Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
SN Vanitha Mahavidyalaya Pharmacy College for Women, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India.
2
Sree Dattha Institute of Pharmacy, Sheriguda, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India.
3
Department of Biotechnology, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India.
4
Department of Animal Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, India.
Accepted 08 February, 2011
The combination of Dipyridamole and Aspirin and is widely used to reduce thrombosis in patients with
thrombotic diseases. A rapid, simple, precise and cost effective and reversed-phase high performance
liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method has been developed and validated for the simultaneous
determination of Aspirin and Dipyridamole in pharmaceutical formulations. Separation of both Aspirin
and Dipyridamole was achieved within 5 min with required resolution, accuracy and precision thus
enabling the utility of the method for routine analysis. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a
waters symmetry C18 3.5 m, 50 x 4.6 mm using a mobile phase consisting of 0.1% ortho phosphoric
acid and acetonitrile in the ratio of 75:25 at a flow rate of 1.0 ml per minute. The detection was made at
227 nm and the retention time of Aspirin and Dipyridamole were1.5 and 2.8 minutes respectively. The
method was found linear over the range of 4 to 80 g/ml for Dipyridamole and 0.5 to 10 g/ml for
Aspirin.
Key words: Aspirin, Dipyridamole, high performance liquid chromatography.
INTRODUCTION
Aspirin (ASP) is 2- (Acetyloxy) benzoic acid, and is cyclo
oxygenase inhibitor which is best known as an antiplatelet drug (Patel et al., 2010) and is one of the major
antithrombogenic agent widely used for the treatment and
prevention of cerebro and cardiovascular conditions such
as stroke (Purushotam et al., 2009). Dipyridamole is a
platelet inhibitor chemically described as 2,2',2'',2'''-[(4,8Dipiperidinopyrimido [5,4-d]pyrimidine-2,6-diyl)dinitrilo]tetraethanol. Dipyridamole is widely used as a coronary
vasodilator in patients with high blood pressure, a
prophylactic agent in patients with angina pectoris and an
inhibitor of platelet aggregation in various thromboembotic
Prakash et al.
245
246
USP guidelines to establish the performance characterristics of a method (expressed in terms of analytical
parameters) to meet the requirements for the intended
application of the method for routine use.
System suitability
In order to determine the adequate resolution and
reproducibility of the proposed methodology, suitability
parameters including retention time, resolution, tailing
factor, %RSD of retention time and peak areas were
investigated and the results were found within the
acceptable specifications.
Specificity
The specificity of an analytical method may be defined as
the ability to unequivocally determine the analyte in the
presence of additional components such as impurities,
degradation products etc. Specificity was evaluated by
preparing the analytical placebo and it was confirmed that
the signal measured was caused only by the analytes. A
solution of analytical placebo (containing all the tablet
excipients except Dipyridamole and Aspirin was prepared
according to the sample preparation procedure and
injected. To identify the interference by these excipients,
a mixture of inactive ingredients (placebo), standard
solutions, and the commercial pharmaceutical preparations including Dipyridamole and Aspirin were
analyzed by the developed method. The representative
chromatograms as shown in Figures 1, 2 and 3 did not
show any other peaks, which confirmed the specificity of
the method. Peak purity of Aspirin and Dipyridamole were
Prakash et al.
247
Linearity
The linearity of an analytical method is its ability (within a
given range) to obtain test results which are directly
proportional to the concentration (amount) of analyte in
248
Prakash et al.
249
Linearity graph
Precision
The precision of an analytical procedure expresses the
closeness of agreement (degree of scatter) between a
series of measurements obtained from multiple sampling
of the same homogeneous sample under the prescribed
conditions. Six replicate samples were prepared and
analyzed as per the sample preparation procedure and
the assay values were calculated.
The precision (n = 6) of the assay values for Aspirin
and Dipyridamole was found to be 0.5 and 0.4% for
Aspirin and Dipyridamole, respectively. The precision
values are shown in Table 1.
250
Sample No.
Assay
1
2
3
4
5
6
Aspirin
10.2
10.1
10.3
10.2
10.3
10.1
Dipyridamole
80.2
80.1
80.8
79.7
80.5
80.6
Mean ( X )
S.D.
%RSD
10.20
80.32
0.089
0.9
0.397
0.5
Dipyridamole
Sample No.
Aspirin
Spike level
1
2
3
50% (40 mg)
4
5
6
Mean recovery
Mean % recovery
1
2
3
100% (80 mg)
4
5
6
Mean Recovery
Mean % Recovery
1
2
3
150% (120 mg)
4
5
6
Mean recovery
Mean % recovery
Amount
recovered (mg)
40.23
38.75
40.32
39.35
40.15
41.05
39.975
99.9
78.67
79.45
82.67
80.32
79.24
83.24
80.598
100.7
123.56
126.38
116.29
118.89
124.67
117.98
121.295
101.1
Recovery
Recovery studies for dipyridamole and aspirin were
performed at 50, 10%, and 150% of the highest
concentration of the linearity range (80 g/ml for
dipyridamole 10 g/ml for Aspirin) by spiking placebo
blend with the drug substance. Six replicates each were
Sample No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
Mean recovery
Mean % recovery
1
2
3
4
5
6
Mean Recovery
Mean % Recovery
1
2
3
4
5
6
Mean recovery
Mean % recovery
Spike level
50% (5 mg)
Amount
recovered (mg)
4.87
5.29
5.21
5.17
4.94
5.03
5.085
101.7
10.36
9.79
9.48
9.75
10.47
10.14
9.998
100.0
19.42
20.35
19.61
20.87
20.94
19.13
20.053
100.3
Prakash et al.
251
Parameter
Acceptance criteria
Linearity
Precision
Accuracy
R 0.999
%RSD of 6 replicates NMT 2.0%
Recovery 97.0 to 103.0%
Result
Dipyridamole
Aspirin
0.9999
0.9998
0.9%
0.5%
99.9-101.1%
100.3 to 101.7
Kachhadia PK, Doshi AS, Joshi HS (2009). Validated column highperformance liquid chromatographic method for determination of
aspirin and clopidogrel in combined tablets in the presence of
degradation products formed under ICH-recommended stress
conditions. J. AOAC. Int., 92(1): 152-157.
Laurence AH, Rudolf AK (1983). Mechanism of action of Dipyridamole.
Thromob Res. 29(1): 39-46.
Mishra P, Archana D (2006). Simultaneous determination of clopidogrel
and Aspirin in pharmaceutical dosage forms, Indian J. Pharm Sci.,
68(3): 365-368.
Murillo PJA, Alan MA, Fernndez LP (1997). Direct determination of
dipyridamole in serum. Anal Biochem., 245(1): 8-16.
Patel GF, Vekariya NR, Dholakiya RB (2010). Estimation of Aspirin and
Atorvastatin Calcium in Combine Dosage Form Using Derivative
Spectrophotometric Method. Int. J. Pharm. Res., 2(1): 62-66.
Periasamy U (1994). Determination of atenolol, nifedipine, aspirin and
dipyridamole in tablet preparations by second-order derivative
spectrophometry. Int J Pharm., 108(1): 11-19.
Purushotam KS, Mrinalini CD, Bothara KG (2009). A Validated Stability
Indicating HPTLC Method for Determination of Aspirin and
Clopidogrel Bisulphate in Combined Dosage Form. Eur. J Anal.
Chem., 4(2): 152-160.
Qin T, Qin F, Li N, Lu S, Liu W, Li F (2010). Quantitative determination
of dipyridamole in human plasma by high-performance liquid
chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and its application to a
pharmacokinetic study. Biomed Chromatogr., 24(3): 268-273.
Rajput SJ, George RK, Deepti BR (2008). Chemometric Simulataneous
estimation of clopidogrel bisulphate and aspirin from combined
dosage form. Indian J Pharm Sci., 70(4): 450-454.
Vora DN, Kadav AA (2008). Validated Ultra HPLC Method for the
Simultaneous Determination of Atorvastatin, Aspirin, and their
Degradation Products in Capsules. J Liq . Chromatogr Relat
Technol., 31(18): 2821- 2837.
Wada M, Nishiwaki J, Yamane T, Ohwaki Y, Aboul EHY, Nakashima K
(2007). Interaction study of
aspirin or clopidogrel on
pharmacokinetics of donepezil hydrochloride in rats by HPLCfluorescence detection. Biomed Chromatogr., 21(6): 616-620.
Wang N, Xu F, Zhang Z, Yang C, Sun X, Li J (2008). Simultaneous
determination of dipyridamole and salicylic acid in human plasma by
high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.
Biomed Chromatogr., 22(2): 149-156.
William DM, Roberta G (1983). Revised Method for Determination of
Aspirin and Salicylic Acid in Human Plasma by High Pressure Liquid
Chromatography. Anal Lett., 16(12): 903-912.
Zhang J, Miller RB, Jacobus R (1997). Development and Validation of a
Stability-Indicating HPLC Method for the Determination of
Degradation Products in Dipyridamole Injection. Chromatographia
44(5/6).