Design of Syphon Aqueduct

DESIGN OF TWO VENT BOX BARREL FOR SYPHON AQUEDUCT
Name of the work:-Elamanchili minor drain under Medpadu field

channel @ 0/750 Km
OF TWO VENT BOX BARREL FOR SYPHON AQUEDUCT
the work:-Elamanchili minor drain under Medpadu field

channel @ 0/750 Km
Note on site conditions

As per the record the hydraulic particulars of Chilla minor drain&Field channel
at proposed site are as given below:-
Hydraulic Particulars
Units
Chainage
Km
0.500
----
Discharge
Cumecs
2.950
0.600
Bed level
1.200
2.585
OFL
2.210
2.910
MFL
3.130
3.210
TBL
4.130
3.510
RTL
4.130
4.130
Bed width
1.400
0.600
Top width
7.260
0.600
0.000250
0.000250
Bed fall
----
Chilla Minor
drain
Field channel
From the above hydraulic particulars,it can be observed that the MFL of Chilla minor drain is above
the bed level of field channel.It is proposed to construct Syphon Aqeduct with depressed floor
and 1V-RCC barrel of size 2.50mx1.50m for a length of 6m to accommodate the
existing village road after the field channel.
Further fluming of field channel is not proposed, hence existing width of the channel is not altered.
The floor of the aqeduct is proposed to be lowered to a level of +0.485 with vertical drop on upstream side
and raising of floor on down stream side in 1V to 5H to ensure clearing of sediments.
Wing walls are proposed both upstream&down stream sides of drain along with revetment for
slopes and bed protection.Cisterns are also proposed both U/S and D/S as per the requirement.Cut-off
walls are proposed both U/S and D/S sides of drain.
Similarly,wing walls along with bed and slope protections are proposed for field channel also
both U/S and D/S sides.
The hydraulic design of syphon aqueduct is carried out as per the guide lines stipulated in
IS 7784:Part1--1993.The structural design of the box barrel along with load combinations is carried out as
per the guide lines stipulated in IS 7784:Part2--5--1993.
In view of the above facts,the box barrel is designed as free flowing vented structure with all
possible combinations of loads.Further,the stability of the stucture is also ensured by providing

appropriate factors of safety against overturning and sliding.
As,it is not possible propose foundation of box culvert below Max.scour depth,protective
works are proposed for the bed of the minor drain as per the guidelines.
3.425
minor drain is above
-2.1
1.325
2.065
-1.325
annel is not altered.
op on upstream side
h revetment for
quirement.Cut-off
channel also
ons is carried out as
ucture with all
Design of 1V Box Barrel

I)Design Parameters:Over all width of the barrel (WL)
Clear vent (b)
Clear depth (d)
Thickness of top slab (t1)
Thickness of side wall (t2)
Thickness of raft (t3)
Outer span (B)
Outer Depth (D)
Haunch width
Haunch depth
Thickness of wearing coat (t4)
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
6.00m
2.50m
1.50m
0.30m
0.30m
0.30m
3.10m
2.10m
0.15
0.15
0.075m
Height of railing (h2)
1.200m
Unit weight of RCC (yrc)
25KN/cum
Unit weight of PCC (ypc)
24KN/cum
Density of back fill soil behind side walls of Box (y)
18KN/Cum
Unit weight of water (yw)
10KN/Cum
Angle of shearing resistance of back fill material(Q)
30
Angle of face of wall supporting earth with horizontal(In

degrees)(in clock wise direction)(a)
90
Slope of back fill (b)
Angle of wall friction (q)
15
Height of surcharge considered (h3)
1.20m
Barrel top level (BTL)
2.585m
Drain bed level (DBL)
1.200m
Drain High flood Level (HFL)

Depressed floor level of barrel
=
=
3.130m
0.785m
Barrel foundation level (BFL)

Channel bed level(CBL)
Channel top level(CTL)
Road top level (RTL)
=
=
=
=
0.485m
2.585m
3.510m
4.130m
Upstream side breast wall top level
4.130m
Downstream side breast wall top level
4.580m
Middle breast wall top level
4.130m
Thickness of brest walls
0.300m
Barrel length in Road portion
4.500m
Barrel length in Channel portion
0.600m
Safe Bearing Capacity of the soil (SBC)
7.50t/sqm
Compressive strength of concrete for Box (fck)
20.00N/sqmm
Yield strength of steel (fy)
415.00N/sqmm
Cover to reinforcement
50.00mm
SECTION
300
450
PLAN
1545
300
ROAD PORTION
2500
2100
1500
4500
300
300
CANAL PORTION
Details of the preliminary structure assumed is as given below :-
3100
300
6000
600
II)General loading pattern:-
As per IRC:6---2000,the following loadings are to be considered on the box

barrel in road portion:1.Dead load
2.Live load
3.Impact load
4.Wind load
5.Water current
6.Tractive,braking effort of vehicles&frictional resistance of bearings
7.Buoyancy
8.Earth pressure
9.Seismic force
10.Water pressure force
11.Static water pressure due to water in canal
As per clause 202.3,the increase in permissible stresses is not permissible for the
above loading combination.
Further as per IS 7784-Part 1---1993,the structure should be designed for the following forces :12.Uplift pressure due to flowing water
13.Uplift pressure due to subsurface flow
III)Loading on the box culvert :1.Dead Load:i)Self wieght of the top slab =
139.50KN
(3.1*6*0.3*25) =
ii)Self wieght of the bottom slab/Raft =
139.50KN
(3.1*6*0.3*25) =
iii)Self wieght of side walls =
135.00KN
(2*1.5*6*0.3*25) =
iv)Self weight of haunches =
6.75KN
(4*0.5*0.15*0.15*6*25) =
v)Self weight of wearing coat =
34.88KN
(3.1*6*0.075*25) =
vi)Self weight of U/S side brest wall =
35.92KN
(1*3.1*0.3*1.545*25) =
vii)Self weight of D/S side brest wall =
46.38KN
(1*3.1*0.3*1.995*25) =
viii)Self weight of middle brest wall =
35.92KN
(1*3.1*0.3*1.545*25) =
ix)Weight of earth on barrel in Road portion =
387.95KN
(18*3.1*4.5*1.545) =
961.80KN
There is no need to consider snow load as per the climatic conditions
Taking moments of all loads about upstream end,we get
S.No
Item
Weight
Distance of
centroid
from U/S
end
Moment
about
upstream
end in KN-m
Top slab
139.50KN
3.00
418.50
Bottom slab
139.50KN
3.00
418.50
Side walls
135.00KN
3.00
405.00
Haunches
6.75KN
3.00
20.25
Wearing coat
34.88KN
3.00
104.64
U/S brest wall
35.92KN
0.15
5.39
D/S brest wall
46.38KN
5.85
271.32
Mid. brest wall
35.92KN
0.75
26.94
Earth fill
387.95KN
3.15
1222.04
961.80KN
2892.58
Distance of centroid of above dead load from U/S end =
3.007m
Eccentricity in x- direction =
0.007m
The position of resultant dead load is as shown below:-
6000
7
3100
Y
2.Live Load:As per clause 201.1 of IRC:6--2000,the bridges and culverts of medium importance
are to be designed for IRC Class A loading.
GENERAL IRC Class-A loading Pattern
6.8t
6.8t
3.00
3.00
6.8t
11.4t
3.00
6.8t
4.30
1.20
11.4t
3.20
2.7t
1.80
2.7t
1.10
Position of Live load for

Max.Soil pressure
The IRC Class A loading as per the drawing is severe for bearing stresses on soil and the same is to be
considered as per clauses 207.1.3&207.4
3100
Portion to be loaded with

live load of 5KN/sqm
1750
4500
1525
11.4t
11.4t
1200
1800
2750
u
0.45
b
375
The ground contact area of wheels for the above placement,each axle wise is
given below:Axle load
(Tonnes)
11.4
6.8
2.7
Ground Contact Area

B(mm)
250
200
150
W(mm)
500
380
200
Assuming 0.3m allowance for guide posts and the clear distance of vehicle from
the edge of guide post being 0.15m as per clause 207.1,the value of 'f' shown in the figure will
be 0.45m
Hence,the width of area to be loaded with 5KN/m2 on left side is (f) =
0.45m
Similarly,the area to be loaded on right side (k) =
1.75m
2.20m
The total live load on the top slab composes the following components:1.Wheel loads----Point loads
(114+114)=
3.Live load in remaing portion(Left side)----UDL
(0.45*3.1*5)=
4.Live load in remaing portion(Right side)----UDL
(1.75*3.1*5)=
Resultant live load:Eccentricity of live load w.r.t y-direction(Along the direction of travel of vehicles)
Taking moments of all the forces w.r.t y-axis
S.No
Wheel
Load/UDL in
KN
57
57
Distance from Y-axis
(0.3+0.45
+0.5/2)=
(0.3+0.45
+0.5/2)
1.00m
57
(0.3+0.45
+0.5/2+1.8)
2.80m
57
(0.3+0.45
+0.5/2+1.8)
2.80m
6.975
(0.3+0.45/2)=
0.525m
27.125
(0.3+0.45/2
+1.75) =
2.28m
1.00m
262.100
Distance of centroid of forces from y-axis
(498.57/262.1) =
= 1.902m
Eccentricity =
(1.902-6/2)=
1.098m
Eccentricity of live load w.r.t x-direction(At right angle to the travel of vehicles)
Taking moments of all the forces w.r.t x-axis
S.No
Load in KN
Distance from X-axis
57
(3.1-0.38)
2.72m
57
(3.1-0.38)
2.72m
57
1.52m
57
6.98KN
[3.1(0.38+1.2)]
=
[3.1(0.38+1.2)]
=
(3.1/2)=
27.13KN
(3.1/2)=
1.55m
1.52m
1.55m
262.1
Distance of centroid of forces from x-axis
(536.22/262.1) =
= 2.046m
Eccentricity =
(2.046-3.1/2)=
0.496m
Location of the resultant of live load is as shown in the figure given below:6000
3100
496
1098
Y
The eccentricty of the line of action of live load wrt centroid in y-direction =
0.496m
The eccentricty of the line of action of live load wrt centroid in x-direction =
1.098m
3.Impact of vehicles:As per Clause 211 of IRC:6--2000,impact allowance shall be made by an increment
of live load by a factor 4.5/(6+L)
Hence,the factor is
0.495
[4.5/(6+3.1)]=
Further as per clause 211.7 of IRC:6--2000,the above impact factor shall be only
50% for calculation of pressure on piers and abutments just below the level of bed block.There
is no need to increase the live load below 3m depth.
As such,the impact allowance for the top 3m of box culvert will be
(0.495/2)=
For the remaining portion,impact need not be considered.
4.Wind load:The deck system is located at height of (RTL-LBL)

[4.58-(1.20)]=
3.38m
The Wind pressure acting on deck system located at that height is considered for design.
As per clause 212.3 and from Table .4 of IRC:6---2000,the wind pressure at that
height is (52+1.38*(63-52)/2)=
59.59 Kg/m2.
Height of the deck system =
3.380
Breadth of the deck system =(3.1) =
3.10
The effective area exposed to wind force =HeightxBreadth =

Hence,the wind force acting at centroid of the deck system =
(Taking 50% perforations)
(0.5*59.59*10.478*10/1000)=
Further as per clause 212.4 of IRC:6---2000 ,300 Kg/m wind force is considered to be
acting at a hieght of 1.5m from road surface on live load vehicle.
Hence,the wind force acting at 1.5m above the road surface =
(300*6.0*10/1000)=
The location of the wind force from the top of Raft slab of box culvert =
(1.5+0.3+1.5+0.075) =
5.Water current force:Water pressure considered on square ended abutments as per clause 213.2 of
IRC:6---2000 is
P = 52KV2 =
(52*1.5*0.692)=
37.14 Kg/m2.
10.478
(where the value of 'K' is 1.5 for square endedside walls)

For the purpose of calculation of exposed area to water current force,only 1.0m
width of box is considered for full hieght upto HFL
Hence,the water current force =
[37.14*1.0*(2.585-(1.20)*10/1000] =
0.51KN
Point of action of water current force from the top of RCC raft slab = [3.13-(1.20)]/3 =
6.Tractive,braking effort of vehicles&frictional resistance of bearings:The breaking effect of vehicles shall be 20% of live load acting in longitudinal
direction at 1.2m above road surface as per the clause 214.2 of IRC:6--2000.
As no bearings are assumed in the present case,50% of the above longitudinal

force can be assumed to be transmitted to the supports of simply supported spans resting on
stiff foundation with no bearings as per clause 214.5.1.3 of IRC:6---2000
Hence,the longitudinal force due to braking,tractive or frictional resistance of

bearings transferred to abutments is
(262.1*0.1)=
26.21KN
The location of the tractive force from the top of RCC raft slab =
(1.2+0.075+0.3+1.50) =
7.Buoyancy :As per clause 216.4 of IRC:6---2000,for abutments or piers of shallow depth,the
dead weight of the box culvert shall be reduced by wieght of equal volume of water upto HFL.
The above reduction in self wieght will be considered assuming that the back fill
behind the box is scoured.
For the preliminary section assumed,the volume of box section is
i)Volume of Raft slab section =
5.580Cum
(186.0/25) =
ii)Volume of side walls upto MFL =
5.400Cum
(180/25) =
iii)Volume of haunches =
(9/25) =
0.140Cum
11.120Cum
Reduction in self wieght =
(11.12*10)=
111.20KN
8.Earth pressure :As per clause 217.1 of IRC:6---2000,the abutments are to be designed for a
surcharge equivalent to a back fill of hieght 1.20m behind the abutment.
The coefficient of active earth pressure exerted by the cohesion less back fill on
the box as per the Coulomb's theory is given by
'2
Ka =
sina
Sin(a+Q)
sin(Q+q)sin(Q-b)
sin(a-q)
sin(a+b)
Sin(a+Q) =
Sin(a-q) =
Sina =
Sin(Q+q) =
Sin(Q-b) =
Sin(a+b) =
SIN[3.14*(90+30)/180] =
SIN[3.14*(90-15)/180] =
SIN[3.14*(90)/180] =
SIN[3.14*(30+15)/180] =
SIN[3.14*(30-0)/180] =
SIN[3.14*(90+0)/180] =
0.867
0.966
1
0.707
0.5
1
From the above expression,

Ka =
0.3
The hieght of box above GL,as per the preliminary section assumed =
Hence,maximum pressure at the base of the wall
(0.3*1800*1.80)*10/1000 =
Pa =
The pressure distribution along the height of the wall is as given below:Surcharge load =
(0.3*1800*1.2)*10/1000=
6.48 KN/sqm
6.48
1.800
9.72
6.48
Area of the rectangular portion =

Area of the triangular portion =
6.48*1.80 =
0.5*9.72*1.8 =
11.66
8.75
20.41
Taking moments of the areas about the toe of the wall

S.No
1
2
Description
Area
Rectangular
Triangular
11.66
8.75
Lever arm Moment

0.9
0.6
20.41
Height from the bottom of the wall =
(15.744/20.41)
10.494
5.25
15.744
0.77m
The active Earth pressure acts on the box culvert is as shown below:-
Earth Pressure on Box culvert

3100
Pv
P
15
1500
Ph
770
Inclination of earth pressure

force with horizontal
15.00 Deg.
Total earth pressure acting on the wall P =

(6.48*1.8+0.5*9.72*1.8)*8 =
Horizontal component of the earth pressure P h =
(PCos150 )
Vertical component of the earth pressure P v =
122.47KN
(PSin150 )
Eccentricity of vertical component of earth pressure = (3.1/2-0.0) =
9.Siesmic force :As per clause 222.1 of IRC:6---2000,the bridges in siesmic zones I and II need not be
designed for siesmic forces.The location of the slab culvert is in Zone-I.Hence,there is no need to
design the bridge for siesmic forces.
10.Water pressure force:The water pressure distribution on the sidewall is as given below:-
HFL 3.130m
1.93
LBL 1.200m
19.30kn/sqm
Total horizontal water pressure force = 0.5*19.3*1.93*8 =

The above pressure acts at height of H/3 =1.93/3 =
Static water pressure force (Vertical) = (1.93+0.16)*10 =
111.75KN
0.64m
20.90kn/sqm
11.Static water pressure due to water in canal

Height of water in channel above bed level =
The static water pressure on top slab of box barrel =
Total load due to static water pressure =
Eccentricity of the above load in x-direction =
0.725m
7.25kn/sqm
13.49KN
2.40m
12.Uplift pressure due to flowing water:Level of bottom of the top slab of box barrel =
+2.29m
MFL of the drain =
+3.130m
Afflux =
0.160m
Datum head =Height of water above the bottom of

top slab of box barrel =
1.005m
Kinetic head = v2/2g =
0.040m
Total head causing uplift on the top slab of box barrel =
1.045m
Hence uplift pressure on the top slab =
10.45kn/sqm
Total uplift force =
156.75KN
13.Uplift pressure due to subsurface flow

Afflux =
0.160m
The difference between subsoil hydraulic gradient line h' =

and the bottom of floor just at entry section
when the water is held up.
2.090
Hence,the theoritical max.uplift pressure = yw x h' =
20.90kn/sqm
Uplift force due to sub surface water =
194.37KN
IV)Check for stability of Box Barrel:a)Load Envelope-I:-(The drain is dry,back fill intact with live load on span)
The following co-ordinates are assumed:a)x-Direction-----At right angle to the movement of vehicles
b)y-Direction-----In the direction of movement of vehicles
Vertical load acting on the Box barrel (P) composes of the following components
S.No
Type of load
Self wieght of Box culvert
Live load with impact factor---(Wheel loads+UDL)

[262.1*(1+0.495)] =
Vertical component of Active Earth pressure
Intensity in
KN
961.80KN
Eccentricty about xaxis(m)

0.000
391.84KN
-0.496
31.68KN
1.550
1385.32KN
Horizontal load acting/transferred on the box (H) composes of the following components
S.No
Type of load
Intensity in
KN
Direction x or y
Wind load
18.00KN
x-Direction
Tractive,Braking&Frictional resistance of bearings
26.21KN
y-Direction
Horizontal Active Earth pressure force
118.30KN
y-Direction
162.51KN
Check for stability against over turning(Assuming that the earth fill on toe side is scoured):Taking moments of all the overturning forces about toe of the box wrt x-axis,
Moment due to tractive,braking&frictional resistance of bearings =
(26.21*3.38)=
Moment due to active earth pressure force =
(118.3*0.77)=
Total overturning moment =
Taking moments of all the restoring forces about toe of the box wrt x-axis,,
Moment due to self weight of box =
[961.8*(3.1/2+0.0)]=
Moment due to live load reaction on box =
[391.84*(3.1/2-0.496)]=
Moment due to vertical component of active earth pressure =
[31.68*(3.1/2+1.55)]=
Total Restoring moment =
Factor of safety =
(2002/171.98)=
11.6407156
> 2.0
Hence safe
(As per clause 706.3.4 of IRC:78-2000)
Check for stability against sliding:Total vertical load acting on the base of the box culvert V b =
Total sliding force,ie,horizontal load on the box H b =
Coefficient of friction between concrete surfaces =
Factor of safety against sliding Fs =
(0.8*1385.32/162.51)=
6.81957361 > 1.5

Hence safe
b)Load Envelope-II:-(The Canal is running upto HFL with no live load on span)
Vertical load acting on the box (P) composes of the following components
S.No
Type of load
Intensity in
KN
Self wieght of box
961.80KN
Reduction in self weight due to buoyancy
-111.20KN
Net self wieght
850.60KN
0.000
Uplift force due to flowing water
-156.75KN
0.000
Uplift force due to subsurface water
-194.37KN
0.000
Static water force due to water in drain
388.74KN
0.000
Static water force due to water in channel
13.49KN
0.000
Vertical component of Active Earth pressure
31.68
1.550
Horizontal load acting/transferred on the box (H) composes of the following components
S.No
Type of load
Intensity in
KN
Direction x or y
Wind load
18.00KN
x-Direction
0.00KN
y-Direction
Active Earth pressure force
118.30KN
y-Direction
Force due to water pressure
111.75KN
y-Direction
Check for stability against over turning:Taking moments of all the overturning forces about toe of the box wrt x-axis,
Moment due to tractive,braking&frictional resistance of bearings =
Moment due to active earth pressure force =
(118.3*0.77)=
Total overturning moment =
Taking moments of all the restoring forces about toe of the box wrt x-axis,
Moment due to self weight of box =
[850.6*(3.1/2+0.0)]=
Force due to static water pressure need not be considered,as it acts on both side walls in opposite directions
Moment due to vertical component of active earth pressure =

[31.68*(3.1/2+1.55)]=
Total Restoring moment =
Factor of safety =
15.5238491
> 2.0
Hence safe
Check for stability against sliding:Total vertical load acting on the base of the boxV b =
(850.6+31.68) =
Total sliding force,ie,horizontal load on the box H b =
Coefficient of friction between concrete surfaces =
Factor of safety against sliding Fs =
(0.8*882.28/118.3)=
5.96634219 > 1.5

Hence safe
V)Check for bearing pressure:a)Load Envelope-I:-(The Canal is dry, back fill intact with live load on span)
i)At the bottom of RCC raft slab
Vertical load acting on the Box (P) composes of the following components
S.No
Type of load
Self weight of box
Intensity in
KN
961.80KN

0.000
Self weight of levelling concrete

=(3.7*6*0.30*24)
159.84KN

[262.1*(1+0.495)] =
Vertical component of earth pressure
0.00
391.84KN
-0.496
31.68KN
1.550
Horizontal load acting/transferred on the abutment (H) composes of the following components
S.No
Type of load
Intensity in
KN
Direction x or y
Wind load
18.00KN
x-Direction
26.21KN
y-Direction
Horizontal load due to earth pressure
118.30KN
Safe bearing capacity SBC of the soil =
y-Direction
7.50t/sqm
Check for stresses:About x-axis:Breadth of footing b =
6.00m
Depth of footing d =
3.10m
Area of the footing = A =

Section modulus of bottom footing
about x-axis --Zx =
18.6 m2
(1/6)bd2 =
9.61 m3
For RCC Strip footing permissible bearing pressure is 1.5xSBC =
113KN/sqm
No tension is allowed on soil as per clause 706.3.3.1 of IRC 78:2000

S.No
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
Type of load
Vertical loads:-(Stress = P/A(1+6e/b)

Self wieght of Box
[262.1*(1+0.495)] =
Vertical component of Earth pressure
Horizontal loads:- (Stress = M/Z)
Wind load
Intensity in
KN (P)
Eccentricity/Lever
arm
961.80KN
159.84KN
391.84KN
0.00
0.00
-0.496
31.68KN
1.55
18.00KN
26.21KN
118.30KN
0.00
3.08
1.07
S.No
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
Type of load
Intensity in
KN (P)

Self wieght of Box
[262.1*(1+0.495)] =
Wind load
Stress at heel =
Eccentricity
961.80KN
159.84KN
391.84KN
0.00
0.00
0.496
31.68KN
-1.55
18.00KN
26.21KN
118.30KN
0.00
3.08
1.07
P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z =
53.67 KN/Sqm>0
Hence safe.
Stress at toe =
P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z =
112.47 KN/Sqm>113KN/sqm
Hence safe.
About y-axis:Breadth of footing b =

about y-axis --Zy =
3.10m
6.00m
18.6 m2
(1/6)bd2 =
18.60 m3
113KN/sqm

S.No
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
Type of load

Self wieght of Box
[262.1*(1+0.495)] =
Wind load
Intensity in
KN (P)
Eccentricity/Lever
arm
961.80KN
159.84KN
391.84KN
0.007
0.00
-1.098
31.68KN
0.00
18.00KN
26.21KN
118.30KN
3.38
0.00
0.00
S.No
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
Type of load
Intensity in
KN (P)

Self wieght of Box
[262.1*(1+0.495)] =
Wind load
Stress at up stream side

edge of abutment =
Eccentricity
961.80KN
159.84KN
391.84KN
-0.007
0.00
1.098
31.68KN
0.00
18.00KN
26.21KN
118.30KN
3.38
0.00
0.00
P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z =
35.73 KN/Sqm>0
Hence safe.
Stress at down stream side
edge of abutment =
P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z =
108.77 KN/Sqm<113KN/sqm
Hence safe.
Net bearing pressure for design =

(72.97-(8+8.08))=
52.87 KN/Sqm
b)Load Envelope-III:-(The Canal is running upto HFL with live load on span)
i)At the bottom of RCC raft slab
Vertical load acting on the Box (P) composes of the following components
S.No
Type of load
Intensity in
KN
Self weight of box
850.60KN
0.000

=(5.5*12*0.30*24)
159.84KN
0.00

[301.5*(1+0.413)] =
391.84KN
-0.496
-156.75KN
0.000
-194.37KN
0.000
388.74KN
0.000
13.49KN
0.000
Vertical component of earth pressure
31.68KN
1.550
Horizontal load acting/transferred on the abutment (H) composes of the following components
S.No
Type of load
Intensity in
KN
Direction x or y
Wind load
18.00KN
x-Direction
26.21KN
y-Direction
118.30KN
y-Direction
111.75KN
y-Direction
Safe bearing capacity SBC of the soil =
7.50t/sqm
Check for stresses:About x-axis:Breadth of footing b =

about x-axis --Zx =
6.00m
3.10m
18.6 m2
(1/6)bd2 =
9.61 m3
113KN/sqm

S.No
Type of load

Self wieght of Box
Intensity in
KN (P)
Eccentricity/Lever
arm
850.60KN
0.00

=(5.5*12*0.30*24)
159.84KN
0.00

[301.5*(1+0.413)] =
391.84KN
-0.496
-156.75KN
0.000
-194.37KN
0.000
388.74KN
0.000
13.49KN
0.000
31.68KN
1.55

Wind load
18.00KN
0.00
26.21KN
3.08
118.30KN
1.07
111.75KN
0.00
S.No
Type of load
Intensity in
KN (P)

Self wieght of Box
Eccentricity
850.60KN
0.00

=(5.5*12*0.30*24)
159.84KN
0.00

[301.5*(1+0.413)] =
391.84KN
0.496
-156.75KN
0.000
-194.37KN
0.000
388.74KN
0.000
13.49KN
0.000
31.68KN
-1.55

Wind load
18.00KN
0.00
26.21KN
3.08
118.30KN
1.07
111.75KN
0.00
Stress at heel =
P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z =
50.44 KN/Sqm>0
Hence safe.
Stress at toe =
P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z =
109.24 KN/Sqm>113KN/sqm
Hence safe.
About y-axis:Breadth of footing b =

about y-axis --Zy =
3.10m
6.00m
18.6 m2
(1/6)bd2 =
18.60 m3
113KN/sqm

S.No
Type of load

Self wieght of Box
Intensity in
KN (P)
Eccentricity/Lever
arm
850.60KN
0.01

=(5.5*12*0.30*24)
159.84KN
0.00

[301.5*(1+0.413)] =
391.84KN
-1.098
-156.75KN
0.00
-194.37KN
0.00
388.74KN
0.00
13.49KN
2.40
31.68KN
0.00

Wind load
18.00KN
3.38
26.21KN
0.00
118.30KN
0.00
111.75KN
0.64
S.No
Type of load
Intensity in
KN (P)
Eccentricity

1
Self wieght of Box
850.60KN
-0.01

=(5.5*12*0.30*24)
159.84KN
0.00

[301.5*(1+0.413)] =
391.84KN
1.098
-156.75KN
0.000
-194.37KN
0.000
388.74KN
0.000
13.49KN
-2.400
31.68KN
0.00

1
Wind load
18.00KN
3.38
26.21KN
0.00
118.30KN
0.00
111.75KN
-0.64
Stress at up stream side

edge of abutment =
P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z =
46.17 KN/Sqm>0
Hence safe.
Stress at down stream side
edge of abutment =
P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z =
98.4 KN/Sqm<113KN/sqm
Hence safe.
Net bearing pressure for design =

(112.47-(8.59))=
103.88 KN/Sqm
Design Bearing Pressure =
103.88 KN/Sqm
VI)Analysis of Box culvert:a)Calculation of equivalent Uniformly Distributed Load(UDL) for IRC live load for Road portion:The position of IRC class A live load for maximum bending moment in top slab in road portion is as given
below:-
Position of Live load for

Max.Bending moment in
each span
2800
Portion to be loaded
with live load
of 5KN/sqm
1750
each span
2800
Portion to be loaded
with live load
of 5KN/sqm
1750
4500
1200
800
11.4t
11.4t
800
1800
2750
500
0.45
Each axle load is 114 KN and hence wheel load =
57.00KN
Assuming 1:1 dispersion parallel to Y-axis,the effective width of concentrated load in

that direction = [0.25+2(0.075+0.30)]=
There is no over lapping of areas of load dispersion in this direction.
As per the clause 24.3.2.1 of IS 456:2000,
The effective width be = kx[1-x/l]+bw
where be = The effective width of slab on which the load acts
L = Effective span
x = Distance of centre of gravity of load from nearer support
bw = Breadth of concentration area of load
k = A constant depending on the ratio (B/L),where B is the width of the slab
(From Table 14 of IS 456:2000)
In the present case,
L =
x =
bw =
B/L =
k =
2.80m
0.80m
0.50m
1.89
2.6
Hence be =
1.99m
Dispersion of Loads
500
500
1300
745
500
500
745
Dispersion of Loads
500
500
1300
745
500
500
745
450
From the above figure net effective width of dispersion of loads =
3.495m
For each axle of load,the area of dispersion =

(1.0*3.495)=
3.495sqm
Total load of each axle with impact =

[11.4(1+0.495)]
170.43KN
Average intensity of load =

Add the UDL due to overlapping at certain area =
48.76 KN/sqm
5.00 KN/sqm
53.76 KN/sqm
1.545
0.45
owing forces :-
300
300
CANAL PORTION
3100
600
3100
6.8t
6.8t
3.00
00
oil and the same is to be
50
50
4500
-2750
-375
-1200
5300
-4250
228.00KN
6.98KN
27.13KN
262.10KN
Moment
57.00KNm
57.00KNm
159.60KNm
159.60KNm
3.66KNm
61.71KNm
498.57KNm
Moment
155.04KNm
155.04KNm
86.64KNm
86.64KNm
10.81KNm
42.04KNm
536.22KN
3100
0.2475
3.12KN
18.00KN
3.38m
0.64m
3.08m
1.800m
9.72KN/sqm
lvert
1500
770
118.30KN
31.68KN
1.55m
Eccentricty about yaxis(m)

0.007
1.098
0.00
Location(Ht.from the
section considered).
(m)
3.38
3.08
0.77
ide is scoured):-
80.73Kn-m
91.26Kn-m
171.98Kn-m
1490.79Kn-m
413.00Kn-m
98.21Kn-m
2002.00Kn-m
of IRC:78-2000)
of IRC:78-2000)
1385.32KN
162.51KN
0.80
0.007
0.000
0.000
0.000
2.400
0.00
(m)
3.38
0.00
0.77
0.64
0.00Kn-m
91.26Kn-m
91.26Kn-m
1318.43Kn-m
walls in opposite directions
98.21Kn-m
1416.64Kn-m
of IRC:78-2000)
882.28KN
118.30KN
0.80
of IRC:78-2000)

0.007
0.00
1.098
0.000
g components
(m)
3.38
3.08
1.07
Stress at heel
P/A(1+6e/b)
51.71
8.59
10.62
4.34
0
-8.40
-13.19
53.67
Stress at toe
P/A(1+6e/b)
51.71
8.59
31.52
-0.94
0
8.4
13.19
112.47
m>113KN/sqm
Stress at U/S edge

P/A(1+6e/b)
52.41
8.59
-23.7
1.7
-3.27
0.0
0.0
35.73
Stress at D/S edge

P/A(1+6e/b)
51.01
8.59
44.2
1.7
3.27
0
0
108.77
m<113KN/sqm

0.007
0.00
1.098
0.000
0.000
0.000
2.400
0.000
g components
(m)
3.38
3.08
1.07
0.64
Stress at heel
P/A(1+6e/b)
45.73
8.59
10.62
-8.43
-10.45
20.9
0.73
4.34
0
-8.40
-13.19
0
50.44
Stress at toe
P/A(1+6e/b)
m>113KN/sqm
45.73
8.59
31.52
-8.43
-10.45
20.9
0.73
-0.94
0
8.4
13.19
0
109.24
Stress at U/S edge

P/A(1+6e/b)
46.35
8.59
-23.7
-8.43
-10.45
20.9
4.09
1.7
3.27
0.0
0.0
3.9
46.17
Stress at D/S edge

P/A(1+6e/b)
45.11
8.59
44.2
-8.43
-10.45
20.9
-2.64
1.7
3.27
0
0
-3.85
98.4
m<113KN/sqm
d for Road portion:road portion is as given
1.00m
450
500
1300
500
745
1990
-500
1490
745
b)Loading on the Box culvert:Effective span of the culvert =

Effective height of the culvert =
2.80m
1.80m
Case-I---Drain is running full,with live load on span and approaches are intact
Load on Top slab :Self weight of top slab =
Self weight of wearing coat =
Weight of earth filling in Road portion =
Average intensity of load due to IRC Class-A live load =
Load on bottom slab :Upward bearing pressure on raft =

Upward bearing pressure due to weight of water =
Downward static pressure due static water pressure =
Add uplift pressure due to water in Channel =
Load on side walls from out side :At top:Earth pressure on side wall =
At bottom:Earth pressure on side wall =
7.50
1.88
27.81
53.76
90.95
KN/m
KN/m
KN/m
KN/m
KN/m
103.88
19.30
-19.30
20.90
124.78
KN/m
KN/m
KN/m
KN/m
6.48 KN/m
16.20 KN/m
Load on side walls from in side :At top:Hydro static pressure from inside wall =
At bottom:Hydro static pressure from inside wall =
0.00 KN/m
19.30 KN/m
The loading on slab culvert is shown below for the above case of loading
Loading on Box culvert

2800
90.95 KN/sqm
6.48 KN/sqm
6.48 KN/sqm
1800
19.3 KN/sqm
1800
19.3 KN/sqm
16.20 KN/sqm
19.30KN/sqm
i) Calculation of fixed end moments:Span AB:MFAB = wl2/12 =
59.42 KN-m
MFBA = -wl /12 =
-59.42 KN-m
Span BD:For Earth pressure from outside:For UDL part

MFBD = wl2/12 =
1.75 KN-m
MFDB = -wl2/12 =
-1.75 KN-m
For Triangular part

MFBD = wl2/20 =
MFDB = -wl /30 =
2
1.57 KN-m
-1.05 KN-m
For Water pressure from inside:MFBD = -wl2/20 =
-3.13 KN-m
MFDB = wl2/30 =
2.08 KN-m
Total :MFBD =
0.19 KN-m
MFDB =
-0.72 KN-m
Span CD:Net Upward pressure =
16.20 KN/sqm
144.08 KN/sqm
c)Calculation of internal forces:-
124.78 KN-m
MFCD = -wl2/12 =
-81.52 KN-m
MFDC = wl /12 =
81.52 KN-m
Span AC:For Earth pressure from outside:For UDL part

MFAC = wl2/12 =
-1.75 KN-m
MFCA = -wl /12 =
1.75 KN-m
For Triangular part

MFAC = wl2/20 =
MFCA = -wl /30 =
2
-1.57 KN-m
1.05 KN-m
For Water pressure from inside:MFAC =
3.13 KN-m
MFCA =
-2.08 KN-m
Total :MFAC =
-0.19 KN-m
MFCA =
0.72 KN-m
ii) Moment distribution:-
AC
AB
BA
BD
CA
CD
DC
DB
0.391
0.609
0.609
0.391
0.609
0.391
0.391
0.609
-0.190
59.420
-59.420
0.190
0.720
-81.520
81.520
-0.720
-23.159
-36.071
36.071
23.159
49.207
31.593
-31.593
-49.207
24.604
18.036
-18.036
-24.604
-11.579
-15.796
15.796
11.579
-16.672
-25.967
25.967
16.672
16.672
10.704
-10.704
-16.672
8.336
12.984
-12.984
-8.336
-8.336
-5.352
5.352
8.336
-8.336
-12.984
12.984
8.336
8.336
5.352
-5.352
-8.336
4.168
6.492
-6.492
-4.168
-4.168
-2.676
2.676
4.168
-4.168
-6.492
6.492
4.168
4.168
2.676
-2.676
-4.168
2.084
3.246
-3.246
-2.084
-2.084
-1.338
1.338
2.084
-2.084
-3.246
3.246
2.084
2.084
1.338
-1.338
-2.084
1.042
1.623
-1.623
-1.042
-1.042
-0.669
0.669
1.042
-1.042
-1.623
1.623
1.042
1.042
0.669
-0.669
-1.042
-15.417
15.417
-15.417
15.417
55.020
-55.020
55.020
-55.020
iii) Calculation of span moments for simply supported condition:-
Span AB:Max.moment for simply supported condition = wl2/8 =
89.13 KN-m
Span BD:Due to earth pressure from out side

For UDL:Max.moment for simply supported condition = wl2/8 =
2.62 KN-m
For Triangular load:Max.moment for simply supported condition = wl2/(9*30.5) =
2.02 KN-m
Due to water pressure from in side

Max.moment for simply supported condition =
(Assuming that the max.moments occur at mid span(On safe side)
Max.moment at mid span
-2.08 KN-m
2.56 KN-m
Span CD:Max.moment for simply supported condition = wl2/8 =
122.28 KN-m
Span AC:Due to earth pressure from out side

2.62 KN-m
2.02 KN-m

-2.08 KN-m
2.56 KN-m
iv) Calculation of Max.span moments for the box culvert:Span AB:The max.span moment = 89.13-(15.42+15.42)/2 =
73.71 KN-m
The max.span moment = 2.56-(15.42+55.02)/2 =
-32.66 KN-m
Span BD:-
There is no sagging moment
Span AC:The max.span moment = 2.56-(15.42+55.02)/2 =
-32.66 KN-m

Span CD:The max.span moment = 122.28-(55.02+55.02)/2 =
87.06 KN-m
The bending moment diagram for the box culvert is as shown below:-
15.42
15.42
15.42
15.42
B
73.71
32.66
32.66
87.06
C
55.02
55.02
D
55.02
55.02
32.66
32.66
87.06
55.02
55.02
55.02
55.02
v) Calculation of shear force for the box culvert:Span AB:Shear force at A = (90.95*2.8/2)+((15.42-15.42)/2.8) =
127.33
Shear force at B = (90.95*2.8/2)+((15.42-15.42)/2.8) =
127.33
Span BD:Shear force at B = (6.48*1.8/2)+(9.72*1.8)/6+(55.02-15.42)/1.8) =
30.75
Shear force at D =(6.48*1.8/2)+(9.72*1.8)/3+((55.02-15.42)/1.8) =
33.67
Span CD:Shear force at C = (124.78*2.8/2)+((55.02-55.02)/2.8) =
174.69
Shear force at D = (124.78*2.8/2)+((55.02-55.02)/2.8) =
174.69
Span AC:Shear force at A = (6.48*1.8/2)+(9.72*1.8)/6+(55.02-15.42)/1.8) =
30.75
Shear force at C =(6.48*1.8/2)+(9.72*1.8)/3+((55.02-15.42)/1.8) =
33.67
The Shear force diagram for the box culvert is as shown below:-
127.33
30.75
30.75
127.33
127.33
30.75
30.75
127.33
174.69
33.67
33.67
174.69
vi) Computation of axial forces for the box culvert:Top slab:Axial force in top slab = Shear force at A or B for the spans BD&AC =
30.75
Bottom slab:Axial force in bottom slab = Shear force at C or D for the spans BD&AC =
33.67
Side walls:Axial force in side walls = Shear force at A or C for the spans AB&CD =
174.69
b)Loading on the Box culvert:Effective span of the culvert =

Effective height of the culvert =
2.80m
1.80m
Case-I---Drain is running full,with live load on span and approaches are intact
Load on Top slab :Self weight of top slab =
Self weight of wearing coat =
Weight of earth filling in Road portion =
Average intensity of load due to IRC Class-A live load =
Load on bottom slab :Upward bearing pressure on raft =

Upward bearing pressure due to weight of water =
Downward static pressure due static water pressure =
Add uplift pressure due to water in Channel =
Load on side walls from out side :At top:Earth pressure on side wall =
At bottom:Earth pressure on side wall =
7.50
1.88
27.81
53.76
90.95
KN/m
KN/m
KN/m
KN/m
KN/m
103.88
0.00
0.00
20.90
124.78
KN/m
KN/m
KN/m
KN/m
6.48 KN/m
16.20 KN/m
Load on side walls from in side :At top:Hydro static pressure from inside wall =
At bottom:Hydro static pressure from inside wall =
0.00 KN/m
0.00 KN/m
The loading on slab culvert is shown below for the above case of loading
2800
90.95 KN/sqm
6.48 KN/sqm
6.48 KN/sqm
1800
16.20 KN/sqm
16.20 KN/sqm
124.78 KN/sqm
c)Calculation of internal forces:i) Calculation of fixed end moments:Span AB:MFAB = wl2/12 =
59.42 KN-m
MFBA = -wl /12 =
-59.42 KN-m
Span BD:For Earth pressure from outside:For UDL part
MFBD = wl2/12 =
1.75 KN-m
MFDB = -wl /12 =
-1.75 KN-m
For Triangular part

MFBD = wl2/20 =
MFDB = -wl2/30 =
1.57 KN-m
-1.05 KN-m
For Water pressure from inside:MFBD = -wl2/20 =
0.00 KN-m
MFDB = wl2/30 =
0.00 KN-m
Total :MFBD =
3.32 KN-m
MFDB =
-2.80 KN-m
Span CD:Net Upward pressure =
124.78 KN-m
MFCD = -wl2/12 =
-81.52 KN-m
MFDC = wl2/12 =
81.52 KN-m
Span AC:For Earth pressure from outside:For UDL part

MFAC = wl2/12 =
-1.75 KN-m
MFCA = -wl2/12 =
1.75 KN-m
For Triangular part

MFAC = wl2/20 =
MFCA = -wl2/30 =
-1.57 KN-m
1.05 KN-m
For Water pressure from inside:MFAC =
0.00 KN-m
MFCA =
0.00 KN-m
Total :MFAC =
-3.32 KN-m
MFCA =
2.80 KN-m
ii) Moment distribution:-
AC
AB
BA
BD
CA
CD
DC
DB
0.391
0.609
0.609
0.391
0.609
0.391
0.391
0.609
-3.320
59.420
-59.420
3.320
2.800
-81.520
81.520
-2.800
-21.935
-34.165
34.165
21.935
47.940
30.780
-30.780
-47.940
23.970
17.082
-17.082
-23.970
-10.968
-15.390
15.390
10.968
-16.052
-25.001
25.001
16.052
16.052
10.306
-10.306
-16.052
8.026
12.501
-12.501
-8.026
-8.026
-5.153
5.153
8.026
-8.026
-12.501
12.501
8.026
8.026
5.153
-5.153
-8.026
4.013
6.250
-6.250
-4.013
-4.013
-2.576
2.576
4.013
-4.013
-6.250
6.250
4.013
4.013
2.576
-2.576
-4.013
2.006
3.125
-3.125
-2.006
-2.006
-1.288
1.288
2.006
-2.006
-3.125
3.125
2.006
2.006
1.288
-1.288
-2.006
1.003
1.563
-1.563
-1.003
-1.003
-0.644
0.644
1.003
-1.003
-1.563
1.563
1.003
1.003
0.644
-0.644
-1.003
-17.336
17.336
-17.336
17.336
55.825
-55.825
55.825
-55.825
iii) Calculation of span moments for simply supported condition:-
Span AB:Max.moment for simply supported condition = wl2/8 =
89.13 KN-m
Span BD:Due to earth pressure from out side

2.62 KN-m
2.02 KN-m

0.00 KN-m
4.64 KN-m
Span CD:Max.moment for simply supported condition = wl2/8 =
122.28 KN-m
Span AC:Due to earth pressure from out side

2.62 KN-m
2.02 KN-m

0 KN-m
4.64 KN-m
iv) Calculation of Max.span moments for the box culvert:Span AB:The max.span moment = 89.13-(17.34+17.34)/2 =
71.79 KN-m
The max.span moment = 4.64-(17.34+55.83)/2 =
-31.94 KN-m
Span BD:-
Span AC:The max.span moment = 4.64-(17.34+55.83)/2 =
-31.94 KN-m

Span CD:The max.span moment = 122.28-(55.83+55.83)/2 =
85.7 KN-m
The bending moment diagram for the box culvert is as shown below:-
17.34
17.34
17.34
B
71.79
17.34
17.34
17.34
17.34
17.34
B
71.79
31.94
31.94
85.70
C
55.02
55.83
D
55.83
55.83
v) Calculation of shear force for the box culvert:Span AB:Shear force at A = (90.95*2.8/2)+((17.34-17.34)/2.8) =
127.33
Shear force at B = (90.95*2.8/2)+((17.34-17.34)/2.8) =
127.33
Span BD:Shear force at B = (6.48*1.8/2)+(9.72*1.8)/6+(55.83-17.34)/1.8) =
30.13
Shear force at D =(6.48*1.8/2)+(9.72*1.8)/3+(55.83-17.34)/1.8) =
33.05
Span CD:Shear force at C = (124.78*2.8/2)+((55.83-55.83)/2.8) =
174.69
Shear force at D = (124.78*2.8/2)+((55.83-55.83)/2.8) =
174.69
Span AC:Shear force at A = (6.48*1.8/2)+(9.72*1.8)/6+(55.83-17.34)/1.8) =
30.13
Shear force at C =(6.48*1.8/2)+(9.72*1.8)/3+(55.83-17.34)/1.8) =
33.05
The Shear force diagram for the box culvert is as shown below:-
127.33
30.13
30.13
127.33
174.69
33.05
33.05
174.69
vi) Computation of axial forces for the box culvert:Top slab:Axial force in top slab = Shear force at A or B for the spans BD&AC =
30.13
Bottom slab:Axial force in bottom slab = Shear force at C or D for the spans BD&AC =
Side walls:-
33.05
Axial force in side walls = Shear force at A or C for the spans AB&CD =
174.69
f)Design of Members:Compressive strength of concrete for Box (fck)

Yield strength of steel (fy)
=
=
Cover to reinforcement
Limiting stress in steel for axial tension
=
=
i) Design of top slab:Factored critical bending moment(Sagging) =

(1.5*73.71)
Factored critical bending moment(Hogging)
(1.5*15.42)
Factored axial force =
(1.5*30.75)
Factored shear force =
(1.5*127.33)
Effective depth required d =
Mu/0.138fckb =
[110.57x10 /(0.138*20*1000)]
6
110.57KN-m
23.13KN-m
46.13KN
191.00KN
200.15mm
0.5
The over all depth required(Assuming 16mm dia bars) =

[200.15+50+8] =
258.15mm
However provide overall depth of =
300.00mm
Hence,effective depth =
[300-50-8]=
242.00mm
Bottom steel:Mu/bd2 =
1.888
From table 2 of SP 16,percentage of steel required =
Area of steel required for bending tension =

[0.641*242*1000/100]=
Area of steel required for axial force =
(46.13*1000/2*150) =
Total area of steel required =
0.641
1551.2sqmm
153.8sqmm
1705.0sqmm
Hence provide 16mm dia bars at 110mm c/c at bottom,the area of reinforcement comes to
1826.9sqmm
=(1000/110)*(3.14/4)*162 =
Top steel:Mu/bd2 =
0.395

(Minimum steel as per IS 456-2000 =
0.114
0.15

[0.15*242*1000/100]=
363.0sqmm

(46.13*1000/2*150) =
153.8sqmm
516.8sqmm
Hence provide 10mm dia bars at 125mm c/c at top,the area of reinforcement comes to
628.0sqmm
=(1000/125)*(3.14/4)*102 =
Distribution steel:-
Provide distribution reinforcement of 0.15% of cross sectional area of footing

Hence,the distribution reinforcement required = (0.15*300*1000/100) =
450.00sqmm
174.00mm
Adopting 10mm dia bars,the spacing required =

1000/[450/(3.14/4)*102]=
However provide 10mm dia bars at 150mm c/c spacing,as distribution reinforcement
Check for one way shear:The critical section for beam shear is at distance of 'd' from the face of the support
Hence,the factored design shear force V Fd =
137.52KN
at a distance D from the face of the support

[191-(191/1400)*(150+242)] =
Nominal shear stress Tv =
[137.52x1000/(1000*242)] =
0.6N/sqmm <2.8 N/sqmm

(As per Table 20 of 1S 456)
Hence,the section is safe from shear point of view
Assumed percentage area of the steel reinforcement =

[100*1826.9/(1000*242)] =
0.75%
The design shear strength of concrete for the above steel percentage from
Table 19 of IS 456 is
0.56 Hence Vuc = 135.52KN
Considering the enhanced shear strength at supports as 1.5 times the shear strength,
0.84>0.6
Hence,no shear reinforcement is required
ii) Design of bottom slab:Factored critical bending moment(Sagging) =

(1.5*87.06)
(1.5*55.83)
(1.5*33.67)
(1.5*174.69)
Mu/0.138fckb =
[130.59x10 /(0.138*20*1000)]
6
130.59KN-m
83.75KN-m
50.51KN
262.04KN
217.52mm
0.5

[217.52+50+8] =
275.52mm
300.00mm
[300-50-8]=
242.00mm
Top steel:Mu/bd2 =
2.23

[0.707*242*1000/100]=
(50.51*1000/2*150) =
0.707
1710.9sqmm
168.4sqmm
1879.3sqmm
Hence provide 16mm dia bars at 100mm c/c at TOP,the area of reinforcement comes to
2009.6sqmm
=(1000/100)*(3.14/4)*162 =
Bottom steel:Mu/bd2 =
1.43

[0.457*242*1000/100]=
0.457
1105.9sqmm
168.4sqmm

(50.51*1000/2*150) =
1274.3sqmm
Hence provide 16mm dia bars at 150mm c/c at BOTTOM ,the area of reinforcement comes to
1339.7sqmm
=(1000/150)*(3.14/4)*162 =

450.00sqmm
174.00mm

1000/[450/(3.14/4)*102]=
188.67KN
at a distance D from the face of the support

262.04-(262.04/1400)*(150+242)] =
[188.67x1000/(1000*242)] =


[100*2009.6/(1000*242)] =
0.83%
[0.56+{0.08*(0.62-0.56}/0.25] =
0.579 Hence Vuc = 140.12KN
Considering the enhanced shear strength at supports as 1.5 times the shear strength,
0.87>0.80
iii) Design of side walls:Factored critical bending moment(Sagging) =

(1.5*55.83)
(1.5*174.69)
(1.5*33.67)
Mu/0.138fckb =
[83.75x10 /(0.138*20*1000)]
6
0.00KN-m
83.75KN-m
262.04KN
50.51KN
174.19mm
0.5

[174.19+50+8] =
230.19mm
300.00mm
[300-50-8]=
242.00mm
Steel on outer face :Mu/bd2 =
1.43

[0.457*242*1000/100]=
(262.04*1000/2*150) =
0.457
1105.9sqmm
873.5sqmm
1979.4sqmm
Hence provide 16mm dia bars at 100mm c/c on outer face,the area of reinforcement comes to
2009.6sqmm
=(1000/100)*(3.14/4)*162 =
Steel on inner face :Area of steel required for bending tension =
0.0sqmm

(262.04*1000/2*150) =
873.5sqmm
873.5sqmm
Hence provide 12mm dia bars at 125mm c/c on inner face,the area of reinforcement comes to
904.3sqmm
=(1000/125)*(3.14/4)*122 =

450.00sqmm
174.00mm

1000/[450/(3.14/4)*102]=
36.36KN
at a distance 'd' from the face of the support

50.51-(50.51/1400)*(150+242)] =
[36.36x1000/(1000*242)] =


[100*2009.6/(1000*242)] =
0.83%
[0.56+{0.08*(0.62-0.56}/0.25] =
0.579 Hence Vuc = 140.12KN
0.579>0.2
6.48 KN/sqm
1800
1800
16.20 KN/sqm
0.3571 0.555556
Joint
Member
Distribution Factor
Fixed end moment
Distribution
Carry over
Distribution
Carry over
Distribution
Carry over
0.912698 0.391304
-1
Distribution
Carry over
Distribution
Carry over
Distribution
Final moments
15.42
66
55.02
66
55.02
KN
KN
KN
KN
KN
KN
KN
KN
KN
KN
KN
6.48 KN/sqm
1800
16.20 KN/sqm
Joint
Member
Distribution Factor
Fixed end moment
Distribution
Carry over
Distribution
Carry over
Distribution
Carry over
Distribution
Carry over
Distribution
Carry over
Distribution
Final moments
7.34
7.34
5.83
KN
KN
KN
KN
KN
KN
KN
KN
KN
KN
KN
20N/sqmm
415N/sqmm
50.00mm
150N/sqmm
nt comes to
ent comes to
ent comes to
DESIGN OF CANTILEVER BREST WALL

Data:Height of Retaining wall(h) =
Height of wall above G.L=
Height of wall below G.L=
Density of back fill soil&material in toe portion(y) =
Grade of concrete =
Grade of steel =
Ground water Table level =
Angle of shearing resistance of back fill material&material at toe portion(Q) =
Angle of face of wall supporting earth with horizontal(a)(In degrees)
(in clock wise direction)
Slope of back fill(b) =
Angle of wall friction (q) =
Undrained Cohesion ( c) =
Safe bearing capacity(SBC) =
Surcharge over the back fill(s) =
(Assumed)
Characteristic compressive strength =
Tensile strength of steel =
Unit weight of RCC =
Unit weight of PCC =
Coefficient of active earth pressure by Coulomb's theory

Ka =
Sin(a+Q)
sina
Sin(a+Q) =
Sin(a-q) =
Sina =
Sin(Q+q) =
Sin(Q-b) =
Sin(a+b) =
sin(a-q)
SIN[3.14*(87.17+30)/180] =
SIN[3.14*(87.17-15)/180] =
SIN[3.14*(87.17)/180] =
SIN[3.14*(30+15)/180] =
SIN[3.14*(30-0)/180] =
SIN[3.14*(87.17+0)/180] =
From the above expression,

Ka =
0.32
Dimensions of the brest wall(Assumed for preliminary design):Thickness of stem at bottom =

Thickness of stem at top =
sin(Q+q)sin(Q-b)
sin(a+b)
0.89
0.952
0.999
0.707
0.5
0.999
1995
300
Earth pressure at top including surcharge = K ays =

(0.32*1800*0.6) =
Earth pressure at bottom including surcharge = K ay(s+h) =
[0.32*1800*(1.995+0.6)] =
Pressure distribution is as shown below:345.6
1.995m
1149.1
Area of the rectangular portion =
Area of the triangular portion =
345.6
345.6*1.995 =
0.5*1149.1*1.995=
Taking moments of the areas about the toe of the wall

S.No
1
2
Description
Area
Lever arm
Moment
Rectangular
Triangular
689.47
1146.25
0.9975
0.665
687.746
762.256
689.47
1146.25
1835.72
1835.72
1450
Height from the bottom of the wall =

(1450/1835.72)
0.79m
The active Earth pressure acts on the abutment as shown below:-
0.20
17.83
1.995m
0.79m
87.17
0.30m
0.04
Total earth pressure acting on the wall per 1m length P =
(345.6*1.995+0.5*1149.1*1.995)*1 =
2180.46Kg
Horizontal component of the earth pressure P h =

(PCos20.150 )
Vertical component of the earth pressure P v =
(PSin20.150 )
Eccentricity of vertical component of earth pressure = (0.3/2-0.04) =
Total earth pressure =
It acts at a hieght of
from the base
Moment due to horizontal component of earth pressure =
Design of wall or stem:Factored bending moment Mu =

(1.5*1639.67) =
Over all depth provided =
2459.51Kgm
Mu/0.138fckb =
300.00mm
Effective depth provided(Assuming 50mm cover) d =

Mu/bd2 =
0.42
94.40mm
242.00mm

(Minimum percentage of steel as per IS 456:2000) =
0.129
0.15
Area of steel required =
363.00sqmm
Hence provide 10mm dia HYSD bars@ 150mm c/c spacing

Hence Ast provided =
523.33sqmm
Check for shear:The critical section for beam shear is at distance of 'd' from the face of the support
11.11KN
at a distance 'd' from the face of the support

[11.11x1000/(1000*242)] =

[100*523.33/(1000*242)] =
0.22%
[0.28+0.07*(0.36-0.28)/0.10] =
0.336
0.336>0.02
Hence,no shear reinforcement is required.

Provide temperature re inforcement @ 0.15%
Area required =
375.00sqmm
Provide 1/3rd of above reinforcement on earthen side =
125.00sqmm
Provide 8mm dia @ 300mm c/c on earthen side

Provide 2/3rd of above reinforcement on other side =
Provide 8mm dia @ 200mm c/c on other side
250.00sqmm
T WALL
1.995m
1.995m
0.00m
1800Kg/Cum
M20
Fe415
30
87.17
0
15
0Kg/sqm
7500Kg/sqm
0.60m
20N/sqmm
415N/sqmm
2500Kg/Cum
2400Kg/Cum
0.30m
0.20m
345.6Kg/sqm
1494.7Kg/sqm
2075.84Kg
667.32Kg
0.11m
2180.5Kg/m
0.79m
1639.67Kg/m
Hydraulic design
a)Hydraulic Particulars of drain:1.Maximum Flood Level
3.130
2.Ordinary Flood level
2.210
3.Lowest Bed level
1.200
4.Average bed slope

(Calculated from the profile of drain)
0.000250
5.Rugosity Coefficient(n)
(As per table 5 of IRC:SP 13)
0.033
6.Top of bund level
4.130
b)Hydraulic Particulars of field channel:7.Maximum Flood Level
3.210
8.Ordinary Flood level
2.910
9.Lowest Bed level
2.585
10.Average bed slope

(Calculated from the profile of drain)
0.000250
11.Rugosity Coefficient(n)
(As per table 5 of IRC:SP 13)
0.033
12.Top of bund level
3.510
c)Hydraulic Particulars of the proposed box barrel:13.Bed level
0.785
14.Bottom level of the top slab
2.285
15.Top level of the top slab

(Bed level of the field channel)
2.585
16.No.of vents provided
1.0
17.Breadth of the vent
2.50m
18.Depth of the vent
1.50m
19.Width of box barrel
6.000
Discharge Calculations:-
Cross section of minor drain

b+2h
MFL
Cross section of minor drain

b+2h
MFL
LBL
1)Area Velocity method:-
Depth of flow w.r.t HFL =

(MFL-LBL)
1.930m
Bed width(b) =
1.40m
Assuming side slopes 1 :1 in clayey soils,top width at HFL (b+2h) =

Wetted Area(A) =
1.93*(1.4+5.26)/2
5.260m
6.43sqm
Wetted perimetre(P) =
1.4+2*[(1.4)2+(1.4)2]0.5
6.86m
Hydraulic Radius
R=
Wetted area/Wetted perimeter =
Velocity V =
1/nX(R2/3XS1/2) =
Discharge Q =
AXV =
Discharge as per the record =
0.94
0.46m/sec
2.96Cumecs
2.950Cumecs
Higher of the above two values is adopted for design of CD Work

Design Discharge =
Design Velocity =
2.960Cumecs
0.46m/sec
Ventway Calculations(H.F.L Condition):Assuming the minor drain to be truly alluvial,the regime width is equal to linear waterway required for the drain.
Hence,as per Lacey's silt theory,the regime width W = 4.8Q 1/2 = 4.8*2.960.5 =
8.26m
But the actual top width is much less than the above regime width.Hence,the stream is no truly alluvial in nature.
It is quasi-alluvial.As per IRC:SP--13,the ventway calculations for quasi-alluvial streams are as given below:-
The linear water way required = Actual width of the drain at HFL (W) =
5.260m
As per the clause 8.1.2.2 of IS 7784-Part1--1993,for the works with rigid floors,the waterway can be further flumed
within the permissible limits of velocity for the particular type of floor.
The limiting velocity for the floor with concrete below M30 is =
The area of cross section required =
4.00m/s
Q/A =
0.74sqm
Assuming 1V--box barrel, vent being 2.50mX1.50m,the area

of cross-section provided =
3.75sqm
Hence,the flow velocity in the box barrel will be within the limits.
Calculation of Afflux at HFL condition:The area of un obstructed cross section A =
6.43sqm
The area of cross section provided a =
3.75sqm
Depth of flow on down stream side Dd =
0.650m
Linear water way of the Box barrel (L) =
2.500m
Adopting,orifice formula for discharge Q = C0 (2g)1/2 LDd[h+(1+e)v2/2g]1/2 =

For the ratio a/A =
2.960Cumecs
0.58
where, C0 = Coefficient of discharge =
0.87
h = afflux in m
e = factor accounting for recovery of some velocity head as =
potential head
v = average velocity in approach section
h+0.102v2 =
Further, as per discharge formula ,Q =W x (Dd+h) x v,hence v x (0.65+h) =
0.2233730292
0.56
substituting h = (0.56/v)-0.65 and re-arranging the terms

we get 0.56-0.87v+0.102v3 = 0
solving for v,we get v =
Hence,afflux h =
0.69m/s
0.160m
Scour Depth Calculations:As per the clause 101.1.2 of IRC:5--1985,the design discharge should be increased by 30% to ensure adequate
margin of safety for foundations and protection works
Hence,the discharge for design of foundations =
1.30XDesign Discharge = Qdf =

(1.3*2.96)
Lacey's Silt factor for standard silt ' f ' = 1.76Xm1/2= = (Value taken from table 4 of SP13) =
Discharge per metre width of foundations = q =
(3.94/2.5)
Normal scour depth D = 1.34(q2/f)1/3 =
[1.34*(1.5762/1.0)0.33]
For quasi-alluvial streams,linear water way required is natural width of the channel at HFL . =
Linear water way provided =
As per clause 12.1 of IRC SP:13,Increased scour depth due to contraction of linear water way D' = D(W/L) 0.61 =
1.81(5.26/2.5)0.61 =
Maximum scour depth Dm = 1.5XD =

(For design of foundations,as per clause 110.1.4.2 of IRC:5--1985)
(1.5*2.85)
Depth of foundation = Dm + Max.of 1.2m or 1/3 Dm =
(4.28+1.2)
Bottom level of foundation = (3.13-5.48) =
Depth of foundation below low bed level = [1.2-(-2.35)] =

The Minimum Safe Bearing capacity of the soil is considered as 7.5 KN/m2
Box barrel of size 1v-2.00mx2.35m is proposed at a level of
Hence,cut-off walls and aprons are required to protect the foundation&floor bed
Design of cut-off walls:a)From scour depth criteria:It is sufficient to take the D/S side cut-off upto 1.27 times the normal scour depth as per
caluse 703.2.3.2 of IRC 78-1983 considering that the reach is straight.
1.27XNormal scour depth from HFL =
(1.27*2.85) =
3.62m
Depth of bottom of Cut-off wall from HFL =
3.62m
Bottom level of cut-off wall =

(3.13-3.62)=
Depth of bottom of D/S side Cut-off wall from LBL
[1.2-(-0.49)]=
-0.49
1.69m
According to Khosla's theory for two dimensional flow,the exit gradient GE = (H/d) x 1
The value of B/d =
3.550
For the above value,1
0.07
The exit gradient for clayey soil =
0.25
Static head including afflux =
2.09
Hence,the depth of cut-off required =
0.59m
However, provide 2.40 depth cut-off wall
Design of LAUNCHING APRONS:Size of stones as per clause 5.3.7.2 of IRC 89-1985

Diametre (d) = (Vmax/4.893)2 =
0.020m
(0.92/4.893) =
2
Say
0.23m
Weight of each stone considering the specific gravity of stone as 2.65

Weight of stone = 4/3x x(d/2)3 x 2.65 x 1000 =
Say
15.81Kg
20Kg
Weight of each stone shall not be less than 20 Kg.
Dimensions of apron as per clause 5.3.5.2 of IRC 89-1985

( T ) = 0.06 x (Qdf)1/3 =
0.095
0.06*(3.48)1/3 =
Thickness of apron at inner edge(near raft) = 1.5 x T =
Say
Thickness of apron at outer edge = 2.25 x T =
Say
0.143m
0.30m
0.214m
0.60m
Hence provide a thickness of 0.30m at near end and 0.6m at the outer end
MFL
MFL
LBL
ly alluvial in nature.
er flumed
o ensure adequate
0.003385
-0.006792
3.94Cumecs
1.00
1.576
1.81m
5.26m
2.50m
2.85m
4.28m
5.48m
-2.35m
3.55m
0.485m

Design of Syphon Aqueduct

Transféré par

Informations du document

Titre original

Copyright

Formats disponibles

Partager ce document

Partager ou intégrer le document

Options de partage

Avez-vous trouvé ce document utile ?

Ce contenu est-il inapproprié ?

Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

Design of Syphon Aqueduct

Transféré par

Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

DESIGN OF TWO VENT BOX BARREL FOR SYPHON AQUEDUCT

Name of the work:-Elamanchili minor drain under Medpadu field

OF TWO VENT BOX BARREL FOR SYPHON AQUEDUCT

the work:-Elamanchili minor drain under Medpadu field

Note on site conditions

possible combinations of loads.Further,the stability of the stucture is also ensured by providing

minor drain is above

annel is not altered.

ons is carried out as

ucture with all

Design of 1V Box Barrel

Height of railing (h2)

Unit weight of RCC (yrc)

Unit weight of PCC (ypc)

Density of back fill soil behind side walls of Box (y)

Unit weight of water (yw)

Angle of shearing resistance of back fill material(Q)

Angle of face of wall supporting earth with horizontal(In

Slope of back fill (b)

Angle of wall friction (q)

Height of surcharge considered (h3)

Barrel top level (BTL)

Drain bed level (DBL)

Drain High flood Level (HFL)

Barrel foundation level (BFL)

Upstream side breast wall top level

Downstream side breast wall top level

Middle breast wall top level

Thickness of brest walls

Barrel length in Road portion

Barrel length in Channel portion

Safe Bearing Capacity of the soil (SBC)

Compressive strength of concrete for Box (fck)

Yield strength of steel (fy)

Details of the preliminary structure assumed is as given below :-

II)General loading pattern:-

As per IRC:6---2000,the following loadings are to be considered on the box

U/S brest wall

D/S brest wall

Mid. brest wall

Distance of centroid of above dead load from U/S end =

The position of resultant dead load is as shown below:-

Position of Live load for

Portion to be loaded with

Ground Contact Area

Hence,the width of area to be loaded with 5KN/m2 on left side is (f) =

Similarly,the area to be loaded on right side (k) =

Distance from Y-axis

Distance from X-axis

4.Wind load:The deck system is located at height of (RTL-LBL)

Breadth of the deck system =(3.1) =

The effective area exposed to wind force =HeightxBreadth =

(where the value of 'K' is 1.5 for square endedside walls)

As no bearings are assumed in the present case,50% of the above longitudinal

Hence,the longitudinal force due to braking,tractive or frictional resistance of

From the above expression,

Area of the rectangular portion =

Taking moments of the areas about the toe of the wall

Lever arm Moment

Earth Pressure on Box culvert

Inclination of earth pressure

Total earth pressure acting on the wall P =

Total horizontal water pressure force = 0.5*19.3*1.93*8 =

Total horizontal water pressure force = 0.519.31.93*8 =