ISTANBUL METRO - STAGE 1

E.M.C.
ASSURANCE PLAN

ISTANBUL METRO Stage 1

Electromechanical Works

TABLE OF CONTENTS
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1.

Electromechanical Works

INTRODUCTION

This document aims to demonstrate that Electro-Magnetic Compatibility has been carefully
studied throughout the design phase of the Istanbul Metro, and that convenient measures
actually have been applied during construction phase, in order to guarantee the requirement
of the Contract which specifies:
All electrical and electronic equipment shall be designed to operate correctly without
degradation of quality, performance or loss of function in the electromagnetic environment
produced by the system.
General matters about EMC are reminded in the first section.
Then, the basic principles that were applied to the overall design are presented.
A detailed analysis of the possible interferences in the Metro System follows. It will be
demonstrated that convenient countermeasures have been applied either by the here above
basic principles, or through ad hoc measures.
Thus, most of the interferences will be demonstrated as solved. Particular cases are referred
to be dealt with in specific documents and/or procedures.

2.

GENERAL - REMINDERS

Let us first remind what is the ELECTRO-MAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY of an installation:

It is the ability of the components (i.e. apparatuses) :
Relevant issue

to generate electromagnetic interferences of a limited

level enabling other apparatuses located in the vicinity
to work in compliance with the function for which they
are designed,
to have a sufficient level of immunity against
electromagnetic interference in order to work correctly
within the environment for which they are designed.

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EMISSION

IMMUNITY

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The coupling modes that support electromagnetic interference are numerous and are applicable within different frequency ranges:
Coupling modes

Frequency range
LF / HF

Conductive coupling (common conduction path)

Capacitive coupling (mutual capacitance)

HF

Electrostatic coupling (ESDischarge transfer)

HF

Inductive coupling
(induced voltage by magnetic field)

Phenomenon

CONDUCTION

LF / HF
INDUCTION

Radiation (circuits = antenna for E/H)

HF

The most frequent coupling modes to consider in a metro system are conductive coupling, inductive coupling, and radiation.
The table hereunder gives a general overview of the phenomena occurring over the EMC Spectrum :

Frequency

0 Hz

Wavelength

50 Hz

2500 Hz

20 kHz

150 kHz

30 MHz

1 GHz

6000 km

120 km

15 km

2 km

10 m

0.3 m

VLF radio,
sensors, etc...

Uses

DC - Mains

Audio /Signals

Main coupling
mode

Conduction

Conduction (+ induction)

Sources

AC mains
supply

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Mains harmonics

LF/HF radio,
sensors, etc..

Induction (+ conduction)
Sparks, power electronics

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VHF/UHF
Induction
Sparks, digital electronics

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Electromechanical Works

OVERALL DESIGN

Some general basic principles were applied in order to provide an a priori step to achieve
EMC of the Istanbul Metro System. These principles are related to two topics; first earthing
and cablings, and then equipment selection.
3.1

Earthing and cablings

As regards this topic, an international IEC Standard is taken as reference:
IEC 61000 - 5 - 2 (nov 1997) :
Electromagnetic compatibity (EMC)
Part 5 : Installation and mitigation guidelines,
Section 2 : Earthing and cabling.
This Standard recommends :

3.1.1

Earthing system design

Multiple, bonded earth electrodes,

Bonding all exposed metallic parts and connecting them to the earthing
network.
Let us remark that this is an adequate requirement for both EMC and SAFETY.
These measures are actually applied as far as possible for Istanbul Metro by:
bonding together all the earth electrodes (pits) of the stations,
bonding and earthing of enclosures, pipes, cable trays, steel structures, etc...
earthing cables all along tunnels,
dedicated earthing belt for special rooms (substations, signalling & telecom
rooms e.g.).
They are illustrated in the drawing G000PS24SD005
Earthing System General Diagram.
3.1.2

Cablings

Make Differential Modes circuits compact and keep them close to earthed
elements.
Keep some distance between conduits for cables of different use:
- Minimum recommended distance : 0.15 m,
- Recommended stacking order :
- power medium voltage-/- power low voltage-/- auxiliary circuits-/control-/- measure,
Also reduce magnetic field by shielding,
Recommended position of slits in cable trays : parallel to the main axis,

Avoid transverse slits and slits at the corners of the conduits.

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These measures are actually applied for Istanbul Metro with:

General use of convenient cable trays, kept in electrical continuity at tees, level
changes, wall penetrations,
Typical distance of 20 cm between stacked trays, with 15 cm minimum
distance, and with the following stacking arrangement :
- A - High voltage -/- B - Low voltage - Lighting -/
- C - Control/Telecom/Fire detection -/
- EC - Emergency Control/PA/Emergency telephone.

Shielding of MV power cables and control cables dedicated to measurement.

Site checking sheets showing the verification of the minimum distance between
cable trays are gathered in Appendix 1. Moreover, Appendix 2 presents some
examples of basic design drawings that demonstrate convenient principles
application.

3.2

- Equipment
Istanbul Metro takes benefit from European regulation about EMC since critical
equipment supplied for the project are able to be sold within European market.
Consequently, they are developed according to the European Council Directive
89/336/CEE (03/05/1989) related to electromagnetic compatibility (and modified
by Directive 92/31/CEE dated 28/04/1992).
This implies series of tests have been yet carried out on the equipment according
to suitable EMC Standards.
Reference to these Standards will be detailed further and samples of compliance
certificates are gathered in Appendix 3

4.

EMC ACHIEVING

The measures detailed in the preceding part aims to provide an a priori guarantee for
reaching EMC. Nevertheless, it is necessary, as a second step, to carry out a specific
analysis of the electromagnetic interferences likely to occur in the Metro System and to
check in detail that all the suitable countermeasures have been taken. The key-issue of this
analysis is the disturbance matrix, putting together disturbing and disturbed sub-systems, the
lists of which are the following:

4.1

Disturbing systems

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Frequency band

Coupling mode

MV Power AC network
Harmonics
(mainly Traction Rectifiers)
Transients

Mains - 2.5 kHz

Mains & 20 kHz-10 MHz

Conduction (+induction)
Induction (+ conduction)

Traction DC network
and Rolling Stock
Chopper harmonics

0 - 1 MHz

Conduction (+induction)

Mains - 1 GHz

Conduction + Induction

Variable Speed Drives for ECS 2 kHz - 20 MHz

Conduction + Induction

UPS for
Signalling
Telecom
Auxiliaries

Fluorescent lighting (ballasts)

Mains - 2.5 kHz

200 kHz - 10 MHz

(Harmonics)
Induction (radiation)

Radio System

400 MHz

Induction (radiation)

4.2

Disturbed systems
Sensitivity to

Power network

AC harmonics

Power / Traction network

control system

Induced LF and HF transients

ECS Control system

Induced LF and HF transients

Signalling system

Conducted and induced disturbances

Communications system
Backbone network
Telephone network
Radio system

Insensitivity due to fiberoptic use

Induced LF and HF transients
Induced LF and HF transients

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Disturbance matrix

VSD

Fluorescent
lighting
(tunnels)
At source
reduction

(1)

At source
reduction

UPS

AC Power
Transients

DC Traction
Harmonics

At source
reduction

AC Power equipment

At source
reduction

Disturbed
systems

AC Power
Harmonics

Disturbing
source

Radio system

4.3

Electromechanical Works

Power / Traction
network control

Countermeasures (2)

ECS control

Countermeasures (3)

Signalling

Countermeasures (4)

Telephone system

Countermeasures (5)

Radio system

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Countermeasures (6)

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This matrix not only shows the possible interferences, but also refers, where applicable, to
the measures that are taken to avoid them. These measures classically derive from two basic
principles:
1) At source reduction,
2) Immunity increasing.
Moreover, in addition to these ones, particular attention was paid to critical equipment
installation by applying geographical segregation.
The detail of these measures is as follows:
4.4
4.4.1

Countermeasures
At source reduction means :

AC Power harmonics : use of 12 - pulse rectifiers allows reduction of half of the

harmonics ranks (5, 7, 17, 19, etc...).
AC Power transients : shielding of all MV cables, with screens earthed at both ends.
(induced)
UPS : equipped with input filters compliant with VDE 0871 A,
compliant with EN 50091 - 2 : EMC requirements for UPS.
VSD :
Alspa GD 3000 E drives comply with EN 61800 - 3 (standard product).
Alspa C 80 - 35 PLCs comply with EN 55011 = CISPR 11.
Fluorenscent lighting : electronic ballasts equipped with filters to comply with
EN 55015 = CISPR 15 : limits and methods of measurement of
radio disturbances of electrical lighting equipment and
EN 61000 - 3 - 2 = IEC 61000 - 3 - 2 : EMC - limits for harmonic
current emissions (input current 16 A / phase).

Radio System : compliant with ENV 50121 Parts 3 and 4 for emission criteria.
Please refer to the specific Radio System EMI/EMC Test Plan,
document number G000XXXXXX
4.4.2

Immunity measures :
( figures in parenthesis refer to the disturbance matrix)

AC Power equipment are designed to withstand power transients

(BIL, surge arrestors, etc...).
Power / Traction network control :
PLCs comply with ENV 50121-5 and EN 61131-2 (CE mark),
Cablings are installed according to recognised methods
(cf. Earthing & Cablings description).
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ECS control :
Alspa GD 3000 E drives comply with EN 61800 - 3 (Product Standard) (CE mark),
Alspa C80-35 PLCs comply with IEC 61000-4-2, 4-3, 4-4, 61000-6, 255-4,
Cablings are installed according to recognised methods
(cf. Earthing & Cablings description).
Signalling equipment in tunnel :
On board ATC complies with the EN 50081-2 & EN 50082-2,
Cablings are installed according to recognized methods
(cf. Earthing & Cablings description).
Some supplementary precautions are necessary in relation to this critical matter being
the interference of DC chopper harmonics on Signalling System. Therefore, site EMC
measurement are forecast to be performed for the track circuits. They are detailed in the
specific document G000XXXXXX.

Telephone System :
PABX complies with EN50082 : generic immunity standard,
All cablings are shielded with screens earthed at both ends.

Radio System : Equipment comply with ENV 50121 Parts 3 and 4 for immunity criteria.
Please refer to the specific Radio System EMI/EMC Test Plan,
document number G000XXXXXX for further details.
4.4.3

Geographical segregation
Even if perturbations due to disturbing equipment are limited while sensitivity of
disturbed equipment are decreased, care has been taken to locate them as far as
possible from each other.
This segregation is made particularly as regards :
Extra Low Voltage (ELV) equipment which includes mainly the PLC s,
the computers, the signalling and the telecom ones as disturbed equipment.
the MV-DC-LV(high power)-UPS-VSD as disturbing equipment.
It applies in the following typical locations:
- TPS-LPS :

Power equipment
(MV-LV-DC)+ UPS

ELV equipment

- Ventilation rooms :

LV power equipment
(including VSD)

ELV equipment

UPS

ELV equipment

- CCR/CER, Signalling/Telecom rooms :

As regards SOR, these precautions do not apply since they only include low power
supply feeded in L.V.
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CONCLUSION

This document points out that EMC of Istanbul Metro has been controlled during the
Project. All necessary and adequate measures have been taken, and convenient site tests are
forecast in order to finally ensure the required quality and performance of the System.

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APPENDIX 1

Site checking sheets related to cable stacking interval

( En attente )

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APPENDIX 2

Examples of basic design drawings related to EMC

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APPENDIX 3

Samples of EMC compliance certificates

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