmest
se
tandem sedadla za sebou

tentpeg stanovj kolik
tire (US) pneumatika

toilet articles toaletni potieby
tollroad (GB) ['teulreud] tollway
(US) silnice, na niZ se vybirii m5ito,

poplatek
toolkit bra5na na n6iadi; souprava

n6iadi
touch down piistrit; piistrini
towbar ['teubo:l tazna tyd

towel rudnik, osu5ka
towin g z6vEsnd zaiizeni
trailer piivds
travel light cestovat na lehko (bez
zavazadel)
trek pdstovat pdii turistiku v piirocld

truck (US) n6kladni auto
trunk road hlavni silnice

trunk (US) kufr, zavazadlov! prostor
tube (the) (GB) metro, podzernni
d16rha
tug vlednii lod', remorker; vledni

letadlo; vlednd lano
turbulence ['ta:bjolens] turbulence.
viiivost; neklid, vzruSeni

turnpike (US) ddlnice. na niZ
se plati
poplatek
twisting country lane klikat6 venkovsk6 cesta
underground (the) (GB) metro.

podzemni drdha
underpass (US) podjezd, podchod
under the influence ofpod vlivem

unexpectedly neodek6vane
van dod6vka; n6kladni vagon
vehicle vozidlo; dopravni prostiedek
vending machine prodejni automat
verge on st [va:d3] hranidit s nddim;
blit na pokraji nddeho
. VOCABULARY.
271
FARMING
vessel
I'vesol] plavidlo. lod'; letadlo,
vzducholod'; n6doba
view of vlihled na
voyage ['vcrrdS] cesta, plavba
wagon Zeleznidni virz, vagon (US);
otevieny n6kladni vagon (GB);
dod6vkovj viz, dod6vka, stejSn,
kornbi
wagon-lit spaci virz, hiZkovli viz

walk (in the hills, etc.) jit, chodit (po
horrich atd.)
FARMING
famine ['fzemrn] hladomor, hlad

farm-labourer zemEddlskli ddlnik
farmer sedl6k, hospodii, f'arm6i,
abyssal Ie'brsl] hlubinny

allotment parcela; pozemek
zerndddlec
arable land orn6 prida

baler balikovad sl6rny
bark Stdkat; 5t6kot; kfira stromu

barley jedrnen
barn stodola
battery farming chov drfibeZe
bee vdela
windscreen wipers stErade

windscreen (GB) piedni sklo motorovdho vozidla
windshield (US) piedni sklo rnotoroveho vozidla
wing kiidlo; blatnik auta

yacht Iot] jachta
YrELD (US) Lji:ldl DEJ PREDNOST V JIZDE
billy-goat kozel
bitch f'ena; potvora, mrcha
bleat bedet, medet (ovce, koza)
boar divod6k, kanec
bray hlkat
leaf, pl.
fertile ['f-e:tarl,'fstel] rlrodnS;, plodn!

fert if isers l' fz:ularzazl hno.j iva
livestoc
loose br
lorry ((
buzz fbr,zf bzui.et
gander ['ganda] houser

gelding ['geldrrl] valach
goose, pl. geese husa
castrated vykastrovan
cattle dobytek, skot
champion piebomik, mistr, vitdz
cluck kvokat, kddkat (slepice)

cock(erel) (GB) kohoutek, rnladl;
kohout
colt fkeult] hiibd, hiebedek

t'ovat, znedistit
coop kurnik, klec pro drubeZ
corn obili
corn (US) kukuiice
cornfield obilnd, kukuiidne pole
cow krdva
croak sKehotat; kr6kat; kv6kat

destructive nidivj, destmktivni
domesticated ochodenli, zdom6cndl
donkey [do4ki] osel

drake kader
duck kachna
duckling
k6Ldrltko
ewe
ovce
Iur]
mioul
mistrea
monocu
mouse,
or
mucksp
hnnie
graze past se
mulchin
gr azing pastvina, pastvisko
nanny-g
groundwater spodni voda
neigh [n
nitrates
hare zajic
oats ove
harmful Skodlivj
orchard
harrow brdny
overpro
hay seno
dukce
ox, pl. o
haystack kupka sena
paddocl
he-goat kozel
parasite
hee-haw hfkat
pasture
heifer ['hefel jalovice

henhouse kumik
pathwal
hoot houkat; hudet
cricket cvriek
meadov
miaow
grain elevator (US) silo, sfpka
hog (US) prase, vepi
cowshed kravin, chlev
mare kl
sel
hiss sydet
cowman kovboj; rander (US)
(i
muck
harvest Znd, uroda; sklizet irrodu
contaminateIkenrtaemlnelt] zneeiS-
maize
manor
mow
grunt chrochtat, vreet, brudet
apod.)
(machir
gosling ['gozh4] house

grain zrno, zrni, obili, p5enice (US)
grapes hrozny
chicken coop kurnik

chirp ItJs:p] Svitoiit, cvrlikat
clean up (US) vykydat, vydistit (st6j
leak do
field pole
frogZi}a
leachin
filly ['fili] mlad6 klisna

foal [feul] hribd
neho vybdhu
carcass ['ko:kes] mr5ina, zdechlina
272
I'erret fretka
free-range eggs vejce od slepic z vol-
calf, pl. calves tele
ladder
lamb ['
lay eggr
Zovini
bull bfk
bullock (GB) vnl, vykleStdnj bfk
cage klec
kid kriz
kitten I
farmhouse farma, statek

I'armyard dvfir statku
feed krmit
foreman mistr, pied6k

lbrest les
fowl drubeZ; slepice; kuie
breeding pEstov6ni, chov; rozmno-
kennel,
cemu)
pellets
_u
pear tre'
pesticidr
stiedel
hops chrnel
pests Ski
hormones hormony
pick sbir
pig prase
horse kfri
horseshoe podkova
pigsty pr
hum hudet; bzudet; vrdet; broukat si

hutch kr6lik6rna, kotec
pigeon
piglet
illegal nezdkonny. nelegdlni
plough (
irrigation zavlaiov 6ni
plumage
se
FARMING
d
kennel, doghouse (US) psi bouda
lik
kid kfiz1e; ditd

kitten kotC
r,
pony ponik
potato brambor
poultry drribeZ
ladder Zebiik
purr [pa:] piist
lamb ['lrem] jehnd
pussy(cat) kodka, iida
lay eggs snd5et, kliist vejce
quack [kwekl kdchat. kvdkat (ka-
z vol-
(US)
L
leaf, pl. leaves list, listek

leak down prosakovat
livestock dobytek
quest for st p6trAni po nddern, hleddni
rake hr6bd; hrabat, uhrabat
vine Ivarn] vinn6 rdva; popinav6
loose box st6ni pro konE
reap Lit, Znout, kosit, sklizet
lorry (GB) n6kladni
recklessly bezohlednd
cena)
ram beran
auto
vinegar ['vrnlga] ocet (vinnj)
vineyard l'r rnjc:d. -jcd] vinice
(machine)-milk doj it (strojovd)

maize (GB) kukuiice
recklessness bezohlednost
manor panske sidlo, z6rnedek
roots koieny
mare klisna
runoff deSt'ov6 voda, zvl. piivalovii

vymjvajici Ziviny
wheat p5enice
whine kiudet, kiourat
rye Zito
whin ny zar26t, zai ehtat (radostnd)
miouk6ni
mistreat Spatnd zachezet, tirat
salivation ['saLveIJen] slindni

scattering rozptylov6ni
yap iiafat, bafnout, Stdkat
monoculture monokultura
mouse, pl. mice myS
scythe Isar6] kosa
rooster (US) kohout
meadow ['medeu] louka

miaow [,mi:'au] miau; miioukat;
seedbed z6hon piipravenli k seti;

semeniStd
mow sekat, Znout, kosit

muck out (GB) vykydat, vydistit
muckspreading hnojeni, rozhazov
seep down prosakovat
ini
mulching muldov6ni
nanny-goat koza
neigh [ner] rZ6t
nitrates Inartrarts] dusidnany, nitridy
oats oves
orchard ['c:tJed]
sad
overproduction nadvyroba, nadprodukce
she-cat kodka
she-goat koza
shear sheep stiihat ovce
sheep, pl. sheep ovce
shortage of st nedostatek nddeho

silo (GB) ['sarloo] silo
sing zpivat, cvrlikat
sla
slau
ghter p or 6Lka; zabiti

ghtered zabity, poraienf (doby-
tek)
ox, pl. oxen vfil
snake had
paddock vlibdh pro kond; padok

parasite ['peresart] parazit, piiZivnik
pasture pastvina
soil ptda, zem; zeml
pathway cesta, chodnik; cesta (k nd-
squawk Iskwc:k] skiehotat, vieitdt
cemu)
rkat si
rostlina
vixen liika (samice)

watchdog hlidaci pes
wetland mokiina, baZina, Inoiiil
hnoje
lu
tomcat kocour
top-dressing svrchni hnojeni, hnojeni
na list
topsoil horni vrstva pfidy, ornrce
tractor traktor
turnip tuiin, vodnice
twitter Svitoiit, StEbetat, cvrlikat
leaching vyluhovdni
rlodny
subsidy, subsidize dotace; dotovat
sow Isau] svin6, prasnice

sow seeds Iseo] sit, zasit semena
(pt6k)
pellets granule, pelety
squeak kvidet, piStdt
pear tree [pee] hruSen

pesticide ['pestrsard] pesticid, prostiedek k hubeni hmyzu
squeal Iskwi:l] iidet, vie5tdt

stable st6j
pests Skridci
stallion hiebec
pick sbirat, trhat (kvtiny, ovoce)
steer (US) mladli vtil, blidek
pig prase, vepi

pigsty prasedi chlivek
store skladovat
pigeon holub
piglet sele
plough (GB) [plau] pluh; orat
plumage ['plu:mrd3] opeieni, pera
stack stoh; kupka
straw sldma
stubble ['st,rbl] strniStd, stmisko
(pole i vousy)
stud hiebec (pien. sexu6lnd aktivni

jedinec)
sty chliv, chlivek
. VOCABULARY.
273
CLIMATE
extreme extrdmni; nejvy5Si stupei,
mira
CLIMATE
aerosol aerosol
filtration fi ltrov6ni, fi ltrace
albedo Iel'bi:deu] albedo (mnoZstvi

slunedniho svdtla odr6Zejici se zpEt
do vesrnfru)
fleecy pokrytSi ber6nky
flood potopa, zirylava, povodei;

zaplavit
anemometer vdtromer, anemometr
April showers dubnovd pieh6nky
flooded zaplavenli
arid ['errd] suchli, vyprahlj;
flurry of snow
sucho-
asterisk hvdzdidka (*, grafick6 znadka)
authorities fiady
avalanche ['eve,1o:nJ] lavina, piival
barometer tlakomdq barometr
beat down pra2it, pr{t (slunce); lit
(ddsf)
blizzard blizard (sndhov6 bouie)

blow lbukat; siln! vitr
blustery (day) bouilivj, vdtrny (den)
boiling Zhavy. horky
breeze v6nek, vdtifk; vdt
de5tivli
n6h16 rnetelice,
piival
outlook for... piedpov6d' na...
fossil fuel fosilni palivo (uhli, ropa,

zemni plyn)
overflowing pietedeni, vyliti

oxygen kyslik
freezing point bod mrazu

frosty mrazivy, ledovli, ledov6
studenj
get sunburned / sunburnt sp6lit
packed snow nafoukany, ztvrdlf,
overcast zatazeno
udusany snih
na slunci
ghastly [' go:stli] stra5nf, hroznf,

piiSem!
glare ostrd slunedni svdtlo, prudkd
slunce
breezy svdZi
nimbus ['nrmbes] nimbus (de5t'ovj'
flying ldt6ni, cestovdni letadlem

foggy mihavf; mlhavo
se
snowstl
soaked
squall
steady
storm t
storm
ndkan
oblak)
sndhu
pdmy, nez62ivny
mist lehkd mlha, opar

misty mlhavo
nitrous oxides ['nartras'oksardz]
oxidy dusiku
moderate ['moderet] mirnl;
moist vlhky, provlhlf, mimd mokry;;
stratosl
stratus
oblakr
sultry I
sulphur
['s,tlfl
sun-stn
sunburr
plague [plerg] suZovat, triipit
suntan
prompts n6povEda
swollen
pour [pc:]
1it, prudce pr5et;
nalit,
nasypat
tailwinc
smeru
powdery snow prachov! snih

rainbow duha
tempen
tempest
brolly (GB) paraple, de5tnik
globe zerndkoule, gl6bus, koule
raindrop
burst pipes praskld potrubi

CFCs (chlorofl uorocarbons)
gravify pii ta2livost, zen'skit ti\e
rainstorm bouie doprov6zenri lij6kem
thermor
greenhouse effect sklenikov! efekt
rainy
threat Il
gusty n6razovlf, prudkli (vitr); vdtrnyi,
rationing piiddlovy systdm
[,si:ef'si:z] lreony
chan geable
chilly chladnli, studenli, rnrazivj; prochladlli, zkiehl 1i ; hruzn1i, nahrindj ici

husi kfrZi
zdvojovitli oblak
clear the snow odklizet snih
clear up vyjasnit se (obloha)

cloudbank hradba nizkSTch mraki
cloudy obladny, zamraden!; obladno,
zamradeno; nezietelnli, nejasny
cold studenj; zima, chladno

continental vnitrozemsky, kontinent6lni
crisp snow kiupav! snih (vrzajici pod
nohaura)
cumulonimbus Ikj u:mj ul eu' nimbes]

kumLrlonimbus
cumulus ['kju:mjules] kumulus.

kupa, kupovit5l oblak
dam fdolni piehrada (hrdz)
downpour ['daunpc:] lijrik

downwind po vdtru
drizzle mrholit, mZit; mrholeni
drought fdraut] sucho, obdobi sucha

dump vysypat, vyklopit (na skkidku)
hail(stones) kroupy; krupobiti
halo ['helleu] kruh kolem mdsfce;

haze lehkd mlha, kouimo
headwind protivitq piedni vitr

hoar frostjinovatka
hospitatrle piizniv!; pohostinnli
hot horko; horky
humid vlhko; vlhky
humidity vlhkost
hurricane ['h,trrken,'h,tnkern,'h
nrt,kern] hurikiin, urag6n, ork6n,
equable ['ekwcbl] stdlli, nemdnnl;'

equinox ['ekwrnoks] rovnodennost
refl ective hloubavj, piemitavy

refrigerants freony
replenish doplnit. znovu naplnit
rivers in spate (GB) rozvodn6nd ieky
saturated irplnd promodenf
scattered showers obdasnd (misty)
piehrlriky
thawing
threater
thunder
thunder
thunder
bouikc
thunder
mobiti
tornado
ork6n
scorcher (coll) pai6k, horky den

seaboard moiskd pobieZi; piimoisky;
ziichrannli n6moini dlun
trapped
twister (
season rodni obdobi
typhoon
vodnf
settled ust61en1i, st6le pdknli (podasi)
unbroke
vichiice
icicle rampouch
inhospitable nehostinnj ; nepohos-
severe Isr'vre] prudkli, ostry, krutlir

skid dostat smyk
unpredir
upwind
sleet pliskanice, dd5t'se snEhem;
unsettler
tinnf, nevlidnf
insular [' Insjuls] ostrovni
inundation [,rnrn'derJen]
zmrzlf ddSt'
slide (into) sklouznout (do)
wane ub'
zdplav a
ionosphere [,ar'one,sfie] ionosfdra

island ['arlend] ostrov; ostrovni
landslide sesuv ptdy; drtivd vitdzstvi

ve volbdch
light slabli, lehkj

lightning blesk
melting tiini
dust prach
deStivyi
refl ection odraz, zrcadleni
(podasi)
svatoz6i
cirrus ['srres] cirus, iasovity nebo
274
bouilivj
promdnlivli
deSt'ov6 kapka
mirage fmr'ro:3] zrcadleni na silni-
cich ve velkdm vedru; t-ata morg6na
slip over on st uklouznout na nddem

slush rozbiedlj' snih; iidkd bahno,
biedka
smoggy plny srnogu
snowdrift ziivdj; sndhovii vichiice,

metelice. fujavice
snowfall sndZeni
snowflake sndhovdL vlodka; bledule
jarni
snowplough sndhovj pluh; pluh
(lyZaiskli styl)
(podasi
wax [wa
(o mds
weatherr
whirlwir
torniid<
bouie
windy vi
NATURE
rdzl
snolvstorm snihovd bor.rie
NATURE
bit udidlo
soaked to the skin promokli na k[rzi
squall niiraz vetm. poryv; bouie
acorn ['erkr:n] Zalr,rd

adaptable piizpirsobiv!
black widow denrd vdova (iedovatli'
steadl' rain vytlvaly dd'it'
adcler ['reda] zrnije
storm boui'e
storm ol'f lo st r yiitit sc srni'rr'nr
rokri
nekanr
liovv
oblakir. obladnd vrstva
sultn l'snltril
tit.
dusrry. parnl
oiasi
branch vdtev: ralreno vodnflro tokr"r

breakers piiboiove vlny; piival pies
palubu
apc opicc, lidoop
buck Ib,nk] jclen, smec
tempestuous Itcn.rrpestj ues] bouilivy

thaning f 0c:r11l tdni
asp bolen (ryba): osika; brejlovec

cgyptsklil jrrky kol i jedot atyi had
bud pupen: poupd; pudet
thermometer [0c'mornrtc] teplonrer

threat [Orct] lrrozba
threntening Itrozie i. lrrozir y
astcrisk hvezdidka 1*, polygrafickli
Ib,rd3criga:,'b,td3il andulka
butTalo (GB) buvol (tur Zijici r Asii
thunder hroni
thundercloud bouikovy rlrak
thunderhead rnrak objevujici se picd
attain st closdhrrout nddeho

back down ustonpit. vzd6t se
backbone pritci; hibet knihy
znak)
atmosphere atrnosftra, ovzduSi
trapped uvezndn v pasti

twister (rnfml US) torn6cloi vdtrn6.
vclclni smr5t'
typhoon Itar'fir:n] tajfun

unbroken celistvli. souvisly
unpredictable nepicdvidateln
uprvind proti \'atru
unsettled [,tn setld] nestdll;'. ncj ist!
uzcla
brook potok. iicka
budgerigar, budgie
Africe)
bulTalo (US) bizort americky
a
bulb cibule; hliza; oddenek

bumblebee cnrel6k
burdock Iba:dok] lopuch

buttercup pryskyinik
badger jezevec
ork6n
antlers palohy
bough fbaol hlavni. silnA vdtev

strolru
brambles ostrrrTini: ostruTirry
archipelago [,o:kr'pclagau] souostrovi

ash jasan; jasanovd dievo; popcl
tornado Itc:'ncrdeu] smrst', tornedo,
sN).
bordering on sl lrranicici s ni'i'irn
ancmonc [a'nemcni] sasanka

angler rybdi lovici na udici: sportovnf
rybdi
ant mra\ enec
temperate n-rilny
nrobiti
rur
bog baZina. nroddl. slatina
bridle ['brarcll]
thunderstorm bouika, bouic, hro-
anaconda anakonda; velkj nejedo-
Arab Arab, kirn arabskli
bouikou
isty)
amphibian obojZivelnik; oboj2ivelnli
bluff irtes: strrry sriiz

boar Ibc:] divodrik
boardu'alk chodnik z prken
ovdeik.
aquarium akv6riunr
snreru plavby)
lt
alligator ['itl rgerto] aligiitor

Alsatian [re]'scr{en] nnreckf
bream ccjn
tailwind vitr vanouci do zad (ve
hldkerr
pavouk)
blind ( US) posed
vatj had Skrtic
sulphur dioxide (SO,)

['s.,rlfb dar'oksarcl]- oxid siiidity
sun-stroke irZeh. upal
sunburn opdleni, spdleni sluncenr
suntan opiileni sluncenr
swollen rivers rozvodndne ieky
li'.
blackbird kos
vlc6k
stratosphere stratosf ira

stratus Istreites] stratus. vrst\,a
(Lrzdy)
bait ni{vnada. vnatlidlo
butterfl.v.- motlil
balc balik sena; Zok
bark kirra strorru; Stdkot.
51dk6ni
bass [bics] okoun; lipa americkd

basset (hound) baset
bat netopyr
bay' z6li" l kotlina; bobkovy list
bayou (US. Louisiana. Texas) [ barur]
baZinati ranreno ieky; pomalu
tekouci voda
buzzard k6ne
cactus, pl. cacti, cactuses ['kitktas]
kaktus
cage klec; zaviit do klece
camel velbloud
camomile hcimdnek
canal [ke'nitl] kanrll. pruplav
canopy klenba (stromfi); piikryt jako
baldachynenr nebo nebesy
beak zobiik
1:
eceni
10"
(podasi); neobydleny; nevyiizeny

wane irblivat (o mdsici)
wax
Iwrks] piiblvat.
dorirstat
canter cval: lroklr.rs; cviilat; klusat
bear Ibec] mcdvdd

beaver bobr
cap kloboudck. hlavidka houby
beech buk
captive zajatec; 2ijici v za.jetf
beechmast bukvice
carnivore masoZravec
$'eathercock korouhvidka
berries bobulc
whirlrvind ['rva:lwrnd] vzduSn!'
r"ir.
ton-rddo. cykl6n, vichr. snrrSt'. vdtrnii
beware of... pozor na...
cardinal kardiniil dcrvcny ( pc\nkavovitl; ptAk)
bouie
bill zobdk
(o mEsfci)
windy vdtmy
big cats velke
Sch.r.ry
kodkovite
lule
binoculars dalekohled
birch biiza
bison (GB) zubr evropsky
bison (US t bizon anreriuk;
carnation hvozdik. kalafidt; ruZovd,

svdtle den'cnd barva
carp kapr
caterpillar housenka
catfish (wels) sumec; sumcovitd
ryby
catkin jehneda. kodidka
.VOCABULARY.
275
NATURE
cave, cavern Ikerv,'kreven] jeskynE;
prolilubeii
caviar ['krevio:] kavi6r
centipede ['sentrpi;d] stonoZka
bun) [sep] hiib

chamois ['Jamwo:] kamzik
cranberries brusinky
crayfish rak; langusta
creek (GB) izkA zittoka; zitliv
creek (US) piitok, iidka; rovina mezi
creepy-crawly { infinl ) hnryz. brouk:
chanterelle ['Jente'rel] liSka jedl6

chase honit, pron6sledovat; honidka
chrnlii na pampeliSce
elephant slon
elm
nahdLndjici hruzu
crocodile krokodlil
gentle
geogral
geraniu
jilm
gills [gr
embankment n6bieZi
horarni
cep (penny
egret Iirgret] volavka bil6, rajka;
klobo
emu ['irmju:] emu
gin-tra1
enclosure ohrada; oploceny pozemek
giraffe
Equator Ir'kwerte] rovnik

estuary ['estjueri] risti ieky
girth
p<
chasm ['kaezom] rokle. propast

chestnut ka5tan
crocus krokus, 5afi6n
evergreen jehlidnaty, stiile zelenf
gorilla,
chick kuie; ptadi ml6dd
cross-breed kiiZenec
falcon sokol
grasslar
crow vr6na; kokrhat

crown koruna (stromu)
fangs tesdky; hadi zuby
grass sl
fawn kolouch; smde
gregari
cruel kruti, nelidsky

cub ml6dE Sehry; rnl6dd Zraloka
felling k6ceni
feral ['ferel,'fierel] zdivodely,
potulnl;'; divok!, volnd Zijici
greyhor
guinea
fin ploutev
gull
hake
cypress ['sarpres] cypii5, tisovec
finch pdnkava
fir j edle
fire at sb, st stiilet na ndkoho, ndco
firebreak ochranny pnisek, piikop
proti 5iieni lesniho poZ6nt
dachshund ['deksand,'dekshund]
jezevdik
fish eagle orlovec iidni

fisherman rybdi
hawk
daddy-long-legs sek6d (druh pavouka); tiplice
fishes druhy ryb
hay(ma
hazelnu
collar obojek (psa)
daffodil l'defedrll narcis (Zlutf)

dahlia ['deIlie, 'dellje] jiiina, jiiinka
fishing rybaieni, rybolov

flamingo, pl. flamingos or flamingoes plamei6k
collie kolie. skotsky ovi6k
daisy sedmikrdska, chudobka
flashy tipytivyi, blyiskav!
condemned odsouzeny
dandelion
crop up objevit se, vynoiit
chives paZitka
chrysanthemum
Ikrr'sanOrmem, -'2ren0-] chryzantdma
se
clams (US) mlZi, Skeble
cubs vldata; Vldata (m1adi skauti)
claw dr6p; paidt
cuckoo f'kuku:] kukadka

cuddle obdti, sevieni v n6rudi; obji-
cliff
irtes
mat; hlidkat
coastline pobieZni i6ra

coat pokrjvka rEla zviiat (srst, peii)
cobra kobra; mamba

cockle srdcovka jedld (moisky mlZ);
koukol polni; plevel
cockroach Sv6b
cod treska
cold-blooded studenokrevny (Zivodich); chladnokrevnf (kifi )
current vodni tok, proud

cutting iizek (rostliny)
['
dandrlaren] parnpeli5ka,
smetanka ldkaisk6
cone 5iSka
confinement uvdzndni, olnezeni

svobody
deciduous [dr'srdjues] opadavyi

(strom)
deerjelen; vysok6
confluence soutok
conif'erous fke' nlferes] jehl idnati
conker (intml) ka5tan (strom i plod)
den doup, brloh, nora
constant st6li
doberman dobrman
coot lyska (ptrik)
doe
copse hou5ti; pfemdnit les v nizki

porost osek6nim; tvoiit v5;honkY
odspodu kmene
Dolomites, the ['dole,marts] Dolomity

dolphin delfin
corgi ['kc:gi] korgi (psi rasa)

cormorant ['kc:merent] kormordn
dormouse plch obecnli
cornflower chrpa
downs mim6 pahorkatina (obvykle

porostl6 tr6vou)
couch-grass Plr Plazivli

cougar (US) ['ku:ga] kugu6r, puma
cowardice ['kauedrs] zbabdlost

cowslip (GB) ['kaushp] prvosenka
jami
cowslip (US) blatouch bahenni

coyote [kal'outi, kcleut] kojot,
stepni
vlk
disfi gure znetvoiit, zmrza(it
lai;
dove holubice; hrdlidka
drey veverdi hnizdo

duck kachna
dyke piikop, kan6l; protipovodiov6
hr6z, piehrada; tok
Sti
treskd
hamster
hare (G
haw [h:
headwa
hedgehr
herb by
uffy chlupatj, pokrytj' peiim;
herbivo
nadychanli
heron ['
foe [feu] nepiitel
herring
foothills piedhffi
fbotprint stopa. otisk nohy, Sldpdj

for kicks z legrace, pro z6bavu
ford brod; piebrodit
lbrelegs piedni nohy
forestry lesnictv(, lesni hospod6istvi;

zalesndn6 krajina, lesy
hiberna
hide kfi:
hillock
hind [hr
hippo(p
ses
hit
forget-me-not pomndnka
fox li5ka
hon na liSku
frog (eggs are spawn, young are
tadpoles) 26ba (vajidka jsou jikry,

ml6d'ata jsou pulci)
or
zasitl
holt
foxglove ndprstnik cerveny

foxhunt hon na liSku koimo; pofadat
dou
hoof, pl
hook hri
hoopoe
hornbe:
hornet
horns
fungus, pl. fungi, funguses ['t,r'r;gss,
'f,tr3gai,'1.tnd3ai,'f,tnd5r]
[g,r
hawtho
houba
gaff
earthquake zemCtieseni
gallop trysk. zkrdceny cval: cvdlat
earthworm ZiZala. deSt'ovka; bidnY
gamekeeper hajnii, mysl ivec
eel rihoi
Vocabulary'
spolei
eagle orel
derv, chud6k
crab krab; lovit kraby
. Topic-based
srna
fl
gold-se,
[9re1-] harpuna
gather sklidit, sbirat, shromaZd'ovat
p,
horse cl
i plod,
hounds
honu
hunter
pro ho
kond I
NATURE
geography zemdpis
geranium Id3e'retnism] pelarg6nie

gills [gIlz] Z6bry; lupeny na spodku
huntsman lovec
hyacinth ['haresrn0] hyacint
lizard jeitdrka
lobster humr
hyena [har'i:ne] hyena

Indian indickj; Ind; Indi6n; indidnskf
located in st situovany (umistEny)
klobouku hub
gin-trap (GB) taliiov6

zemek
:ny
Zeleza
girth podbiiSnik, podpdnka
inedible nepoZivateln j
inland sea vnitrozemni moie
gold-seekers hledadi zlata
inquisitive zvddavli, zvfdaqT,
giraffe Ziraf'a
gorilla gorila
insect(s) hmyz
grass snake uZovka
invertebrate Irn'vs:tlbrat] bezobratlj: bezp6teinf

iris kosatec, iris; duhovka
gull [g.tl] racek

hake itikozubec tryba piibttzn6
tresk6m)
neco
hamster kiedek
ikop
hare (GB) zajic
haw [hc:] hloZinka (p1od hlohu)

hawk [hcrk] jesti6b, krahujec
hawthorn ['hc:0c:n] hloh

hay(making) seno(sec)
hazelnut lishov! oiech
headwater(s) pramen ieky; horni tok
hedgehog jeZek
dpcj
u
are
jikry,
f,r,4ges,
.r] houba
herring ['herrrl] sled'

hibernate l'harbenelt] piezimovat
hide kiiZe. usei
hippo(potamus), pl. hippopotamuses or -ami hroch
hook h6dek
hoopoe ['hu:pu;] dudek chocholatf
hornbeam habr
hornet sr5ei
horns paroZi, parohy; rohy
horse chestnut konskf ka5tan (strom
i plod)
honu
hunter lovecky pes uZivany zejmdna

Zd'ovat
pro hon na liSku; typjezdeckdho

kond pro honebni udely; lovec
karst kras
kayaking jizda na kajaku
kestrel poStolka obecnd
kingfisher ledfi5dek
kite pt6k z deledi krahujcovitfch,
zejm. lui6rk cervenyl pienesend
jestidb, dravec
koala koala medv(dkovit6
labrador ['lebradcl] labradorsky

retrivr
beru3ka
landslide sesuv pidy; drtivd volebni

vitdzstvI
larch rnodiin (strom i dievo)

lark sKivan polni
latitude zemdpisnA Siika

lavender levandule (rostlina, vrind
i barva)
[irJ] voditko (napi.
na psa)
leaf, pl. leaves list

leafy listnatf (les); listovj (zelenina)
leopard ['leped] levhart, leopard

skvrnitj'
leveret [' leverit] mlady zajic, zaji(,ek
lice, sg. louse vii, veS
lifefess mrtvj, bez Livota, jako mrtvy
lily lilie
lily-of-the-valley konvalinka vonrrd
lime lipa; limeta
limestone v6penec
lion lev
ndkde
loch (Scotland) [ok] jezero

locust ['loukest] sarande, kobylka
lodge doupd (vydry, bobra)
logging tdZba dieva v lese
long-haired dlouhosrsty
longitude ['londSrtju:d,'lorlgl-]
zemdpisnd ddlka
lough (lreland) [ok] jezero

lowland(s) niZina
lumberjack
['
l,lrnbad3ak] dievoru-
bec, dievai
[jus]
ndvnada, vnadidlo; l6kat,
v6bit
kangaroo klokan
lead, leash (US)
lure
omlouvat
landlocked obk lopenl;' pevn i nou.

chr6ndnf proti moii
hounds lovedti psi; smedka psri na

,v6lat
ustify ospravedlnit, ospravedliovat;
heron ['heren] volavka
holt doup6, nora (zvl. vydii)

hoof, pl. hoofs, hooves kopyto
ladybird slunddko sedmitednd,
hit zas6hnout
poi6dat
jackdaw ['dSakdcr] kavka obecnd

jay sojka obecn6
herb bylina, bylinka (lddivti, koieni)

herbivore ['herbrvc:] bjloZravec
hillock kopedek, hromddka

hind fharnd] laii
ddistvi;
vSe-
tednYi
grassland ludiny, pastviny; step
gregarious Igrr'geeries] st6dovit5i;

spoledenskj,, druZnj
greyhound ['grerhaund] chrt
guinea pig I'grniprgl morde
mln-
live oak dub virginskj (stdle zeleny)

ivebait i.w A ndv nada (dervi, ryby)
hunting lov
hunting horn lovecky roh, lesni roh
gentle mirurnilovnf, jemny
lynx rys
mackerel makrela
magpie straka
maim zmrza(it, zohavit

mainland pevrrina
mammal savec
mangrove koienovnik obecny: tnangrovov6 dievina
Manx bezocas6 kodka (pivodem

z ostrova Man)
maple javor (strom i dievo)
marjoram ['mordSerem] majorfnka

marmot sviSf
marsh moddl, baZina, bahnisko,
mokiina, blata
marshland mokiina, baZina. blata
marsupial Imo:'su:piel] vaanatec

marten kuna (zviie i koZeiina)
martin jiiidka obecn6

mast, beechmast bukvice
mate druh, druZka
meadow louka
meltwater voda z rozpu5tdndho sndhu

menace to st, sb ['menIs] nebezpedi,
hrozba pro ndco, ndkoho
midge [mrd3] pakom6r; mu5ka

miclwater stiedni vrstva vody na
oteviendm moii
mint mdta; m6tovli bonb6n

miss netrefit, minout cil
mole krtek
moleheap, molehill krrina, krtinec
mongrel ['m,ntJgral] pes smiserr6

rasy, voiiSek; bastard
. VOCABULARY.
277
NATURE
parrot papouSek; papouSkovat, tupd
monkey opice; opidi
opakovat
moor(s) nizko zarostlii pust6 planina,

zvl. porostl6 viesem, mokiina,
slatina, blata
parsley petrZel zahradni
partridge koroptev
moose
Imu:sl los arnerickli

morel [rnn'rel] smrZ jedlli
paw tlapa, tlapka, pracka, pacieka

pedigree. purebred distokrevnli
pelagic lpe'lred3rkl moisky, pelagickli
mosquito, pl. mosquitoes, mosquitos
Ime'skirteu] rnoskyt; kom6r

moth [mn0] mol Satni; mtra
rapids peie.le
short-h
rat krysa, potkan
show-ju
rattlesnake chiestjS
raven krkavec; havran (nepiesnd);
shrimpr
plenit, drancovat
sidekicl
sinker
ravine [re'vi:n] strZ, prfirva, rokle,

rozsedlina; udElat prrirvu, rozbrttzdit
Lrdici
skate re
mouflon (GB) [mu:flon] rnuflon
pellet ['pelet] brok; stiela; kulka

pelican pelikrln
ray rejnok
redstart rehek zahradni
reptile plaz
slow-wr
mouse, pl. mice myS
pelt kriZe s koZe5inou, koZich; surov6
reservoir ['rezevwo:] nildrll. pie-
snake h
penguin ['pelgwrn] tudi6k

peninsula poloostrov
peony ['pireni] pivonka
restricted movement omezeny pohyb

retriever retrivr (druh loveckdho psa)
rhea [ri:e] nandu (pitrosovitli pt6k)
snare cl
perch okoun iidni
rhinoceros Irar'noseras] nosorozec

rhizome ['rarzeum] oddenek
riding jizda na koni
kfi2e; stahovat kiZi
mouser kodka, kterd dobie chyt6 mySi
mouth usta, huba; irsti (ieky)

mudflat n6nos v usti iek; d6st moiskdho biehu zaplavovan6
piilivem
mulberry ['m,tlberi] moru5e (strom

i plod)
pest Skridce, Skridci
mussel sl6vkajedle
petal Irpetl] okvdtni listek, korunni
muzzle ndhubek; nasadit niihubek;
pl6tek
denich, dum6k
mycelium [mar'si:lrem] podhoubi,

mycdlium
mysterious tajemnli, zihadn !

narcissus narcis, narciska
narrows irZina; soutdska

nasty zlli; nevyzpytateln
nature-lover milovnik piirody

nest hnizdo; udElat si hnizdo; hnizdit
odliv
robin dervenka, derm6dek; drozd
pike Stika
pikeperch canddt
pine borovice, sosna
rook havran polni

root koien; bulva; hliza; oddenek
pink hvozdik pernatf; karafi6t
rose riiZe
pit jrima; dira; propast; podzemni

jeskynE; uhelnf dfil
rosem
plateau, pl. plateaux, plateaus
nettle kopiiva; hluchavka; Slehat

kopiivami
roach freutJ] plotice
Irpleteu]
n6,horn( rovina; plo5ina;
plato
stdhovav! (US)
sl
irlisnli
hradni jezero; ziisob6ma
rip-tide bouilivli piiliv
pheasant ['feznt] baZant

pigeon holub
slimy
ry r ozmatlr na 6kaisk6
snapdr:
niistral
snowdrr
solitary
spaniel
['sprer
snrino
sparrorJr
spawn jr
spectacl
velkol
spider p
spinner
splendid
rowan ['reuen] jef6b (strom)

rowdy ['raudi] hulvrltskli, vitrZnicki
saddle sedlo; osedlat
spruce
squid ol
squirrel
newt Inju;t, nurt] mlok; dolek

nightingale slavik
poacher pytl6k
sage Salvdj; pelyndk
stalactit'
nik ros
poisonous jedovatli
salamander mlok, salamandr
stalagmi
nuisance nepiistojnost; zloi6d; svizel;
polecat tchoi
salmon ['semen] losos

sardine sardinka; olejovka
stalk Ist
otrava
pollen ['polen] pyl
nuthatch fn,tthetJ] brhlik

oak dub
oasis [eu'ersrs] o6za
octopus chobotnice
offshore pobieZni, pevninsk5i; mimo

bieh, vzdrilenli od pobieZi; na
volndm moii
omnivore l' omnrvc:l vSe2ravec

orangutan Ic:'ra4uteq, c:rrelurte!]
orangutan
orchid orchidej
ostrich ['ostrrtJ] p5tros
otter ['ote] vydra

owl [aul] sova, v1/r, sjdek
ox, pl. oxen vtl; tur
savanna(h) [sa'vrene] savana
pool louZe, kaluZ; trii, triika; jezirko;

rybnik; stojat6 voda; stud6nka
poplar topol
scales Supiny
scallop ['skolep] hiebenatka, jedl6
poppy m6k; opium
scavenger ['skavrndge] mrchoZrout

scorpion 5tir, Skorpi6n
stem km
scratch Skrdbat se, drbat se, dr6pat se

scrubland krajina porostl6 kiovinami,
sticky le
pores rourky zespodu klobouku

houby
porpoise ['pc:pes] sviiiucha

prawns krevety; gamiiti
predator ['predete] dravec

primrose prvosenka jami, petrklid
puffball pfchavka
pussy willow vrba jiva, kodidky
stalking
mu5le
kledi, kosodievinou
seal
tulei;
lachtan
sea-lion lvoun hiivnatj'

seaweed chaluha, moiskd iasa
seed semeno, seminko; zasit
sett jezevdi nora
palm palma
quarry ['kwori] lom, kamenolom;
shellfish mdkkf5i, koryi5i (zejmena
rabbit kr6lik
shiny lesklf, lesknouci
rainforest deStnj prales
shoal [Jeul] hejno ryb

shooting stielba, stiileni
parasol bedla; slunednik, parazol
278
lovend zviie, koiist
stopov
zdini
starling
(rostlir
stirrup
stoat [st;
stork d61
oysters fstiice
pansy maceSka, violka trojbarevnii
vat; st(
poodle pudl
python ['parOen] krajta, pyton

quail [kwerl] kiepelka polni
pampa(s) pampy (rovinn6 prdrie)
(kr6pn
straits
Is
stream
stub (GE
stump pi
shark Zralok
jedli)
se
sturgeon
suckle kr
vychor,
sunflowe
su
rf piib
NATURE
swallow (one swallow does not
make a summer) ['swoleu] vlaStovka (jedna vlaitovka jaro neddld)
short-haired kr6tkosrsty
show-jumping parkfr
shrimps gam6ti
1e);
rkle,
sidekick pomocnik, part'6k

sinker olivko, z6va2i na ryb6isk6
udici
s$amp Iswompl moial. baTina.

bahnisko, mokiina
swan Iswnn] labut'
swift rorlis; rych1y
vermin (lice, fleas ...) havdt'(v5i,

blechy...)
violet fialka, violka vonn6; fialovy
viper zmije
vivarium, pl. vivariums, vivaria
Ivar'veerrem] viv6rium, terdrium
tadpole pulec (larva Z6by)
vixen ['vrksen] li5ka (samice)

vulture sup, kondor; vydiiduch
tail ocas, ohon, oh6ika, chvost
wade brodit se
slow-worm slepyi
talon drdp, pai6t, spdr
wagtail konipas
snake had
tarantula tarantule
walk
snapdragon hledik vdt5i
tench 1in obecny
tern ryb6k obecnf
walnut vlaSsky oiech

walrus ['wcrlres] mroZ
1o psa)
snare chytat do oka, nastraZit past;

ndstraha, osidlo
pt6k)
snowdrop snEZenka
thaw tdni: oblera: rozmrazeni;
rozec
solitary osamocend rostouci; osamdlf
'brdzdit
skate rejnok
slimy sliznaty, slizovitli; hlenovitf;
flisnf,
rfe-
pohyb
hnusnj'
spaniel (cocker or springer)

['sprenjel] Spandl (kokr5pandl nebo
springr)
Znickj
tiger tygr
tit sfkora;
spruce smrk
toad ropucha obecn6; mlok; Z6ba;
se, siedo-
vat; stopka, stdblo, stonek, lodyha
stalking figura slouZici jako kryt pii

stopov6ni zvEie; zdminka, klamnd
vinami,
zdini
starling
Spadek
stem kmen (stromu), stonek, lodyha

(rostliny), tieri, noha (houby)
sticky lepivj, lepkavf

stirrup l'strrep] timen
stoat Isteut] lasice hranostaj
stork d6p
straits Istrerts] pruliv, irZina
stream proud: iidka. potok
stub (GB) paiez; nedopalek

stump paiez; pahyl
sturgeon ['stsrdSen] jeseter
suckle kojit; pit, s6t; krmit, Zivit;
vychov6vat
sunflower slunednice
surfpiiboj, vlnobiti
struk, cecik
jeStdrka
squirrel veverka
stalk Istclk] stopovat, pliZit
6pat se
oveK
splendid skvdlj', nddhernli, ohromnj
stalagmite ['staelegmart] stalagmit

(kr6pnik rostouci zespodu nahoru)
oZrout
thoroughbred ['0,trebred] plnokrevnik, distokrevnj kfii; kultivovanl;
spinner tipytka
squid olihei
warren ['woren] irzemi,
kde
je laby-
nor
spider pavouk; kiiZ6k
spectacular prisobivy, atraktivni,

velkolepy
stalactite ['strelektart] stalaktit (krripnik rostouci shora dohi)
edl6
thistle bodl6k, pch6d
warm-blooded teplokrevnj
rint vz6jemnd propojenjch krdlidich
thrush [0r.tJ] drozdovitli pt6k, drozd

thyme Itarm] tymiSn; mateiidouSka
tick kliStd
tickle lechtat; svddEt
spawn jikry, potdr; kl6st jikry, tiit se
ek
uvoln6ni
sparrow vrabec
zd
terrapin ['tereprn] moiskii Zelva
jit
toadstool jedovat6 houba (zejmdna

s velkym kloboukem); muchomrirka; pra5ivka
tom-cat kocour
tortoise I tcrtes] Zelva; moiskii Zelva
(US)
traces stopy
tracks stopy vozidla

trap sulka (vozikza kondm pii z6vodu klus6ki); past
trot klus, poklus; klus6ckf z6vod;
wasp [wosp] vosa

water-plants vodnl rostliny
watershed vodni piedl; povodi;
rozvodi
waterside pobieZi
waterweed vodni flora rostouci ve
stojatfch vod6ch; napi. vodni mor
kanadskf
weasel ['wi:zel] lasice, lasidka
whale velryba
wildcat divokrl kodka

wildlife divokii zvdi; Zivot v ptirodd
wolf, pl. wolves [wulf] vlk
woodpecker datel
worm fws:m] &w;Liiala; smftelnik

wound [wu:nd] zranit rdna
zander ['zande] cand6t
zebra f' zebra,'zi:bre] zebra
zoo
lzu;, zul
zoo, zoologick6 zahrada
klusat
trout pstnrh
lrunk
kmen (strornu): chohot: tnrp:
kufi (US)
tulip tulip6n (kvdt i cibule)
tuna l'tj u:no. tu:no'l turidk obecny
tunnel-trap sklopec (past
s k1eci,
zviie se chyti Zive)
turtle moisk5 Zelva

twig vdtvidka
undergrowth podrost
undertow spodni, zpdtny proud
piiboje
veldt, velt lvelt, felt] africk6 step
venomous ['venames] jedovaty;
prisobici otravu; nen6vistnj, zlostny
. VOCABULARY.
279
THE HUMAN BODY

cheekbone licni kost
THE HUMAN BODY
muscle
gland Ll6za
musculr
abdomen biicho, bii5ni dutina
chest hrud', prsa
accentu ated zd'ir aznEny
chin brada
chunky podsadit!, robustni
cleft chin brada se svislou ryhou
glistening lesklj'. lesknouci
ancestor piedek
clench one's teeth zatnout zuby
ankle ['rc1k1] kotnik (na noze)

anxiety fieq'zareti] lzkost, strach,
clitoris po5tdv6dek, klitoris
goatee ['qeuti:] kozi bradka

god-like boZskli, podobnli bohu
accomplish st dos6hnout nddeho,

uskutednit nEco
obavy
appendix [e'pendlks] slepd stievo;

dodatek
aquiline ['rekwrlain] orli
tipytici
artery tepna, arterie

athletic atleticki: pohyblivy
awklvard ['crkwed] nerlotomy, neolrrabanyl trapny; nepiijernny
backbone pdtei; vydrZ; mordlni
be all ears byitjedno velkd ucho,

poslouchat pozornd
nosy zv
obese ol
collarbone klidni kost

colon ['keulon, 'keulen] tradnik (nej-
corpulent ['kc:pj
ul
ent] korpulentni.
tdlnatl;', tlustlT
bft
grey Sedy
obesity
gross lgreus] odpudivd tlusty, zava-
pancre,
litli, podsaditli', otyly

growl fgraul] vrdet, brudet
pelvis pi
penis
handsome hezky, pohlednl;'
pimple
have a sweet tooth
bjt mlsnj, bjt
sladk6
aZ po
uii
hold hands dlZet se za ruce
eagerly dychtivd, chtiv6, nedodkavd
hooked nose Ihukt] zahnuty nos,
belly biicho; biiSko

big-stick policy politika zalo2en6 na
ear ucho
pigmentovd skvrna
skoba
emaciated lr'mersieltrd] vyz|bly

vyhublli, kost a ktZe
"
hunk (coll) vazba, kus chlapa
janitor Skolnik
enormous obrovskj. ohromny
jawbone delistni kost
even teeth rovnd zuby
black demy; eernoiskyi'

bladder modovj mdch5ii
knee koleno
extremities kondetiny; Spidky prstfi,
lank hubeny, vyzitbly
blink one's eyes mrkat. rnrknout
eyebrow obodi
blond blond'aty, blond

blood [bl.td] krev
bottom zadnf ddst tdla, zadek
bowels [baoelz] stieva; vnitinosti,
eyelash odni iasa
ftroby
nosu. brady, uSi
larynx ['lierrqks] hrtan
face oblide.j, tv6i
fair plav!. svdtlj (o vlasech

fat tlust!
a pokoZce)
brain rnozek
firm pevny, tuh!

foot, pl. feet chodidlo, noha u dlovdka
pod kotnikem
breast prs, iiadro; hrud', prsa
bulbous ['b.tlbes] baiat!. bachratf.
forehead ['forrd, 'fc:hed] delo (d6st

hlavy)
freckle piha
bushy eyebrows ['buJi] hustd obodi
fringe ofir-ra
frizzy kudrnatj, kadeiavf
calf lytko
funnybone briavka
breastbone hrudni kost

oduly, korpulentni, telnati
cartilage ['ko:telrdg] chrupavka

chapped lips rozpraskane rty
furrowed ['f,treud] vrrisditli,
cheek tv5,i
gapped s rnezerami
280
kfmi ryhami
hlubo-
pe
plait [pl
plaited
plucked
point wi
pointed
ponytail
portly
st
tlustj'
pot (-bel
pull
sorn
koho,
rack ont
usilovr
receding
vlasti
layer vrstva
red derv,
leg noha
ribcage
lick lizat, olizovat
ribs Zebr
rub one'
igament vaz; vazivo

lined face vrdsditf oblidej
f
finger prst na ruce
bowlegged Ibeulegd] s kiivyma

nohama (do O)
na
head over heels in love zamilovany
determination odhodl6ni
dimple dolicek
pelvic g
hair vlasy
dumpy zavality
birthmark mateiskd znamdnko; velkii
cicha
pear-shi
tvar hr
hamstring podkolenni Slacha
beard [brad] plnovous

beer-belly pivni biich
hrozb6ch a replesich
paunch
guts stieva, vnitinosti; biicho; odvaha

(hovorovd)
cracked lips silnd rozpraskand rty

craggy ['krregi] s ostie iezanimi
rysy; nerovny, hrbolatj, drsnj
dreadlocks dredy (druh udesu)
neSikovn!
parting
gullet ['g.r.let] jicen; hltan; hrdlo

gut tlust, tenkd stievo
heart srdce
hips boky
be all thumbs mit obd ruce levd,
piikyr
nose no
greasy mastrry, zamaStdnli
curly kudmatj; kadeiavyi

dandruff lupy
dark tmavf; snddy
bald ple5atli; lyslr

barrel-chested robustni, jako sud
navel ['
nod ont
se
coccyx ['koksrks] kostrd
cross oneself pokiiZovat se
odvaha
svalor
se.
gorgeous ['gc:d3es] n6dhern!,

skvdll;, itZasnl;
concave ['korlkerv] vydutli dovniti

concave chest vpadly hrudnik
arm paZe, ruka
clumsy nemotomy, neobratny
v6t5i d6st tlustdho stieva); dvojtedka
arched eyebrows klenute obodi,

obodi ve tvaru oblouku
mouth
genitals f'dSenrtlz] genit6lie, pohlavni org6ny, pohlavni fistroji
lip ret
lithe flard] sviZny, pruZn!, mr5tny,
scars j iz
slanted t
shake or
ohebnj
liver j6tra
shin holr
short ma
lungs plice
short-sig
mobile pohyblivj
shoulder
mole mateiskd znamdnko
shoulder
mohawk [meuho:k] diro
shrug (o
moustache Irno'stc;J,'m,tstreJ] knir,

knirek
mousy (vlasy) jako myS, ucourand,
sideburn
barevnd nevyraznd; tichli, b6zlivli,

nesmdly
ramen)
simile ['s
skeleton
HEALTH
to,!l
mouth fsta
skin-deep pouze na povrchu, po-
muscle ['m,tsl] sval
vlchni
skinny vychrtl!, hubenl;, vyzdblli
abortion potrat; rurele
skull Isk,tl] lebka
accurate piesny
muscular ['m,r.skj ule] svalnaty,

svalovy
navel ['nervel] pupek; pupikl stied

nod one's head kyvnout hlavou;
piiklvnout
acne ['ieknr] trudovitost, akne
nosy zvdavy, dotdm!, vlezlf; nosaty
acupuncture ['akju,p,rqktJa] aku-
split ends roztiepend konedky vlasi

spotty skvrnitli, tedkovany, kropenaty. uhrovity
sprain one's ankle, wrist vyn-rknout
si kotnik. zdpdsti
pancreas ['p:r4kries] slinivka
paunch [pc:ntJ] velke biicho, pupek,

cf
cha
pear-shaped [pee] hruSkovitj, majici

tvar hruSky
pelvic girdle pletenec pdnevni
stomach ['st,tnrak] Zaludek, biicho

stout zavality. obtloustlf; houZevnaty
stretch one's limbs protAhnout si
nohy a ruce
struggle snaZit se, usilovat, namdhat se
penis penis
stub one's toe narazit, nakopnor.rt
blit na
plait [pleet, plert] cop

plaited [plretid] spletenli do copu
)vany
plucked eyebrows vytrhane obodi

point with a finger ukdzat prstem
pointed chin Spidatd brada
ponytail ohon, culik

portly statny, tdlnaty, korpulentni,
tlustf
pot (belly) velkd kulate biicho. bfich6d
pull someone's leg utahovat si z ndkoho, tahat ndkoho za nos
rack one's brains liimat si hlavu,
si
palec
punktura
addicted (to) zdvislli, zvyklj (na)

affect Io'fekt] zasahovat. postihovat
ailment lehdi onemocndni; zdravotni
potiZ, probldrn
alcohol alkohol
allergy to st ['eladgi] alergie na ndco
ambulance ['eernbjr-rlens] sanitka
annoying protivni. otravny
antibiotics [,antibar'ntrks] antibiotika

appendicitis Ie,pendr'sartrs] z6ndt
slepdho stieva
stunning senzadni, fantasticky

swelling vypoulenf ; vzdouvajici se
tear a tendon [tee] natrhnout, pietrhnout si Slachu
appointment obiedndni u ldkaie
appropriately vhodnd
aromatherapy Ia,reume'0erepi]
aromateraple
testicle varle
aspirin aspirin
thigh [0ar] stehno
asthma astma. z6dLlcha, duSnost
thumb palec u ruky
average prfrmdrny; prrirndr
tired of
bandage ['bendrd3] obvazovd piiska,
sto sb
unaveny nddim. ndklm
tongue jazyk
tooth, pl. teeth zub, zuby

trim Stihl1i. elegantni; piistiihnout,
zasti'ihnout
obvaz
Band-Aid (US) n6plast, leukoplast

bad chest katar priduSek
bleed krv6cet
tummy biiSko, Zaludek, Zaloudedek
blind slepli
ugly oiklivyi. Skaredj, Seredn!

vagina [vc'd3arnr] pochra. vagina
red derveny, rudy; zrz-avi,
blister puchlii
blow / clean one's nose vysmrkat
vein if
bone kost
ribcage hrudni koS
ribs Zebra
veined nose Zilnatf nos, nos protkani

Zilkami
rub one's hands mnout si ruce
vertebra Ive:tebre] oblatel
r.rsi
lovnd piernliSlet
receding hairline ustupujici linie

vlasri
Ia
Braille Ibrerll slepecke pisrno

bronchitis [,bror1'kartrs] z6ndt pri-
vivid Zivj. svdZi. temperamentni, dilli
slanted eyes Sikmd odi
waist pas
shake one's head kroutit, vrtdt hlavou
wart [wc:t]
shin holeii
short maly (postavou)
wavy vlnity
burn popdlenina
burp [ba:p] iihat, krkat; ifhnuti
well-built silny, svalnaty, dobie

stavdni (muZ)
well-rounded plnoStihl6, korpulentni
cancer rakovina
short-sighted krritkozraky
shoulder rameno
shrug (one's shoulders) pokrdit
rameny
rand,
sideburns kotlety
simile ['srmrli] piirovndni
Lzliv!,
skeleton kostra: kostlivec
se
braces rovniitka
scarsjizvy, Srdmy
shoulders ramena, plece, bedra

:Jl knir,
stiff ztuhl!, stmulj
pelvis pdnev
pimple pupinek, uher
5tnf,
ache lerklbolcst; bolet

acid kysely; kyselina
snub nose rros dovrchu. lupi nos

spleen slezina; Spatnd ndlada
parting pdiinka
odvaha
irtlf
spine pdtei
obesity obezita, otylost
lo
pierLr5eni
tdhotenstvi
nose nos
obese obdzni, otyl17
zava-
slender, slim Stihljr.
HEALTH
duSek. bronchitida
bubbles bublinky
bradavice
(Zena)
whiskers licousy (bez vousri)
windpipe ['wrndparp] prfrdu5nice,

trachea
wrinkled face / forehead vrdsditii/-e

tv6i / delo
wrist frrst] z6pdsti
capsule ['krcpsju:l] kapsle

cardiologist kardiolog
caries l'kari:z] zLrbni kaz; zdndt kosti

cavity zubni kaz; dutina
chemotherapy [,ki:rneu'0erapi]
chemoterapie
chickenpox plarrd neStovice
childbirth porod
.VOCABULARY.
281
HEALTH
chiropractic [,karereu'prrektlk]
chiropraxe
disease onemocnEni, nemoc
gonorrhoea [,gone'ri:e] kapavka
dislocation vymknuti, vykloubeni,
grass trdva, marjrinka
inpatie
grazes Skrdbnuti. odieniny. oderky
interac
chiropractor ['karreuprrekte] chiropraktik
cholera ['kolere] cholera

claim tvrdit, prohlaSovat
clay
jil;
hlina
cocaine Ikeu'keln] kokain

coke (slang) [keuk] koks (kokain)
coma ['keume] k6ma, hluboke
bezvddomi
conception podeti, zplozeni ditdte
concussion [ke4'k,r.Jen] oties mozku;
ndraz, oties
condom kondom, prezervativ

confinement porod, slehnuti; pobyt
doma (zvl65t6 na hiZku)
constipation zdcpa
consultant konzultujici odbornik,
specialista, primiii
continuously neust6le, nepietrZitd

contract a disease piivodit si, chyit
nemoc
contractions stahy, kontrakce

convey vyjddfit, vyslovit
cough [kof] kaSel; ka5lat
crack (slang) crack (dist6 krystalick6
fbrna kokainu)
cramp kied
craving lbr st neodolateln6 chut'na
ndco
crippled zmrza(eny, poSkozeny;
luxace
disorder zdravotni potiZ, porucha

donor d6rrce
gulp down zlrltnout, rychle snist,
dose d6vka ldku
gums d6snd
drill vrtadka
gynaecologist (GB), gynecolo-
drops kapky
gist (US)[,garne'koledSrst]
drowning ldraunr4] utopeni

drug ldk, lddivo; droga
dumb Id,rm] ndmy; hloupf
dysentery ['drsenteri, -tri, -ter-]
riplavice, dyzentdrie
vypit
gynekolog
he' lu:srnedSen] halucinogen (droga
vy"rol6vaj ic i haluc inace)
handicapped postiZeny, handicapo-
hash (coll) ha5i5, marihuana

have a tooth out, pulled (US) nechat
si vytrhnout zub
Emmas (slang) hemeroidy
encephalitis [,ensofe' laitis] encefal itida, z6ndt mozku

enema ['enrme] klystlr
epidemic epidemie
epidural anestetikum pouZivan6

zejm. pii porodu
irregulr
itch [rtj
jabG) (
jaundic
zdvist
ecstasy (E) ekst6ze, dko (droga)
elektrickdm Kesle
interru
invalid
invali
hallucinogen [,heelu:'srnedSan,
van!
na
mocn
hangover kocovina
elektrickim proudem; poprava
Jemn(
intern
earache bolest ucha
effective Ir' l'ektrv l Liiinny

electrocution Ir,lektre'kju:Jen] zabiti
inocul:
junkie
kiss of
labour
lice, sg,
hay fever senn6 ryma

headache bolest hlavy
headshrinker, shrink psychiatr
lotion n
healer ldditel
Iumbag,
hepatitis [,hepe'tartrs] Zloutenka,

z6nEt jater, hepati
ti da
hepatitis B hepatitida. zenet jater

(mfiZe blit smrtelnd, je sexudlnd
pienosn6)
tift
(GB
Istiel,
malaria
maligna
maligr
eventually nakonec
heroin heroin
mania I
nAruii,
exhale vydechovat
exhausted vyderyany
herpes ['he:pi:z] herpes, pdsovli opar

heterosexual heterosexu6l
massage
extraction vltrZeni, vytaZeni, extrakce
hiccupso hiccoughs ['hrk.r.ps] Sky-
false teeth umdld zuby
tavka
marijua
masAZ,
matron
fart prdnout, prddt; prd

fatal ['fertal] smrtelnf
homosexual homosexuSl
measles
hooked on st ziivisly na ndem
medican
curious about st zv6davj'na nEco

cut back omezit, sniZit; sniZeni
I'ever horedka; zimnice
houseman (GB) mlad5i sekund6i

(lekai v nemocnici)
meditati
cuts poiez6rni
flea blecha
hygiene l'hardSi:n] hygiena: zdra-
menopal
deaf hluchy, neslySici
floss dent6lni nit, nit na di5tCni mezizubnich prostor
ochromeny
crutch berla
deaf-and-dumb (GB) hluchondmy

deaf-mute (US) hluchondmli
dental floss dent6lni I zubninit
dentist zubai
dentition chrup; proiezdv6ni zubfr
dentures umdl! chrup
depression deprese
dermatologist koZni lekai

diabetes [,dara'bi:ti:2, -es] cukovka
diarrhoea [,dare'rire] prtjem

diphtheria [drf 0rerio, drp-] zd5krt,
diftdrie
filling plomba, vjplii zubu
flu chiipka
focused on st zamdieny na nEco
foetus (GB), fetus (US) ['firtes] plod,
zdrodek
lbod poisoning olrava potravinami.
jidlem
forceps delivery [fo:seps] porod
kle5tdmi
fractures and breaks fraktury a zlomeniny
gargte ['go:gl] kloktat; kloktadlo

gas plyn
fgc:2, gt:z] gina
disabilities postiZeni
gauze
disability tElesnd nebo du5evni vada;
gay homosexudl
postiZeni; nevfhoda, handicap
germ Id3a:m] bakterie; chorobo-
disadvantaged (U S) postiZenf
282
ptodny z6rodek
vovdda
hypnosis hypn6za
hypnotic hypnotickf ; mddiurn (osoba

podldhajici hypn6ze)
illness nemoc, onemocndni
improvement vylepSeni, zdokonaleni

indigestion [, rndr'dgestJen] Spatnd
tr6veni, porucha tr6veni
induced birth Irn'dju:st] umdle
vyvolanj porod
infection n6kaza, i n fekce

infestation zamoieni (napi, hmyzem)
infl ammation
zinlt,
ziryal
influenza chiipka
infrequently nepravidelnE
injection injekce
inoculate sb against... (na)odkovat
ndkoho proti.
medicinr
mescalin
meskal
droga r
phora \
methylar
['me0r
(chemi,
tinu a s
midwife
asistent
migraine
miracle z
miscarril
mononu(
nukle6z
morphin,
mouth-to
do ust
mumps p
HEALTH
KA
rky
it.
inoculation odkovdni
inpatient hospitalizovanli pacient
interaction vzdjernnd pirsobeni. vz6.jenrnd or lir riovdni. souiinnost
intern (US) za1inajici ldkai (v nemocnici)
interrupt pieruiit
invalid invalidni, tdlesn6 postiZeny;
invalida
lr
(droga
lapo-
itch IrtJ] svdddt, svrbdt; svdddni

jab(s) (coll) pichanec, injekce
jaundice [d3c:ndrs] 2loutenka;
z6vist, zdSt'
nechat
ir
rka.
ter
lnd
1'et'6k,
zriviskik
kiss of life umdle dlch6ni
ochromit; slrnout
nutrients Ziviny
obstetrician [,obsto'trrJan] porodnik
oculist ['okjul rst] optik
oll'-colour (GB) slabd nevolnost
(necitit se ve svd kfiZi)
marij uana [,urrcrr'wcr:ne] marihuana
I'rliesord3, me'sord3]
matron ['mertran] vrchni sestra
medicines leky, lediva

menopause piechod, kl irrraktirir"rnr
mescaline (from cactus) ['rneskclrn]
rneskal in ( vysoce hrlucinogenni
droea vyrdbdnii z kaktusu Lophophora Williamsii)
['rnc0rI,ern'fcterni:nl pervitin
onaleni
(chemickd l6tka obsaien6 v pervi-
tinu a speedu)
midwif'e porodni b6ba. porodni
asistentka
(specializuje se na rovndtka)
osteopathy [,osti'npe0i] chiropraxe
osteoporosis [,nstieupa'rausrs]
odr apneni kosti. osteopor6za
migraine ['mi:grern,'mar-] rnigrerra

miracle z6zrak
miscarriage sarnovolny potrat
mononucleosis, mono (coll) rnononukle6za
morphine ['mcrfi;n] nrodln, morfi un.r

mouth-to-mouth umdtd djch6ni z irst
do (rst
mumps piiuSnice; mrzut6 n6lada
overall celkovy
paediatrist, paediatrician ddtski
ldkai
pain bolcst. bolesti: pfrsobit bolest
painkiller lek proti bolesti
pnndemic panddmie (roz3iieni nen'roci rra obrovskdm irzerli)
parall'sed ochmuty
paranoia paranoia (du5evni choroba)
paraplegic [,pera'pl i :dgrk] tlfkajici
se paraplegie; postiZeni paraplegii
(ochrnirti spodni iasti tEla, obvykle
ndslcdkem choroby piiteie)
parasite ['pie resart] parazit

peel loupat se
perception vnimdni, vjem

Pervitin pervitin
pharmaceutical f f-o:rnc'su:trkcl,-'sj
,
farnracer-rticky
pharmaceuticals leky. lei'ir a

physical (US) lekaiskd prohlidka,
vySetieni
physiotherapy fyzikdlni ledba, fyzioteraple
pickles naklddane okurky, zelenina

piles (euph) he'meroidy
pill tabletka, pr65ek; antikoncepdni

pilulka
prescription for st lekaisky piedpis.

recept na neco
pressure points tlakovd body (body

na tepnach, ktcrd je tieba stisklout
pro zastaveni kndceni)
prosthesis ['pros0i:srs] protdza.
protetika
prostitute prostitut(ka), nevdstka

psilocl'bin (from mushrooms)
Isailc'saiben] druh halucinogenni
drogy (vyrobcni z hub)
psychiatr
psychosis Isar'keusrs] psych6za
psychosomatic [,sarkeusa'nrrtrk]
psychomaticky
pus [pns] hnis
rabies ['rcrbi:z] vzteklina

radiologist rentgenolog
radiotherapy radioledba, lcienf

ozaiov6nin-r
ramps ranrpy, naklonerre ploSiny

rash vyrirZka
rate ohodnotit, posoudit
receptionist sestra u piijmu pacientir:
recepdni; sekret6ika
ridicule vysrnivat
penicillin penicilin
poultice ['peultrs] teply obklad;

placka; piiloZit teplj' obklad
pregnancy tdhotenstvi, gravidita
psychiatrist Isar'karotrrst. sr-]
oSetiovdni
urtrkc
poor chudy; chuddk

pot (coll) haSiS. marihuana
promiscuity pror-niskuita
i
outpatient pacient v ambulantnirn
rnaligni
patnc
kovat
ovlivhuj
orthodontist odbornik v ortodonci
methl'lamphetamine
nyzem)
ldkir, jejichZ ircinky se vza jemnd
hnida
opium opium
meditation nreditace
ile
nit
lotion roztok; plet'ovd voda

lumbago il,rrn'berqeu] bederni
irstfel, houser, bolest v kiiZi
malaria maldrie
malignant Imo lrgncnt] zhoubny.
measles spalnidky
(osoba
poly'pharmacy' podrivrini piiliS mnoha
neurosis neuloza
0perate on sb operovat nekoho
medicaments leky. lediva
:dra-
['peul iau(maie'laitis)] detskd

obrna, poliornyelitis
lift (GB) vltah
masA7, rnasfrovdni
d6i
polio(myelitis)
needle (s1'ringe) [sr'rrnd3, srrng]

jehla ( injel<dni stiikadka)
lice, sg. louse vSi, ve5
massage
'I
nauseous odpolny. ncchutny
labour (pains) porodni bolesti
n6ru2ivost
skv-
plaque [plo:k, pl,rk] zubni povlak

pneumonia fnju;'mounie] zdpal plic
nauzea
offend sb urazit, dotknout se ndkoho

ointment mast, mazdni
mania ['mernia] nidnie, zui'ivost.

vy opar
pimp pasrik, kuplii
nausea ['nc:zic, -sic, -ge] nevolnost.
numb rrecitlivli, zmnvelyl zkiehl!;
irregular nepravidelny
junkie (coll)
mute (US) ndmy
se. zesmESrior,at.
delat si legraci
run-down vyderpany. uhoneny. r'e

Spatndrrr zdravotninr stavu
scald Isk.'r:ld.] opaiit: opaicnina

scar Iska:] jizva, Sriim; trvale poznamenat,
zjizvit
scepticism skepse. nedfivdra. pochybovadnost
schizophrenia [,skrtse(u)'fii:nie
schizofienie
sciatica Isar'aetlke] ischias. zindt

sedaciho nervu
scissors niiZky
scratch Skrribat se, drbat se, drdpat

.VOCABULARY.
se
283
HEALTH
screening for (e.g. cervical cancer,
diabetes) preventivni vySetieni
(napi. kvili rakovind ddloZniho
dipku. cirkrovce)
sedative ['sedetrv] lek na uklidndni,
LrtiSeni bolesti, sedativum
throw up zvracet
SPORT
tobacco tabdk
tonsillitis [,tonsr'lartcs] angina
acclimatization Ie,klarmetar'zcrJc]
akl imatizace. piizpfr:oheni se
toothache bolest, boleni zubfr
ace eso (v tenisu a volejbalu)
tourniquet ['tuenrker,'tc:-] Skrtidlo
advantage vyhoda (bod po stavu

shoda v tenisu)
tranquilliser ['trapkwrlarza] uklid-
aerobics aerobik
(k zastaveni krv6ceni)
senility senilita
shedding vypad6v6ni zubir. proliti
krve
iiLrjici, tiSici prostiedek, sedativum
shoot up pichnout si. Slehnout si

(drogu)
shot (coll) d6vka, injekce, 5leh
aim cil
trimester atvftleti, obdobi tii mdsicrl
all-in
truancy chozeni za Skolu, ulejv6ni
amateur ['emete] amatdr

ammunition municc, stielivo
tuberculosis tuberkul6za, souchotiny
zdpas bez pravidel (r, z6pasu)
sick nernocny. chory: na zvraceni
tweezer pinzeta; vytahovat pinzetor"r
apartheid Ie'po:tart, -tert] apartheid
sickness nernoc, choroba; zvraceni
twist (an ankle) vymknout, podvfi-
aperture l'rpetiel hledi

apres-ski [,aprer'ski:] nrisledujici po
nout, vyvrtnout si (kotnik)
side-effect vedlejSi irdinek; prfivodni

sign znak; uZivat znakovou ied
sling, arm in a sling (zlomen6) ruka
v z6vdslr / rra pdsce
typhoid ['tarford] bii5ni tyfus; tyfovf, tyfozni. podobnli tyfu

typhus ['tarfas] skvrnitf tyfus
ulcer ['.r.1so] vied
slipped disc vyhozend plotdnka

smallpox neStovice
smear (test) test piitomnosti rakovin-
unmentionables (euph) hemeroidy

uterus ['jurteles] ddloha
vaccination [, vaksr'nerJen] odko-
JCV
v6ni, vakcinace
nych bundk v ddloZnim hrdle

snakebite hadi uStknuti
sneeze kychat, kychnout;
kfchnuti
solvent rozpouitddlo
sore
throat [sc: Oraut] Skrrlbrini,
boleni v krku; chrapot; z6ndt hrtanu

speed pervitin, povzbuzujici droga
splint dlaha; ddt do dlah, do sddry

sprain vyurknuti. \ iron. nara2eni.
podvrknuti; vymknout si
stimulant povzbuzuj ici, stimuladni
victim obdt'
vomiting zv raceni, d6veni, vrhnuti
ward nemocnidni odddleni; pokoj
weight-gain piirfistek na vaze
wheelchair invalidni vozik, vozidek
white cane bil6 slepeckri htl
whore [hcr] (derog) dEvka, kurva
wind plyny, vdtry (ve stievech)
withdrawal symptoms abstinendni

piiznaky, potiZe pii odvyk6ni (drogdm, 16k&rn, alkoholu)
prostiedek
stitch zaSit, sesit. pfisit; steh

stretcher nositka pro nemocnd
stroke mozkovd mrtvice
suffer from a disease trpt nemoci
X-ray ['eksrer] rentgen, rentgenovy

snirnek; rentgenovat
zoonosis Izeu'onesis, zeuerneusis]
onemocndni pienosnd ze zviiat na
surgeon chirurg
surgery chirurgie; chirurgickli zdkrok,
dlovEka
celodennim lyZovdni; spoledenskii

zabava
aqualung ['ekwel,t4] akvalung,

potripEdsky dyclraci piistroj
archery lukostielba; ludiStnici
arrow
Sip
arrowhead hrot Sipu

athlete l're01irt] atlet; spofiovec
athletics Ia0'letrks] (lehk6) atletika
atrocious [a'treuJos] surovy; krutyi;
odpornf
stiikadka
tablet tableta, pilulka, prd5ek

take sb to hospital odvezt, zavdzt
ndkoho do nemocnice
text-phones textovd telefony (pro
neslySici)
284
bicyclir
bike ko
biking.
binding
birdie
o jede
tderri
blades
block
blocker
bobsled
['bobr
iiditel
bobsled
bodysur
bogey I
na hrd
bolt (U!
z
kr.rSe
bounce
ndn koS
backhand backhand (typ [rderu

v tenisu)
odrazi
boundar
pomez
bowler
ketu)
backstroke znak (plaveck! styl)

bail Spalik, kolik (v kriketu)
bowling
ball mid; micek; nadhoz, odpal

(v baseballu); piihr6dka (ve fbtbalu,
bowstrir
v hokeji)
ballboy sberad rnidk& pii tenisu

ban z6kaz; zakAzat
barbell vzpdradskii dinka

baseball baseball
syringe Isr'rrnd3. srrnSl injekcni
[bar't
+ stie
avalanche ['ave,lo:nJ] lavina, piival

backboard deska, na kterdje piipev-
ordinadni hodiny
syphilis piijice. lues, sydlis
nekor
biathlo
bore (G
barrel hlaveii (zbrand)
strachu ze Skoly)
biased
audience publikurn. divdci
operace; operadni s6l; ordinace;
surgical chirurgickli, operativni

symptom piiznak, symptom
syndrome (e.g. School Phobia Syndrome) syndrom (napi. syndrorn
bias ['L
v kou
bowls kr
boxing i
boycott
braker t
breastst
bull, bul
do stie
basefine zdkladni d6ra (napi. tenisovdho dvorce)
bullet ['l
basket ko5
bunch jr
bat blit na iadd k odpalovdni; p6lka

bathing cap koupaci depice
but
baton ['baton] Stafetovli kolik

batsman, batter prilkai (v kriketu)
beam kladina; triim, kl6da, nosnik
beat / defeat sb porazit ndkoho,
vyhr6t nad nEkfm
belly-flop p1ac6k (skok do vody na

biicho)
belt pdsek (v bojovfch umdnich)
nriboj
zi:odr
paZb
butterfl;
styl)
butts
val
pronikr
caddy, c
vozik r
vlch
calculati
jaklirn
SPORT
:erje]
bias ['baras] SiSatost koule; z6vaZi

v kouli; fale5 dan6 kouli v bowlingu
biased againsl sb zaujatli proti
ndkomu
/u
rdheid
biathlon (cross-country + shooting)
lylich
bicycling cyklistika
bike kolo
biking j(zda na kole, cyklistika
binding lyZaiskd v6z6ni

birdie ['bs:di] podet [rderri. kter! je
o jeden niZ5i neZ je prfimdrn! podet
irderfr na jamku (v golfu)
jici po
trlades noZe brusli
:nsk6
block odraZeni irderu, blok; blokovat

blocker blokai
bobsled (US), bobsleigh (GB)
['bobsled; 'bobsler] bob (z6vodni
iiditelnd s6ne)
bobsledding boby (disciplina)

bodysurf serfovat bez prkna (tdlem)
c
letika
bogey ['beugi] stanoveny podet irdert

na hr6de nebo hru (par) +jeden
iruty;
bolt (US) stiela:
Sip
vystielovany
z ku5e
piival
'iipevI
bounce hazet miiem {napi. o zed'):

otlrazit mid o zem
boundary pomezni Ura; hod aL za

porneznf d6ru (v kriketu)
bowler kuZelkrii; nadhazovad v kri-
r)
ketu)
bowlin g kuZelky; bowl
in-e
bowls kuZelky
btbalu.
bowstring tdtiva luku

boxing box, boxov6ni
.l
boycott bojkot
yna
,h)
cheat podv6ddt
cheer sb on povzbuzovat ndkoho
chop irder shora, sek (v bojovlich
umdnich)
clamp svorka; upinadlo; kramle

cleats [kli:ts] koliky na kopadkrich
clif(-face;
strmd kolmdr stena
climb st vystoupit, vyldzt, vy5plhat

se
n4...
ctips spojky; spojovaci skoby; karabiny (v horolezectvi)
club golfbv6 htl; hokejka; kuZel;

klub; nodni podnik
cock nat6hrrout kohoutek; kohoutek
zbrand
competition soutdZ, z6vod, soutdZeni;

contest sor"lteZ
corner (red, blue, neutral) roh

(derveny projednoho, modry pro
druhdho soupeie, zbyvajicl dva jsou
neutr6lni - v boxu)
bullet ['bulrt] kulka, stiela, projektil;
z6vodnfkfi
styl)
butts val, kter! zachycuje stiely po

proniknuti terdem
caddy, caddie vak na gollbvd hole;
vozik na golfov6 hole; nosid golfovlch holi
calculating schopnf si vypoditat, pod
jakjm
rhhlem odpdlit midek
dash sprint
defence obrana
defender obrdnce
degree pdsek, dan (v dZudu)
deuce ldju:s, du:s] shoda (v tenisu)
discus disk
dive pot6pdt se; skodit po hlave /

Sipku
diving potripdni
division divize
dojo ['deodSeu] tdlocvidna; Zindnka

(pro bojovd umdni)
downhill sjezdor e lyZor dni

draw remiza; tah, losov6,ni soupeit
dressage ['dreso:3] drezira
dribble klidkovat (ve fotbalu); driblovat (v ko5ikovd)
drive odpdlit midek z podstavku,

odraziStd (v golfu)
driver hfil pro odp6leni midku
r.ra
vdtSi vzddlenost (v goltu)
drown [draun] (u)topit
se
eaglejamka zahrand dvd r6ny pod par

(v golfu)
embargo zdkaz
6p6e ['eper, c'per] kord (v Sermu)
equestrian event
Ir'kwestrien r'vent] dostihy; dosti-
hovj
zrivod; jezdeckA disciplina
counterattack protiritok
court dvorec, kurt, hii5td
ethics etika
coverage zpravodajstvi, report6Z
event z6vod, disciplina
cox(swain) [koks(wein)] kormidelnik z6vodni lodi

crampons ['kraemponz] madky,
ex-champion bfvalf Sampi6n, piebomik, rnistr
crease ddra; hokej: brankoviStd;
zdsah do terde;
but paZba puSky, pistole

butterfly stroke motflek (plaveckli
),
catcher zad6k. chytad, lapad (v kriketu); chytaa (v baseballu)
breaststroke prsa (plaveckli styl)
bunch jet v pelotonu, bdZet v klubku
rnik
catch chyceni; chytit
crawl (free-style) kraul (volnj styl)
n6boj
.etu)
cartwheel piemet stranou, hvdzda
horolezeck6 stoupaci Zeleza
do stiedu, trefa do derndho
riilka
cartridge n6bojnice, patrona
braker brzdai (pii jizdd na bobech)

bull, bull's eye [bul]
)nlso-
dartboard terd na Sipky
soupef
bore (GB) kalibr r62e

,
cyclist [sarklrstl cyklista
canoeing kanoistika
[bar'ee0len] biatlon (bdh na

+ stfelba)
asu)
calibre kalibr, r6Ze, svdtl! priundr

callisthenics [,ktehs'0enrks] divdi
gyrnnastika, rytmika, kalestenika
kriket: d6ra urcujici rizemi h6zede

nebo pdlkaie
crew for... byt ilenem posddky u...

cross-check krosdekovat; krosdek
tbrdnini ve hie nedovolenym
expel vyloudit
exposure vystaveni vlivu povdtrnosti,
zimy; pobyt venku
fail a drug test mit pozitivni dopingovi test

fall p6d
fault chybne pod6ni (v tenisu)
crossbar piidne bievno fotbalove

branky
fencing Sermoviini, Serm

field (US) hriStd (napr. pro baseball)
final(s) findle
fire stielba. palba. vystielit
crossbow kuie, samostiil
flag prapor, vlajka
cross-country skiing bdh na lyZich

crowd tladenice, dav lidi
course dr6ha, z6vodi5td; hiiStd (gol-
flight opeieni
zprisobem)
fbve)
court dvorec, kurt, hiiStd

cycle jezdit na koie
Sipu
flippers noZni ploutve k pot6pdni di

plavdni
foil fleret (Serm)

fotballer / fbotball player fotbalista
football field, football pitch (GB)
fotbalovd hiiStd
. VOCABULARY.
285
SPORT
fbrehand forhend (rider v tenisu)
forward irtodnik
foul odpal do autu (v baseballu); faul;
laulovat
freestyle z6pas ve volndm stylu;
plaviini volnim zpisobern
111
load nabit
lob lob (hod vysokfm obloukem napi
hurdles ['hardlz] bdh pies piek6Zky,

piek6Zkovj bdh; piek6Zky
lock z6vdr stielnd zbrand

loner samot6i, dlovdk Zijici osamdle,
hurdling
bEh pies piek6Zky
hypocrisy Ihr'pokrrsi] pokrytectvi,

pietv6ika
frost-bite ornrzlina
l'ullbore velkor6Zni pistole
funicular
hoop obrud ko5e, koS; d6t koS, sk6rovat (v ko5ikove); obrud (v modemi
gymnastice)
hypothermia [,harpeu'0a:mio]
u'nrkj ule] zubadkovd
hypotermie, nfzkii t6lesn6 teplota,

podchlazeni
lanovka
v tenisu)
vyhledrivajfci samotu
longbow stiedovekSi dlouhy luk

long distance ruber bdZec na dlouhd
tratd
lose prohr6t
pass (tlr
balu)
pentath
periods
photo-f
cilem
moZnr
physiqL
tuce
pin vitd
ice-axe cepin (v horolezectvi)
loser ten, kdo prohrdl
pins ku:
game X hnr vyhriiv6 X
ice-fall ledop6d
luge Iu:3] sdnd. sdrikovdni
pistol ((
gamesmanship nesportovni choviini;

pouZiv6ni neetickich metod k dosa-
ice hockey ledni hokej
magpie ['magpar] z6sah do stiedniho kruhu terde
pitons I
game hra (v tenisu)
icing postaveni mimo hru (v hokeji)

infield (diamond) vnitini hiiStd, hraci
Teni cile (pienesend)
gauge (US) [gerd3] kalibr, rdZe
pole re kosoitverce mezi metarni
(zbrand)
glacier
['glrsio]
(v baseballu)
inner z6sah do piedposledniho mezikruZi
inning smdna (doba. po kterouje
ledovec
glove(s) rukavice
goalie brankiii
goalkeeper brankzii
muZstvo na piilce), podiini (v base-
goggles potdpddsk6 bryle
ballu, v kriketu)
graceful privabnj
G
raeco-Roman ieckoiirnskli'
grandstand krytii tribuna s misty
javelin
jerk
o5tdp
up smliknout, vymr5tit nahom
jeu de boules [3n de bu:l] francouzskd kuZelky
k sezeni
greens travnatd hiiStd
gymnastics gymnastika; tdlesn6

vychova
jockey [d3oki] zokej

judo dZudo
jumars Id5u:rnez] jumar (svorka
na land, pohybujici se volnE, kter6
zaklapne, je-li zatiLena smdrem dolri
hammer kohoutek, tdemik stielne

zbrand
hammerless bezkohoutkovli, majici

skryd kohoutky (stieln6 zbrai
hamerleska)
v horolezectvi)
jumping skoky
jump the gun vybdhnout pied startovnirr vystielem
karate [ke'ro:ti diep karate
kayak kajak; jet v kajaku
handgun (US) pistole, revolver

handicap d6t handicap komu, ztiZit
podminky silndjSimu v soutdZi
handstand stoj na rukou
headfirst po hlavE
kick kop (v bojovfch umdnich)
kickoffvfkop (zahdjeni z6pasu ve

fbtbalu)
headstand stoj na hlavd

heafth penalties zdravotni potile zptrsobend napi. sportem
knee bend ['nir bend] diep

lane drdha (z5vodni. plaveck6...)
heat rozbdh ; rozplavba; r ozji2d'ka

helmet piilba, helma
lead vedeni, delo (zdvodu); n6skok;

vest; mit n6skok
hit below the belt rilna, [der pod p6s

hit lhe post. crossbar nasrielit tyd.
leap skok; skodit
bievno (ve fotbalu)
holding drZeni (v hokeji)

holes jamky (v golfu)
holster pouzdro na pistoli
home-run obdh dornt (postup bdZiciho prilkaie po vlastnim odpalu
pies v5echny mety aZ na metu
dom6ci - v baseballu)
hooliganism chulig6nstvf
286
league liga; svaz; spolek
let odp6lit rnid; novy mid (v tenisu)

life-j acket zilchrannd vesta
lift
vlek
lineout roj (pii vhazovirni z auLLr

v ragby)
linesman d6rovy rozhoddi, rozhoddi
na aiiie (v tenisu)
linesmen pomezni rozhoddi (ve
fbtbalu)
marathon ['mrere0en] marat6n

mask ochrann6 maska
mat Zfnnka
match z6pas
miniature ['mrnrtJe] rnaloriiZka

minor nezletily
mob (rozv65ndnj) dav; masy
modelled on st zaloZen na nddem,
vychdzejici z nddeho
moraine fmo'rern] mor6na

mountaineer, mountain climber
[,mauntI'nre,'mauntrn'klarrne]
horolezec
mountaineering horolezectvi
mouthpiece (US) chrrinid zubri
(v boxu)n
musket ['rn,rskrt] muSketa

net sif, sit'ka
nil (no score) nula

ninepins kuZelky
nobleman Slechtic
non-professional neprofesiondlni
novice ['novrs] nov6dek
number 2 iron kovan6 golfov6 hfil
pitcher
s odke
zectvi
player
pole var
pommel
puck [p
Pull! [pi
punch u
punishn
push-up
putter ['
na dok
(v golf
quarrel
z ku5e
quarterquiver tr
race
bdZ
Ait- z^\
racism r
racket,
raft vor;
rafting r
rangemt
zodpor
oars ['c:z] vesla
rapier
obstacles piek6Zky
referee (
(v rinsr
obstruction Ieb'str.r.kJen] brSndni

ve hie
offside ofsajd, postaveni mimo hru

(ve fbtbalu)
outer z6sah do vndj5i diisti terde

outfield vndjii d6st hiiSte (v kriketu,
v baseballu)
overhang pievis
over-step pieSlap
padding chr6nid
paddle p6dlo, veslo
parachute I rprereJu:t] pad6k
pass prohoz (v tenisu)
ra
regulato
reserve r
return
re
revenues
ribbon sr
ride jizdt
rider jez,
rifle puik
rifle-shor
rings kru
rink
kluz
rock-clin
SPORT
pass (the ball) piihr6t mid (ve fot-
balu)
m napr
pentathlon Ipen'tre01on] pdtiboj

periods tietiny (v lednim hokeji)
Lmdle,
llouhd
photo-fi nish probEhnuti (proj eti)

cilem v tdsndm sledu, takZe vitdzeje
moZno urdit pouze z fotografie
physique stavba tdla, tElesn6 konstituce
pin vitdzstvi na lopatky (v z6pasu)
ied-
pins kuZelky (n6radi)

pistol (GB) pistole, revolver
pitcher nadhazovad (v baseballu)
pitons ['pirtonz] skoby, Leleznd hieby
s odkem
k upevn6ni lana (v horole-
zecIvl)
player hr6d
pole vault ['vo(:)lt] skok o tydi
pommel horse krii na5ii s madly
puck [p.tk] tou5, kotoud, puk

Pull! lpull Pal!
punch udeiil. ddt ranu pdsti
punishment trest
)er
na doklepnuti midku do jamky
(v golf'u)
Sip
vystielovanj
kr"r3e
uarter-fi nal(s) dtvrtflnrile

quiver toulec (v lukostielbd)
q
racism rasismus
racket, racquet ['rekrt]raketa
raft vor; jizda na raftu
rafting raltin g, raftov6ni

rangemaster pracovnik stielnice
zodpovddnli za bezpednost
rapier rapir; kord (Serm)

referee (in the ring) rozhoddi
rhru
(v ringu)
'iketu,
jistit
se
rowing veslov6ni
rowlocks veslovd vidlice
rudder kormidlo (u lodi); kor"midlovat
ruffian ['r,rfien] surovec, rv6d, n6sil-
nik, brutrilni dlovdk

rugby ragby
runner-up zSvodnik na druhdm mistd
runners skluznice sani. sanice
running
bdh
sabre Irserbe] Savle

sailboard prkno na windsurfing
score vstfelit branku, sk6rovat; sk6re
scorekeeper zapisovatel bodi bdhem

hry
scorer stielec branky; zapisovatel
vysledkfr
scrum mlyn (z6pas o mid v ragby)

scuba ['sku:be] kyslikovd bomba
(v pot6pEni)
SCUBA (Self-Contained
Underwater Breathing
Apparatus) akvalung (pot6pdci
dlichaci piistroi)
sculling ['sk,th4] veslov6ni na moii
za portLiti p6rovych vesel
scufls skuldrsk4. zdvody (od r. 1931

souiasti primatorek. zucastnit se
mfiZe veslai, kterli dosud neziskal
titul mistra v p6rovd disciplind)
self-defence sebeobrana
reserve n6hradnik
semiautomatic poloautomaticky;
samonabijeci
revenues piijmy, v!nosy
semi-fi nal(s) semifin6le
ribbon stuha (v moderni gymnastice)
serve pod6vat; pod6ni
ride jizda
rider jezdec
set set (v tenisu)
rifle
puSka, rudnice
rifle-shooting stielba z puSky

rings kruhy (tdlocvidnd n6iadi)
rink
kluziStd; hokejovd hiiStd
rock-climbing lezeni po skal6ch
ndkoho
shuttlecock opeieny midek (v badmlntonu)

sidestroke ouSko (plaveckj styl)
silencer tlumid (ve stielbE)
sin-bin trestnd lavice (v hokeji)
ropes (on the ropes) provazy boxerskdho ringu (na provazech)
regulator regul6tor (v potdpdni)
return retum (uder v tenisu)

)e
demi orrmnecticc\
rope up Splhat piipout6n na land;
sanctions sankce
race bdZet, letdtjako o z|vod, zdvodit1' z6vod
ndni
root for sb fandit ndkomu

rope lano, provaz; ivihadlo (v mo-
putter Irp,tte] kr6tk6 golfov6 hril
i hfil
shove sb [J,tv] vrazit, narazit do
bruslich
push-ups (US) kliky
quarrel (GB) stiela,
ilni
shotgun brokovnice
rof ler-skatin g jizda na koledkovj ch
sailboat plachetnice
sailing plachtdni
rl
rock-fall paddni kamenri
shamateur ['Jame,ta:, -tjue, -te]

poloamatdr (ofici6lnd nehraje za
penize, ale dost6vdje)
shin-guards chr6nide holeni

shoot stiilet; hodit; piihr6t
shot-putting vrh kouli
sit-ups sedy lehy

skate bruslit
skate-guards chr6nide na brusle
skater bmslai
skates brusle
skeet skeet (stielba na 200 leticich
asfaltovych holubri, terdri)
ski-jump skok na lyZich; lyZaiskj

mfistek pro skok na lyZich
ski-lift lyZaiskj vlek; lanovka

ski-poles, ski-sticks lyZaiskd hole
skirack nosid na lyZe (na autd)

skier lyZai
skiing lyZovrini
skis lyZe
skittles kuZelky
slam zavdsit mid (v kosikovd)
sled (US) s6n6
sledge (GB) sdnd; s6nd taZend psy
sleigh s6nd taZend koimi

slope lyZaiskj'svah
smallbore malordZka
snatch trh (ve vzpirdni)
snorkel Snorchl (dj'chaci tmbice)

snowmobile snEZnj sk{itr
soccer evropsky fotbal. kopand
somersault l's,r.meso(:)lt] salto

spare srazit v5echny druhjm hodem
(v bowlingu)
sparring stinovy box (nap16zdno)

spectacle efektni podivanii
spells tietiny (v lednim hokeji)
spiker smedai (volejbal)

spikes tretry
spin pimeta; todit se v pimetd (v krasobrusleni)
sportsman spofiovec
sportsperson sportovne zabLeny
dlovdk
sportswoman sponovkynd
springboard skokanskd prkno
sprint sprint
sprinter sprintdr
stadium sporlovni stadion
stands tribuna na sportovnim stadionu
.VOCABULARY.
287
SPORT
starting block startovni, startovaci
blok
toboggan nizkd s6nd, tobogan; dloultd

dopravni s6nE; toboganovri dr6ha
steeplechase steeplechase (konskli

dostih s piekdZkami; bdh na 3000
metrfi piekdZek); terenni bdh (pies-
touch6 [tru'Jer] tu5d (zvol6ni pii

z6sahu v Sennu nebo pii obratne
polni, lesni, silnidni)

stern z6d'lodi
stick hokejka (v lednim hokeji)
tournament ['toanement,'tc:-]
sticks lyZaiskd hole

stock paZba
stopwatch stopky
strike srazit viechny prvnim hodem
(v bowlingu)
string oul be7etjeden za druhym
(roztaleny peloton)
stroke ider (v tenisu, v golfu)
stump tydka branky (v kriketu)
submission neschopnost odolat soupeiovu chvatu
substitute n6hradnik
surf jezdit na pi(bojoviich vlniich,
surfovat
advertiser iUS,1 reklarnni noviny.

kter6 jsou distribuov6ny zdarma
turnaj
..
transfer piestup
travel ud6lat kroky; kroky (piestupek
v ko5ikov6)
tremble chvdt se. ti6st
trigger spouSt'
triple jump trojskok
tripping
podraZeni
trunks p6nskd plavky

umpire [',r,mpaIe] rozhoddi, soudce;
rozhodovat, soudit
umpires (at ringside) rozhoddi (na

vndjSi strand ringu)
vault ['vo(:)lt] pieskok (ve sportovni

gymnastice)
surfboard surf, surfbvaci prkno
aerial (GB) televizni antdna

affect sb [a'fekt] ovlivnit, postihnout
ndkoho
AM (Amplitude Modulation) stiedni

anchor(man) moder6tor, hlasatel
announce ozn6mit
hlasatel, sportovni koment6tor
antenna (CB) antena (vdtSinou velk6,

komerdni)
antenna 1US) antena (vetsinou pro
dom6cnost)
apply a law uplatnit. pouLit zitkon

article dl6nek
arts umdni
assistant editor z6stupce Sdfredaktora
violent n6silnf
suspended suspendovany, dodasnd
visor ['varzo] maska, hledi

volley volej (rhder do mide)
volleyball volejbal
water-skiing vodni lyZovAni
attack Io'tek]napadat, napadnout;
wax vosk
back podporovat
ban (on st) zitkaz (nddeho); zakLzat
suspension vyloudeni; odloZeni,

suspendovdni, sestup o
v soutZi
tiidu niZ
swimming plav6ni
swordfi ghting Isc:dfartrp] Serm;
Sennovdni medem
swordplay Isr:dpler] senx. Sermovdni medem; Serrniiskj vlistup;

slovni Serm
table stirl
tackle brdnit ve hie ftodnikovi; kryt
soupeie s midem; zadrLet, sloLit
itodiciho hr6de v ragby
tackling br6ndni
takeoff odraz
take up st zablivat se dim; zadit
znovu s dim
target ['to;grt] terd

tee off odp6lit rr.rid z podstavku, odraziStd (v golfu)
weightlifting v zpirAni
wetsuit neoprdnov6 kombindza
white-water (canoeing) divokd voda
(kanoistika)
wicket branka (v kriketu)

win zvitdzit, vyhrdt
win a match vyhr6t zdpas, zvitdzit

windsurf pestovat windsurfi ng
winger hr6d na kiidle
winner vitdz
rvishbone r6hno pro drZeni (v sur-
attitude towards st postoj k nddemu

auxiliary verb pomocne sloveso
with st zabyvat
se
nddim
bid for st snaha, irsili; usilovat o ndco

bold tudn6 pisnto
book review kniZni recenze
box rdmedek
branding typ reklamy, vyzdvihuj ici
jednu znadku (napi.: A chocolate bar
is a Mars bar.)
bribery kompce; riplatk6istvi

bribery charges obvindni z korupce
wrestling ['resirq] z6pas

yachting ['jotrq,'j o:tr4 ] jachtaiskf
brightness jas
sport
terraces tribuna k steni (ve fotbalu)
threequarter(s) tiidtvrtka, levj nebo

prav! vnitini ftoenik (v ragby)
throw hdzet. hodit; hod

throw-in vhazov{ni
ticket listek, vstupenka
tie-break rozhodujici hra na konci
nerozhodndho setu (v tenisu)
timekeeper dasomdiid
tofon
cause
zF
censorsl
(napi.
chat sho
rozhlar
osobnr
rozhlar
circulati
civil
civil
ser,
leg:
obdans
classifier
nndle
clone
vdr
coach pr
se poid
nechori
column
comic st
dov6ni
commen
current
bass basovy, hlubok!; bas
fingu)
wood dievdn6 golfov6 h0l
tennis tenis
288
[rtok
be concerned
karika
cassette
chat-shc
announcer rozhlasovy nebo televizni
surfing surfov6ni
vylouieny
cartogri
channel
agreement dohoda
vlny (vlnov6 ddlka

se
caption
titul
cartoon
deho
odpovEdi v debatd); z6sah
towed by... ltoud] tazeni, vledeny.

towel ['tauol] rudnik
MEDIA
abusive [a'bjursrv] urhLliv'i, hanl ivli
accuse sb of st obvinit ndkoho z nd-
brilliant vynikajici. skvdly
compact
compari
compere
competil
complex
conceptconsister
contrast
control
controls
convenie
pdknd
convey tl
broadcaster rozhlasovy, televizni
pfedat
hlasatel; reportdr; koment6tor
copy text
klamy)
broadcasting rozhlasovd, televizni

vysil6ni
broadsheet noviny velkdho fbrm6tu
button tladitko, knofl ik
byJine novinovj' podtitulek se jntdnem autora dldnku
cable kabelovd televize
capitals velkd pismena
copywrit
corporat
eesq so
creative
pracovr
critic krit
MEDIA
lanlivi
z ne-
caption text pod obr6zkem; nadpis,

tirul
cartographer kartograf
cartoon kreslenf vtip, seri6l; komiks;
ny,
ma
karikatura
cassette recorder kazetovy Inagne-
tofbn
,tihnout
;tiedni
rtel
,levizni
]I
r velk6,
pro
kon
:daktora
)out;
ddemr-r
SO
kivat
SC
cause zpfisobit; dfivod, piidina
censorship l'senseJrp] cenzura

channel televizni kan6l; program
(napi. CT l, CNN...)
chat show / talk show (US) televizni,

rozhlasovii beseda (se zn{mymi
osobnostmi)
chat-show host moder6tor televizni,
rozhlasove besedy
circulation nriklad; obdh

civil service stdtni sluZba
civil legal proceedings against...
obdanskoprdvni ifzeni s...
classified advertisements inzertni
d6st periodickdho tisku (rozddlend
podle typu inzer6tt)
o ndco
formerly diive; kdysi
crossword (puzzle) kiiiovka
fortnightly dtm6ctidenik; dtmdcti-
current affairs soudasnd, aktu6lni

ud6losti
cut omezeni, sniZeni, redukce; omezit, sni,2it
free-sheet reklamni noviny, kterd jsou

distribuovdny zdarma
damage sb's reputation poSkodit

nddijmdno, znidit dobrou povdst
debate, discussion debata, diskuse
frequency frekvence
front page prvni strana novin; titulni
striinka knihy
funded from sb, st financov6n nd-
decency ['dirsensi] slu5nost, sluSn6

chov6ni
gadget piistroj
deal dohoda
designer n6vrhiii; vlitvamik

despicable behaviour Idr'splkebl]
opovrZenihodnd, ohavnd chov6ni
difTer in approach to st li5it se v piistupu k nddemu
graft korupce; riplatkdistvi
dismiss propustit
graph graf, diagram, obrazec

graphics uZit6 grafika; grafickd nre-
distract attention from st odv6ddt

pozornost od nddeho
nddeho
roznaSed
documentary dokument6rni fi lm
due to st nAsledkem nddeho; kvirli
nddemu
duplicate ['dju:plrket] kopie; duplikAt
current affairs soudasnd udiilost
edition vyddni; n6klad; verze
compact disc CD, c6d6dko
editorial assistant dlen redakce

editorial irvodnik, redakdni dl6nek
s nddim
compere ['kompee] konf'erencidr
competition soutdZeni, soutdZ

complex sloZityi. komplikovany
concept poJem
glossy dasopis ti5tdnf na leskldm

kiidovem papiru
disc jockey / deejay DJ
distributor distributor;
comment pozniimka; kritika
give away (GB) reklamni noviny,

kterd jsou distribuov6ny zdarma
go downhill upadat, horiit se. jit

z kopce
coach potato peciv6l, dlov6k" kter5i'

se poi6d div6 na televizi a nikan.r
nechodi
comic strip kresleny seridl na pokladovdni v periodickdm tiskr.r
k1im, z nddeho
disagreement neshoda; nesouhlas
distract sb from st odvdst ndkoho od
column sloupec; rubrika; sloupek
denni; dtm6ctidennd
freelance na voln6 noze
clone vEmd kopie; klon
comparison with st srovn6ni

.
crosshead podtitulek, mezititulek
editor-in-chief Sdfredaktor, hlavni

redaktor
eject vysLlnout
embarrassment rozpaky; z6leZitost
vzbuzljici rozpaky
tody, prostiedky
gutter press bulvdrni tisk

habitually drunk alkoholik, notorik,
neustiile
opilf
half-truths polopravdy
headline novinovj' titulek
help wanted (US) voln6 mista (inzer5ty)
host (talk show) konferencier, moderiitor (v talk show)
image obr6zek; pfedstava
vigorously ['vrgeresl il driraznd

inadequately nepii rndiend
indifferent to st lhostejny k nEdemu

inquire into zabyvat se dim
integrity mravni bezihonnost,
integrita
hujici
consistency of style jednotnost stylu
llate bar
contrast kontrast
encourage st, sb podporovat ndco,

ndkoho; dodat n6kornu odvahu
control iidit; ovt6dat
endure sn65et
ruSeni (piijmu rozhlasovj'ch stanic)

intruding obtEZoviini
controls ovl6daci prvky

conveniently bez obtiLi; pohodlnd;
established fact nepopiratelnd sku-
investigate st vySetiovat, zkoumat ndco
)rupce
pdknd
izni
rr
vizni
rmdtu
jmd-
tednost
evidence dfrkazy
convey the message sdElit zprdvu.

piedat sddleni
exaggeration Irg,zad3a'rerJen]
copy text (napi. inzer6tu nebo reklamy); exempl6i, vftisk; kopie
fast forward rychlf posun dopiedu,

rychle piet6deni
copywriter reklamni textai

corporate identity
['kc:peret ar'dentrti] stavovsk6
feature hlavni dl6nek; hlavni pro-
dest, soun6leZitost
creative director tvfirdi vedouci

pracovnik
critic kritik, recenzent
nadsazovdni, zvelidov6ni
gram; uvdst na vyznadnern mistd
fight st br6nit nddemu, bojovat

s
nddim
interference interference. vz6jemnd
investigation into st vySetiov6n(

nddeho
investigative reporting investigativnf

Zurnalistika
irresponsible neodpovddn j'

issue ['IJur, 'rsju:] vyd6ni, dislo;
probldm, ot6zka
italics Ir'tehks] kurziva

journal ['dgs:nl] denik; odbornj'
dasopis
license fee koncesion6iskli poplatek
jumble piehiizet; promichat
FM (Frequency Modulation) VKV
knob [nob] knoflik (napi. rozhlasovdho nebo televizniho piijimade)
(velmi kr6tkd vlny)
. VOCABULARY.
289
MEDIA
lapdog journalism popnl istick6,
servilni Zurnalistika
phone-in / call-in (US) poiad zaloZen! na telefonicklich dotazech

posluchadt di div6ki; voln6 tribuna
lead story hlavni zprdva v novin6ch

leader, leading article [rvodnik,
redakdni dliinek
photographer Ife'tngrefe] fotograf

pie chart kruhovj graf
leave out vynechat, vynechiivat
play hr6t; hra, drama
letter dopis; pismeno
t?J*f
libel ['larbl] pomluva, uriiZka na cti
(pisemnri); veiejn6 ndkoho odernit
plummet ['pl,rmrt] padat; prudce

klesat
Iibellous ['larbeles] nactiutrhadni,
hanlivj
licence fee koncesion6isk! poplatek

(za rozhlas, televizi)
line iridek
live broadcast piimy pienos, Ziv6
popular press bulv6mi tisk

pornography [pc:'nogrefi] pomografie; sprostota
preview piedpremidra hry, filmu;

piedbdZnd recenze (pied uvedenim
local n-ristni
lonely hearts osameld srdce. sezndmeni (inzertni rubrika)
long wave dlouh6 vlnov6 ddlka
loom rysovat se; b1h na spadnuti

low-grade podiadnf, men6 hodnotnj
magazine dasopis
mail-order objedn6vka zboZi po5tou

podle katalogu
mainstream media vdt5inov6 media

medium stied; prostiedek; mddium
medium wave stiedni vlnovd d6lka
merger spojeni; sloudeni; frlze
monopoly [me'nopeli]] monopol

monthly mEsidnik; mEsidni; mdsidnE
negotiations jedn6ni, vyjedniiviini,
zkoumat, vySetiovat
azzi
p apar
azzi ( senzacechtivi
personal['pe:sanl] ozn6meni (inzertni rubrika v novin6ch tVkaiici
jednotlivjch osob)
persuasion Ipe'swer5en] piesvdddeni, smf5leni, mindni, ndzor
290
piehle
rocket prudce vzrust, vyletdt nahoru
row [rau] neshoda; nesouhlas; hddka
switch t
zapnot
rumours / gossip fdmy, klepy
switch
satellite dish satelitni antdna (talii)
tabloid
odima
ldho
1i
tabloid
screen obrazovka
talks
ro;
vdni)
target
dteniii
serial seri6l, dilo na pokradoviini

set piipravenf ; ochotnli
taxation
fem'd
tax reve
prohibit Iprr.ie'hrbrt]zak6zat,
shared authorship kolektivni autorstvi
the tube
short wave kr6tk6 vlnovrl d6lka
timer da
trade pl
nedo-
volit
promise slib; slibit

proof-reader korektor
public service radio veiejnopriivni
sitcom (situation comedy) situadni

komedie (v televizi)
situations vacant (GB) voln6 mista
(inzerity)
odbon
Dezne
transmi
publisher (owner) nakladatel(stvi);

vydavatel; majitel (novin)
skim the headlines proldtnout
transmi
titulky
treble v.
quality newspaper kvalitni, seri6zni

noviny (velkj'formdt)
quality press seri6zni tisk
quarterly dtvrtletnik; dtvrtletni;
sleazy (derog) vulg6mi
trigger:
small-ads kr6tkd inzer6ty
tuner (h
zi;o-
iencri, povstalcri
lovci fotografii)
parody st parodovat nEco
periodical dasopis; pravidelnf
survey
the box
real estate nemovitost(i), reality

rebel forces ['rebel] oddily vzbou-
opt for st rozhodnout se pro ndco

page 3 girls fotografie nahlch divek
na 3. strand bulviirniho tisku
rise stoupnout, stoupat
[s
stoupa
sexist sexisticky, stranici jednomu

pohlavi
racist rasistickj'; rasista

radio set radiopiijimad
oppose st oponovat, odporovat

neaemu
rewind l,ri:'warnd] pietoiit zpet
surge
production editor vyirobni redaktor
race bdZet, Ietdt jako o zi;od,

dit; zi;od
obviously ziejmd
supplen
tek, dr
sensitive citlivli
dtvrtletnd
obituary Ie(u)'brtJueri] nekrolog
restrictions on st omezeni nddeho

review recenze, kritika
reviewer recenzent, kritik
vysilaci das
printer tiskai; tiskdrna
probe vy5etiovdni, proietieni; hledat,
quit rezignovat
newsreader (GB) hlasatel, ktenj

obvykle dte zprdvy
sue sb fi
uriiZkt
sensationalised Isen'serJenelarzd]
plnd senzaci
rozhovory
newscaster (US) hlasatel, kteryt obvykle dte zpr6vy
responsible odpovddnj; nesouci

zodpovddnost
dila); upout6vka na televizni poiad

prime time / peak time (US) hlavni
rozhlas
miscellaneous [,mrsel'ernies] tfkajici se rfiznSich tdmatl ruznd
subtitle
scan zbEZnd prohlddnout, pieletdt
press tisk
vysil6n(
p ap a r
Piehrdni nahtandho z6-
resign rezignovat
receiver (tech) piijimad; sluch6tko

recognize ddt najevo: zjistit: uznat
record frr'kc:d] nahrdt
reduction omezeni, sniZeni, redukce
refuse odmitat, odmitnout
reject odmitat, odmitnout

reliable sources spolehlivd, hodnovdmd zdroje
se
(zbdLnd prohl6dnout)
smear campaign
Ismre kaem'pern] organizovan6
oderiovaci kampai, (napi. sdrie
novinovych dl6nkn)
soap (opera) kornerini seridl (rozhlasovf nebo televizni, obvykle
z rodinn6ho Zivota)
source zdroj, pramen
special correspondent zvl6Stni
zpravodaj
turn up
zeslabi
TV com
TV host
TV set tr
type tisk
typeface
spending vjdaje
typesetti
sports editor sportovni redaktor
typical t
state-run stiitni, iizen), stAtem

static atmosfdrick!; statickj (tlikajici
ugly
se atmosf6rickyich poruch)
stringer redaktor. kteryi pracuje pro

vice redakci
strip kresleny
seridLl na
pokradov6ni
v periodickdm tisku
sub-editor pomocny redaktor; spolu-
reliance on st spoldh6ni na nEco

remote (control) drilkovd ovl6d6ni
subhead podtitulek, mezititulek
report zpr6va (novinovil)
subscription to st piedplatnd nEdeho
tuner (
zvuk)
vydavatel
neco
Ska
unbiaser
nestrar
unscran
sloZit,
variety
verbose
uZvani
video ca
(rekorr
CULTURE
subtitle podtitulek, mezititulek
violence ndsili
CULTURE
cl
sue str for libel [su:] Zalovat koho pro

ur6Zku na cti
volume hlasitost
vow [vau] slib; slibit, slibovat
accordion Ie'kcrdien] akordeon,
eho
supplement novinov6 piiloha; doda-
want ad, wanted kr6tkj inzerdt.

kterym se hled6 zarndstn6ni, ruznd
piedmdty apod.
accurately piesnd
act akt, ddjstvi,jedn6ni div. hry; hr6t
wavelength vlnov6 ddlka
act st out piedv6ddt, hr6t ndco
weekly tjdenik; tlidnd, kaZdli tliden

welfare soc i6lni zabezpe(eni
adapt (for) upravit, adaptovat (pro)

admire sb, st obdivovat se nCkomu,
tek, doplndk
surge Is:ld3] prudce stoupnout,
stoupat
)et
survey ['sa;veI] anketa; dotazovdni;

piehled
ahoru
h6dka
switch the set off / on vypnout /

zapnout piijimad
swilch vypinai. piepinai. spinad
alii)
tabloid bulr arni platek tnoviny ma-
ilet
necemu
ldho fbrm6tu)
air Iee] melodie.
dten6isk6 obec urditdho zamdieni
)mu
an R-film (restricted) film nepii-
revenues piijmy z danf
stupny ddtem
the box (coll) bedna, televtze

the tube (coll) bedna, televtze
timer dasovy spinad
mista
ancestor ['anseste] piedek

animation animace; kreslenj fi1m
trade press noviny nebo dasopisy pro

odbomiky, zasilane piimo (nelze je
bdZnd koupit)
transmit vysilat
transmitter vysilad
treble vysok6 frekvence t6ni, v1iSky
trigger zpfisobit, odstafi ovat

tuner (hi-fi) ['harfar] ladici zaiizeni,
tuner (hi-fi : dokonale reprodukuj ici
'anit
irie
zesilrit
zeslabit (zvuk, hlasitost)

rozkle
TV commercial televizni reklama

TV host televizni moder6tor
TV set televizni piryimad
type tiskovj typ, pismo; ps6t na stroji
typeface druh pisma
typesetter sazei: sdzeci stroj

or
jkaj ici
e
pro
ov6ni
spolu-
:k
anthem ['en0em] hymna

antiquarian bookseller
[,rentr'kweerien] antikvari6t
appendix, pl. appendixes, appendices [e'pendrks] rejstiik, dodatek
applaud Ie'plcrd] tleskat, aplaudovat
aria l'c:rie] 6rie

arran gement hudebni riprava, zpracov6ni
artist ['crtrst] umdlec, zv165tE malii
zvuKJ
turn up / down the volume
alto ['rlteu] alt; altistka; altsaxofon;

viola
ltorstvi
acni
s1 s-
tdm; dand
ta\
ndpev. arie
aisle [ar1] ulidka rnezi sedadly

alien ['erlien.l cizinecl vetrelec: cizi:
nepi6telskli
target audience ['torgrt'c:diens]

ni
adventure dobrodruZstvi
advertisement reklama, reklamni film
afterword doslov
v6ni)
taxalion piijem z dani: dahovy
roli
adulthood dospElost
tatrloid press bulvdmi tisk

talks rozhovory (edn6ni, vyjedn6-
nzdf
tahaci harmonika
typical of st piiznadnli, typickj pro

ndco
ugly Skaredj, oSk1iv1i, nehezky

unbiased [,tn'barest] nezaujatj,
nestranny, objektivni
unscramble [.tn'skrrmbl] spojit;
artiste [o:'ti:st] artista

assassin Ie'sresIn] vrah, atentdtnik
atlas ['ret1es] atlas
attendance n6vStEvnost, podet piitomnych n6vStdvnikfr
auditorium, pl. auditoriums, auditoria [,c:dr'tcrriem] hiediStd, s61

author's proofs autorskSr korektura
autobiographical
[,c:teu,bareu' graefikal] autobio-
grafickf
autobiography l,crteubar'ogrefi]
autobiografie. r lastni Zivolopis
avanl-garde l,rvon:'go:dl avantgardni
slozit, d6t dohromady

variety show varietni piedstaveni
backstage zdkulisi; z6kulisni
verbose drunkard [ve:'beus, ve-]

uZvan6ny opilec
balalaika balalajka
video cassette recorder (VCR) video

(rekorddr)
bagpipes dudy
balcony balk6n
ballad balada
nddeho
.VOCABULARY.
291
CULTURE
band kapela, hudebni skuprna;
chapter kapitola
orchestr
counterpoint kontrapunkt; zdfraznit;
charcoal ['tJo:keul] kresliiskj uhel;
banjo bendZo
bar taktov6 ddra; takt
traritone baryton
barrack pokiikovat, povykovat,
kresba uh1em, uhlokresba; dievdnd
country country (hudba)
uhli
cover deska; vazba
cheer['t.fre] povzbuzovat, provol6vat

sl6vu
chisel ['tJrzell dldto: sekai: rnajzlik:
dlabat; sekat; tesat
piskat na ndkoho
bass [bers] basovy, hlubok!; kontra-
choir [kware] pdveckj sbor; skupina
bas, basa
stejnfch n6strojfi v orchestru

chorus ['kc:rss] ch6r (antickj; po-
bassoon [be'surn] fagot

battle bitva; boj; zrlpas
stava alZbdtinsk6ho dramatu); sbor

(per ecky. taneini v opeie. operetd.
mnzilz4l,,\'refrdn
beheading stdti; useknuti hlavy

believable vdrohodnli
chronicle l'kronrkl] kronika; zazna-
bells zvonky; zvony
menat, zapsat
bitrliography [,brb1i'ogrefi] biblio-
clarinet [,klarr'net] klarinet
binding (cloth, leather) kniZni vazba

(p16tno, kiZe)
biography lbar'ogrefi I zivoropis
classical klasickj
blues blues
classical music v6Zn6, klasick6 hudba
blurb reklama, upout6vka na ziio\ce
clay
knihy nebo v tisku
jil;
sochaiskri, hmdiisk6 hlfna

se
k vitdzne strand; ,,chytit vitr"
boo vypiskat ndkoho; volat hanba, fuj
booklet kniZka, broZura
clip klip
bookshop knihkupectvi
cloakroom ['kleukrum, -ru:m]

Satna; toaleta (GB); pieds6li parla-
bouquet [bu'ker] kytice

bow [beu] smydec
box l6Ze
brochure ['breuJe] broZura, 1et6k
brush Stdtec; kart6d; smet6k
brushes metlidky
bugle | 'bj u:gl I trubka: polnice:
sign6lni roh
bursl inlo applause zaiit tleskat.

propuknor-rt v potlesk
bust bysta; poprsi
butterflies in the stomach (coll)

ner,,ozita, trdma
by heart zpamdti, nazpamdt'

cacophonous I ke'kofenesl kakofonickli, nelibozvudnli
cameraman kameraman; fotoreporldr

cantata fkrn'torta] kant6ta
canvas ['krenves] maliiskd plitno;
malba, obraz
cartoon fko:'tu:n] kresleny seri6l,

komiks; kreslenj, vtip
cast list osoby a obsazeni
castanets kastanEty
cello, pl. cellos ['tJeleu] violoncello,
cello
chant [tJo:nt] zpdv, n6pdv; liturgickj

zpdv; Zalm; zazpivat; recitovat
292
crayon kreslici uhe1, pastel

cunning prohnany, mazany, vychyr
ral'!
curtain ['kartn] opona; z6clona;
mentu (US)
close-up zihdr zblizka
collage ['kolor3] kol6Z; ddlat kol62e
column ['kolom] sloupec sazby;

sloupek; sloup
suchor
dubbed
dulcime
stroJ p
dustjacl
zaves
curtain call vyvol6v6ni idinkujicich

potleskem
easel
['i
edit stiil
cut iezat; stiihat

cutting room stiiZna
cymbalon dulcimer (strunnf ndstroj
piipominajici cimb6l)
deadly smnici. vraZedrry: hrozny.
climb on the bandwagon

[kiarm 'band,wregen] piidat
boast chlubit se, vychloubat se
(drube
dry poir
mazal
classic klasika; klasicky, tradidni
drumm,
drumsti
cymbals ['srmbelz] dinely

dauber (infml) [dcrbe] Spatnj malii,
clap (one's hands) tleskat
grafie, bibliologie
kontrastovat
straSnj
vitkv
educatir
naucn'
electron
elegy e|
emergel
emit [r'r
encounl
s ndkl;
dedication v6nov6ni
deserve fdr'zarv] zaslouZit si, zasluhovat
encyclol
encyk
endnote
krihy
detective story detektivka
diary ['dateri] denik, z6pisnik

dictionary slovnik (kniha)
dilettante, pl. dilettantes, dilettanti [,drlr'trenti] diletant; amatdr;
ochotnik
director Idar'rekte, dr'-] reZisdr;

..liricpn+.;o..litol
engrave
epic
['e1
epilogur
zavr
erotic [r
smyslr
etching
disco diskotdka
comedian komik; autor komedii
discordant disonantni ; disharmonickli
euphoni
mal6 t
comedy veselohra, komedre
distance shot z6bdr zd6lk1,
excitem
complimentary ticket voln6, destnd
distributors distributoii; pfijdovna
exhibit
vstupenka
filmrj
exhibiti,
composer skladatel
documentary dokument6rni
concert-goer n6vStdvnik koncerttr

concert-hall koncertni sii
concerto Ikon'tJeeteu] koncert
doggerel ['dogerel] kostrbaty verS,

biisei psan6 v kostrbatych, neumdi!ch ver5ich
experinr
dolly shot zdbdrjedouci kamerou
facsimil
pro s61ov1i n6stroj s doprovodern

orchestru
conductor dirigent
connoisseur [,kone'ss:] znalec
considerable znadny
contemporary soudasny; soudasnik
contents obsah
copyright autorskd
pr6,vo
cornet ['kc;nrt] komet; kornetista

corpse (coll) [kc:ps] mrlvola; zkazit
divadelni vlistup, vyvdst herce
z konceptu
costume designer n6vrh6i kostjmfi

costumes kostfmy
fi
lm
expectat
extras
f
double bass ['d,tbl bers] kontrabas

drama divadelni hra; drarnatickd
umdni, drama
drawing kresba; ndkres; vykres

drench promodit, prom6det, zm6(,et
dress circle (GB) balk6n
dress rehearsal gener6lni zkouika
frkrc
zmene
fade
in:
fade oul
faded
cc
failure
fanfare
vyhl6s
dressing room hereck6 Satna
fantasy
drive-in (US) kino, restaurace, banka
farce fra
apod., kam lze vjet autem
drum buben
drum sb out ofst vyhnat, vyloudit
ndkoho z nddeho
drum set bici (n6stroje)
favourit
fiction
fiddle at
si; mar
CULTURE
drummer bubenik
drumstick palidka na buben; pedeni
(drubeZi) stehno
/chyr-
rjt
suchoLr
jehlou
dubbed dabovany
dulcimer ['d,rlslme] dulcimer

stro.1
icich
podobnj cimbSlu)
1nd-
dustjacket obal, piebal

easel f i:zell maliisky stojan
edit stiihat, sestiihat; sestavit; piipravit k vydrini
educational v11chovn1i, vzd6ldvaci,
egy elegie, Lalozpd,v
malii,
emergency exit nouzovy vlchod
n:i.
emit Ir'mrt] vysilat. vyd6vat

encounter sb Iln'kaontc] setkat
u-
r-
se
encyclopaedia Irn,sarkle'pi:dic]
encyklopedie; naudny slovnik
ronickli
rer5,
umd-
lu
lbas
.d
ika
banka
IClt
zasazeni, r6mec (ddje)
fraudulent ['frc:djulent] podvodnj'.

faleSnli
free verse volny ver5
French horn lesni roh
full
epic ['eprk] epick6 biiseii, epos

epiloguc ['eprlog] epilog, doslov,
erotic Ir'rotrk] erotick!; milostny;
smyslny
gala performance ['go:la] gala

piedstaveni
gallery galerie; nejvyS5i balk6n.

gangway (GB) ulidka mezi iadami
sedadel
etching ['etJrp] lept

euphonium [ju:'feuniem] eufonium,
mal6 tuba
genre ['gon:re, '3on-] Z6nr
grand piano [grand pi'ieneo] koncertni kiidio; klavir
graphics grafika. grafickd metody,
exhibit uk6zat, ddt najevo; vystavovat

exhitrition vystava
expectation oiekdv6ni, nadEje
experimental experimentiilni
extras dlenov6 kornparsu, statistd
facsimile reprint
ffak'srmrli ,rir'prlnt]
house vyprodanli s6[
poi'adi v hledi5ti
dotisk v ne-
zmdndndm vyd6ni
fade in zesilit zvuk; roztmivat obraz

fade out zeslabit zvuk; zatmivat obraz
6iet
folk ffeuk] lidovli
knihy nebo d6sti knihy)

engraver rytec
excitement nadSeni
vna
flute fldtna
flyleaf, pl. flyleaves ['flarli:fl volnl;'
list, priizdnf, kryci list
endnote koncovd pozn6mka (na konci
zavEr
ir;
flat tcin o pil t6nu sniZenf (bddko)

flop propadak. tiasko. neuspdch
flugelhorn kiidlovka
frame r6m (obrazu); okdnko (filmu);
s ndkj'm
zasl
fire curtain bezpednostni opona

first night premidra
footnote pozniimka pod darou

foreword piedmluva
foyer ['fcrer] kulodr, foyer
electronic elektronickli'
ef
5pinavyi'; hnusny
follower stoupenec. piivrZenec
naudny
rsrroJ
filthy obscdnni;
fine pokuta
dry point such6jehla na ryti; rytina

suchou jehlou;
fife piSfala, pikola
prostiedky
grisly l' grrzlil piiSernj, nahrindjici

hrrizu
group skupina: hudebni skupina

grunge [gr.tnd3] hudebni a m6dni
styl pod6tku 90. let 20. stoleti;
rockov6 m6da
guesswork dohady
guitar kytara
hammond organ varhany Hammond
faded colours vybledld, vyrudle barvy
(elektronickd se dvdma kl6vesnicemi)
failure ['ferlj a] nerispEch

fanfare [' fen fee] fanf6ra; vytroubit,
handbook piirudka, pnivodce

happy ending 5t'astnf konec, happy-
vyhl6sit
fanlasy ['fen tasi] fi kce: l'antazie

farce fra5ka
favourite (GB), favorite (US) oblibenf; oblibenec
fiction beletrie; fikce
fiddle about, around hriit. pohr6vat
si; marnit das
end
hardback vinanlkniha ve tvrdjch

desk6ch
harmonica Iho:'rnnnrke] foukaci

harmonika
harmonious [ho;'meunies] harmonick17; libozvudn!

harmony ['ho:monil harmonie
harp [ho:p] hart'a; hr6t na harfu

harp on about st st6le mluvit o ndem
harpsichord ['ho:psrkc:d] cembalo

have a long run byt dlouho souddsti
repertoaru
have an ear for music mit hudebni
sluch
head hlava; hlavidka; blit v cele, r,dst

heading z|hlavi, nadpis, titul
heavy metal heavy metal (druh rockovd hudby); tdZkf kov
hero ['hrereu] hrdina
heroine ['hereurn] hrdinka (hlavni

postava dila)
hi-hat, high hat Slapaci dinely (soud6st bicich)
hiss vypiskat
historical novel historickj romiin

humour (GB), humor (US)
['hju:me] hunror; n6lada, rozpolo2eni
hymn Ihrm] hymnus, cirkevni piseii.

chvalozpdv
illustration [,rle'strerJsn] ilustrace

improvise improvizovat
in the wings v z6kulisi

index, pl. indices, indexes ['rndeks]
seznam; rejstiik
instrumental instrument6lni
intellectual property duSevni vlastnictvi
interior Irn'trerie] interier

intermission [,rnte'mrJan] piestdvka
interval ['rntevo l] piestdvka

intrigue ['rntri:g] intriky
introduction [rvod
jacket obal, piebal, obdlka
jazz diez
jazz st up (inlmltddr necemu Srnrnc.
trochu Zivota
kettle drums tymp6ny, kotle

ke5board kldr esnice, klaviarurr
keyboards kldvesove ndstroje
lacklustre ['laek, l,tste] fddni, bezduchli
landscape krajina
latecomer opozdilec
launch llc:ntJl uvdst na trh; vypustit
layman laik
leather binding ['lede 'barndr4]
koZenii vazba
litrrarian knihovnik
limerick limerik (p6tii6dkov6 vtipn6
nebo nesmysln6 rlimovadka)
.VOCABULARY.
293
CULTURE
nursery rhyme detsk6 iikanka
lino cut ['larneu k.r.t] linoryt
lithograph ['h0eugro:f] litografi

live theatre Iarv '0rete, 0i'ete]
skutedne, opravdove divadlo
lobby kutodr; fbyer

lullaby [' l.rlebar] ukolebavka
lyric lyrika, lyrickd brisei, piseii
lyrics text. slova. zejm. popularni
oboe ['eobeu] hoboj; varhanni
piano accordion pianov6, kl6vesov6

harmonika
purple I
observe Ieb'zerv] pozorovat

ode [aud] oda
piccolo pikola (maki fldtna)

pick vybmk6vat, brnkat; vybrat
piclure gallery galerie. obrazdma
plates obrazov6 piiloha
oil painting olejomalba. olej
play by ear hrdt podle sluchu; impro-
rack
rejstiik
obscure nejasnSi
on location v terdnu, v redlu
vizovat
one-acl play icdnoaktovka

open-air theatre divadlo v piirodd
play to a packed / empty house

hr6t pfed vyprodanym I prindnym
madrigal ['medrrgol] madrigal
opera ['o(e)pre] opera
mallet
playwright drarnatik, autor divadelni
oratorio oratorium
orchestra (US) [' crkestre] sedadla
['mrlrt]
palice, dievdnd
paliika
mandolin [,maende'lrn] mandolina

mankind Imen'karnd] lidstvo
manual ['menjuel] manu6l, piirudka
manuscript ['rnaenjuskrrpt] rukopis
margin okraj
market economy Ir'konami] trZni
hospod6istvi
mass
[mrs]
v piizemi (v divadle)
orchestr, orchestiiStd
orchestral orchestrdlni
outdoor cinema (GB) letni kino
out of tune fale5nf, rozladdnyi'
output tvorba
me3ni zpdvy; mSe
overdue trook kniha
odpoledni piedstaveni
melodious Ima'laudies] melodickj,

dobie zndjici
melody ['meledi] melodie, ndpdv
memoirs ['memwo:z] pamdti
mercy ['ma:si] milost, milosrdenstvi
rrezzosoprdn
Mills and Boon romance harleklnka

miniature ['mrnrtJe l rniniatura:
piedehra
overwrite piepisovat, pfepsat
painter malii
painters' supplies maliiskd potieby
pan snimaci kamera; najet, zabrat,
panor6movat
panpipes Panova piSt'ala. syrinx.

mold6nky
pantomime pantomima; poh6dkovd

revue hran6 o Vdnocich (GB)
paperback viizanil kniha v mdkkych
desk6ch
drobnokresba
minute detail Imar'nju:t'dirterl]

drobn! detail
misfit dlovdk na nespr6rvndm mistd;
ztracend existence
motif Imeu'tirf] motiv

mouth organ foukaci harmonika
mouthpiece neustek, n6trubek
movie (US) filnr
musical hudebni; muzik6lni, hudebnd

nadanlT; rnuzik6l
musical instruments hudebni n6stroJe
mystery detektivka
newsreel tjdenik (v kind)
paragraph odstavec; sloupek

part d6st; dil; role
passage pas62,.[ryvek
pastel Irprestel] pastel (obraz

i barva); borytov6r modi
pedestal ['pedcstel] podstavec, stojan, piedestal, sokl
percussion [pe'k,r.Jan] bici. perkuse
performance piedstaveni; provedeni
(dila); interpretace; vystoupeni
perfbrmer tdi nkLrj ic i; umdlec
periodicals [,prari'odrkalz] dasopisy,

periodickli tisk
personnel [,pa:so' nel I osazenstvo.
zamdstnanci; osobni, k6drovyi
non-fiction literatura faktu; popul6md

naudnii literatura
note nota; t6n; kl6vesa

novel romdn; iiddeji novela
nudes akty
294
pro5lou vy-
overture ['euvetjue,'ouvatJe]
mezzanine (US)
['metseni:n, 'meze-] prvni balkon

mezzo soprano Irmetseu sarprorneu]
hry
po.
rattle st
molit
hrdt
p<
reassun
plectrum ['plektrem] trs6tko, plek-
ndni
recital
plot z6pletka
pluck vybrnk6vat, brnkat

podium ['peudiem] sedadlo v amfitedtru; p6diurr
poem b6rsei
recite [r
deklar
recorde
reed jaz
niistro-
reel st o
popular popul6rni
porcelain vase ['pc:selrn vo:2, vels]
porcel1novit vtna
pornographic [,pc:ne'grefrk] pornograficky
portrait ['pcrtrrt, -trert] portrdt,

podobizna
neco
referent
vysve(
referent
dilo
refuge I
zdchra
rehearsr
eovat
practise cvidit (hru na hudebni

ndstroj)
rehearsr
praise oneself chv6lit se

predictable piedvidatelny
preface ['prefrs] piedmluva
premiere ['premiee, premi'ea]
premidra, prvni provedeni
reject
or
repertol
repeft(
requien
pretentious Iprr'tentJes] pompdzni;

domli Sliv!, sebevddomf
previews (GB) ['pri:vju:z] kitiky
rekvie
rest pon
rest on
uveiejndnd pied uvedenim dila,
na vatv
filmu, atd.
previews (US) ['pri:vju:z] kr6tkd
uk6zky z filmfr promitand jako
revert tl
reklama, fi lmov6 upout6vky
printing tisk
producer producent; reZisdr (GB)
promenade [,prome'nord,,pro:me'n
erd] promeniidni koncert
prompt napovddEt, napovidat

prompter n6pov6da (v divadle)
prompter's box ndpovddni budka
prose pr6za
PG (parental guidance) ml6deZi piistupno v doprovodu rodidri
pseudo-art Isu;'dnu a:t] pseudo-
physique Ifr'zi:k] stavba tCla, postava

piano lpi eneul klavir. pidno
psychodrama [,sa rkou'dro:ma

psychologickd drama
revoluti
rhyme I
rhythm
rhythm
rocker
ridiculo
.1ici si
rock
'
roc
rock'ntl
romanc
milost
roman
royaltie
umdni
publish publikovat; vydat

knihu
quote cl
read mr
poetry poezle
pfrjdni thfrtou
matin6e ['mrcttnet,,mreten'et]
hlediStdm
trum
orchestra pit [' c:krstra] misto pro
put dor
stojan
madman bl6zen. Silenec
pisne
pulp lite
punk m
procer
ti6mrr'
z patel
CULTURE
r'esova
pulp literature liter6mi 5kv6r
punk music punkovd hudba

rt
rma
purple poetry sentiment6lni poezie

put down a book odloZit rozedtenou
knihu
quote citovat
lmpro-
rack police, polidka, piihr6dka, reg6l,

stojan
SE
dnfm
vadelni
rattle st off odhrkat, odemlit, oddrmolit ndco

read music zn6t noty; umdt zPivat,
hr6t podle not
reassurance ujiStdni; itCcha, uklid-
plek-
neni
recital [rr'saltal] recit6l

recite Irr'sartl piednd5et. recilovat.
deklamovat
'amlite-
recorder Irr'kcrda] zobcovd fldtna

reed jazydek, pl6tek hudebniho
niistroje
reel st off odiikat, oddrrnolit, odhrkat
nEco
r, vers]
II nnrv"'
ila,
rtkd
(o
lB)
'o:me'n
reperto6r; reperto6rovd divadlo
requiem (mass) ['rekwiem mres]

rekviem, z6du5ni mSe
rest pomlka, pauza
rest on one's laurels ['lorelz] usnout
na vaviinech
revert to st vr6tit se k nEdemu

revolutionary revoludni
rhyme [rarm] r5inr; rlrnovat
rhythm ['rrdem] rytmus; metrum

rhythm and blues (R & B) smds
rockenrollu a blues
ridiculous sm65n!, absurdni, zasluhu-
jici
si vlismdch
rock rock, rockovd hudba

3)
rock'n'roll rokenrol
rdka
romance freu'mens,'reumens]
milostnf romiin; rytiisk! rom6n;
do-
^t
spine hibet knihy
saga ['so:ga] s6ga, legenda

scale stupnice; 5k6la; rozsah hudebniho n6stroje
spy novel SpioniiZni rom6n

stacks sklad knih v knihovnd
scan mit sprdvnj rytmus (o ver5i)

scene Isi:n] jer istni vystup: scenal
6rie
romance (hud.)
royalties autorsky honor6i (danj

procenty z prodanlch knih), tantidmy; licendni poplatek, poplatek
z patentu
spinet Ispi'net] spinet, kr6tkd pianino
staff, pl. staves notovii osnova, linky

slage jer iSte. scena: divadlo: dralr-ra
stage crew 5t6b
scenery ['sirnari] dekorace, kulisy,

vj'prava
stage designer jeviStni n6vrh6i
sci-fi fi lm ['salfar] vddeckofantas-
stage hand kulis6k
tick! film
science
fi
literatura, film
screenplay filmovf sc6niii
script scdn6i, text
scriptwriter autor textu, scen6rista

sculptor sochai
sculpture ['sk,tlptJe] socha, sousoSi,
skulptura; plastika
secular svdtskj
set to music zhudebnit

shape tvar, forma; podoba
pil
t6nu (kiiZek)
shoot a film todit film

shot z6b6r (ve fihnu); snimek, fbtografie
show sb to their seats uv6st na mista

(v divadle, v kind apod.)
side drum malj bubinek s dvEma
palidkarni
sight-read umet dist, hriit z listu

sitar ['srto:] sitar (indicky hudebni
ndstroj
sketch nddrtek, n6drt, drta, skica

slapstick comedy groteska; klauni6da
slow motion, slo-mo (coll) zpomalenli film
snare drum ['sneedr,tm] maly
bubinek
sold out vyproddno
soloist ['seuleulst] solista
sonata Iserno:te] son6ta
sonnet ['sontt] sonet, kr6tk6 lyrickd
milostn6 b6sei
soprano Ise'prorneu] sopr6n; sopranista, sopranistka

sound track zvukovd stopa, zvukovi
zAznam
fright
tr6ma
stage props rekvizity
stand in for sb zastoupit nekoho

stand-in dvojnik, dubl
standing ovation ovace, potlesk
vestoje
stanza ['staenze] verS, strof'a

statue socha
still life z6ti5i

stringed instruments strunne. smydcovd n6stroje
set scdna
sharp t6n zvj5enj o
stage
stage manager hlavni inspicient
ction vddeckofantastick6
sequel ['si:kwel] iada. s6rie

serious v6Znj
repertory, rep (coll) ['repeteri]
itiky
special effects zvld5tni ef'ekty
reference book piirr"rdka, infonnadni
dilo
refuge [' relu:d3] ritoei5te; ritulek;
zlchrana
rehearse Irr'h:a:s] zkouiet. nacr i-
spatula ['spaetjule] Spachtle, stdrka
safety curtain bezpednostni (ohnivzdorn6) opona v divadle
section kniZni arch; irsek; d6st; oddil
rehearsal zkouSka
reject odmitnout; propadnout
pezni;
nat6den( fllmu
reference reference, doporudeni,

vysvdddeni
covat
al
rushes promitdni vysledku denniho
strum drnkat na hudebni ndstroj

studio (maliiskf) atelidr; (fi lmove.
televizni) studio
stunt-man / woman dvojnik, kaskaddr
subject matter tdma, n6mdt, obsah

subsidise ['s,Lbsidaiz] podporovat,
subvencovat
subtitles titulky
suite Iswi:t] suita
summary shrnuti, krdtkf obsah
superstitious [,surpe'strJes] pover-
divj
supplement piiloha; dodatek

supporting part vedlejSi role
symphonic poem symfbnick6 b6sefi
symphony symtbnie
synthesiser ['srn0asalze] syntetizAtor
take curtain calls ddkovat se pied

oponou
talkies (historical) zvukove filmy
tambourine [,tambe'riln] tamburina

tapestry gobldn. tapisdrie
tasteless f6dni, neslany nemastni:
nevkusny, netaktni
tearjerker [,tIe'dgarko] dojdk, sentiment6lni klid
technique Itek'nirk] zpisob, postup,

technika, technologie
techno ['teknau] techno

.VOCABULARY.
295
CULTURE
tenor ['tene] tenor; tenorista
textbook udebnice
theme music hlavni melodie
thesaurus [0i'sc;res] tezaurus, tematickli slovnik
thriller napinavj romiin, fihn, detektivka
title titul, niizev

loccata and fugue lle'ko:te. iju:gJ
tokdta (skladba pro klar esor e
n6stroje) a fuga
tone-deaf bez hudebniho sluchu
tongue twister jazykolam
touching dojimavli
traditional ltr:'drJt e )nell lradia'ni

tragedian ['tradSrdien] tragdd; autor
tragddii
tragedy ['trred3edi] trag6die; tragika

tragicomedy tragikomedi e
lrailers (GB) krdtke ukdzky z filmfi
promitand jako reklama, upout6vky
translated by BF pieloZil(a) BF
trapdoor propadliStd v divadle
trash k1;d, um61eck1i brak
travel film cestopisny filn
travelogue ['traevelng] cestopis
(fiIm, dldnek, kniha, piedn65ka
s diapozitivy)
triangle ['trare4 gl] triangl; trojuhelnik
villain ['vrlen] zlosyn,
padouch,
nidema
viola fvr'eule] viola

violin [,vare'lrn] housle
vocal vokelni, hlasovy
vocalist ['veukehst] zpdvdk

voices (pdveckd) hlasy
wind instrument Iwrnd'rnstrement]

dechovf n6stroj
woodcarver iezbiii
woodcut dievoryl, dievoiezba
woodrvind instrument dievdnf
dechovj hudebni n6stroj
work out vyrryslet; vypracovat
xylophone ['zarlefaunl xylofon
EDUCATION
class tiid
academic [,ako'demrk] akademicky;
classroor
r-^.-+i^1,,i. .,;l-^l-.i
ADD (attention deficit disorder) porucha schopnosti se soustfedit
admission piijeti
admit lod mrtl piijimat: piipuslit

afford to do st[a'fc:d] dovolit si ndco
A-level zivEre(.n6 zkou5ka na vy53i
stiedni Skole pied vstupem na
univerzitu
understudy n6hradnik, z6skok

U-film (universal) (GB) film piistupnf mlSdeZi
unputdownable (coll) poutavy
(o knize)
upset rozdileny
usher(ette) [',tJe,,tJe'ret] uvaddd(ka)

utensils [j u'tensrlz] niistroje; n6dobi
variety show Ive'rareti] varietni

piedstaveni, estr6da
variety theatre varietd

varnish lak; politura; glazura
verse verS; poezie
vitres fiazz) [varbz] vibrafon (dZez)
296
spCSnd
compar
compulsr
pendium
appoint jmenovat
comput
apprentice school udiliStd
art umdni; vytvamd umdni; dovednost

arts humanitni, spoledensk6 vddy
assembly hall Skohii aula
concentr
ndco
confiden
denj o
cooking
a domii
assistant principal (U S) zristupce

ieditele
correct
award a degree uddlit titul

BA (Bachelor of Afts) Bc., bakal6isky
stupeii v humanitnich vCdach
BA (Hons) Bc s vyznamen6nirn, tzv.
dervenj diplom
courteou
backward zaostaly, opoZddnj ve
vlivoji
lqi niirnrlnich
rrFrl
bulletin board (US) ['buletrn bc:d]

n5stdnka, vyvdsni tabule
bulll l'bolil
course ['
cover for
['k:rtie
cram for
crammir
credit krr
metu,);
beatings biti
BSc (Bachelor ofScience) Bc., baka-
opr6vndnf ; nedovoleny, nepovolenli
spojeni
commun
apply for a scholarship Zddat o sti-
trump up zinscenovat, zosnovat

trumpet trubka, trumpeta; trumpetista
tuba ['tju:be] tuba
tune (up) naladit

unauthorized [,tn'cr0srarzd] ne-
collocati
analyze [':rnelarz] analyzoval, rozebrat (probldm, situaci apod.)
boarding school intemiitni Skola

break (GB) piestiivka
niistroje
college rr
stiedni
stiedni
completr
studiur
trilogy ['trrled3i] trilogie

trombone pozoun(ista), tromb6n(ista)
tune melodie, n6pdv; disty zr,uk
co-ed prc
tyrat. Sikanorat. zastra-
Sovat, tyranrzovat
bunk sb for st vyhodit, vyloudit
crib tah6l
curriculr
nlin qt
osnovy
custodial
dean ddk
departmr
katedry
deputy
ndkoho (ze Skoly) kvfili nddemu
designatr
by mistake omylem
cafeteria [,kafe'trerio] jidelna (se
dilemma
samoobsluhou)
campus ['kempas ] areal univerzity.

kampus, akademick6 pfida
certifi cate Ise'trfiket] osvdddeni;

vysvdddeni
chalk kiida
chancellor (GB) ['tJo:nsele] rektor
univerzity
cheat sheet tahiik
chemistry ['kemrstril chemie

chess Sach
classics klasickri studia (zabywajici se
starorekjm Reckem a Rirnem.l
rozhodc
dining
ha
discoural
distinguir
ndco od
do oneos
do resear
mem nd
dorm (co
koleje;
dress cod
ureltou l
economic
nomie,
striinka
EDUCATION
class tiida, hodina, rodnik,
akademickf;
sorder) poru-
iedit
piipustit
rvolit si ndco
a na
vy55i
em na
rirovei
element ['elrment] prvek
co-ed pro divky i chlapce, koedukovanli
eligible for st ['elrd3ebl] zpfrsobilli

k nddemu; kvaliflkovany; mit ndrok
college vysokil Skola, univerzita; vy53i

stiedni 3ko1a; akademie; britskd
stiedni Skola, kde se plati Skolnd
collocation kolokace, ust6lend slovni

spojeni
communily serr ice veiejne prospdSnd
priice
compared to st v porovn6ni
ovat, rozeod.)
ddat o sti-
nddim
complete a degree in... dokondit
studium... (deho)
ndco
:e
vddy
confident of, about stjistj, piesvEddenf o nEdem

cooking and housekeeping vaieni
a domdci pr6ce
,rstupce
bakal6iskj.
Lich
correct opravlt, opravovat

course ['kc:s] kurs
cover lbr sl) zastupovat ndkoho
courteous towards sb
['ke:ties] zdvoiilj k ndkomu

cram for ipftat se, diit, biflovat na
cramming Sprtdni. bifl ovdni
credit kredit (za dokondeni pied-
)ny ve
mdtu); z6podet
crib tah6k
curriculum Ike'rrkjulem] udebni
Skola
endowment Irn'daument] dotace

enrol (GB), enroll (US) zapsat se,
piihl6sit se; piijmout ke studiu
enrolment z6pis, piihl6Seni
enter higher education jit na vysoentrance exam piijimaci zkouSka
examine zkouiet
Skoly)
explore zkoumat, b6dat

exl ra-curricular activities mimoSko1ni z6jmov6 dinnost
neudElat zkouiku
falf behind the class zaostixatza

tiidou
field trip exkurze
fi
rst-degree course bakal6iskd

studium
focus on st zamdiit se na ndco
gown fgaun] talilr

grade zn6rnkovat, hodnotit; znlmka;'
tiida
graduate from... with honours
ukondit stiedni 5ko1u (US), promo-
Iverzlty,
discourage st br6nit nddemu
ldeni;
distinguish st from st else odli5ovat

ndco od nddeho jindho
graduation ceremony promoce

grammar school (CB) vybdror ii
do research into zabjvat se vyzkurnem nddeho
dorm (coll US, dormitory) studentskd

koleje; ubytovna
vajici
em)
se
stiedni Skola
Greek iedtina
guidance counsellor ['gardens
'kaunsele] vjchovny poradce
gymnasium, gym (coll) tdlocvidna
dress code obledeni vyZadovand pro

urditou piileZitost
halls of residence (GB) studentskd
economics l,i:ke'nomrks,eka-] ekonomie, ekonomika; ekonomickii
have a degree in... mit titul, vysokoSkolske vzdeldni \ oboru
str6nka
infbrmal neform6lni,
neofi ci61ni
insert I rn'sr:t I r lo2it. piipo.lit

janitor (GB) ['d3rnrte] Skolnik
keep a
neuspdt u zkou5ky,
vat... (CB) s rlznamenanim

graduate in...(US) maturovat 2...
I rektor
Skola
lail an exam
designated ['dezrgnertid] urdenll
do one's homework d6lat tkoly
analfabet
in contrast to st oproti nddemu
jot down poznamenat si

junior student niZSi stiedni
)iemu
dining hall jidelna
idleness lenost
evening classes vederni kursy
deputy head (GB) z6stupce ieditele
lna (se
hostel (GB) ['hostel] kolej; ubytovna; nocleh6rna
el.pelled I rk'speld I r1 louieny tze
rudit
rozhodov6ni, dilema
[,i:ke'nomiks, eka-] nauka o vedeni dom6cnosti
influence ovliviovat
go lo university na\Ste\ovat unirerzitu
dilemma Idr'lerne.dar'lerno] le7ke
home economics
independent school soukrom6 stiedni
.t, zastra-
katedry
5ko1a
history ddjiny, historie
exceptional vj,jimedny, rnimoi6dny,

zvl65tni, neobydejnli
dean ddkan
custodian (US) [k,ts'teudien] ikolnik
high school (US) stiedni
illiterate Irrlrteret] negramotnli,
kou Skolu
department head vedouci odddleni,
trn bc;d]
pl6n, studijni program, udebni

osnovy
headmaster's ofnce ieditelna

highlight zdiraznit, vyzdvi hnout
(infbrmace)
formal forrniiln i, ofi ci6ini

freshman student pr-vniho rodniku VS
(v USA i SS)
geography Id3r:'ogrefi]
lc., baka-
headmaster, headmistress, the head

(GB) ieditel, reditelka
na ndco
emphasis on ['empfesrs] driraz na

empowered to st zplnomocndnj
k nddemu
compulsory subjects povinne piedmdty
computer room poditadovd udebna

concentrate on st soustiedit se na
l; dovednost
elective subjects volitelnd piedmdty
classroom tiida (mistnost)
diarl
Skoly
vdst si denik
knock sb down shodit, svalit, srazit

ndkoho
Iag behind the class zaost|yat za
tiidou
Latin latina
learn udit se, naudit se
lecture piedn6Set; piedn65ka
Iecture hall posluchdrna; aula
lecturer vysokoSkolsky uditel
locker room Satna s uzamykatelnjmi
skiiikami
lunch room Skolni jidelna
MA (Master of Arts) Mgr., titul
maglstr
make a mistake uddlat chybu

maladjusted [,mrele'd3,tstrd] nepfizpfrsobir y. neadaptabi Ini
m
rk
zn6mko
at; znitmka
master uditel, profesor
mathematics, maths
[,mae0e'mretiks,mre0s] matematika
maliure student dospdlli student
memorise udit se zpamdti
misconducl Spatne chor ani

mock-exam cvidn6 zkou5ka, zkou5ka
na zkou5ku
mortarboard ['mcrtebc:d] baret
koleje
.
no5enj studenty a vyudujicimi pii

slavnostnich piileZitostech
music hudebni vychora. zpev
.VOCABULARY.
297
EDUCATION
notice board (GB) ndstenka
revise (CB) opakovat (naudene)
nursery school mateiskd ikola
schedule (US) [Jedju:I, 'sked-] rozvrh hodin
obligatory povinni
off the roll vyiazeny ze seznamu
studentii
school report vysvddenf
optional subjc'ct nepovinny. vol iteln!
secondary school stiedni Skola
piednret
semester (US) [sr'mcstc, sa'mestc]
oral ['r:ral] tstni
sentestr
a Cambridgi
rodniku
paper pisemnii zkouSka. prdce. test;

korlpozice; ref-erdt
parents' meeting tiidni schizka
sent down (euph) vyloudcn

sit (for) an exam ddlat zkouSku
skip classes chodit za SkolLr, ulejvat
pass an exam uddlat, sloZit zkou5ku
slow upstairs tro5ku pomalejSi

(v my5leni)
pay attention d6vat pozor
pencil case pouzdro

permanent st:il j, trval j
PhD doktor piirodnich vdd; doktor
filosofic
physically (or mentally) handi-
play truant chodit za Skolu

poor Ipr:. pua] Spatnli
precocious [prr'kat-rJes] pieddasnd
vyspc\lj' (zejnr. du5evnd)
president (US) ['prezldent] ddkan.

rektor
prcvent sb from doing st zabranil

nkomu. aby ndco uddlal
public school (US) stritni stie'dni

Skola
stdtenr
push sb around korrrandovat nc\koho,

sckyroval. zamctat s nikym
put up with vyrovnat
se
raise finance zfskat penfze

read dist; studoval na univerzitd
( urdit! obor)
recess (US) [rr'ses.
(ve Skolc)
'ri:-]
piestdvka
recruilcr Irr'krrr:tsJ rraborovy pracovnik

revierv (US) opakovat (naucene);
kritika. recenze
April
z.avra)
praco\
uznan'
viechr
Babes ir
special pupil Z6k zvl6Stni Skoly
(o pen
special school zvl65tni Skola
spoilt and ill-mannered rozrnazleny

standardized cxaminations.jednotni
zkouSky
banging
stiilen
bauble I
Beauty :
become
state schools stetni Skoly
stand in for sb zastupovat ndkoho

student student (vysoke Skoly)
substitute lbr sb suplovat za nEkoho.
zastupovat ndkoho
suspend sb from school vyloudit

ndkoho ze Skoly
komerr
Boxing I
vanodn
bun (GB
bunny zi
burn
bor
swot (infml) Sprtat. biffovat, dnit se
candle
syllatrus program. pl6n
carol kol
carp kap
\,ovat
ccmctar
tov
teach udit
Christia
teachers' room sborovna

teaching assistant (T.A.) asistent
kiest'ar
Christm
hod vii
term (GB) senrestr
Christm
timetable (GB) rozvrh hodin

tough [t,tf] drsnli, tvrd5i. hrubj
dc'n. 24
Christm
Christm
tuition (charges, fees) [tju:'rJen]

Skolne{.
poplatky za vzdelAvini
Cindercl
tutor uditcl; doudovatel
Popel k
undergraduate vysokoSkolsky student. posluchad. kteri je5te neziskal
rilul bakaldre
underachiever neirspdSnll' student
unfamiliarity [,tnf-c,mrli'ieroti]
znalost, novost
unleachable ncr zdilatelny
s'
celebrat,
z n6deho
take attendance delat dochiizku.
uditele
publicly-funded dotovany
nual
['ienj
z polit
['sofcrnc:] student/ka druheho
Skole
Skola
an
Foo
Sair
August
zjiSt'ovat. kdo je piitonren
public school (GB) soukrom6 stiedni
298
se
take an exam in st dilat zkoLr5ku
private schools soukromd Skoly

professor prof'esor(ka) na vysoke
All
All
piimd
a nevychovany
physical training / education (Pl

PE) telesnri v1?chova. tdlocvik
physics tyzika
picking up rubbish sbiriini odpadkir
assassir
rocniku sticdrri ikoly. urriverzity
postiZeny
rinu
allectic
Armisti
sophomore
capped tdlesnE (nebo du5evnd)
HOLI
a penn'
oslavr
senior ['si:nic, -njo] student vy55ihcr
Oxbridge univerzity v Oxfordu
(z)devastovat
write down zapisovat si

write (il)legibly psrit (ne)citelne
written psanli, pisemn5i
school fees Skolni poplatky. Skolne

school principal (US) ieditel Skoly
open access volny piistup
urge sb nalel-rat na ndkoho

vandalise ['vrcndelarz] (z)nicit.
ne-
civil rigl
clergym:
sky knt
colle.r" bi
Columbr
(piipor:
commen
HOLIDAYS
lho
I (z)nidit.
HOLIDAYS
a penny
for the guy pence pro figu-
rinu piedstavujici Guy Fawkese

I
e)ditelne
alTection zalibeni, n6klonnost, l6ska
All
Fools Day 1. duben, April
All Saints' Day sv6tek
V5ech svatych
annual ceremony
['.tnj uel'serrmeni] kaZdorodni

ostava
April
Fools Day April
Armistice (GB) ['o:mrstrs] Den

piirndii(11. ll. l9l8)
assassinate Ie'sresrnert] irkladnd
zav raidit, sp6chat atent6t (zvleSte
z pol itickl;'ch divodti)
common obvyk1li, bdZnf

consistently drislednd
conspirator Iken'sprrete] spiklenec,
konspi16tor
convict ['konvrkt]odsouzeny, odsouzenec, trestanec
convicted Iken'vrktrd] odsouzeny

cookies (US) kol6dky, suienky,
drobnd cukrovi
cranberry sauce brusinkov6 omiidka;

kompot
dangle from houpat se, viset na
declare slavnostnd, veiejnd vyhl6sit,
prohldsit
decorate zdobit, ozdobit
August Bank Holiday (GB) den
delete vymazat, smazat
pracovniho volna v srpnu, stdtern

uznanli sv6tek. kdy..ysou zavieny
vSechny banky (posledni pondCli)
Babes in the Wood niizev pohddkv
(o pernikovd chaloupce)
descent [dr'sent] pfivod (people of ...
banging fbre414] bouch6ni, pr6skdni,

stiileni
bauble ['boble] cetka, tretka
Beauty and the Beast Kr6ska a zviie
descent)
v6L-
douse Idaus] polit vodou

dyed or painted eggs barven6 nebo
malovan6 vajidka
Easter egg hunt hled6ni velikonodnich vajidek
Easter lamb flrem] velikonodni
Boxing Day sv. StCp6na, 2. sv6tek
Easter Monday velikonodni pondEli
bun (CB) [b,r.n] buchtidka; drdol

bunny zajidek
burn bonfires ['bonfaraz] ddlat ohnd

candle svidka
carol koleda
carp kapr
celebrate [,sele'brert] slavit, oslaVOVAI
cemetary ['semetri,'semo,teri] hibitov
Christian holiday ['knsttJen, -tien]

kiest"ansky sv6tek
Christmas Day ['knsmes der] BoZi

hod vdnodni, 25. prosinec
Christmas Eve Stdd15 veder. Stedry;

den, 24. prosinec
Christmas greetings v6nodni ptdni

Christmas tree vdnodni stromedek
Cinderella [,srnde'rele, -de'rel-]
Popelka
civil rights obiansk6 pr6va

clergyman duchovni, zejm. angl ikdn-
sk! kndz
colley bird l'kolr ba:dl kos (ndiedi)
Columbus Day (US) Kolurnbfrv den
(piipomin6 12. 10. 1492)
commemorate piipominat
berdnek
Easter Sunday BoZi hod velikonodni
koiak
Epiphany, Twelfth-Night
Ir'prfcni, e'prf-] svAtek Tii kr6li
egg nog vajednl;
execute ['cksr kju:tl popravit

express one's affection for sb vyj6diit svoji 16sku, n6klonnost k ndkomu
fairy vila; napiirozen6 poh6dkov6
holly ['holi] cesmina

Holy Saturday ['heuli] Bil6 sobota
homemade ornaments doma vyrobend ozdoby
honour (GB), honor (US) ['one]

vzd6t dest: uctivat: dest
Independence Day (US) Den nezd-
vislosti
ingredient Ir4'grirdient] sloZka,
soud6st, piisada, ingredience
International Children's Dav Mezin6rodni den ddti
International Students' Dav Mezin6rodni den studentri
ironically Iar'ronrkli] paradoxnd.

ironii osudu
jack-o'-lantern [d3ek eu 'lrcnten]
vydlaband tykev s otvory pro odi
a usta
Jingle Bells Rolnidky
Labor Day (US, Canada) Svrltek

prdce
lay wreaths
pohSdka
Father Christmas / Santa Claus

Father's Day (US) sviitek otcri
feast svdtek
firework ohiostroj
flying offlags vyvd5ovdni praporri
Ier ri:0s]
poklddat
vence
leap
bytost
lairy tale ['feeri, 'feri]
Gunpowder Plot spiknuti, pokus

vyhodit do povdtii londyi'nsk1;' parlament 5. I l. 1605
Guy Fawkes Night, Bonfire Night
(GB) vlirodi dne 5. 1l. 1605
Halloween piedveder V5ech svatych
hard-boiled eggs vejce na tvrdo
hide schovat
hot cross buns velikonodni pedivo
do Christmas shopping ddlat

nodni ndkr"rpy
become commercialised stdt se

komerdnim
vdnodni" 26. Prosinec
grave Igrerv] hrob; hrobka, niihrobek

guard-mounting ceremony piehlidka
krdlovskfch str6Zi na konich
[i:p]
skodit, skdkat
Liberation Day Den osvobozeni

Little Red Riding Hood Cervena
Karkulka
Lord Mayor's Show (GB)
lcrd
meez Jeu] slavnostni prfrvod
na oslavu londynskdho starosty
maid sluZka: ddvedka
fruit cake biskupsky chlebidek

full moon riplndk
Martin Luther King Day (US) Den
generous velkorysli'; Stddqi; bohat)i
mask maska. Skrabo5ka: kukla
ghost Igeust] duch, straSidlo
maundy [rnc:ndr] obiadnd r.nyti nohou chudfm na Zelenli ctvrtek

Maundy Thursday Zeleny dtvrtek
May Day l. m6j
May Day Bank Holiday (GB) den
pracovniho volna 1. kvdtna, stiitem
uznany sv6tek. kdyjsou zavieny
gift dar, ddrek

give thanks for a good harvest vzd6vat diky za dobrou irrodu
goblin (zlyi) skiitek, Sotek
gold ring zlaty prsten
Good Friday Velkli peitek

goose, pl. geese husa
Martina Luthera Kinga
vSechny banky
maypole m6jka, mdj
.VOCABULARY.
299
HOLIDAYS
Memorial Day (US) Den obeti vrilky
memorial service bohosluZba
k uctdnf pamdtky zesnulych
Midsummer Day (GB) sv6tek
reindeer ['rcrn,dra] sob

Remembrancc Sunday (GB)
.lana (24. 6.)
mince-pie I rnrns'par] vdnodni plndne

pedivo
mincemeat ['mrnsmi:t] nadrobno

nasekan6 snres jablek. su5eneho
rocket rachcjtle
scarecrow ['skee,kreu] straiiik.
turtle dove [,ts:tl'd,tv] hrdlidka
straSidlo. hastroS
Scots pine, Scotch fir borovice lesni
or,oce, lrrozinek, ponterandovcl kfrry
Season's Greetings formiilni pi6ni
s cuklertr; sekani mascr
k sv6tkirm vdnodnirn a k Novdmu
monarch ['monak] panovnik. -ice.

vlhdce. vladai
monument pamiitnik
roku
Silent Night Tichii noc

shamrock ['J'iern,rok] troj listek,
Mother's Dal Den matek

nativity scene / crib / creche
syurbol Irska
snowman sndhuldk
Ina'trvrti sirn,kreJ,krerJ] jeslidky.
sovereign ['snvrrn] panovnik. -ice.
be'tlen.r
vladai
New Year's Day Nov! rok
sparklers prskavky
spinach ['sprnrtJ] Spendt
New Year's Eve Silvestr
non-Christian [,non'krrstJen. -tian]

nikoli kiest'ansky
vidky jmeli
Spring Bank Holiday (GB)
observe [eb'zarv] slavit, drZet (svritek)
den
pracovniho volna najaie, stdtem

Lrznany svitek. kd1 jsou zavieny
vSechny banky
official public holiday oficiiilni stdtni

svAtek
spring equinox ['i:kwrnnks] jami
pagan ['pergan] pohan, neznaboh;

pohanskli
rovnodennost
pagan festival ['l'estrval] pohansky

svdrtek
pantomime (GB) ['ptrntemarml
tyna
starvation hladovEni; smrt hladem

string of lights Siitira svdtel
strings of popcorn fels/) /. praTene
kukuiice
vdnec)
plait a birch rod [plet] pl6st rrrs-
stuffed roast turkey pedeni krocan

s n6divkou
kadku
trick on
sb vystielit si z nd-
l.
svdtovd vdlky)
['rno
Srnot
achiev
nout
activis
walnut vlaSskj oiech

White Christmas Bile Vdnoce
witch [wrtJ] daroddjnice
adoptir
wreath Iri:0] vdnec

Xmas ['cksrnes] Vdnoce
advanr
acts of
admin
osvoJ
air-cus
Ice'k
anarch
answer
anti-nu
[,ent
energ
anti-Se.
squib Iskwrb] papiror,6 trr-rbka nebo

koLr)e naplnind pyroteclrnickym
St. Valentine's Day sviitek sv. Valen-
piper duddk
place / lay (a wreath) [ri:0] poloZit
veterans of militar.r" services veterdni

vojenske sluiby
achier'
arms
St. Patrick's Day (lreland. US) sv6tek sv. Patrika
Peter Pan hrdina hry J. M. Barrieho
unwrap [,tn'rep] rozbalit, rozbalovat

!'eterans' Day (US) Den vetefdnfr
accuse
neko
artificie
St. George's Day (GB) sviitek sv. Jiii
paper chain papfrov! ietdz

paradc Ipe'rerd] piehlidka
pay respect to uctivat pamdtku
f*'ig vetvidka. snitka
abuse
accept
poza
spruce srnrk
pracheml rachejtle
pantonrima, groteskni poh6dkovii

revue hran6 zejnrdna o V6nocich;
narozenin kr6lovny
MOE
A-bon
alflict
sprigs of mistletoe ['mrs,ltcu] vdt-
non-violence nendsili
reveal odhalitl prozraditt z.jevit
lacinii lPerk; cetka, ozdoba

Trooping the Colour, Olficial Birthday (GB) slavnosti prehlidka oddiltr
strdZe s vlajkami v den oficiiilnich
vzpomirrka na vojAky padle v obou

svdtovjch v6lk6ch
sv.
trinket ['trr4krt] rnalidkost, dlobnost:
ru
assump
astrona
atomic
atomc
attack
Ie'trcl
zrilohy
automa
aparat
awardir
Pied6t
backu'a
balance
swan IswDn] labut'

sweethearts' day den zamilovanych
ballistic
play pranks on sb provdddt Zertiky
Teachers' Day (CZ) Den ucitelfr
pram kod6rek
Thanksgiving (US) Den diktvzd6ni

tinsel ['trnsal] cetka; leskl6, bl1;'skavd
ballot b
ballot p
bankru;
pla,r" a
koho
preach kdzat: mlur it veiejne
Presidents' Day (US) Den prezidentir

pretend to be... piedstirat" 2eje...
previously diive, piedtinr
pumpkin pie djnovSi kol6d

Puss in Boots Kocour v botdch
rank among... patiit. nrileZet k, blt
zaiazen mezi...
regimental patiici pluku. plukovnf
300
nitka
token ['taukcnl znak. znarneni.

dfikaz
bal isti
beat an
besiege
obleha
Tomb of the Unknown Soldier
biomass
[tr,r:m] hrob Nezndmdho vojina

torture ['tc:tJc] rnudeni. tyrhni;
tortura
biotechr
blockad
treat ddrek, nral6 radost
bombinl
biotecl
MODERN SOCIETY
drobnost;
I
ial
tka
Birthoddilt
:i6lnich
cKa
MODERN SOCIETY
A-bomb atomovii bomba
abuse
I e' bj u:s lznerLiv at

accept terms piijmout podminky,
pozadavky
accuse sb of st [e'kju:z] obvinit

ndkoho z nddeho
achieve a marginal victory

ozbalovat
['mo:d3rnel] zvitezi tdsnou vdt-
eriinii
Srnou
rs
veterdni
achieve a sweeping victory dos6hnout drtivdho vitdzstvi
activist ['rektrvrst] aktivista

acts ofviolence ndsilnd diny
rCe
administration vl6da; exekutiva

adoption Ie'dopJ(e)n]adopce,
osvojeni
bow [bau] sklonit se, sklonit hlavr"r;

poklona
break a truce [trurs] poru5it piimdii

break off pieruSit
bring down svrhnout

bring sb to trial postavit ndkoho pied
soud
bring in reinforcements
[,ri:rn'fc:sments] piivolat posily
by-election dopliovaci volby
Cabinet kabinet, v16da
calculator kalkuladka
constitutionally barred dle istavy

nepiipustnf
contaminate Iken'temrnert] znedistit, zamoiit
convert Iken'vert] pierndnit, konvertovat: ['konr 3:l] konvenita
corrupt [ka'r.rpt] kazit , zkazit; podplaceni, zkorumpovany
corruption Ike'r,tpJen] korupce,

irplatk6istvi
cosmonaut ['kozmencltl kosmonaut
(zvl. sovdtskli)
counterpart protd;Sek
call a truce [tru:s] vyhl6sit piimdii,
cross-party coalition koalice napiid
capture ['kreptJe] zajmout

caretaker government prozatimni
cultural diversity Idar'v::srti, dr've:

rseti] kultumi rozdilnost, odliSnost,
klid zbrani
stranami
vl6da
rozmanitost
advances in st pokrok, rozvoj nddeho
cast a vote volit
ict Ie'fl rkt] postihnout

air-cushion vehicle
Iee'kuJ(e)n'virrk(e)1] vzndSedlo
anarchist l'itnekrst] anarchista
curfew f'kr:flu:l zakaz rlchazeni
cease-fire [,si;s'fare] piimii, klid

zb r ani ; zaslav eni pal by
deadly (u eapon)smrrelny. smrtonosnf (zbraii)
centralised centralizovany
centrist piivrZenec politickdho stiedu
chairman piedseda
declare a truce vyhldsit piimdii, klid

zbrani
affl
answerphone telefonni zhznamnik

anti-nuclear opponents
[, rcnti'nju:khe] odpirci atomovd
energle
anti-Semitism antisem itisrnr-rs

arms race zdvody ve zbrojeni
artificial umdlf
assumption piedpoklad, domndnka
astronaut ['restrenc:t] astronaut

atomic / nuclear power station
atomovA elektr6rna
attack from ambush

[e'tek ':rmbuJ] napadnout ze
zitlohy
snemovna
charged with st obvindn, obZalov6n

z nddeho
cheap labour levnii pracovni sila

Christian Democratic Party Kiest'ansko-demokraticka unie
Civic Democratic Alliance Obdanskd

demokratick6 aliance
Civic Democratic Party Obdansk6

civil
apariit, kompakt
awarding ceremony slavnostni

pied6viini cen
backward zastaruli, zaostaly

balance of trade obchodni bilance
obdansky!', obdanskopriivni; stetni
ballistic missiles Iba'hstrk'mrsarlz]

balistickd stiely
ballot box volebni uma
ballot paper hlasovaci listek
bankruptcy ['brepkreptsi] bankrot

beat an attack odrazit ritok
lbr'sird3] mamd
biomass biomasa
biotechnology [,bareutek'no1ed3i]
biotechnologie
blockade blok6da; blokovat

bombing bombardov6ni
iistd
ruce
cloning klonoviini
coalition fkeue' hJen] koalice
collapse [ke'li:eps] zhrouceni; konec;
zhroutit
declare war on sb vyhl6sit ndkomu
v6lku
decommission [,dirko'mrJen] ode-
vzdini (a zneSkodndni)
demoralisation demoralizace
deplo5 peace-keeping troops rozmistit rrirovii vojska, mirovd jednotky
deprivation [,deprr'veiJen] depridesperate zofialy

despise sb
ldr'sparz] opovrhovat,
pohrdat ndkfm
demolrratick6 strana
Clean Hancls campaign akce
automatic camera automaticky foto-
besiege in vain
obldhat
Chamber of Deputies poslaneck6
se
combat st ['kombret] bojovat proti

nddemu, potirat ndco; boj, z6pas
destroy local culture znidit mistni

kulturu
developed country prumyslov6,
rozvinut6 zemd
developing country rozvojov6 zemd

disastrous katastrofillni
discriminate against sb diskriminovat nkoho
disputes over. . . pie, debaty.
..
commerce obchod
dynamite ['darnemart] dynamit
commit piichat
economic opportunities [, ilke'no

mtk, -'normrk, eke] ekonomickd
Communist dictatorship komunistick6 diktatura
Communist Party Komunistick6

strana
competitiveness konkurenceschopnost
computer technology Itek'noledgi]

poditadov6 technologie
consequence n6sledek, drisledek
constituency [ken'strtjuensi] volebni

okrsek, obvod
rnoZnosti
economic problems
[,i:ke'nomrk'problemz] hospod6iskd probldmy
economic reasons ekonomickd

dfivody
economic stability hospod6isk6
stabilita
economical (car...) l,i:ko'nomrkel]
fispomy, hospod6rnf (autornobil...)
.VOCABULARY.
301
MODERN SOCIETY
hatred of, for sb nendvist k ndkomu
House of Commons (GB) poslaneck6
election(s) volby
electoral register, roll [reul] soupis,

seznam volidfr
electorate Ir'lekteret] volici
emigrate ['emrgrert] emi grovat,
vystdhovat se
enterprise podnik
email ndst s sebou, znamenat:, mit za
ndsledek
engineering strojirenstvi; strojirenskj

enlitled to... rnit n6rok na...
equal opportunities / rights rovnd

piileZitosti / prdva
ethnic minority groups ['eOnrk]
progres
Lower Chamber (GB) dolni snd-
propellr
vodni
House of Representatives (US)
lunar landing ['lu:ne 'leendrr1] pii-
snEmovna reprezentant&
hovercraft vzn6Sedlo
hung parliament parlament neschopni dojit k rozhodnuti (v ndmZ
26dn6 strana nem6 vyraznou
vdtSinu)
humane humrinni, lidskf
hydroelectric power station vodni

elektr6rna
fax [faks] fax

I'eel
contempt for sb opovrhovat
ndklim
fi
rst-past-the-post vdtSinovy volebni

system
flee uprchnout, utdci
flying saucer ['so:se] ldtajici talii

Freedom Union Unie svobody
gain / win a seat ziskat kieslo
gasohol palivov6 smEs benzinu (90%)
a etylalkoholu (10%)
general election vSeobecnd volby
genetically modified foods geneticky

upravene potraviny
geothermal energy geoterm6rlni
energie
piistdhovat se
impact on the environment vliv na

Zivotni prostiedi
impoverish oZebradit; vyderpat (pridu)

incentive of entry into the EU
Irn'sentrv] stimul vstupu do EU

independence nez6vislos
indict for... Irn'dartJ obvinit 2...

inflict heavy losses zprisobit velkd
ztriLly
information about safefy measures

informace o bezpednostnich opat-
ienich
integrate into the majority
community integrovat se do vdt5inovd spolednosti
intimidation zastraSov6ni
invention vynllez
Internet (the) Internet
jailed for life bjt uvdzndn na doZivoti, odpykdvat si doZivotni trest
global street parties shromdZddni na

ulicich proti globalizaci
globalisation globalizace
go off vybuchnout
go to the polls
Mezin6rodni mdnovy fond
immigrate [' rmrgrert] imigrovat,
genetic engineering genetickd inZe-
n!rstvi
jit k volb6m, jit volit
drtivd vitdzstvi (ve
volb6ch)
government vl6da
laser laser
guerrilla movement Ige'rrle] party-
lasting cease-fire trvald piimdii

Iaunch an attack !c:ntJ] zah6jit utok
z6nskd hnuti
Gypsies Cikdni, Romove
harvest sklizet. sbirat; Zne

H-bomb (hydrogen bomb) l'eitJb
nm 'hardrrd3en bom] vodikov6
bomba. puma
hand over one's weapons odevzdat

zbran
harness vyuZit (energii), spoutat;

postroj (na kond)
302
majority party vetSino\,6 strana
left-wing levicovy
legal le96lni
lil'e imprisonment doZivoti
light bulb Z6rovka
jade
publicll
manned flight let s lidskou pos6rdkou
market-oriented trZnd orientovanj'

meteors and meteorites
Quad C
Ikwor
['mi:tic:z'mi:tierarts] meteory
a meteority
racial d
minac
racism
radical
minority party menSinov6 strana

mobbed obklopen, napaden davem
mobile (phone) ['meubarl,'moubel]

mobilni telefon
money laundering prani Spinavjch
covy
refugeer
uprchl
renewal
vitelnl
replacer
penez
moral implications etickd drisledky

negotiate jednat, vyjednat, dohodnout
no-confidence vote hlasov6ni o driveie
Nobel Prize fneu'bel,prarz] Nobelova cena
Republi
strana
repulse
ftok
researclt
zkoum
oppose st byt, postavit se proti
resign fi
na..., (
oust sb from power [aust] zbavit

nEkoho vkidy, piipravit o rloc
restrict
outstanding vyznamny
retaliatir
overhead projector (OHP) zptn1i

projektor
overwhelming ohromnj, drtivy,

naprostf
xerox
planets planety
a
odveta
retreat
pedi;
L
Li
rising ur
mestna
Romas,
l'rounr
science :
pickpocketing kapesni kriideZe
plant
right to
perceive fpe'sirv] vnimat

persecution [,pe:sr'kj ulJen] pron6sledovdni
Itek'nr
seek refl
bomb [bom] umistit, nastra-
Zit bombu
Senate I
sentence
Polaroid camera Polaroid
shock th
political scene fpe'lrtrkel si:n] politickii scdna
shout ab
polling station ['peulr4'sterJcn]

volebni misto
pose a potential
moZnd riziko
risk piedstavovat
Lord Chancellor (GB) lord kancldi
prejudice against ['pred3udrs] pied-
povolebni
sudky virdi
vat ura
skirmist
post-electoral [,paust r'lektereI
pursue
local election volby do mistnich

zastupitelstev
(piedseda sndmovny lordfr)
protrac
Ipra't
make excuses vymlouvat se
photocopier ['feutau,kopie] kopirka,
odndti svobody
jeopardise ['dSepedarz] ohrozit

land on the moon piist6t na Mdsici
landslide victory
st6ni na Mdsici
metylalkohol
IMF - International Monetary Fund

MMF
movna, poslaneck6 sndmovna
methanol ['rne0ennl] metanol,
illegal nelegiilni
(zdrojfr)
extinction vyhynuti, vyrnieni, zdnik
price lil
[,hba
lose a seat ztratit kieslo
snemovna
etnickd men5iny
exploitation [,eksplcr'teiJen]
vykoiisfovdni; zneuLivini; derp6ni
dujici bitvu
House of Lords (GB) homi snelnovna" sndmovna lordfi
environmental groups ekologick6

sdruZeni, skupiny
lose a decisive battle prohrdt rozho-
nAzorit
Social D
strana
soft conl
solar po'
MODERN SOCIETY
rozho-
rnd-
la
rl piina
rs6dkou
rvany
)ory
,1,
ana
avem
roubell
avfch
sledky
hodnout
o dfi-
price liberalisation
[,hbaralar'zeiJen] liberalizace cen
solar system slunedni soustava
progress pokrok, rozvoj, vfvoj
sovereign republic l'sovrrn I nezavisld, suverdnni republika
propeller water turbine vrtulov6
space flighl" lravel kosmick
let. let
do vesmiru
vodni turbina
protracted nuclear debate

Ipra'trrektrd] dlouhotrvajici debata
jademd energetice
space
laboratory Ia'boretri,'iebre
tc:ri] vesmlm6 laboratoi, orbit6lni

space shuttle raketopl6n
spaceship kosmickii 1od'
win a decisive battle vyhr6t rozhodu-
Speaker (GB) piedseda Dolni sn6movny
windmill vdtmli mlfn; vdtrn6 elekt-
minace
spl.it of Czechoslovakia rozddleni

Ceskoslovenska
racism rasismus
star hvdzda
radical right-wing radik6inE pravi-
step down (from) odstoupit. rezignovat (na)
covy
refugees l,reIo'd5i:2.'relodSi:z
uprchlici, utedenci, bEZencr
renewable (source ofenergy) obnovitelni (zdroj energie)

replacement n6hrada, nahrazeni
Republican Party Republikdnsk6

strana
repulse an attack [rr'p,tls] odrazit
ftok
store nuclear waste sklador at ja-
dernj odpad
strike at an enemy zaitoait na
take sb prisoner zajmout ndkoho

tarnish poSpinit
oplata,
retreat ustoupit, st6hnout se do bezpedi; istup, ritodistd
nl polifanl
terrorism terorismus
thermal energy l'0arm(e)l] tepeln6
I'reumoz'reumoniz.J Romove
science and technology
Itek'noled3i] vdda a technika
['reflurdg] hledat irtodi5td
Senate ['senet] sendt

senlence 1o... odsoudit na...
shock therapy ['0erepi] 5okov6
terapie, lddba Sokem
shout abuse [Jaut e'bjurs] vykiikovat ur6Zky, naddvky, sprost6 slova
skirmish ['ska:mrJ] potydka; vymdna

vovat
tension napdti
rising unemployment rostouci neza-
seek refuge
nastra-
zbran
test-tube babies deti ze zkumavky

therapeutic [,0ere'pju:trk] lddebnli
Romas, Romanies
Le
surrender vzd6t se, kapitulovat
right to vote volebni, hlasovaci prdvo

mdstnanost
n6zorfr, spor
rrel
Social Democratic Party iesk6

strana soci6lnd-demokratickd
rsl pied-
soft contact lenses kontaktni eockl

solar power / energy slunedni energie
svdtov6 sit'Intemet
supersonic aircraft nadzvukovy

Ietoun, letadlo
reslricl immigration omezit imig-
odveta
odstoupit, odejit (odkud)
World Wide Wetr, Web (the) Intemet,
suffrage ['s,tfrrd3] volebni pr6vo

Sun (the) Slunce
ravit
retaliation Irr,tr1i'erJ(e)n]
rhma
wind power vEtmd energie

winning party vitdznd strana
withdraw from,.. st6hnout (se),
nepiitele
surrender one's weapons sloZit
raci, piistdhovalectvi
jici bitvu
subject to indignation vystaven

nevoli, pobouieni
kopirka,
orgiin
pursue lpe'sjur] pron6sledovat

Quad Coalition
fkwod keue'hJen] dtyikoalice
racial discrimination rasov6 diskri-
resign from... lrr'zarnl rezignovat

na..., odstoupit 2..., podat demisi
rron6-
vdldici strany, frakce

watchdog body dohliZeci, kontrolni
publicly available veiejnd dostupnd
stanice
{obe-
uy,
soudni tribun6l v Haagu
warring factions ['wc;rr4'frkJenz]
weapons ['wepenz] zbranE

websites intemetov6 strdnky
research [rr'ssltJ,'ri:ss:tf] vyzkum;

zkoumat
JC
War Crime Tribunal in the Hague

[trar'bju:nel 6e herg] Mezin6,rodni
energie
tidal power piilivov6, slapov6 energie

tunnelled out ['t,tneld'aut] vytunelovdn
twins dvojdata
UFO (unidentified flying object)
[,ju:ef eu] UFO (neidentifikovany
ldtajici objekt), ldtajici talii
universal franchise ['frentJarz] vieobecnd volebni pr6vo
Upper Chamber (CB) snemovna"

sn6movna
lordi
upsurge in crime I'npsr:d5l narisr

zlodinnosti
Venus probe ['vi:nes preub] sonda
k Venuii
vital to nezbytny, Zivotnd dirleZity pro

war and peace v6lka a mir
war crimes vdlednd zlodiny
. VOCABULARY.
303
The ca
'i'Ro,
CONTENTS
Public
Travel
On twr
Crossv
Practic
And
FAMILY
5
6
Dating
] Invitations
Weddings
Babies
*Youth
Married life
Old age and retirement
Practice makes perfect
And more practice...
HOME
-}Diff".ent kinds of housing
l0
Accessories and jewellery

Clothes make the man (TL)
55
56
58
59
12
ta
t-)
WORK & LEISURE
60
14
The social whirl
6l
62
63
65
l5
Jobs
l6
Looking for a job
I7
Types ofjobs
18
Leaving and losing a job

Banking and finance
67
68
10
']'Keeping
l8
job
66
Types of dwelling
Parts ofa house
21
Building a house
22
Hall
ZJ
COMMUNICATION
1'
Bedroom
24
Posting letters and parcels
-a
Bathroom
Kitchen
Living room
25
Letters
The telephone
15
0 Usioe the telephone

CompuGrs and the Internet
Practice rnakes perfect
76
71
79
80
ESSAY PREPARATION
81
Garden
Maintenance
And rnore practice...
20
26
27
28
29
30
3l
FOOD
32
G Healthv eatins
JJ
TOWN & COUNTRY
35
36
.-\
v.
Cooking
Eating out
Specialities of British and American
cooking
Food for Thought (It)
JI
39
40
4l
SHOPPING
42
Shops
44
45
Shopping around
46
CLOTHES
48
Materials, colours, and patterns

Describing clothes
50
Footwear
Dressing and undressing
G Sportswear and working clothes
41
51
52
53
<A
-,I ne modern vt llage
'rJ
The modern city

Waste disposal and other services
Asking and telling the way
Crirne and punishment
And more practice. -.
SIGHTSEEING
Planning a tour
Tour sights
7l
/)
74
82
82
84
86
87
88
90
9l
92
93
94
96
97
TRAVEL
98
Travel abroad
Air travel
* Sea travel
Accommodation
98
Driving
99
100
l0l
102
rn
FARM
Moder
Anima
v lhe
Practic
And m
CLIM,
Talking
Rainy r
Cold w
Hot we
Weathe
'J'Atm,
Practice
And mc
NATUI
In the w
Classifir
The cou
Friend c
At the
z,
v rels
Plants
Practice
And mo
EVERY
THE H
First im
0Head
Body
an
Practice
And mo
HEALI
wlRouti
First aid
Disabili
Teeth ar
Medicin
STDs ar
Other
he
Pregnan
Practice
And mo
The car
103
GRoad accidents
r05
SPORT
Sporls in the modern Summer Olympic
Public transporl
Travelling by train
On two wheels or on foot
Crossword ptzzl,e
106
Games
107
108
109
The Olympics
Winter sporls
GKeeping fit
1s8
159
l6l
162
r63
t64
ill
Professional sport
Sports in English-speaking countries
The games people play
FARMING
tt2
168
Modem developments
Animals on and around the fann
, t-r
v I ne souncls ol a larm
113
tl4
ll5
il6
169
MEDIA
ON.*spape.s
770
60
CLIMATE
118
61
Talking about the weather

Rainy weather
Cold weather
Hot weather
Weather in general
123
'j'Atmosphere
124
55
56
58
59
62
63
65
66
o/
68
l0

110
1t'7
118
120
l2l
t22
1-)
126
11
17
/J
1A
15
/o
71
19
80
NATURE
In the wild
Classifi cation of Animals
The countryside (TL)
Friend or fbe? (ZZ)
At the zoo
'.*-
Pets
127
121
129
r30
132
134
84
86
87
88
90
93
94
96
9l
98
98
99
100
101
102
110
112
| /-)
t74
t75
CULTURE
r76
Going to the theatre

Going to the cinema
Musical instruments
t]6
*'Going to a concert
180
t19
Books and reading

Poetry (IZ)
181
EDUCATION
r85
J Studying
t82
183
184
185
188

i9l
HOLIDAYS
r92
s ch.irt-us
195
t96
t42

144
146
MODERN SOCIETY
r98
EVERYDAY PHRASES
140
138
139
THE HUMAN BODY
r4l
First impressions
v-Head and face
Body and limbs
141
141
198
200
201
202
Discrimination
148
First aid
Disabilities
t49
War and peace, terrorism

Progress in science and technology
t52
l)J
154
155
156
t51
t97
199
148
151
190
Economic and political situation
**Routine illnesses and accidents
r50
r87
v uloDallzatron
HEALTH
Teeth and the dentist

Medicines and treatments
STDs and dr-ug abuse
Other health probiems
Pregnancy and childbirlh
Practice makes perf-ect
178
University
135
136
91
92
Television
Radio
186
81
82
t61
and examinations
Secondary school
Public school
Plants
82
165
166
Energy
204

205
KEY
VOCABULARY
207
206
248
Jarmila Fictumovd,
John Ceccarelli, Tony Long
ANGLTTTTXE
KONVERZACE PRO POKROdILE
Tbpic-based Vocabulary for Advanced Learners
Odpovddn6 redaktorka Anne Johnson
Kreslend ilustrace Luk65 Fictum
Ob6lka Bohdan Luk65
Sazba iestmir Kudera
Vydala Spolednost pro odbornou literaturu
- Barrister & Principal
Martinkova 5,602 00 Brno
www.barrister.cz
e-mai I : distribuce@barrister. cz
Tel.: 545 211015
Brno 2008
vyd6ni druhd, upraven6
Doporuden6 prodejni cena 445 K(
rsBN 978-80-87029 -40-4
IltlilIilililtilililIltililil
154

Anglická Konverzace Pro Pokročilé

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To the teacher

KONVERZACE PRO POKROCILE

Topic-bused Vocubulury for Advanced Leurners

Spolednost pro odbornou literaturu

Barrister & Principal

KONVERZACE PRO POKROCILE

Topic-bused Vocubulury for Advanced Leurners

Spolednost pro odbornou literaturu

Barrister & Principal

FAMILY HOME" FOOD, SHOPPING, CLOTHES,

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O Spolednost pro odbornou literaturu

& Principal o. s., 2008

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to' are workins ir.:i::*i:l

dating agency. Here are the

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Underline the adjectives describing personal qualities

on the preceding page and then position them in the space

there is no right 0r wrong answer.

Vou think ol yoursell as an accomptished matchmaker

to* write a description ol your ideal partner.

Look at the pictures on the right. Agree on a name for

Talking about people

to make small talk

can't get it together

to see eacn other

to break off the

personal ads (US)

Great. I'11 see you then. Bye.

How about tomorrow night at 8:00? We could

Sounds great! When should we do it?

Mmm. You know, tomorrow's out fbr me. I've

Well, you can always come out after dinner.

Yeah, I'd love to.., Oh, wait a minute. What

Sure. Maybe next time.

I know, but I have to work early on Sunday

I don't know. It'll probably staft sometime

Hi, Jamie! This is Mark. Listen, I was

Oh, shame! I can't make it on Saturday night.

Hello, Jamie speaking.

Sounds good to me. So

Hey Anne! I'm having a party on Saturday.

I'll pick you up at

around 6:00, okay?

N.B. A good invitation starts by saying what is planned

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Example; I'm having a party on Saturday. Would you like

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