CHAPTER#01

THE PROFESSOR JEE COLLEGIATE

COMPUTERSCIENCE

I N F O R M ATI O N T E C H N O LO G Y:
It is the fusion of computer technology and communication technology. Info tech is
the merging of computers with high speed.
C O M P U T E R T E C H N O LO G Y:
Programmable multi use machine that accepts data and figures and processing it
into usable information.
DATA:
The raw facts and figures that are processed it into information is called data.
I N F O R M ATI O N :
It is the manipulation of data for use in decision making.
DATA P R OC E S S I N G C YCL E :
INPUT:

Input is the process of inserting or feeding data into the computer by means of an
input device like keyboard.
PROCESS:

Manipulating data within the computer. It includes Processor chips, memory chips
(ram chip), Motherboard.
STORAGE:

In a computers, storage is a place where data is held in an electromagnetics or

optical form for access by a computer processor.
There are two types of storage.
Primary
Secondary
Primary Storage:
Ram is a primary storage which is used to temporarily hold software instruction and
data.
Secondary Storage:
Rom is a secondary storage which cant be written on or erased by the computer
users. I t contains fixed start-up instruction.
OUTPUT:

The process of transferring data from internal storage to an external medium, as

paper or microfilm is called output device.
It includes sound card, speakers, video card, monitor, printer and modem.

PREPARED BY : S.ALI RAZA RIZVI

CHAPTER#01

THE PROFESSOR JEE COLLEGIATE

COMPUTERSCIENCE

C O M M U N I C ATI O N :
The activity of conveying information.
C O M M U N I C ATI O N T E C H N O LO G Y:
It consists of electromagnetics devices and systems for communication over a long
distance.
It includes telephone, radio and television etc.
E L E C T R O M A GN E T I C S :
Referring to the combined electric and magnetic fields caused by electrons motion
through conductors.
USEN OF COMPUTERS:
BUSINESS AND INDUSTRY:

Almost every business uses computers to complete daily tasks. From making
contact with clients to inputting data for reports, computers allow businesses a
more efficient way to manage affairs when compared to traditional paper and
manila folders. Businesses use a variety of different types of computers such as
desktops, laptops, servers, smartphones and tablets, depending on their needs.
With computers, employees are able to work anytime, anywhere.
MEDICAL SCIENCE AND HOSPITAL:

Using computers, we are able to hold all of patients' information in a more

organized fashion. With so many patients and their information, files and records
would occupy too much space. Computers allow people in the medical field to store
information without using needed area. Medical history, current health, status,
family history, and more can be easily accessed and looked up within a few short
minutes.
A patients prescribed medications (past and present) can also be stored in a
computer system in a hospital.2This makes it much easier to transfer any
prescriptions and data that a patient needs to local or national drug stores or
hospitals. Past hospital visits and billing information can be stored and kept for
further use or future hospital experience.
EDUCATION AND LIBRARIES:

The science and technology has been changing our life ever since its inception.Its
contribution towards education sector has been truly marvelous. Computers have
taken the education systems in the entire world to a different level altogether. It is
now used in education sector in various ways and has changed the way it earlier
looked to a great degree, i.e. many public and private school and colleges have
computer, which are located in laboratories, libraries classroom, and registration
office for learning educational softwares.
GOVERNMENT:

PREPARED BY : S.ALI RAZA RIZVI

CHAPTER#01

THE PROFESSOR JEE COLLEGIATE

COMPUTERSCIENCE
Computer systems have a vital role to play in modern governments all over the
world. Income tax department use computer to manipulate the customers tax
returns. National Database and Registration Authority (NADRA) is issuing
computerized National Identity Card (NIC-card) and constructing a centralized
database. After the construction of national database all other government
department like Police, income tax, registration offices, passport offices, and all
forces and intelligence using this database and track their customers.
ENTERTAINMENT:

Computers now have almost unlimited access to any news about the world or songs
by any artist or streaming episodes of certain TV series and moviesor gaming and
arts.
With the help of computers and internet we can watch movies .We can download
free movies from many sites.Computers also open a venue for many amateur
musicians in the music industry to record their own music without a professional
studio. Computers also allow musicians to create artificial instruments to record
with, called MIDI instruments.Art is something that is readily available online at any
moment. Pictures, paintings, poetry and more are just a click away. Computer
games also are highly customizable because computers can manipulate game files.
Examples of this would be creating new levels, characters or graphic files for
specific games. In fact, computers are absolutely necessary for programming any
sort of new video game.
C A PAB I L I T I E S O F C O M P U T E R S :
ACCURACY:

A computer can process data quickly with 100% correctness if it is fed with right
data output.
SELF-CHECKING:

A computer verifies the correctness of its work to ensure that all data are accurate.
It has its own built-in system that regulates the data flowing inside the computer.
AUTOMATIC:

A computer can operate by itself if all data and instructions are fed properly into it.
T can execute instructions without human intervention.
SPEED:

A computer can process and calculate large amount of data and problems at a very
fast rate. It can outdo a man in adding two numbers by hundredths of a second.
REPETITIVENESS:

A computer can do a job or a task as many times as you want it to be done. It never
complains or gets bored like a human being.
PREPARED BY : S.ALI RAZA RIZVI

CHAPTER#01

THE PROFESSOR JEE COLLEGIATE

COMPUTERSCIENCE

STORE AND RECALL INFORMATION:

A computer can keep info for later use. It uses either a diskette or the memory that
can store millions of characters. A computer can also retrieve or get information
from the disk or the memory.

WIDE RANGE OF APPLICATION:

Computers are in the fields of business, communication, education, and

entertainment. They are an essential tool of everyday living from simple household
task to the most complicated activities.

C O M P U T E R L I M I TATI O N S :
There are the following limitations of computer.
COMPUTER CANT EXPRESS THE IDEAS:

In any type of research ideas plays a vital role. In this content, computers cant
express their ideas.
COMPUTER CANT IMPLEMENT:

Through computers are helpful in storage data and can contain the contents of
encyclopedias even, but only humans can decide and implement the policies.
THINKING:

The computer cant think itself. The concept of artificial intelligence shows that the
computer can think. But still this concept is dependent on the set of instructions
provide by the human beings.
SELFCARE:

A computer cant care itself like humans. A computer is dependent still to human
beings for this purpose.
FEELINGS:

Human can feel, think and caring but a computer machine itself cant.

PREPARED BY : S.ALI RAZA RIZVI

CHAPTER#01

THE PROFESSOR JEE COLLEGIATE

COMPUTERSCIENCE

PREPARED BY : S.ALI RAZA RIZVI