IRRIGATION & POWER DEPARTMENT PUNJAB

SAMPLE MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

(MCQs)

Departmental Professional Examination

PAPER A
1.IRRIGAITON MANUAL OF PRACTICE
2.IRRIGATION & HYDRAULIC STRUCTURES
By : Dr. Iqbal Ali
3.HANDOUTS
PAPER B:

ACCOUNTS CODE

* Question Relating to Delegation of Financial Power Rules

May be Updated according to latest edition

PAPER C: 1. IRRIGATION MANUAL OF ORDERS

2. PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMEN CODE

IRRIGATION & POWER DEPARTMENT PUNJAB

SAMPLE MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

(MCQs)

Departmental Professional Examination

PAPER A
1.IRRIGAITON MANUAL OF PRACTICE
2.IRRIGATION & HYDRAULIC STRUCTURES
By : Dr. Iqbal Ali
3.HANDOUTS

I.
Q.

DEFINITION OF TERMS USED IN CONNECTION

WITH IRRIGATION
1/12th of acre feet is equal to :
a. 2.0 Cusec hour
b. 1.0 cusec hour
c. 3.0 cusec hour

Ans.

Q.

Angularity correction made to velocity when the direction of current of flow is:
a.
b.
c.
d.

Right angled to discharge section

Exactly not right angle to discharge section
In case of calculation of discharge as a general
None

Ans.

Q.

Base period of Kharif Crop is :

a.
b.
c.
d.

183 days
182 days
365 days
120 days

Ans.

Q.

The capacity of canal is:

a.
b.
c.
d.

Maximum discharge it can carry

Authorized full supply discharge
Mean supply
Indented supply less or greater than full supply

Ans.

Q.

Full supply factor is :

a.
b.
c.
d.

Discharge at full supply level

Kharif Rabi ratio
Duty of canals at design stage
Intensity of Irrigation
3

Ans.

Q.

One cusec is equal to :

a. 2.83 litre per sec.
b. 28.3 litre per sec.
c. 15.2 litre per sec.

Ans.

Q.

One Cumec is equal to :

a.
b.
c.
d.

1.54 cusec
3.54 cusec
35.4 cusec
25.0 cusec

Ans.

Q.

A cross wall constructed in channel to effect uniform distribution of velocity

across section is :
a.
b.
c.
d.

Cut off wall

Baffle wall
Divide wall
Toe wall

Ans.

Q.

The ratio of water used by crop to that supplied at canal head is :

a.
b.
c.
d.

Irrigation intensity
Irrigation efficiency
Full supply factor
Crop consumptive use

Ans.

Q.

Crop ratio is:

a. Design intensity : Achieved intensity of Irrigation
b. Kharif : Rabi
c. G.C.A : C.C.A

Ans.

b
4

Q.

The area irrigated during a base period divided by the mean supply utilized in
cusecs is :
a. Delta
b. Duty
c. Consumptive use of crop

Ans.

Q.

Water allowance is:

a.
b.
c.
d.

Allowance to irrigation staff for good performance

Total cusecs provided to irrigate one thousand acres of C.C.A.
Water supplied for leaching operation
Discharge passing in an outlet

Ans.

Q.

The discharge through a triangular notch is measured by the equation:

a.
b.
c.

Q =
Q =
Q =

0.428C tan G3/2

4.28C tan G3/2
4.28C tan G3/2

Ans.

Q.

The formula C =19 D/b1 x (d+D)/b is used for calculation :

a.
b.
c.
d.

Position of Hydraulic Jump

Exit gradient
Mutual interference of sheet piles on uplift pressure
Maximum scour

Ans.

Q.

The formula R 0.9 (q2/f)1/3 is used for calculating:

a.
b.
c.
d.

Ans.

Depth of scour from bed of channel

Depth of scour from water surface
Depth of foundation of structure below bed
Depth of channel in Laceys formula

II.
Q.

SALIENT FEATURES OF IRRIGATION SYSTEM

Upper Bari Doab Canal was opened in:
a.
b.
c.
d.

1830
1859
1880
1890

Ans.

b.

Q.

Sutlej Valley Project (S.V.P) comprised the construction of :

a.
b.
c.
d.

Two head works

Three head works
Four head works
Five head works

Ans.

c.

Q.

Sutlej Valley Project (S.V.P)

a.
b.
c.
d.

Commenced in 1920 and completed in 1930

Commenced in 1922 and completed in 1930
Commenced in 1922 and completed in 1932
Commenced in 1925 and completed in 1935

Ans.

c.

Q.

Sutlej Valley Project (S.V.P) comprised :

a.
b.
c.
d.

5 canals
9 canals
11 canals
15 canals

Ans.

c.

Q.

Old Sidhnai Weir on River Ravi was completed in :

Ans.

a.
b.
c.
d.
b.

1870
1885
1895
1900

Q.

Total catchment area of Indus River System is:

a. 225,000 Sq miles
b. 350,000 Sq miles
c. 450,000 Sq miles
d. 550,000 Sq miles

Ans.

c.

Q.

The length of main Indus River is:

a.
b.
c.
d.

1500 miles
2000 miles
2500 miles
3000 miles

Ans.

Q.

The river with its source at Verinag in Kashmir Valley is called:

a.
b.
c.
d.

Indus River
Jhelum River
Chenab River
Ravi River

Ans.

b.

Q.

Catchment area of Chenab River is :

a.
b.
c.
d.

15,000 Sq miles
20,210 Sq miles
26,079 Sq miles
3,504 Sq miles

Ans.

c.

Q.

Length of Chenab River is :

a.
b.
c.
d.

Ans.

517 miles
772 miles
982 miles
1100 miles

b.

Q.

Average annual run off of Indus River is :

a.
b.
c.
d.

50 MAF
70MAF
90 MAF
100 MAF

Ans.

c.

Q.

Triple Canal Project comprises :

a.
b.
c.
d.

L.C.C. , U.C.C. and L.J.C.

L.C.C., M.R.L. and L.B.D.C.
U.J.C., U.C.C. and L.B.D.C.
U.J.C., L.C.C. and L.B.D.C.

Ans.

c.

Q.

The famous Triple Canal Project was completed in:

a.
b.
c.
d.

1903
1910
1915
1920

Ans.

c.

Q.

The concrete used in Upper Jhelum Canal at the time of its construction was :
a. Plain cement concrete
b. Reinforced cement concrete
c. Plain lime concrete

Ans.

c.

Q.

No. of level crossings on Upper Jhelum Canal are :

a.
b.
c.
d.

Ans.

2
3
4
5

c.

Q.

Haveli Canal Project was completed in :

a.
b.
c.
d.

1925
1939
1946
1955

Ans.

b.

Q.

Taunsa Project was commissioned in :

a.
b.
c.
d.

1948
1953
1958
1963

Ans.

c.

Q.

Steel super structure and gates and gearing system of Taunsa Barrage were
designed and fabricated by:
a. Mughalpura Irrigation Workshop (MIW)
b. Bhalwal Irrigation Workshop (BIW)
c. Machinery Division Lahore

Ans.

b.

Q.

Installed capacity of Rasul Power House is:

a.
b.
c.
d.

11 MW
15 MW
22 MW
30 MW

Ans.

c.

Q.

No of Hydro Power Stations on Upper Jhelum Canal are :

a.
b.
c.
d.

Ans.

2
3
4
5

a.

Q.

Nandipur Hydro Power Station is situated on :

a.
b.
c.
d.

Upper Jhelum Canal

Lower Jhelum Canal
Upper Chenab Canal
Q.B. Link

Ans.

c.

Q.

Shadiwal Hydro Power Station with installed capacity of 13,800 KW is situated

on:
a.
b.
c.
d.

Lower Jhelum Canal

Upper Jhelum Canal
Upper Chenab Canal
Lower Chenab Canal

Ans.

b.

Q.

No of barrages constructed under Indus Basin Project are :

a. 4 barrages
b. 5 barrages
c. 7 barrages

Ans.

b.

Q.

Total diversion capacity of canals in Pakistan is :

a.
b.
c.
d.

145000 Cusec
190000 Cusec
233000 Cusec
273000 Cusec

Ans.

c.

Q.

Annual average outflow of river water to sea is of the order of :

a.
b.
c.
d.

Ans.

25 MAF
38 MAF
45 MAF
55 MAF

b.

10

Q.

Total No. of outlets in Punjab are about:

a.
b.
c.
d.

40,000 No.
50,000 No.
60,000 No.
70,000 No.

Ans.

b.

Q.

Length of inter river link canals :

a.
b.
c.
d.

368 miles
431 miles
528 miles
638 miles

Ans.

c.

Q.

Small dams in Punjab are :

a.
b.
c.
d.

20 No.
25 No.
30 No.
35 No.

Ans.

c.

Q.

Length of flood embankments in Punjab is:

a.
b.
c.
d.

1200 miles
1400 miles
1600 miles
1800 miles

Ans.

c.

Q.

Total numbers of Head Works / Barrages in the Punjab are :

a. 22
b. 14
c. 18

Ans.

b.

11

Q.

Total number of main canal systems in Punjab is :

a. 44
b. 18
c. 21

Ans.
Q.

c.
Total off take especially of irrigation canals (apart from link canals) in Punjab is
of the order of :
a. 50,000 c/s
b. 1.2 lac cs
c. 3 lac cs

Ans.

b.

Q.

Total calturable commander area of irrigation system in Punjab is of the order of :

a. 42 million area
b. 50 million acres
c. 21 million acres

Ans.

c.

Q.

Total off-take capacity of link canal in the Punjab is of the order of :

a. 50,000 c/s
b. 1.1 lac cs
c. 2 lac cs

Ans.

b.

Q.

As against the overall designed intensity of irrigation of 67% the actual intensity
of irrigation is of the order of
a. 100 %
b. 122 %
c. 80%

Ans.
Q.

b.
The total mileage of irrigation canals in the Punjab is of the order of:
a. 50,000 miles
b. 23,000 miles
c. 15,000 miles

Ans.

b.
12

Q.

Indus River System Authority (IRSA) was established in the year :

a.
b.
c.
d.

1991
1993
1995
1997

Ans.

b.

Q.

Indus River System Authority (IRSA) comprises :

a.
b.
c.
d.

Three members
Four members
Five members
Six members

Ans.

c.

Q.

No. of Link Canals constructed under Indus Basin Treaty are :

a.
b.
c.
d.

Ans.
Q.

Ans.
Q.

Ans.
Q.

5
7
9
10

b.
Pakistan's Irrigation system is originally designed to operate
a during Rabi season only
b mainly run-of the river supplies to cover part of CCA annually
c to meet peak crop water demand of entire CCA
d for salinity control
b.
The total mean annual inflow of Pakistan's three western rivers is nearly
a 25 MAF
b 295 MAF
c 142 MAF
d 67 MAF
c.
Main canal systems in Pakistan are
a 39 No.
b 33 No.
c 20 No.
13

Ans.
Q.

Ans.
Q.

Ans.
Q.

Ans.

Q.

Ans.

Q.

Ans.

Q.

Ans.

d 43 No.
d.
Total No. of Head works / Barrages in Punjab are:
a 18 No.
b 10 No.
c 14 No.
d 17 No
c.
Total off take capacity of canals (apart from link canals)in punjab is nearly
a 0.8 Lac Cusec
b 2.0 Lac Cusec
c 1.2 Lac Cusec
d 1.4 Lac Cusec
c.
Main canal systems in Punjab are:
a 21No.
b 25 No.
c 29 No.
d 33 No.
a.
Small Dams in Punjab are
a 20 No.
b 25 No.
c 30 No.
d 35 No.
c.
The live storage capacity of Tarbela dam is
a 6.1 MAF
b 7.7 MAF
c 8.4 MAF
d 9.4 MAF
d
The live storage capacity of Mangla dam is
a 3.02 MAF
b 5.34 MAF
c 7.82 MAF
d 9.0 MAF
b

14

Q.

Ans.

Maximum number of head works in Pakistan have been constructed on river

a Chenab
b Jhelum
c Indus
d Sutlej
c.

15

III. THE STANDING WAVE OR HYDRAULIC JUMP

Q.

The position of hydraulic Jump is definite on a :

a) Horizontal floor
b) Sloping glacis
c) Crest

Ans.

b.

Q.

Hydraulic Jump phenomenon can be used for :

a)
b)
c)
d)

Energy dissipation
Hydroelectric power generation
Sub surface flow analysis
None of the above

Ans.

a.

Q.

A straight glacis type fall with a baffle platform and a baffle wall is called:
a)
b)
c)
d)

Vertical drop fall

Glacis fall
Montague type fall
Inglis fall

Ans.

d.

Q.

Which of the following types of falls use parabolic glacis for energy dissipation:
a)
b)
c)
d)

Vertical drop falls

Glacis drop falls
Montague type falls
Inglis fall

Ans.

c.

Q.

The most commonly used canal fall in Pakistan is:

Ans.

a)
b)
c)
d)
c.

Vertical drop fall

Ogee type
Glacis type
Mushtaqs spreading floor type

16

Q.

Which of the following can be used as a meter fall :

a)
b)
c)
d)

Vertical fall
Flumed glacis fall
Un-flumed glacis fall
All of above

Ans.

b.

Q.

The energy dissipation in an Inglis fall is caused by:

a)
b)
c)
d)

A pool of water
A hydraulic jumps
Neither (a) nor (b)
Both (a) and (b)

Ans.

d.

Q.

Friction blocks on the downstream side of the pacca canal fall, can be used to
dissipate the excess energy in the falling water, in case of :

Ans.

a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
e.

A glacis fall
A vertical drop fall
A baffle fall
(a) and (b) both
(a) (b) and (c) all

17

IV.

RIVER TRAINING AND CONTROL

Q.

The width within which a river has ranged within historic times is termed as:
a)
b)
c)
d)

Meander ratio
Limits of oscillation
Meander length
Meander belt

Ans.

b.

Q.

The amplitude of swing of a fully developed meander from mid stream to mid
stream is called:
a)
b)
c)
d)

Meander width
Meander length
Meander ratio
Sub meander

Ans.

a.

Q.

A bend in a river imposed by external restraint is called:

a)
b)
c)
d)

Meander belt
A warp
Meander width
Meander length

Ans.

b.

Q.

River which cuts its channel through the bed of the valley floor is termed as:
a) A meander river
b) An incised river
c) None of above

Ans.
Q.

b.
For a meandering alluvial river, the ratio of its channel length to direct axial
length is always:
a)
b)
c)
d)

1
>1
<1
May be less or more than 1, depending upon the river

18

Ans.

b.

Q.67. In a meandering river, the ratio of actual channel length to direct axial length is
called:
a)
b)
c)
d)
Ans.

Tortuousity
Inverse of tortuousity
Cut off ratio
None of these

a.

Q.68. Tortuosity in a meandering river, is:

a)
b)
c)
d)
Ans.

1
<1
>1
None of these

c.

Q.69. A river reach having tortuousity of 1.2, can be said to have:

a)
b)
c)
d)
Ans.

20% tortuousity of meander

80% of tortuousity of meander
120% tortuousity of meander
None of the above

a.

Q.70. For a meandering alluvial river in flood plains, the meander length is about:
a)
b)
c)
d)
Ans.

6W
18 W
17 W
W

a.

Q.71. Meander ratio in alluvial meandering river is given by:

Ans.

a)
b)
c)
d)
b.

Meander length / meander with

Meander width / meander length
(meander width / meander length) x 100
None of them

19

Q.

Sinuosity of a meandering river is :

a)
b)
c)
d)

The same as tortuousity

Inverse of tortuousity
Log of tortuousity
None of them

Ans.

a.

Q.

An alluvial river increases its length by meandering due to :

a)
b)
c)
d)

Variation of discharge
Variation in land topography
Both (a) and (b)
None of the above

Ans.

c.

Q.

The secondary factor, which is responsible for meander in an alluvial river is :

a)
b)
c)
d)

Inadequate land gradient

Deficient silt load
Constant discharge
None of them

Ans.

b.

Q.

As a result of deepening of D/S sheet pile, the uplift pressure on barrage floor.
a) Decreases
b) Increases
c) Remains constant

Ans.
Q.

Ans.
Q.

b.
The river has a tendency to change its course when passing through
a
Alluvial soil
b
Non-alluvial soil
c
Rocky mountains
d
all of above
a.
The minimum size of stone that will remain at rest in a channel of longitudinal
slope S and hydraulic mean radius R is given by
a
4 RS
b
11 RS
20

Ans.
Q.

Ans.
Q.

Ans.
Q.

c
d
b.

7 RS
15 RS

Lacey's wetted perimeter Pw is

a
Pw = 1.6 Q1/2
b
Pw = 2.668 Q1/2
c
Pw = 3.732Q1/2
d
Pw =4.831 Q1/2
b.
Lacey's formula for scour depth "R" with discharge "q" (in FPS system) is
a
R = 0.4 (q2/f)1/3
b
R = 0.9 (q2/f)1/3
c
R = 0.3 (q2/f)2/3
d
R = 0.6 (q2/f)1/3
b.
In order to permit inspection of river embankments, the top width of the
embankment should not be less than

Ans.

a
b
c
c

Q.

The water side slope of the embankment should be

Ans.

a
b
c
a

Q.

The land side slope of a river embankment should be not less than

Ans.

a
b
c
b

Q.

20 feet
8-10 feet
12-16 feet

1 : 2 to 1 :3
1 : 4 to 1 : 6
1:1

1:1
1:2
1:3

Usually (depending upon the nature of material) the embankment is considered

safe against hydraulic gradient if the hydraulic gradient is covered by about
a
b
c

5 feet
3.5 feet
2 feet
21

Ans.

Q.

The usually recommended free board of an embankment is

Ans.

a
b
c
a

Q.

As far as possiblem the borrow pits should be laid

Ans.

a
b
b

Q.

Borrow pits laid on the river side of an embankment should be

Ans.

a
b
b.

Q.

5 feet
3.5 feet
7 feet

on the land side of the embanbkment

on the river side of the embankment

continuous in length
discontinuous in length

When a river embankment has to be raised, the new earth work should be added
on

Ans.

a
b
b

land side of the embankment

on the river side of the embankment

Q.

When a leakage occurs in a river embankment, among other operations

Ans.

a
b
c
c

clay puddle should be poured on the u/s side

sand should be poured on the u/s side
saw dust, bran, powdered dung should be thrown on the u/s side

22

V.

IRRIGATION CHANNELS THEIR DESIGN AND

MAINTENANCE

Q.

Laceys approach for design of unlined channels:

a. Has specified relationship for sediment transport
b. Completely ignores sediment size and charge
c. Indirectly incorporate the effect of sediment within the operating
conditions of small medium sized canals in Pakistan.

Ans.

c.

Q.

Silt ejectors are devices built in :

a.
b.
c.
d.

Head reaches of main canal

Middle reaches of main canal
Under sluices for controlling silt entry into canal
The main weir for diverting silt into under sluices

Ans.

a.

Q.

Silt excluders are devices built in :

a.
b.
c.
d.

Canals for silt control

Under sluice portion for control of silt entry into canal
The main weir for diverting silt to the under sluices
The minor canals for proper distribution of silt to the outlets

Ans.

b.

Q.

Unlined channels in Pakistan are generally designed using:

a.
b.
c.
d.

Laceys approach
Mannings formula
Kennedys approach
Rational approach

Ans.
Q.

a.
Lacys Silt factor is calculated by the formula :
f = 1.76 D50
a.
f = 1.76 (D90 + D10)/2
b.
f = 0.176 D60
c.
f = 0.176 (D60 + D40)/2
d.

Ans.

a.
23

Q.

What does the term chak mean:

a.
b.
c.
d.

Area of village irrigated by different outlets

Area irrigated by an outlet
Area irrigated by small minor
Total area of village included in C.C.A.

Ans.

b.

Q.

The minimum slope in the water course is :

a.
b.
c.
d.

Between 0.35 to 0.4 per thousand ft.

Between 0.4 to 0.5 per thousand ft.
Between 0.1 to 0.25 per thousand ft.
0.3 per thousand ft.

Ans.

c.

Q.

A meter flume is constructed in canal to :

a.
b.
c.
d.

To stream line the current of flow in channel

To measure discharge
To increase velocity of flow to carry silt load
To avoid construction of fall

Ans.

b.

Q.

The efficient maintenance of canal means:

a.
b.
c.
d.

The channel is capable to carry its authorized discharge only

Capable to carry authorized discharge with authorized supply level
Capable to carry extra supply without affecting free board
Capable to carry authorized supply with nil free board

Ans.

b.

Q.

In the case of a distributory , when NSL is below bed level, the free board
provided is :
a. 3.0 ft
b. 2.0 ft
c. 1.5 ft

Ans.

c.

Q.

The total canal withdrawal in Punjab at the time of partition was of the order of
37 maf which is how of the order of :
24

a. 55 maf
b. 80 maf
c. 102 maf
Ans.

a.

Q.

Which method should be adopted to maintain berms of shallow channel (depth 3

to 4):
a.
b.
c.
d.

By longitudinal staking and bushing

By cross spurs
By hanging spurs
By a combination of any two or more of the above

Ans.

a.

Q.

What should be hydraulic gradient in a channel where F.S.L is more than 5.0
above N.S.L. (Bad Soil)
a.
b.
c.
d.

1 :3
1 :4
1 :5
1 :6

Ans.

d.

Q.

Total total mean annual river discharge in Pakistan is of the order of :

a.
b.
c.
d.

100 Maf
125 Maf
145 Maf
170 Maf

Ans.

c.

Q.

The total canal culturable command area (CCA) of the Indus plain in Pakistan is:
a.
b.
c.
d.

Ans.

30.5 Million Acres

35.0 Million Acres
45.1 Million Acres
55.8 Million Acres

b.

25

Q.

The losses by evaporation and percolation are minimum during irrigation for
crops through :
a. Free flooding method Basin flooding method
b. Sprinkler irrigation method
c. Drip irrigation method

Ans.

c.

Q.

The relation between duty: D in acres /cusec, depth of water in feet and
base period B in days is given by
a.
b.
c.
d.

Ans.

= B/D
= 1.98 B/D
= 3 B/D
= 4 B/D

b.

Q.

Value of Laceys silt factor in Punjab canals ranges from:

a 0.75 to 1.2
b 2.8 to 3.6
c 0.35 to 0.51
d 21.33 to 23.76

Ans.

a.

Q.

For good concrete-lined channels Mannings n is around

a 0.15
b 0.45
c 0.015
d 1.02
c.

Ans.
Q.

Ans.
Q.

Ans.

Unlined channel in Pakistan are generally designed using

a Laceys approach
b Kennedys approach
c Mannings formula
d Rational approach
a.
Silt excluders are devices built in
a Canals for silt control
b Undersluice portion for control of silt entry into canal
c The main weir for diverting silt to the undersluice
d The minor canals for proper distribution of silts to the outlet
b.
26

Q.5

Ans.
Q.

Laceys approach for design unlined channels

a Has specific relationship for sediment transport
b Completely ignores sediment size and charge
c. Indirectly incorporate the effects of sediments within the operating
conditions of small-medium sized canals in indo-Pakistan
d None of above
c.
Lacey's silt factor is determined by the formula (where mr is mean particle size in
mm.)

Ans.
Q.

Ans.
Q.

Ans.
Q.

Ans.
Q.

Ans.

a f = 2.54 (mr)1/2
b f = 1.76 (mr)1/2
c f = 25.4 (mr)1/2
d f = 10.001 (mr)1/2
b.
If "D' is the depth of the water. Critical velocity expression by Kennedys theory
(MKS System) is
a Vo = 0.546 x D0.57
b Vo = 0.546 x D0.64
c Vo = 4.867 x D0.64
d Vo = 9.81 x D0.64
b.
The relation between Chezy's constant 'C' and Manning's Constant 'n' is (where 'R'
is the hydraulic mean radius.)
a C = n x R1/2
b C = n / R1/2
c C = R1/2 / n
d C = 1 / (n x R1/2)
c.
The Maning's expression to find out the velocity is (R = hydraulic mean radius&
S=bed slope)
a V = (1/n) x R2/3 x S1/2
b V = (4.864/n) x R2/3 x S1/3
c V = (1/n) x R3/2 x S1/2
d V = (1/n) x R1/2 x S2/3
a.
Keeping the properties constant like bed slope, roughness coefficient, area of flow
etc. which section will give the maximum discharge
a Circular
b Triangular
c Trapezoidal
d Rectangular
a.
27

Q.

Ans.
Q.

Ans.

Q.

Ans.
Q.

Ans.
Q.

Ans.
Q.

Ans.
Q.

Silt ejector are devices built in

a Middle reach of the distributry canal
b Head reaches of the main canals
c Undersluice for controlling the silt entry into canals
d The main weir for diverting silt into undersluice
b.
Lining of canal can
a Increase Velocity
b Increase Efficiency
c Both of above
d None of 'a' and 'b'
c.
The ratio of the average values of shear stresses produced on the bed and the
banks of a channel due to flowing water is
a Less than 1
b Equal to 1
c Greater than 1
d Equal to zero
c.
If the critical shear stress of a channel is o then the average value of the shear
stress required to move the grain on the bank is
a 0.5 o
b 0.75 o
c to
d 1.33 o
b.
According to Laceys theory, the silt supporting eddies are generated from
a Bottom of channel only
b Sides of the channel only
c Bottom as well as sides of channel
d None of the above
c.
According to Laceys, theory the bed slope is given by (where f is silt factor and
Q is discharge in cumecs)
a f4/3 / 3340 Q1/2
b f2/3 / 3340 Q1/4
c f5/3 / 3340 Q1/6
d f1/3 / 3340 Q5/3
c.
As per Laceys theory, the silt factor is
a Directly proportional to average particle size
28

Ans.
Q.

Ans.
Q.

Ans.
Q.

Ans.
Q.

Ans.
Q.

Ans.

Q.

b Inversely proportional to average particle size

c Directly proportional to square root of average particle size
d Not related to average particle size
c.
As per Laceys regime theory, the flow velocity is equal to the
a (Qf2)1/3
b (Qf2)1/6
c (Q/f2)
d (Q/f2)1/3
b.
The slope of a channel for which it is designed, in its true sense is:
a Natural Ground Slope
b Bed slope
c The slope of the water surface
d All of above
c.
Bed load in canal hydraulics is
a Silt and sand rolling in the bed
b Gravel or other deteritus rolling in the bed
c Weight of Stone Pitching
d both a and b
d.
Lacey's formula for velocity Vo is (fps system)
a Vo = 1.23 f1/2 S 1/2
b Vo = 1.323 f1/2 S 1/3
c Vo = 1.1547 f1/2 S 1/2
d Vo = 1.1547 f1/2 S 2/3
c.
Laceys silt factor is proportional to
a d1/2
b d
c d2
d d/2
a.

(where "d" is the grain size

The major drawback of the lacey's regime theory as used for the design of an
irrigaton canal is that
a It does not consider the quantum of sediment load, which is likely to flow
into the canal.
b It is applicable to non-cohesive soils.
c It is applicable to alluvial areas of pakistan.
29

Ans.

Q.

Ans.

Q.

Ans.

Q.

Ans.
Q.

d All of above
a.
A meter flume is constructed in canal to
a To stream line the current of flow in channel
b To measure discharge
c to increase the velocity of flow to carry silt load
d To avoid construction of fall
b.
The losses by evaporation and percolation are minimum during irrigation for
crops through
a Free flooding method
b Basin flooding method
c Sprinkler irrigation method
d drip irrigation method
d.
Which type of trees are recommended to be grown in canal reaches near rest
houses
a fruit trees
b kikar
c frash
d masquite
a.
V and R are the regime mean velocity and hydraulic mean depth respectively in
meters. Laceys silt factor.
a)
c)
Ans.

Q.

b)
d)

f=3V2
4R
f=2V2
5R

c.

If average particle size of the silt in millimeters is m, the Laceys silt factor f is
proportional to
a)
c)
Ans.

Q.

f=2V2
3R
f=5V2
2R

m
m1/2

b)
d)

m3
m1/3

c.

The Laceys regime velocity is proportional to

a)

R1/2 S3/4

b)

Q3/4 S1/3
30

c)
Ans.
Q.

F.S.L. of a canal at its head with respect to parent channel is kept

Ans.

At the same level.

15 cm lower.
15 cm higher.
None of these.

b.

In gravity canals, F.S.L. is

a)
b)
c)
d)
Ans.

Always at the ground level.

Always below the ground level.
Generally 4 to 5 meters above the ground level.
Only a few cm above the ground level.

d.

Side slopes generally kept for canals in loam soil, are:

a.
b.
c.
d.
Ans.

Q.

Non regime section

In-adequate slope.
Defective head regulator.
Defective outlets
All the above.

e.

a)
b)
c)
d)

Q.

R2/3 S1/2

The main cause of silting up of a channel, is

Ans.

Q.

d)

c.

a)
b)
c)
d)
e)

Q.

R3/4 S1/3

1:1 in cutting and 1 :1 in filing.

1 :1 in cutting and 2:1 in filing.
Neither (a) nor (b)
Both (a) and (b)

d.

Finally formed berms in canals are provided for

a)
b)
c)

Controlling seepage losses.

Strengthening of banks.
all the above.
31

Ans.
Q.

c.

Borrow pits should preferably be located in

a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Ans.

Q.

Field on the left side of the canal.

Field on the right side of the canal.
Fields on both sides of the canal.
Strengthening of banks.
all the above.

d.

Disposal of extra excavated earth of canals, is utilized to provide a spoil bank on

a. Left side.
b. Right side
c. Both sides
d. All the above
Ans.

d.

Q.

The measure to remove water logging of land is

a. To reduce percolation from canals and water courses.
b. To increase outflow from the ground water reservoir.
c. Both (a) and (b)
d. Neither (a) nor (b)
Ans. c.

Q.

A fall in a canal bed is generally provided, if

a)
b)
c)
d)
Ans.

Q.

ground slope exceeds the designed bed slope.

designed bed slope exceeds the ground slope.
ground slope is practically the same as the designed bed slope.
None of these.

a.

In a concrete canal the approximate permissible concrete velocity of water should

not exceed
a). 0.5 m/sec.
b). 1 m/sec
c). 1.5 m/sec
d). 2 m/sec
e). 2.5 m/sec
Ans. d.

32

Q.

Cross regulators in main canals are provided

a)
b)
c)
d)
Ans.

Q.

b.

Pick up the correct statement from the following.

a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Ans.

Q.

Escape are essential safety values in a canal system.

The capacity of escapes should not be less than the capacity of the
canal at its location.
The escapes must lead the surplus water to natural drainages.
The escapes are aligned to take advantage of contours of lower
values.
All the above.

e.

Bed bars in a canal are provided

a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Ans.

Q.

to regulate water supply in the distributaries.

To increase water head upstream when a main canal is running
with low supplies.
To over flow excessive flood water.
None of these.

to watch the general behavior of canal.

To measure the discharge.
To raise the supply level.
To control the silting.
All the above.

a.

The main function of a diversion head works of a canal from a river, is

a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Ans.

to remove silt.
To control floods.
To store water
To raise water level.
All the above.

d.

33

VI.

SILTING TANKS

Q.

Silting tanks are constructed and operated

a

To raise the level behind the bank of a channel in heavy filling for greater
safety.

Removing injurious silt charge from irrigation channel

none of above
both of a & b

Ans.

b
c
d
d

Q.

The structure / arrangement at the point where water enters a silting tank as

Ans.

a
b
c
a

Q.

Ans.
Q.

Ans.
Q.

Ans.

inlet
outlet
wear

The structure / arrangement at the end of silting tank where water re-enters the
canal is
a
b
c
c

inlet
outlet
outfall

In the case of a branch canal, the head across the inlet of a silting tank should not
be less than
a
b
c
c

1 foot
1.5 feet
0.5 feet

In the case of a branch canal, in a silting tank, the head across the outfall should
not be less than
a
b
c
c

1 foot
1.5 feet
0.4 feet

34

Q.32

The water surface slope in silting tank is of the order of

Ans.

a
b
c
b

Q.

In principal in a silting tank, the inlet should be fixed at

Ans.

a
b
c
a

Q.

In principle, in a silting tank, the crest level of the outfall should be fixed at

Ans.

a
b
c
b

Q.

In principle, in a silting tank, the crest level of the outfall should be fixed at

Ans.

a
b
c
b

Q.

In winter season , the silting tank shoul be

a
b

Ans.

0.25 feet per thousand

0.05 feet per thousand
0.5 feet per thousand

lowest possible level

near the FSL
at half the depth of the canal

lowest possible level

highest possible level
at half the depth in the parent channel

lowest possible level

highest possible level
at half the depth in the parent channel

allowed to run
closed down

35

VII.

CANAL ROADS

Q.

Which is correct.
a
b

Ans.
Q.

a
To maintain the legal status as private roads belonging to the irrigation branch, all
canal roads are closed for full one day
a
b

Ans.
Q.

Ans.

canal roads are the properly of irrigation branch and are not open to
public.
canal roads are open to public / private traffic

from midnight of 30th Sept. to midnight on Ist Oct. each year

from midnight of 30th June to midnight on Ist July each year

b
A good cross slope should be provided on a kachha road to facilitate rapid
drainage of water.The cross slope should be
a
b
c
b

3 inches
1 in 40 to 1 in 60
1 in 10 to 1 in 20

36

VIII. OUTLETS
Q.

The sensitivity of a modular outlet is :

a.
b.
c.
d.

One
Zero
Two
Three

Ans.

b.

Q.

The discharge of semi modular outlet is;

a. Independent of water level in Disty
b. Independent of water level in watercourse
c. Independent of water levels both in Disty and watercourse

Ans.

b.

Q.

The most suitable type of outlet for tail cluster is ;

a.
b.
c.
d.

Pipe outlet
Scratchley outlet
Open flume outlet
Adjustable proportional module (A.P.M)

Ans.

c.

Q.

A device which connects a water course with a distributing channel is called:

a.
b.
c.
d.

Inlet
Outlet
Aqua duct
Siphon

Ans.

b.

Q.

Above the control point in a distributing channel, the most suitable type of outlet
is:
a.
b.
c.
d.

Ans.

Pipe outlet
Adjustable proportional module (A.P.M)
Scratchley outlet
Open flume

d.
37

Q.

In practice the width of an outlet is limited to :

a. 0.1 foot
b. 0.2 feet
c. 0.3 feet

Ans.

b.

Q.

The discharge formula for an open flume outlet is :

a.

CBH 3/2+
7.3 x B x h
1.23 x B x y

b.
c.

Ans.

a.

Q.

In the discharge formula for an APM outlet :

7x3 x B x Hs
Hs is measured
a. from bottom of roof block to the crest
b. from water level in the channel to crest
c. from water level in channel to bottom of roof block

Ans.

c.

Q.

In the head reach of a channel, the most suitable type of outlet is:
a.
b.
c.
d.

Open flume outlet

Adjustable proportional module (A.P.M)
Gibbs module
Khannas rigid O.S.M

Ans.

b.

Q.

Crumps open flume outlet is :

a. Non-modular outlet
b. Weir type semi modular outlet
c. Orifice type outlet modular outlet

Ans.

b.
38

Q.

The ratio between the rate of change of discharge of the outlet and the rate of
change of discharge of the channel is called:
a.
b.
c.
d.

Sensitivity
Sensitiveness
Flexibility
Efficiency

Ans.

c.

Q.

The fractional increase or decrease of outlet supply per 0.1 ft. rise or fall in the
channel is:
a.
b.
c.
d.

Efficiency
Sensitiveness
Flexibility
Sensitivity

Ans.

b.

Q.

The ratio between rate of change of discharge of an outlet and rate of change in
level of distributory water surface is called:
a.
b.
c.
d.

Sensitivity
Flexibility
Sensitiveness
Efficiency

Ans.

a.

Q.

A fairly approximate formula for MMH of an APM outlet is (Hs is measured

from water surface in canal to bottom of roof block)
a.
b.
c.

20 % of Hs
0.75 Hs
10% of Hs

Ans.

b.

Q.

The MMH required for an APM is given by the formula MMH = 0.82 Hs x Bt/2,
in which Hs is measured:
a. from bottom of roof block to the crest
b. from water level in the channel to crest
c. from water level in the channel to bottom of the roof block
c.

Ans.

39

Q.

The ratio of the head recovered to the head put in of an outlet is called:
a.
b.
c.
d.

Efficiency
Flexibility
Sensitivity
Minimum Modular Head Ratio

Ans.

a.

Q.

The Ratio between the minimum modular head and the depth of water in the
channel is called as :
a.
b.
c.
d.

Flexibility
Efficiency
Minimum Modular Head Ratio
Sensitivity

Ans.

c.

Q.

Which one of the following outlets is non-modular:

a.
b.
c.
d.

Open flume
Pipe outlet
A.P.M
Gibbs Module

Ans.

b.

Q.

The formula for calculating discharge of an open flume outlet is:

(where G is measured from WSL in the channel to the crest )
a.
q = K Bt G3/2
b.
q = K Bt G
c.
q = K Bt G2
d.
q = K Bt G5/2

Ans.
Q.

a.
In formula for calculating discharge of an open flume outlet for Bt = 0.3 to 0.4,
the value of K is taken as :
a.
b.
c.
d.

Ans.

=
=
=
=

2.80
2.90
2.95
3.0

c.
40

Q.

The flexibility F= 1 in the case of open flume outlet can be secured by keeping the
crest of the outlet at :
a.
b.
c.
d.

0.7 of the depth of the channel

0.8 of the depth of the channel
0.9 of the depth of the channel
0.6 of the depth of the channel

Ans.

c.

Q.

Minimum working head required in an open flume outlet is :

a.
b.
c.
d.

20% of the depth of water above crest of outlet

30% of the depth of water above crest of outlet
40% of the depth of water above crest of outlet
50% of the depth of water above crest of outlet

Ans.

a.

Q.

The best type of an outlet to check the over drawl is :

a. Pipe outlet
b. Open flume outlet
c. A.P.M.

Ans.

c.

Q.

Introduction of a large number of control points (consistent with command

requirements) on a distributing channel will:
a. Increase its efficiency
b. Decrease its efficiency
c. No effects on its efficiency

Ans.

a.

Q.

Shifting the site of an outlet to a point above a fall will :

a. Improve its command
b. Reduce its command
c. Have no effect on its command

Ans.

a.

Q.

The silt drawing capacity of an outlet should ideally be :

a. = 70 8-%
41

b. = 40 50%
c. = 110-115%
d. = 200%
Ans.

c.

Q.

The outlet will draw its fair share of silt charge when its setting is:
a. Below the bed of channel
b. Near the bed of channel
c. Above the bed of channel

Ans.

b.

Q.

For very small working head, the most suitable type of an outlet is :
a. A.P.M.
b. Pipe outlet
c. Gibbs module

Ans.

b.

Q.

Which of the following canal outlets maintain a constant discharge within the
normal working limits.
a.
b.
c.
d.

Non modular outlet

Flexible outlet
Rigid module
None of the above

Ans.

c.

Q.

The ratio of the depth of cill level of the outlet below F.S.L. of disty to the full
supply depth of the disty is called:
a.
b.
c.
d.

Ans.
Q.

Ans.

Flexibility
Sensitivity
Setting
Efficiency

c.
Crumps open flume outlet is
a Non-modular outlet
b Weir type semi-modular outlet
c Orifice type outlet
d Modular outlet
b.
42

Q.

Ans.
Q.

Ans.
Q.

Ans.
Q.

Ans.
Q.

Ans.
Q.

Ans.
Q.

The silt drawing capacity of an outlet should be

a 70 80%
b 40 45%
c 110 115%
d 200%
c.
Which of the following canal outlets maintains a constant discharge
a Non-modular outlet
b Flexible outlet
c Rigid module
d None of above
c.
The discharge of semi modular out let is
a Independent of water level in Distributry
b Independent of water level in water course
c Independent of water level both in Distributry and water course
d none of above
b.
The most suitable type of outlet for tail cluster is
a Pipe outlet
b Scratchley outlet
c Open flume outlet
d Adjustable Proportional Module (APM)
c.
Above the control point in a distributing channel, the most suitable type of outlet
is
a Pipe outlet
b Adjustable Proportional Module (APM)
c Scratchley outlet
d Open flume outlet
d.
In the head reach of a channel, the most suitable type of outlet is
a Open flume outlet
b Adjustable Proportional Module (APM)
c Gibb's module
d Khanna's rigid O.S.M.
b.
The fractional increase or decrease of outlet supply per 0.1 ft rise or fall in the
channel is
a Efficiency
43

Ans.
Q.

Ans.
Q.

Ans.
Q.

Ans.
Q.

b Sensitiviteness
c Flexibility
d Sensitivity
c.
The ratio between the minimum or maximum modular head and the depth of
water in the channel is called
a Flexibility
b Efficiency
c Minimum modular head ratio
d Sensitivity
c.
Which one of the following outlets is non modular
a Open flume
b Pipe outlet
c A.P.M.
d Gibb's module
b.
The formula for calculating the discharge of an open flume outlet is ( where G is
the distance between water level in the channel and the crest of the outlet)
a q = K Bt G3/2
b q = K Bt G1/2
c q = K Bt G2
d q = K Bt G5/2
a.
For very small working head, the most suitable type of an out let is
a A.P.M.
b Pipe outlet
c Gibb's module
d All of above

Ans.
Q.

Ans.
Q.

The ratio of rate of change of the discharge of an outlet to the rate of change of
the discharge of distributing channel is called
a proportionality
b flexibility
c setting
d sensitivity
b.
The formula for calculating the discharge over a broad crested weir is,
a Q = Cd x B x H5/2
b Q = Cd x B x H2
44

Ans.
Q.

Ans.
Q.

Ans.
Q.

Ans.
Q.

Ans.
Q.

Ans.
Q.

Ans.

c Q = Cd x B x H2/3
d Q = Cd x B x H3/2
d.
Canal falls are provided
a to generate additional channel slope
b to cover mismatch between land slope and canal slope
c to improve silt carrying capacity of the canal
d to check the discharge in the canal
b.
The most commonly used modern canal fall in Pakistan is
a Mushtaqs spreading floor type
b Vertical drop type
c Ogee type
d Glacis type
d.
The velocity at which the minimum energy is generated, is called
a Hyper critical velocity
b Critical velocity
c Sub critical velocity
d none of above
b
The phenomanon which take place when a super critical flow changes into sub
critical flow is called:
a Hydraulic gradient
b Vena Contracta
c Hydraulic Jump
d Cavitation
c.
Flow is critical and no formation of hydraulic jump takes place when Froude No.
F1 is:
a 1
b <1
c >1
d 0
a.
hydraulic Jump phenomanon can be used for
a Energy disspation.
b Hydraulic power generation
c Sub surface flow analysis
d none of above
a.
45

Q.

Ans.
Q.

Ans.
Q.

Ans.
Q.

Ans.

A Hydraulic jump involves

a super critical flow
b sub critical flow
c critical flow
d All of above
d.
The percentage of energy dissipation in a hydraulic jump
a increases with the increase in the Froude No. (of the incoming flow)
b decreases with the increase in the Froude No.
c remains unaffected with the increase in the Froude No.
d All of above
a.
A hydraulic jump ensures
a Change of sub critical flow to super critical flow
b Change of super critical flow to sub critical flow
c Change of sub critical flow to critical flow
d Change of super critical flow to critical flow
b.
Vertical drop fall is satisfactory for a height up to
a 0.5 m
b 1.5 m
c 3.5 m
d 5.0 m
b.

46

IX.

DESIGN OF CROSS DRAINAGE WORKS / INLETS

Q.

If a canal is carried over a natural drain without affecting FSL/HFL is it called

a
Aqueduct
b
Siphon
c
Level crossing
d
Drainage inlet
a.

Ans.
Q.

Ans.
Q.

Ans.
Q.

Ans.
Q.

Ans.

An aqueduct is a
a
Canal fall
b
Cross drainage work
c
Measuring device
d
A small dam
b.
The unit hydrograph of a specified duration can be used to evaluate the
hydrograph of storms of
a
Same duration only
b
Same and shorter duration
c
Same and longer duration
d
Any duration
d.
If the R.L.s of canal bed level and high flood level of drainage are 212.0 m and
210.0 m respectively, then cross drainage work will be
a
Aqueduct
b
Super passage
c
Siphon
d
Siphon aqueduct
a.
The aqueduct or super passage types of work are generally used when
a
High flood drainage discharge is small
b
High discharge is available for irrigation
c
High flood drainage discharge is large and continuous for a longtime
d
None of the above
c.

47

X.
Q.

Ans.
Q.

Ans.
Q.

Ans.
Q.

Ans.
Q.

Ans.
Q.

Ans.

DESIGN & O&M OF SMALL DAMS

A current meter is used to measure the
a Velocity of flow of water
b Depth of flow of water
c Discharge
d None of above
a.
For a flood control reservoir, the effective storage is equal to
a Useful storage - valley storage
b Useful storage + Surcharge storage
c Useful storage + Surcharge storage + Valley storage
d Useful storage + Surcharge storage - Valley storage
d.
For wave action in dams, the maximum height of freeboard is generally taken to
be equal to
a 0.5 of wave height
b 0.75 of wave height
c 1.25 of wave height
d 1.50 of wave height
d.
The useful storage is the volume of water stored in the reservoir between
a Minimum pool level and maximum pool level
b Minimum pool level and normal pool level
c Normal pool level and maximum pool level
d River bed and minimum pool level
b.
The water stored in the reservoir below the minimum pool level is
a Useful storage
b Dead storage
c Valley storage
d Surcharge storage
b.
The total capacity of the reservoir is 25 million cubic meters and dead storage is 5
million cubic meters. If the average volume of sediment deposition is 0.10 million
cubic meters per year, then the usefulness of the reservoir starts reducing after
a 50 years
b 150 years
c 200 years
d 250 years
a.
48

Q.

Ans.
Q.

Ans.
Q.

Ans.
Q.

Ans.
Q.

Ans.
Q.

Ans.

The major resisting force in the gravity Dam is

a Water pressure
b Wave pressure
c Self-weight of the Dam
d Uplift pressure
c.
The elementary profile of the Dam is
a A rectangle
b A trapezoid
c An equilateral triangle
d A right angled triangle
d.
In case of non-availability of space due to topography the most suitable spillway
is
a Straight drop spillway
b chute spillway
c Chute spillway
d Ogee spillway
b.
Which of the following is not a Dam
a Arch Dam
b Buttress Dam
c Velocity Control Dam
d Coffer Dam
c.
The uplift pressure on the Dam can be controlled by
i) Constructing cutoff wall under upstream face
ii) Constructing drainage channels between dam and its foundation
iii) By pressure grouting in foundation
a Only (i)
b Both (i) and (ii)
c Both (i) and (iii)
d (i), (ii) and (iii)
d.
The maximum run off of the catchment area is calculated to
a Decide the capacity of reservoir
b Design of spillway of Dam
c Design size of outlet off taking from dam
d Fix dead storage level of Dam
b

49

Q.

Ans.
Q.

Ans.
Q.

Ans.
Q.

Ans.
Q.

Ans.
Q.

Ans.

Trap efficiency of a reservoir is a function of

a capacity / inflow ratio
b capacity / outflow ratio
c outflow / inflow ratio
d none of above
a.
The maximum permissible eccentricity for no tension at the base of a gravity dam
(base width B) is
a B/2
b B/3
c B/4
d B/6
d.
Presence of tail water in gravity dam
a decreases principal and shear stresses
b increases principal and shear stresses
c increases principal stresses and decreases shear stresses
d none of above
a.
As compared to gravity dams, earthen dams
a are costlier
b are less susceptible to failure
c require sound rock foundations
d require less skilled labour
d.
In chute spillway, the flow is usually
a uniform
b subcritical
c critical
d super critical
d.
In linear reservoir, storage varies linearly with
a time
b inflow rate
c outflow rate
d none of above
c.

50

XI.

DRAINS

Q..

The alignment of drain should follow:

a.
b.
c.
d.

It should be near swamps and ponds

It should be along river
It should follow the line of depression
It should be parallel to Irrigation channel

Ans.

c.

Q.

Storm water drains should be capable of draining out all accumulation of water
due to normal clouds burst within (Max):
a.
b.
c.
d.

3 days
4 days
6 days
8 days

Ans.

c.

Q.

The minimum width of a seepage drain at its head should not be less than:
a.
b.
c.
d.

2.0 ft
1.5 ft
3.0 ft
4 ft

Ans.

a.

Q.

The slope of drain is fixed with reference to:

a. Average natural surface of the alignment
b. Average slope of the nearest river
c. Slope of irrigation channel in the area

Ans.

a.

Q.

The structure like bridge or other masonry construction should have water way
equal to:
a. b + d
b. b + 2d
c. b

where b = width and d = depth

51

d. b + 1.5d
Ans.

a.

Q.

The type of foundation of any bridge or masonry structure on a drain should

preferably be :
a.
b.
c.
d.

Open foundation
Pile foundation / well foundation
Combined foundation
Raft foundation

Ans.

b.

Q.

Which type of distance marks be used along drains:

a.
b.
c.
d.

C.I. marks
Concrete / Stone Distance Marks
Brick Masonry
Any other material

Ans.

b.

Q.

The side sloughing of drain should be prevented with :

a.
b.
c.
d.

Lining of side slopes

By staking and bushing
Maintaining steeper slope with out removing grass and jungle
Flatten the side slopes below sub soil water level to 1:4 or 1:5

Ans.

d.

Q.

What type of drains are generally constructed in Punjab:

a.
b.
c.
d.

Tile drains
Open drains
Perforated pipe drains
Open drains with side pitching with dry bricks / stone

Ans.

b.

Q.

The Hydraulic structure which is constructed at the crossing of a canal and a drain
to dispose of drainage without interfering with canal supplies, is known as a :
a. Cattle crossing
b. Canal module
52

c. Canal regulator
d. Canal crossing
Ans.

d.

Q..

The structure which is constructed at the crossing of a canal and a drain, to avoid
the mixing of their respective discharges, is:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

An aqueduct
A super passage
A level crossing
Both (a) and (b)
All (a), (b) and (c)

Ans.

d.

Q.

When an irrigation canal is taken over a drainage channel , the structure is called;
a.
b.
c.
d.

An aqueduct
A super passage
A level crossing
None of them

Ans.

a.

Q.

Where an irrigation canal is freely flowing under a drainage channel, the structure
is called a:
a.
b.
c.
d.

Canal junction
Canal crossing
Canal siphon
Super passage

Ans.

d.

Q.

The crossing arrangement, preferably made at the junction of a large canal and a
river stream carrying short lived-high flood discharge at almost equal bed levels,
is a :
a.
b.
c.
d.

Ans.

Super passage
Aqueduct
Level crossing
Canal siphon

c.

53

Q.

The drainage water is sometimes allowed to join the canal water to augment canal
supplies, through a hydraulic structure, called a:
a.
b.
c.
d.

Canal outlet
Canal inlet
Module
Level crossing

Ans.

b.

Q.

For initial construction in irrigated tracts, drainage inlets may be provided:

a. Two inlets per mile
b. One inlet per mile
c. Five inlets per mile

Ans.

b.

Q.

Drainage inlets are provided:

a.
b.
c.
d.

To prevent raising of sides

Prevent washing in of earth by inflow of drainage water
Protection of irrigation system
Both a & b above

Ans.

d.

Q.

The excavated earth from a drawn should by deposited on the :

a. Side of drain adjacent to the smaller catchment area
b. Side of drain adjacent to the larger catchment area

Ans.

a.

Q.

While constructing a drain, the inspection road provided should be:

a. 15 feet wide and not more than 1 ft above the NSL
b. 20 feet wide and 3 feet above the NSL
c. 10 feet wide and 1.5 feet above the NSL

Ans.
Q.

a
Drainage in Indus basin is mainly effected by
a Surface drains
b Tile drains
c Surface drains and tube wells
54

Ans.
Q.

Ans.
Q.

Ans.
Q.

Ans.
Q.

Ans.
Q.

Ans.
Q.

Ans.

d Tile drains and tube wells

c.
The alignment of a drain should
a be close to the swamps and ponds
b be parallel to river
c follow the line of depression
d be parallel to the irrigation channel
c.
Storm water drains should be capable to drain out all accumulated water due to
normal clouds burst within (Max)
a 3 days
b 4 days
c 6 days
d 8 days
c.
The storm water drains are designed for a given catchment area, within the
capacity of
a 2 cusecs per sq. mile
b 1 cusecs per sq. mile
c 3 cusecs per sq. mile
d 4 cusecs per sq. mile
d.
The minimum width of a seepage drain at its head should be
a 2.0 ft
b 1.5 ft
c 3.0 ft
d 4 ft
a.
The slope of drain is fixed with reference to
a Average natural surface
b Average slope of the nearest river
c Slope of the irrigation channel in the area
d none of above
a.
Which type of distance marks be used along drains
a C.I. Marks
b Concrete / Stone Distance Marks
c Brick Masonry
d Any of a, b or c
b.
55

XII. PREPARATION & REMODELLING OF IRRIGATION &

DRAINAGE SCHEME
Q.

Ans.
Q.

Ans.
Q.

Ans.
Q.

Ans.
Q.

Ans.
Q.

One cumec is equal to

a
1.54 cusec
b
3.54 cusec
c
35.4 cusec
d
250.0 cusec
c.
Full supply factor is
a
Discharge at full supply level
b
Duty of canal at design stage
c
Kharif Rabi ratio
d
Intensity of irrigation
b.
One cusec day is approximately
a
1.98 Acre ft.
b
0.98 Acre ft.
c
4.23 Acre ft.
d
20.00 Acre ft.
a.
Water allowance is
a
Allowance to irrigation staff for good performance
b
Total cusecs required at an outlet to irrigate 1000 acres of CCA
c
Water supplied for leaching operation
d
Allowance of water for Rabi crop
b.
The ratio of water used by crops to that supplied at canal headworks is
a
Irrigation intensity
b
Irrigation efficiency
c
Full supply factor
d
Crop consumptive use
b.

Ans.

The main canal should generally run

a
across the natural slope
b
along the main ridge
c
along the main depression
d
close to the river
b.

Q.

Bed slope of water course in plain areas is generally

56

Ans.
Q.

Ans.
Q.

Ans.
Q.

Ans.
Q.

Ans.
Q.

Ans.
Q.

a
b
c
d
c.

1 in 20000
1 in 10000
1 in 5000
1 in 1000

One cusec equals

a
1 ft/sec
b
1000 l/s
c
1 ft3/sec
d
1 ft2/sec
c.
One cumec equals
a
1000 m3/sec
b
35.4 m3/sec
c
1m3/sec
d
3.28 m3/sec
c.
Mile gauges in main canals and branches are provided at
a
5280 ft
b
1000 ft
c
5000 ft
d
None of above
c.
The Duty is largest
a
At the head of the water course
b
On the field
c
At the head of the main canal
d
Same at all places
b.
The delta of Rice in "inches" is nearly
a
25
b
49
c
94
d
18
b.
The relation between Duty 'D' in hectares/ cumec, depth of water '' in meters and
base period 'B' in days is given by
a
= 1.98 B /D
b
= 8.64 B /D
c
= 5.68 B /D
57

Ans.
Q.

Ans.
Q.

Ans.
Q.

Ans.
Q.

Ans.
Q.

Ans.
Q.

Ans.

d
b.

= 8.64 D /B

For supplying water to Rabi crop, Kharif crop and sugarcane, the channel is
designed for a capacity equal to the greater of the water requirement of
a
Rabi or Kharif
b
Rabi and Kharif or sugarcane
c
Rabi and sugarcane or Kharif and sugarcane
d
Rabi or Kharif or sugarcane
c.
The amount of irrigation water required to meet the evapotranspiration needs of
the crop during its full growth is called
a
Effective rainfall
b
Annual rainfall
c
Consumptive Irrigation requirement
d
Net Irrigation requirement
c.
With the increase in the quantity of water supplied, the yield of the most crops
a
Increase Continuously
b
Decrease Continuously
c
Increase upto a certain limit and then become constant
d
Increase up to a certain limit and then decreases
d.
A water shed canal
a
Irrigates only on one side
b
Is most suitable in hilly area
c
Avoids the cross drainage works
d
Is generally aligned parallel to the contours of the area
c.
A canal which is aligned at right angle to the contour is called
a
Contour canal
b
Branch canal
c
Watershed canal
d
Side slope canal
d.
Which of the following methods of applying waters may be used on the rolling
land
a
border flooding
b
check flooding
c
furrow flooding
d
free flooding
d.
58

Q.

Ans.

The minimum slope in the water course is

a
Between 0.2ft to 0.25ft per 1000 ft
b
Between 0.4ft to 0.5ft per 1000 ft
c
Between 0.1ft to 0.15ft per 1000 ft
d
0.3 per 1000 ft
c.

59

XIII.

HYDROLOGY

Q.

A unit hydrograph has one unit of

a
Rainfall duration
b
Rainfall excess
c
Time base of direct runoff
d
Discharge
b.

Ans.
Q.

Ans.
Q.

Ans.
Q.

Ans.
Q.

Ans.
Q.

Ans.

Instantaneous unit hydrograph is a hydrograph of

i) unit duration
ii) Unit rainfall excess
iii) Infinitely small duration
iv) Infinitely small rainfall excess
a
(i) And (ii)
b
(ii) And (iv)
c
(ii) And (iii)
d
(iii) And (iv)
c.
Hydrograph is the graphical representation of the
a
Runoff and time
b
Humidity and time
c
Underground water flow and time
d
Rainfall and time
a.
Unit of runoff in MKS system is
a
m3 /Sec
b
m /Sec
c
m3
d
m2
a.
The runoff increases with
a
Increase in intensity of rain
b
Increase in infiltration capacity
c
Increase in permeability of soil
d
All of above
a.
An aggrading river is a
a
Silting river
b
Scouring river
c
Both silting and scouring river
d
Neither silting nor scouring river
a.
60

Q.

Ans.
Q.

Ans.
Q.

The meander pattern of a river is developed by

a
Average discharge
b
Dominant discharge
c
Maximum discharge
d
Critical discharge
b.
The main cause of meandering is
a
Presence of excessive fish in the river
b
Degradation
c The extra turbulence generated by the excess of the river sediment during
flood
d
None of the above
c.
Select the correct statement
a
A meander increases the river length but a cutoff reduces the river

length
b

A cutoff increases the river length but a meander reduces the river

c
d
a.

Both meander and cutoff increases the river length

Both meander and cutoff reduces the river length

length
Ans.
Q.

Ans.
Q.

Ans.
Q.

Ans.

A bend in a river imposed by external restraint is called

a
Meander belt
b
A warp
c
Meander width
d
Meander length
b.
Meander ratio of a river is
a
meander length to meander width
b
total number of meander loops divided by river length
c
meander width to meander length
d
none of the above
c.
Amplitude of swing of a fully developed meander from midstream to midstream
is called
a
meander width
b
meander belt
c
tortuousity
d
none of above
a.

61

Q.

Ans.
Q.

Ans.

"W" being meander width, for a meandering alluvial river in flood plains, the
meander length is about
a
6W
b
18 W
c
17 W
d
W
a
The factor which is not primarily responsible for meander in an alluvial river, is:
a
Variation of discharge
b
Excess silt load
c
Deficient silt load
d
none of a, b or c
c.

Q.

Length and width of a meander are proportional to

a
discharge
b
(discharge)1/2
c
(discharge)2/3
d
(discharge)2
b.

Ans.

Q.

Soil reaches field capacity when:a)

b)
c)
d)

Plastic limit is reached.

Irrigation water is applied.
Weather is too hot.
Retains maximum water against gravity.

Ans.

d.

Q.

When flood flow on a barrage exceeds the gauge level then the discharge is
calculated:a)
b)
c)
d)

By current meter.
A computer.
By mannings formula
By integration

Ans.

c.

Q..

Wind velocity increases the rate of evapotranspiration by:a)

Chill effect.
62

b)
c)
d)

Removing humid air.

Causing waves in the water surface.
Leaf movement.

Ans.

b.

Q..

For the design of a drainage system, the cycle of return period adopted is:a)
b)
c)
d)

5
25
1
50

years.
years.
years.
years.

Ans.

a.

Q.

The runoff in an urban basin due to rainfall increases at the outfall on account of:a)
b)
c)
d)

Vegetation.
Low temperature.
Paved surfaces in the basin.
Organized culverts.

Ans

c.

Q.

The time lag in a river basin between two control points describes:a)
The time taken by a discharge peak to reach from one control point to
another
control point.
b)
Time required for total flood discharge to pass a control point.
c)
Time taken by flood to pass through under sluices.
d)
None

Ans.

a.

Q.

In a wide river the wetter perimeter can be assumed equal to:______

a)
b + 21+22 d.
b)
b + d.
c)
Bed width.
d)
Bxd

Ans.

c.

63

Q.

The heading up of water in a river upstream at a control point is called:a)

b)
c)
d)

Scouring.
Afflux.
Potential difference
Momentum

Ans.

b.

Q.

A unit hydrograph is defined as the hydrograph of surface runoff resulting from

effective rainfall falling:a)
b)
c)
d)

On one square kilometer.

In a unit of time.
Per foot width of weir
Uniformly over the total catchments area.

Ans.

b.

Q.

For the selection of a storage site on a river basin following survey established the
storage capacity:a)
b)
c)
d)

Ans.

Topographical survey
Geological survey
Hydrological assessment of the river catchments area.
Land use

a.

64

XIV. ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES RELATED TO IRRIGATION,

DRAINAGE & FLOOD CONTROL PROJECTS
Q.

Ans.
Q.

Ans.
Q.

Ans.
Q.

Ans.
Q.

Ans.
Q.

Ans.

Infilteration rate is always

a
More than the infiltration capacity
b
Less than the infiltration capacity
c
Equal to or less than the infiltration capacity
d
Equal to or more than the infiltration capacity
c.
Infiltration Capacity
a
is a constant factor
b
changes with time
c
changes with location
d
changes with both time and location
d.
Infilteration is the
a
Movement of water through the soil
b
Absorption of water by soil surface
c
Both 'a' and 'b'
d
None of above
b.
A Rain Gauge should preferabily be fixed
a
Near the building
b
Under the tree
c
In an open space
d
In the closed space
c.
If the electrical conductivity of the water is in between 250 and 750 micro
mhos/cm at 250C then it is classified as
a
Na+ / (Ca++ + Mg++)
b
Na+ / 2 (Ca++ + Mg++)
c
Na+ / ((Ca++ + Mg++)/2)
d
2 Na+ / (Ca++ + Mg++)
c.
The value of Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR) for high sodium water lies between
a
00 to 10
b
10 to 18
c
18 to 26
d
26 to 34
c.
65

Q.

Ans.
Q.

Ans.
Q.

An artesian aquifer is the one where

a
Water surface is under the ground and is at atmospheric pressure
b
Water surface is under pressure between two impervious strata
c
Water table serves as upper surface of zone of saturation
d
None of above
b.
A unit hydrograph has one unit of
a
Rain fall duration
b
Rain fall excess
c
Time base of direct runoff
d
Discharge
b.
Which of the following methods is used to estimate flood discharge based on the
high water marks left over in past
a
Slope-area method
b
Area-velocity method
c
Ultra-sonic method

Ans.

a.

Q.

The stream which does not have any base flow contributing is called
a
Perennial stream
b
Nandi stream
c
Ephemeral stream
d
None of above
c.

Ans.
Q.

Ans.
Q.

To determine the discharge at a section in the stream from its rating curve, the
required data are:
i)Slope of the water surface at the section
ii) Stage at the section
iii) Current meter reading at the section
The correct answer is;
a
(i) And (ii)
b
(ii) And (iii)
c
Only (ii)
d
Only (iii)
c.
Percentage of raingauge station which should be equipped with self recording
gauge for knowing the intensity of rainfall should be about
a
5%
b
10%
c
15%
66

Ans.
Q.

Ans.
Q.

Ans.
Q.

Ans.
Q.

Ans.
Q.

Ans.
Q.

Ans.

d
b.

20%

Rain fall intensity is defined as

a
Mean annual rain fall
b
Monthly rain fall
c
Total rain fall during an interval "t"
d
Rain fall for unit time
d
The object of well measurement is
a
to note gradual rise and drop of ground water level
b
to fix the bed level of drains.
c
to design surface drainage system
d
to install the vertical drainage system
a.
The well measurement is carried out
a
thrice in a year
b
twice in a year
c
4 times in a year
d
once in a year
b.
Which of the following is a non-recording raingauge?
a
tipping bucket type raingauge
b
Simpson's raingauge
c
Steven's weighing type raingauge
d
floating type raingauge
b.
A raingauge should preferably be fixed
a
near the building
b
under the tree
c
in an open space
d
in a closed space
c.
Which of the following types of raingauges are used for measuring rain in remote
hilly inaccessible areas?
a
tipping bucket type raingauge
b
weighing type raingauge
c
floating type raingauge
d
Simpson's raingauge
a.

67

Q.

Ans.
Q.

A 70% index of wetness means

a
rain excess of 30%
b
rain deficiency of 30%
c
rain deficiency of 70%
d
none of above
b.

Ans.

The best unit duration of storm for a unit hydrograph is

a
1 hour
b
one-fourth of basin leg
c
one-half of basin leg
d
equal to basin leg
b.

Q.

Light soils are those which contains

Ans.

a
b
c
b

Q.

Medium soils are those which contain

Ans.

a
b
c
a

Q.

Heavy soils are those which contain

Ans.

a
b
c
c

Q.

A soil is considered neutral if

Ans.

a
b
c
a

Q.

A soil is acidic if pH value is

a
b

1 to 3 % of clay
2 to 7 % of clay
10-12% of clay

7 -15 % clay
20-30 % clay
50% clay

20-25 % clay
5% clay
more than 15% of clay

pH value is 7
pH value is 10
pH value is 4.3

less than 7
more than 7
68

Ans.

c
a

Q.

In Punjab, usually the pH value of soil is

Ans.

a
b
c
a

Q.

above 7
below 7
7

Under the same conditions, which shape will give highest rate of evaporation.
a
Flat water Surface
b
Convex water Surface
c
Independent of shape
d
All of above
b.

Ans.
Q.

The total of all those physical, chemical, biological and social economic factors
that impinge on an individual, a community or a population is called.
a. Environment
b. Ecosystem
c. Ecology

Ans.

a.

Q.

The Pakistan environmental protection act was enacted in :

a. 1995
b. 1996
c. 1997

Ans.

c.

Q.

The acceptable limit of BOD is :

a. 0.5 mg/l
b. 9 mg/l
c. 16 mg/l

Ans.

b.

Q.

The biomass of agriculture land has been adversely affected by excessive use of:
a. Pesticides,
69

b. Fertilizers
c. Over-irrigation
Ans.

a.

Q.

Indoor air pollution in the villages is caused by burning of :

a. Wood
b. Animal Excreta
c. Coal

Ans.

b.

Q.

Land erosion, water logging & salinity and flooding are the main causes of :
a. Low productivity,
b. Low fertility
c. Low alkalinity

Ans.

a.

Q.

The land, acquisition Act, 1894 often results in :

a. Poverty
b. Forced resettlement
c. Loss of property

Ans.

b.

Q.

A country is water scarce if per capita availability of water is not more than
a. 500
b. 1000
c. 2000 cubic meter

Ans.

b.

Q.

The existing water resources are under threat due to :

a.
b.
c.
d.

Ans.

Untreated effluents disposal,

Siltation
Deforestation
All of above

d.

70

Q.

Legal and institutional systems that promote unsustainable exploitation is one of

the causes of :
a. Loss of land
b. Loss of biodiversity
c. Loss of population

Ans.

b.

Q.

Recharge tends to occur through the river bed during :

a. High flow
b. Low flow
c. Winter

Ans.

a.

Q.

Changes to the river morphology may result because of changes to the sediment
carrying capacity of the waters due to :
a. Flood control projects
b. Irrigation schemes
c. Drainage projects

Ans.

a.

Q.

Saline intrusion along the coast is a problem associated with :

a. A falling ground water level
b. Low flow
c. High watertable

Ans.

a.

Q.

Good irrigation management, canal lining and provision of drainage will help to
reduce the :
a. Diseases
b. Watertable
c. Water pollution

Ans.

b.

Q.

The suffocation of fish and other aquatic life is due to :

a. High nutrient level,
71

b. High salinity
c. High silt rate
Ans.

a.

Q.

Anaerobic conditions also occur when water is :

a. Drained
b. Polluted
c. Purified

Ans.

b.

Q.

The accumulation of salts in soils can lead to irreversible damage to soil :

a. Structure
b. Texture
c. Formation

Ans.

a.

Q.

Areas of marsh, fen, peatland or water, whether natural or artificial, permanent or

temporary, with water that is static or flowing, fresh, brackish or salt, including
areas of marine water the depth of which at low tide does not exceed six metres
are called :
a. Wetlands
b. Estuaries
c. Bird sanctuaries

Ans.

a.

Q.

Malaria, typhoid and hepatitis are :

a. Water borne
b. Air borne
c. Dust born diseases

Ans.

a.

Q.

For irrigation maintenance, canal desilting is :

a. Cheaper
b. Costly
c. Economical

72

Ans.

b.

The first step in the EMP is :

a. Establishment of baselines
b. Impact areas
c. Institutions

Ans.

a.

Groundwater Regulation is :
a. Amelioration component
b. Monitoring component
c. Institutional component of EMP

Ans.

a.

Q.

The area of wetlands in Pakistan is:

a. 7.8
b. 15
c. 90 million hectares

Ans.

a.

Q.

Deterioration of over-pumped shallow fresh groundwater due to up-coning of

underlying saline groundwater is because of :
a. Excessive groundwater development
b. Less O&M
c. Institutional deficiencies

Ans.

a.

Q.

Computer hardware and software is necessary for establishment of :

a. EDMIS,
b. WMP
c. ESC

Ans.

a.

Q.

The real problem, as so often in environmental management, is the application

and enforcement of :

73

a. Legislation
b. Standards
c. Principles
Ans.

a.

Q.

Flora and Fauna are:

a. Two sisters
b. Components of biological issues
c. Name of plants

Ans.

b.

Q.

The number of tubewells in Punjab in 2000 is

a. 500,000
b. 19,000
c. 140,000

Ans.

a.

Q.

The effluents from industries are being discharged into the irrigation system :
a. After treatment
b. Without treatment

Ans.

b.

Q.

In environmental issues, the community should be involved in the project at :

a. Planning
b. Execution,
c. Operation or at all stages

Ans.

c.

74

XV. HYDRAULIC & SEDIMENT DISCHARGE

MESUREMENT
Q.

Ans.
Q.

Ans.
Q.

Ans.
Q.

"d" being the depth of a canal, the mean velocity is measured at

a
0.2 d
b
0.8 d
c
0.6 d
d
0.7 d
c.
The state of flow of a stream when discharge across any defined section of the
stream remains constant in respect of time is called
a
Laminar Flow
b
Regime Flow
c
Steady Flow
d
Critical Flow
c.
which of the following can be used as a meter fall
a
vertical drop fall
b
flumed glacis fall
c
unflumed glacis fall
d
all of above
b.
Total silt in cuft, which passes a channel section per day is given by the formula

Ans.

a
b
c
c

Q.

For purposes of silt sampling, coarse silt comprises particle size

Ans.

a
b
c
c

Q.

Ans.

silt intensity x discharge x 2

discharge x (silt intensity) 1/2
silt intensity in cft per cusec day x discharge in cusecs

above 1 mm dia
above .5 mm dia
above .2mm dia

For purposes of silt sampling, medium silt comprises particle size.

a
between 0.2 mm to .07 mm
b
between 0.5 to 0.1 mm
c
between 0.10 to 0.01 8 mm
a
75

Q.

For purposes of silt sampling, fine silt comprises particle size.

Ans.

a
b
c
a

Q.

Silt intensity in cft % cuft is

Ans.

a
b
c
c

Q.

Silt intensity in cft per cusce - day is

Ans.

a
b
c
a

Q.

below .07 mm
below 1mm
below .01 mm

grams per litre x 3.28

grams per litre x 2.93
grams per litre x 5/8

grams per litre x 54

grams per litre x 23
grams per litre x 38

Silt sampling data of important sites such as canal regulators is supplied on daily /
weekly / monthly basis to
a
b
c
c

Ans.

executive engineer
superintending engineer
officer incharge of regulation

Q.

Record of flood events obtained at gauging stations serve as a basis for the design
of:
a) Flood Control
b) Flood Warning Center
c) Bridges
d) Culverts
e) All of above

Ans.

e.

Q.

Recording gauges provide:

a. Intermittent record of gauges
b. Continuous Record of gauges

Ans.

b.
76

Q.

On a stream with moveable bed a gauge is installed:

a. In, as uniform reach as possible
b. In a search having backwater effect
c. Near the obstruction in the channel

Ans.

a.

Q.

Vertical axis current meter is used to determine:

a. Depth of water
b. Velocity of water
c. Turbidity of water

Ans.

b.

Q.

In a flowing canal the velocity of water is maximum:

a. At the water surface
b. Below the water surface
c. At mid depth of flow

Ans.

b.

Q.

The most commonly used method for determining mean velocity at the
observation verticals in a measuring section is :
a. Six tenths depth method
b. Two point method
c. Sub-surface method

Ans.

b.

Q.

Method of computing discharge which is more accurate :

a. Mid section method
b. Mean section method
a.

Ans.
Q.

The ideal discharge measurement, is one in which no partial section has discharge
more than:
15% of total discharge
a. 5% of total discharge
b. 10% of total discharge

Ans.

b.

Q.

Suspended sediment samplers are :

a. Point integrating
77

b. Depth integrating
c. Both a & b above
Ans.

c.

Q.

D-49 sediment sampler is used for:

a. Bed load sediment sampling
b. Suspended sediment sampling
c. Bed material sampling

Ans.

b.

Q.

Unit of suspended sediment concentration is:

a. Cusecs
b. Parts per million (PPM)
c. Millimeter

Ans.

b.

78

XVI. GATES AND GEARINGS

1.

How many are the general classifications of types of gates?

a)
b)
c)
Ans.

2.

In case of intake bulkhead gates the hoist machines/gantry cranes are operated
under ?
a)
b)
c)
Ans.

3.

6.

Upstream side of gate.

Downstream side of gate.
Both sides of gate.
(b)

In case of draft tube bulk head gates the nominal size of bulkhead gate is ?
a)
b)
c)
Ans.

5.

Full hydraulic frictional load on one side of gate.

Balanced pressure only
Load of gate plus frictional load due to full hydraulic load on one side of
gate.
(b)

In case of intake bulkhead gates the skin plate is usually located on ?

a)
b)
c)
Ans.

4.

Three
Two hundred
Unlimited.
(a)

Width multiplied by height of draft tube portal.

Size of draft tube.
Half the size of draft tube.
(a)

In case of timber stop logs/karries the timber with following thickness in general
should not be exceeded ?
a)
14
b)
6
c)
30
Ans.
(a)
In case of steel stop logs what type of seal should be used against an embedded
metal guide ?
a)
b)
c)

Wood
Rubber
Bronze
79

Ans.
7.

In outlet works of dams the high pressure emergency gates may normally be
operated under heads upto ?
a)
b)
c)
Ans.

8.

Water
Oil
Diesel
(b)

Down stream.
Up stream.
Both sides.
(b)

In spill way gates the bottom edge of skin plate has a rubber sealing strip
projecting the following size below the skin plate ?
a)
b)
c)
Ans.

12.

High pressure emergency and regulating gates in out let works of a dam.
Canal head regulator gates at a barrage.
Barrage gates.
(a)

To eliminate draw down and trash accumulation for spillway gates the skin plate
is located at ?
a)
b)
c)
Ans.

11.

(b)

In case of hydraulic cylinder hoists (for lifting of pressure gates) the following is
used as medium of operation ?
a)
b)
c)
Ans.

10.

500 ft.
250 ft.
100 ft.

Air inlet connections must be provided at down stream side of following type
gates ?
a)
b)
c)
Ans.

9.

(a)

1/8
1/4
1/2
(b)

Coaster gates are lowered (closed) by ?

a)
b)

Their own weight.

Counter weight attached to other side of gate.
80

c)
Ans.
13.

The roller of coaster type gate are usually made of the A151 type 410 stainless
iron heat treated to a minimum of ?
a)
b)
c)
Ans.

14.

(b)

Gate end girder.

Bottom of gate.
Top of gate.
(a)

On small low-head fixed wheel gates the wheel used are ?

a)
b)
c)
Ans.

17.

1/64
1/32
1/8

On stony roller type gates the rocking device is provided at ?

a)
b)
c)
Ans.

16.

250 Bhn.
300 Bhn.
350 Bhn.
(a)

Generally the stresses are determined on the assumption that following size
corrosion allowance is removed from the gross section of all wetted surface?
a)
b)
c)
Ans.

15.

Purely the hoist machines.

(a)

Double flanged.
Single flanged.
Without flanges.
(a)

For the wrought steel wheel fitted on fixed wheel type gates a minimum tread
hardness required is ?
a)
b)
c)
Ans.

200 Bhn.
255 Bhn
300 Bhn.
(b)

81

XVII.
Q.

Ans.
Q.

Ans.
Q.

Ans.
Q.

Ans.
Q.

Ans.
Q.

DESIGN & O&M OF BARRAGE / HEADWORKS

The most common method for exclusion of silt at canal headworks, in case of
Pakistan is,
a
silt vanes
b
marginal bunds and piles
c
divide wall and silt excluders
d
silt ejectors
c
Appearance of springs or sand boil downstream of a barrage is
a
a common occurrence of no significance
b
caused due to hydraulic jump during high floods
c
caused by siltation of canals during high floods
d
a serious issue indicating piping action
d.
Critical conditions for the design of downstream floor of the barrage against sub
surface flow is
a
During low/no flow water condition
b
During high flood conditions
c
During normal summer operation
d
During annual closure period
a.
Critical condition for design of downstream floor of the barrage against uplift
pressure is
a
During high flood conditions
b
During normal summer operation
c
During low flow winter condition when canals are running and barrage
gates are closed
d
During annual closure period
c.
To form still water pocket in front of the canal head in weir a structure is built
which is called.
a
Divide wall
b
Undersluice
c
Fish ladder
d
Head regulator
a.
Sounding / probing plans during the first three days of closure should be prepared
on the
a
A4 size paper
82

Ans.
Q.

Ans.
Q.

Ans.
Q.

Ans.
Q.

Ans.
Q.

Ans.
Q.

Ans.

b
c
d
b.

Foolscap size graph sheet or larger

Scholars sheet
Letter size tracing paper

The primary function of inverted filters is to

a
Check excessive scour
b
Stabilize hydraulic jump
c
Check escapage of fine soil particles
d
Replace sheet pile lines
c.
Fish ladder is used for
a
Fishing
b
U/S and D/S migration of fish
c
Reducing velocity of water
d
Fish Hatching
b.
The main function of the divide wall is to
a
Control the silt entry in the canal
b
Prevent river floods from entering the canal
c
Separate the undersluice from weir proper
d
Provide smooth flow at sufficiently low velocity
c.
Considering the usual profile of a hydraulic jump on a hydraulic structure, the
point where the maximum uplift pressure is likely to be experienced would be
a
at the beginning of hydraulic jump
b
at the end of the hydraulic jump
c
on the w/s floor, beyond the hydraulic jump
a.
A divide wall is provided
a
At right angle to the axis of weir
b
Parallel to the axis of the weir up stream to it
c
Parallel to the axis of the weir down stream to it
d
At an inclination to the axis of the weir
a.
Inverted sand filter is provided at
a
U/S side of Dam
b
U/S side of Weir
c
D/S side of Weir
d
U/S of barrage
c.
83

Q.

Ans.
Q.

Ans.
Q.

Ans.
Q.

Ans.
Q.

Ans.
Q.

Ans.

The sloping floor D/S of the raised crest of a weir is called

a
Cistern
b
Apron
c
Glacis
d
None of a, b & c
c.
The embankment constructed to stream-line the flow of a stream passing through
Weir / Barrage is termed as
a
Marginal Bund
b
Defence line
c
Guide bunds
d
Groynes
c.
As a result of deepining of D/S sheet pile, exit gradient value
a
increases
b
decreases
c
remains unaffected
d
infinite
b.
As a result of deepining of D/S sheet pile, the uplift pressure on barrage floor
a
increases
b
decreases
c
remain unaffected
d
none of above
a.
The piping with respect to a hydraulic structure means
a
The piping arrangement for the oil to lubricate the hoisting machines
b
Installation of pipes for water supply
c
Migration of soil particles under the weir from U/S to D/S
d
The pipes burried underneath the hydraulic structure
c.
According to khosla's theory of independent variable for seepage below a
hydraulic structure, the exit gradient, in the absence of downstream sheet pile is:
a
0
b
1
c
Infinite
d
None of above
c.

84

Q.

Ans.
Q.

Ans.
Q.

Ans.
Q.

Ans.
Q.

Ans.
Q.

Ans.

The value of Khosla's safe exit gradient for usually existing alluvial sandy soils is:
a
0
b
1
c
Infinite
d
1/5 to 1/7
d.
The back water effect of water is called
a
Retrogression
b
Afflux
c
Accretion
d
None of them
b.
A breast wall is usually provided
a
In the weir section
b
In the under sluice section
c
In the main canal section
d
In the head regulator section
d.
As compared to crest of the normal portion of the weir, the crest of the under
sluice portion of weir is kept at
a
lower level
b
higher level
c
same level
d
any of above depending upon design
a.
while designing a barrage with regard to over flow cosideration the following
is/are to be estimated
a
Design flood
b
Length of the Barrage
c
Retrogression
d
All of above
d.
Retrogration is a phenomanon which
a
is temporary
b
occurs after the construction of a weir in a river
c
may occur for the first few years after weir construction
d
all of above
d.

85

Q.

Affux is
a
b

Ans.
Q.

Ans.
Q.

c
b

difference of u/s & d/s water levels of a barrage during normal operation
increase in the maximum flood level as a result of construction of a
barrage
head of water represented by the velocity of approach at a barage

In the Punjab rivers where the sand is quite fine, what would be expected afflux to
obtain a discharge of 250 to 300 cfs per foot run of the barrage width
a 8 to 9 ft
b 1 to 2 ft
c 3 to 4 ft
c
In the case of a river barrage / bridge, the ratio between the actual width and the
lacey width is known as

Ans.

a loose ness factor

b working ratio
c laceys ratio
a

Q.

The adoption of higher valus of loose ness factor in the design of a barrage is

Ans.

a considered desirable for safe passage of higher discharge

b is not considered desirable due to tendency of formation of sand belas
upstream
b

Q.

In the operation of a barrage, to prevent promotion of vortices, a differential

discharge between two adjacent bays considered safe, subject to visual
observation) is

Ans.

a 5%
b 25%
c 1%
d 10%
d

Q.

In the case of a barrage, the pressure pipe is a device to

a permit carry pressure grouting under the barrage in various areas of concern
b permit determinaton of uplift pressure at various critical points under the
86

barrage during its operational life.

c permit under-pressure lubrication of various critical mechanical parts of a
barrage
Ans.

Q.

Immediately after the construction of a barrage, the water passing d/s of the
barrage:

Ans.

a will be carrying much less silt and sediment than before construction
b there will be no change in the sediment content
c will be carrying higher loads of silt and sediment than before construction
a

Q.

Immediately after the construction of a barrage:

Ans.

a there will be accretion is the river channel d/s of the barrage

b thare will be retrogrossion in the river channel d/s of the barrage
c there will be no change in the river channel d/s of the barrage
b

Q.

Ans.

Barrage is a major Hydraulic structure having main functions of:a. Power generation
b. Diverting the river supply into canals for irrigation purpose
c. Silt transportation.
b.

Q. Under sluice of a barrage is provided to

a. Feed the off-taking channel in low supply and also to control the silt
entry into the canal
b. Have a better regulation during high floods.
c. Avoid turbulence in front of canals Head regulator.
Ans.

a.

Q.

For a constant value of head loss i.e.(difference of Energy level, upstream and
downstream of fall) Level of Downstream floor:a. Decreases by increasing discharge intensity.
b. Increases by increasing discharge intensity.
c. Is independent of variation in discharge intensity.

Ans.

87

Q.

For a constant discharge in a canal, the stage height will be more for:a. Retrogressed state
b. Normal state
c. Accreted state

Ans.

c.

Q.

Discharging capacity of a canal fall, having constant width depends upon:-

Ans.

a. Maximum water level on the upstream side of the Fall only

b. Water level on the downstream side of the Fall.
c. Difference of water level above crest on upstream and downstream side.
c.

Q.

Calculate discharging capacity of canal Fall having clear width of 50 feet:a. During slack demand, when gates are opened by 2 feet only and modularity is
95%.
b. During peak demand when gates are fully opened by 10 feet having
modularity of 85%.

Ans.

b.

Q.

Floor thickness of a canal fall depends upon:

a. Crest level of Fall
b. When gates are fully opened and difference of upstream and downstream
water level is minimum.
c. When gates are completely closed and downstream is Nil.

Ans.
Q.

c.
Uplift pressure will be maximum on:a. Canal Head Regulator
b. Under sluice portion
c. Weir portion

Ans.
Q.

Exit Gradient of canal Fall Structure: a. Increases by increasing depth of downstream sheet pile.
b. Decreases by increasing depth of downstream sheet pile.
88

c. Does not affect by charging the depth of downstream sheet pile.

Ans.

b.

Q.

Uplift pressure under the canal Fall Structure is maximum:a. When gates are fully opened.
b. When the gates are totally closed and there is no water level on the upstream
c. When gates are partially opened.

Ans.
Q.

Resistance against failure of hydraulic structure by piping action increases when:a. More vertical element of foundation profile is provided than horizontal
flooring
b. Submerged weight of soil is lesser than the uplift at exit.
c. When there is maximum water level on upstream side and downstream is dry.

Ans.
Q.

a.
Silt entry into canal is controlled by:a. Providing head regulator on the inner side of river curvature.
b. By opening the gates of under sluice and closing the weir portion./
c. Providing silt excluder/silt injector in the bed of river and canal respectively.

Ans.
Q.

c.
Silt movement in the canal will take place when:a. Incipient (Threshold) motion condition takes place.
b. Sheer boundary stress is lesser than critical stress.
c. Sheer boundary stress is more than critical stress

Ans.
Q.

Uplift pressure under the canal Fall upto any point depends upon:a. Ratio of creep length upto that point to the total creep length.
b. Discharge intensity over the structure
c. Upstream high flood level and downstream floor level.

Ans.

a.

89

Q.

Crest level of canal Fall is fixed with reference to:a. Maximum water level on the upstream sluice.
b. Maximum water level on the downstream sluice
c. None of the above.

Ans.

a.

90

XVIII.
Q.

INDUS BASIN TREATY, WATER ACCORD

The oldest canal in Punjab Irrigation System is?

a)
b)
c)
d)

Lower Chenab Canal

Lower Bari Doab Canal
Sidhnai Canal
Upper Bari Doab Canal

Ans.

(d)

Q.

Sutlej Valley Canal Project consisted of?

Ans.

a)
b)
c)
d)
(b)

Q.

Taunsa Canal System from Taunsa Head works was completed in?
a)
b)
c)
d)

Ans

1958
1946
1962
1976

(a)

Q.

The Number of Head works/Barrages in Punjab Irrigation System are?

a)
b)
c)
d)

Ans.

5 Canal System
11 Canal System
15 Canal System
None of above

16
21
14
None of above

(c)

Q.

The ratio of Perennial Irrigation to non Perennial Irrigation in terms of

CCA?
a)
b)
c)
d)

1:2
1 : 2
:1
1 : 0.6
91

Ans.
Q.

(d)
The off taking capacity of Link Canals is?
a)
b)
c)
d)

60000 Cfs
80000 Cfs
110000 Cfs
130000 Cfs

Ans.

(c)

Q.

The gross storage capacity of Small Dams in Punjab is about?

a)
b)
c)
d)

0.10 MAF
0.50 MAF
1.0 MAF
2.0 MAF

Ans.

(a)

Q.

Under Indus Water Treaty India had the right for all the water with un-restrict use
of?
a)
b)
c)
d)

Ans.

Chenab and Indus

Jhelum and Kabul
Sutlej, Ravi and Beas
All of above

(c)

Q.
a)
b)
c)
d)

The International drains specified in Indus Waters Treaty 1960 are?

Manka drain and Raiwind drain
Fazilka drain, Saleem Shah drain
Left bank outfall drain
Non of above

Answer

(b)

Q.

In Tarbela Dam the replacement storage in accordance with the Indus

Water Treaty 1960 is?

Ans.

a)
b)
c)
d)
(a)

2.4 MAF
9.4 MAF
4.5 MAF
7.3 MAF

92

Q. No.11
a)
b)
c)
d)

The designed live storage capacity of Mangla Dam is?

7.0 MAF
5.3 MAF
4.0 MAF
Non of above

Ans.

(b)

Q.

The existing minimum operating pool level of Tarbela Dam is?

a)
b)
c)
d)

1300
1369
1320
Non of above

Ans.

(b)

Q.

The Barrage with largest pond storage capacity in Pakistan is?

a)
b)
c)
d)

Ans.

(c)

Q.

The designed live storage capacity of the reservoirs in Indus Basin

System?
a)
b)
c)
d)

Ans.

Kotri Barrage
Sukkur Barrage
Chashma Barrage
Taunsa Barrage

15.40 Maf
22.0 MAF
12.20 MAF
7.0 MAF

(a)

Q.

The Punjab share for the balance river supply including surpluses and
future storage as per Water Accord 1991 is?
a)
b)
c)
d)

45%
37%
14%
Non of above
93

Ans.
Q.

(b)
Historic uses for Canal system in Indus Basin system as per Water Accord
1991 are with reference to the period covering?
a)
b)
c)
d)

Ans.

1991 1996
1977 1982
1985 1990
Non of above

( b)

Q.

At present the Indus Basin water sharing between Punjab and Sindh is as
per?
a)
b)
c)
d)

Para 2 uses of Water Accord 1991

Adhoc sharing arrangement
Para 14b of Water Accord 1991
Non of above

Ans.

(c)

Q.

Punjab Historic Uses for Kharif period are?

a)
b)
c)
d)

34.65 MAF
37.07 MAAAF
42.0 MAF
Non of above

Ans.

(a)

Q.

Punjab Historic Uses for Rabi period are?

a)
b)
c)
d)

Ans.

18.87 MAF
14.30 MAF
19.75 MAF
Non of above

(c)

Q.

The post Tarbela annual average canal head uses in Indus Basin System
are?
a)
b)
c)
d)

114.0 MAF
107.0 MAF
103.0 MAF
82.0 MAF
94

Ans.
Q.

(c)
The average flows in Indus Basin System for Western rivers are about?
a)
b)
c)
d)

Ans.

140.0 MAF
170.0 MAF
120.0 MAF
103.0 MAF

(a)

Q.

The Indus River System Authority to implement the Water Accord was
established in?
a)
b)
c)
d)

March 1991
April 1977
December 1992
Non of above

Ans.

(c)

Q.

The first Chairman of IRSA was from the Province of?

a)
b)
c)
d)

NWFP
Balochistan
Punjab
Sindh

Ans.

(b)

Q.

The Indus River Rim Station is at?

a)
b)
c)
d)

Ans.

Kalabagh
Attock
Tarbela
Non of above

(c)

Q.

The average releases D/S Kotri for post Tarbela period are about?
a)
b)
c)
d)

40 Maf
34 MAF
55 MAF
22 MAF

95

Ans.

(b)

Q.

The optimum requirement for canals during Rabi season are based on?
a)
b)
c)
d)

Full supply capacity of perennial and non perennial channels

Full supply capacity of non perennial channels
Full supply capacity of perennial channels
Full supply capacity of perennial channels and the waterings for non
perennial channels

Ans.

( )

Q.

Water Management functions include?

a)
b)
c)
d)

Ans.

(b)

Present crop water requirements for maximum yield are met by?
a)
b)
c)
d)

Ans.

Canal supplies only

Canal supplies and Ground Water
Canal supplies, Ground Water and rainfall
Non of above

(c)

As per Water Accord 1991 Para 2 uses in the Indus Basin System are?
a)
b)
c)
d)

Ans.
Q

Equitable distribution of water only

Distribution of water keeping in view seasonal crop requirements and
planning canal operations by adjusting canal flows through regulation.
Distribution of water as per available supply based on canal capacities?
Non of above

122 MAF
114 MAF
103 MAF
140 MAF

(b)
Water Accord 1991 considers releases D/S Kotri check seawater intrusion
upto?
a)
b)
c)
d)

10 MAF
2 MAF
5 MAF
Non of above
96

Ans

(d)

Q No.31
a)
b)
c)
d)
Ans.

a)
b)
c)
d)

a)
b)
c)
d)

Flood supplies only

Para 2 allocations of Water Accord 1991
Flood Supplies and Para 2 allocations of Water Accord 1991
Non of above

The reliable source of water supplies for Panjnad Canal is?

Indus River
Jhelum River
Chenab River
Sutlej River

(a)

Q No.34
a)
b)
c)
d)
Ans.

Greater Thal water provision by IRSA is out of.

(c)

Q No.33

Ans.

Above Rim Stations

Below Rim Stations
Above and below Rim Stations
Non of above

(b)

Q No.32

Ans.

IRSA shares the waters of Indus Basin System for Kharif and Rabi
seasons?

The storage potential for resources on River Indus is about?

6 MAF
35 MAF
20 MAF
15 MAAF

(c)

Q No.35
a)
b)
c)
d)

The operational capacity of QB Link at head is?

15000 Cfs
22000 Cfs
18000 Cfs
28000 Cfs

97

Ans.
Q

(b)
The operational capacity of Maral Ravi Link Canal is?
a)
b)
c)
d)

Ans.

22000 Cfs
14000 Cfs
12000 Cfs
Non of above

(a)

Mangla Dam contribution towards Marala Command Canals at present is

restricted to about?
a)
b)
c)
d)

12000 Cfs
8000 Cfs
18000 Cfs
30000 Cfs

Ans.
Q

The average River reach losses for the post Tarbela period in Indus Basin
System on annual basis are about?
a)
b)
c)
d)

Ans.

The original designed live storage capacity of Tarbela Dam

10% of River flows
20% of River flow
Negligible

(a)

98

99