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It is based upon the principle that such delegated power constitutes not only a right
but a duty to be performed by the delegate through the instrumentality of his own
judgment and not through the intervening mind of another. A further delegation of
such power, unless permitted by the sovereign power, would constitute a negation
of this duty in violation of the trust reposed in the delegate mandated to discharge
it directly.
The principle of non-delegation of powers is applicable to all the three major powers of
the government but is especially important in the case of the legislative power
because of the many instances when its delegation is permitted. The occasions are
rare when executive or judicial powers are exercised outside the department to
which they legally pertain.
EXCEPTION
PERMISSIBLE DELEGATION
(a) Delegation to the people at large. The Congress further delegates its legislative power by
allowing direct legislation by the people in cases of initiative and referendum;
A referendum is defined as a method of submitting an important legislative measure to a
direct vote of the whole people.
(b) Delegation of emergency powers to the President.
Section 23 (2), Article VI of the Constitution states that in times of war or other national
emergency, the Congress may, by law, authorize the President, for a limited period and
subject to such restrictions as it may prescribe, to exercise powers necessary and proper to
carry out a declared national policy.
Emergency powers are delegated to the President by the Congress to effectively solve the
problems caused by war or other crisis which the Congress could not otherwise solve with more
dispatch than the President;
The conditions for the vesture of emergency powers in the president are the following: