CONSCIOUSNESS,

AS

REVBALIMO

AND

GOD,

OF

EXISTENCE

THE

NATURE.

BOSTON:
A.

AND

WILLIAMS
100, WASHINGTON

COMPANY,
STREET.

1864.

"d

by

MAN,

Thil

n7,/"

eiuw.
d- -t '.".'..,4/.

?:

'^'

C'"^

f"

"

"? //,'

akd

sok,

'J

boston:
prutted

by

5,

johh

Water

wilson

Street.

HAPVARD

iUNIV

LIBRARY

.;TY|

dense

When

PRINCIPLES.

THREE

THE

earth, and

the

heavens,

the

"

the

to

at

not

were

of

virtue

the

earth

the

that

force

that

all

That
is

is

of

the

subject

though

they

which
the

which

itself,calling
1

it

the

heavens

hidden

eye

all

light,

diminished

the

calls itself

object
from

is

the

reflect

because

not

cover*

stars, and

or

as

eye

(forthe

action, and

to

forth
eye

obscuration

the

the

sun,

objects that give

become

clouds

thick

darken

smoke

and

fogs

by
and

subjective*

Ego

tends

is not

impaired

calls itself

subject
Non-^o.

ever

-Ejgro
; and

guishes
contradistin-

by

the

nor

because

withdrawal

mere

to

the

be, although the veil

because

the

one

and

in respect
relations,

sun,
tinue
con-

ing
cover-

of

iron);

reciprocal
the

to

eye,

of

become
things,

created

and exist in

wholly void,
abeyance only.

to the

order

of sensible
possibility

perception, there
media,

or

the

of

means

must

be

between
relation,

out
objectand subject. With-

light, there
without

are

tions
intercommunica-

mutual

and

In

vision

would

earth

the earth should be

but

light);

(for the

existence

stars,and

of

objectsof

the

blotted from
the

PRINCIPLES.

THREE

THE

sound,

is

seeing; and

no

there

"d

by

is

no

ing.
hear-

THE

PRINCIAeS.

THREE

The

of

organs

; for how

There

also

be

must

where

there

is

see

where

there

ist
ex-

without

eyes?

for
perceived';

to be

or

hear

man

without

see

or

ears,

can

also

must

sense

object

some

shall hear

who

be

nothing to
is

heard,

nothing to

be

seen?

And,
sentient
shines

subject

in

dead

hear

the

not

There

of

the

light

see

not

with

in the

ears

life is extinct:
with

the

in

of
for

their eyes, and

their ears, because

of
disjunction

organs

be

since

and

eyes

body wherein

the

must

vain, and sound echoes

vain, in the
a

all,there

above

soul from

of

the

sense.

may

be

thick

clouds

"d

by

and

TH^

PRINCIPLBS.

THREE

heavens,but also
souPs

firmament

also

lives

there

soul.

of the

in
simultaneously

is

there

body, and

universe

of the

face

for

of the

universe

the

on

visible

the

in

only

darkness, not

is

Man

distinct

two

worlds.
When
that

looks

man

are

located

in actual

lives in the world

perceivesthose

the

upon

of

space, he
; for he

sense

by

stars

stars

the

mentality
instru-

of his natural organs

when

he turns

of nature, and
in the actual

from

away

beholds

lives in the world

and

world

as

the world

the

stars,not
in the

heavens,but
heaven

of the

imagination,
soul

"d

by

presentative
re-

soul,he

of memory,

real to the

but

(but

ception,
con-

"

often

THREE

THE

the

to

world
K

soul

only)

be, in

remembered

of the

it,not

the

The

reproductionof
is the representation

world

the

soul

has

of
representation

the

it exists

as

his

remembers

man

in memory

the world

world

of that star is not

; for

only.

acts

star,any thingun-

much

so
perceived,

seen

actual

is the

as

of nature.
there

own

PRINCIPLES.

the

as

independentlyof

soul.

Nevertheless,in contemplatingthe
the

facts of memory,
as

pertainingto

relations which

sensible
the

soul

those

and
perception,

of

conception

directlygiven in
perception; and

facts,
possible

not

were

the

perceives,

noted
thus

in the

obtains

realities not

sensible
original

this

conception

be verified

may

PRINCIPLES.

THREE

THE

experience.*

In

spontaneous

but, in observations

soul listens

and

Time

Motion
When

is

looks.

and

Eternity.

translation

star moves,

is derived

to

That

ceives
per-

not,

was

But

the
it

is,

from present sensible ob*

knowledge that

is to say, the soul is

remember

space.

is where

star

servation ; while the

"

it

it is not.

where

knowledge that

in

the observer

that it is where
was

quent
conse-

the
foregoneconceptions,

upon

and

and

hears

soul

the
observations,
sees;

ther
fur-

exploded by

or

and

competent, not only

imagine,but

also to think

judge.

"d

by

and

star

where

was

and
past sensible observation,

is

fact of memory.

Prom

of
therefore,
the

worlds of

the

notion

such

sense

of time

If the

of memory,

is

born; for,in
is

noticed,

not

with

same

differs from

which

transcends

them, the Ego that

the star

the

the

star

now:

that

was,

was

observation
not.
a

time

some

Ego

same

that

now

But it is the

simultaneous

is

same

ago

and
served
ob-

would

that observes

for the
and

the

persisting

something

be

in

and

the

were

and
perceptions,

not

junction,
con-

noted.

are

Ego

observations

time
conjunction,
times

and

is derived

it was,

from
a

PBINCIPLE8.

THEEB

THE

observation

not; and

is,is

and

the
was

Ego, that,by

observation

"d

by

in

two

THE

distinct
the star

the

spheres,sees
in
position

was,

two

by

by

sensible observation

sonl; but

another

made

were

made

not
therefore,

by

members
re-

that it

space

soul,and the second

one

and

first sensible observation

The

held.

position

in space,

holds

now

the
once

PRINCIPLES.

THREE

the

maining
singleEgo, re-

identical to itself thronghont

which

the time

elapsedbetween

the

observations.
The

facts of memory

present to the soul

occurred

ten

years

in recollection

as

all equally

are

the
is

ago

present

as

the event

yesterday.

Time

that

curred
oc-

is not

relation of the facts of memory

soul,but

is the souPs

the relation of order

that

event

to the

perceptionof
and

"d

by

succession

which
The

those
notion

facts bear to each

and

the

of

identity

takes

; but

it derives

from

of duration

its element
the

discontinuity

of events

order

other.
its element

derives

of time

of succession

from

PBINCIPLES.

THREE

THE

cognizanqeof

which

the

soul

that

order.

For

that,and that only,endures, which,

itself

remaining unchanged,

through alteration
Some

of the acts

alreadybeen

and

changes.

of the soul have

accomplished,
some

accomplishednow,

and

accomplishedhereafter
the author
itself,

being outside
there

passes

of

is neither

will be

some

; but

of those

'are

the soul

acts,has its

time, and

where

past, present,

nor

future.

Eternityis not

time

exindefinitely

"d

by

10

PRINCIPLES.

THREE

THE

tended ; it is not the

impossiblesum
of

infinite series

of.the

; it is not

events

successive

time at all : for time

eternity reciprocallyexclude

and

Eternityis

each other.

negationof

succession

the absolute

and

time.

VvrtuaUty,
When

the organs
so

or

that

felt; when

of

sense

are

lyzed,
para-

is seen, heard,
Nothing
faculties

the

of

the

mind

become

that

bered,
nothing is perceived,remem-

altogetherdormant,so

or imagined;
conceived,

all communication
and

life

Non-ego is
of the Ego

between
cut

is

off,
"

when

the

Ego

then

the

and
intermitted,

"d

by

11

PRINCIPLES.

THREE

THE

soul

the

virtual

the

re-enters

"

state, lapsing

is the

which

darkness

that

into

the

universe;

the

universe

abyss*

of

abyss

of

for the

is nothingother than
of the

sum
indistinguishable

the

of all

when
for such

it re-enters

in the

occur

the

its substance

abyss;

abstracts

re-entrance

its virtuality,
and

from

tentialitie
po-

things.
existing

destroyedin

soul is not

The

original

nothing
change can

no

of
inheringsimplicity

soul's essence.f

the

is said
CAUSE, without its oorrelative effect,
to be in the void
state, in the empty, virtual,
*

"

or

abyssal

state.

When

realizes and

cause

tnalizes the effect it is competent

said to be
or

full; and

pleroma

or

the effect

fulness

that

without

may

exist

which
as

produce, it
is called the plenum

of the

t Essence,in the scholastic

ac-

to

is

cause.

sense

of the

word, is

particularthing,althoughit
be what
it is.
A
another, cannot
a

"d

by

12

Sometimes
his

slidingover

bank

dreaming,will

conscious

that

its

vindicate
the
clock and

but

and
realized,

that

virtuality,

mere

is to say, he

is

the dreamer
effect,

the fatal falltakes

lapsesinto

of voluntary

becoming paralyzed.
dream

actively

be

his organs

are

such

When

an

gulf,and,

while thus

motion

steadily

cliffinto

or

fathomless

and

that

will dream

man

gradually but

is

body

unknown

PBINCIPLES.

THBEE

THE

"

dies

but, if the

soul

conjunctionwith
wake

with

be constrncted

of like

sleeperwill

turnspit
may

it is essential to

clock

that

ture,
naa

terials;
ma-

it should

re^lar divisions of time: if a clock lose its

to be, quoad
of keeping time, it ceases
capability
cating
clock,although it may stillbe utilized for communiof rotation.
an
irregularmovement
is used in the text,not in the
word
The
essence
mark

the

scholastic

pure

sense

of the terra,but

from
beingas distinguished

"d

simply as denoting
existence.

by

THBEE

THE

hold

the

upon

consciously
receding in

been

sleep.

It is in

to trance, and
to

and

the

sleepof
in trance

sleep,that

itself its own

which

from

universe

he had

akin

his

will confirm

start, and

sudden

13

PBINCIFLES.

the

emergence
its own

nature

of

akin

nature

soul feels in
from

tiality,
poten-

into
retrogression
thus

originalvoid;

obtainingan
knowledge of that abyss
experimental

of utter

darkness

which

is the root of

the visible universe.

Minerals, vegetables,
animals,all
the

objectsof nature, manifest

to

or

the soul

process

by

which

of such

qualities

by their

propertiesonly;

selves
them-

for there

the soul may,

is

no

pendently
inde-

take
manifestation,

"d

by

14

THE

PRINCIPLES.

THREE

congnizanceof

material

destruction

The

of

the

existences.
ness
color,hard-

(or facultyof resistance

touch),sonnd, taste, and

of matter, is the

mass
an

existingmass, of

odor, of

exists

is

destruction,
as

that matter

itself.

the

facultyof

mere

fecultyof

action.

ance
resist-

The

retains a hold in recollection

by

bodies

that pass,

their

out
qualities,

an

soul is

upon

of the

sphere
thus

of

the

enabled,by inference from its

knowledge

of its

affirm that
of

bodies,

soul

occultation of

sensible observation ; and

roots

as
cognizable
passive,
ties
(tothe soul)in its activi-

only :

to

the

is not

Matter
but

to

are

the

virtual nature,

own

substances,

or

of
occulted
potentiality,
The
soul
imperishable.

"d

by

THE

has

THREE

conscious

virtual

knowledge of

being, but

cognizance of
material

that

the

takes

the

:
objects

therefore,and

15

PBINCIPLES.

not

direct

no

latent
it is

its own

being

by inference,
direct knowledge,

by

soul aflSrms

the

unheard,unfelt,untasted
of material
Material

of

thingshave

ground
No
any
has

the

of the

seen,
un-

stance
sub-

things.
their virtuali-

or potential
ties,
essence,

abyss

of

world
souPs

in that

which

same

is the

hidden

being.
substance
be destroyed. If
can
it
thing appear to be destroyed,
either
changed its form (as

burned
smoke

wood, which
and

ashes),or

still exists in

it has

into the virtual state.

"d

by

lapsed

16

divisible to

by its nature

is

Space

PRINCIPLES.

THREE

THE

indivisible,
infinity.Indestructible,
ultimate

Indivisibles,
abode, neither
but in the

have

atoms, have their

or

in time

time

and

conditions

they
ultimate*
Visible

their inherent

tendencies,

manifest,appear

as

of their manifestation
actualize themselves

as

finity
afthe
ist,
ex-

the

of material things.
particles
matter

visible
does not contain in-

as
virtuality

when

scended
tran-

are

space

verse,
uni-

repulsion
; and, where

or

Those

of the

not actual,
they are virtual,

which, when

in space,

nor

originalabyss

where

and

are.
nevertheless,

atoms,

of
particles

dividedi cease

matter
to

holds

vase

are

exist,

"irtualit7.

"d

by

its

ultimate,whieh,
and

revert

into

the

contents:

the

is the

the

visible

is

invisible

poured

out

matter

ble
visi-

the

content; and, when

matter

the

is
virtuality

invisible

and

vase,

17

PRINCIPLES.

THREE

THE

spilled,

or

remains, though

vase

void.
The

universe

the

abyss of

is,

one
therefore,
somethingand nothing,

and

real
multiple,

and

not

actual.

It

it is the root
because
somethingf
because
and ground of all being ; noihing,

is

it is the
f

one,

because

vanish

in the

many,

because
is

world

and

abyss

negationof

all existence

all distinctions

abyss of potentiality
;
the

of
virtuality

the

sity
virtuality
involvingdiver-

change; real,because

is substance

because
acttial,

and

mere
2*

essence

the
; not

is
potentiality

18

exclusive

PRINCIPLES.

THBEE

THE

of all manifeBtation of quality

property.

or

In the
in its

beginning,this

abyss

as
lapsed;

if broken

as

lay
col-

and

it reveals itselfto the mind

after the process

been

universe

appliedto

of abstraction

has

all cognizablethings.

qualityby which the bodies of

selves
themnature
now
contradistinguish
No

each

from
itself in the

other,manifested

abyss. All properties,

all the activities of nature,were

and

and
inoperative,

in the darkness
All

essence.

thing now
was

All

that

own

original

by which
its

manifests
then

sleeping

were

of their

dead

in the

own

each
ence
exist-

virtual state.

all activities,
were
properties,

then,not

in

act, but

"d

by

only in

the

THE

of

power

behold

THREE

acting. Whatever
fulness

as

by God's
be

nothing to

we

total

as

but

springingsource,

able

deep

is that

without

ground of

**

"

And

change,
unsearch-

an

existence:

yet it

and

root of

essence,

substance, from- which

universe

was

no
darkness,

no

no
no
light,
fire,
creature,no
no

held
be-

void.

abyss, there
seen

now

then

was

eye

this immense

In

19

PRINCIPLES,

this visible

drawn.*

was

the earth

was

without

form

(Heb. tho-

and void
potentiality
contingent
of existence),
and
of existence);
(Heb. bo-HU, in a potentiality
the face of the deep (Heb. tho-iioM,
darkness was
on
Ihe contingent
abyss),'*Bercsshith,
chap. i. ver. 2.
in Hebrew, is h; this
The sign of beingand life,

HU,

"

sign doubled givesthe

vowel

in this root

root

givesthe

rh

verb

; the

insertion of the
to be

existing.
this verb is formed the great name
From
Jehovah,
isbecause
He
He
that
t
he
or
is, Eternal, beingand life
From the same
in their plenitttde.
sign,by a change
in the vowel, is obtained ru,
virtual existence,
mere
latentbeing,
potentiality.
roh,

"

"

"d

by

20

THE

The

Birth

PRINCIPLES.

of the

Universe.

world of memory

The
is

the

THREE

objective

and

to the

tion
imaginasoul; for

guishes
consciously contradistin-

soul

itselffrom the facts of

ry and

itselfEgo,
calling
imagination,

the
characterizing

and

memo^

facts of

ry
memo-

asfacts of memory
imagination
and as Non-ego. The
and imagination
that which is reprosoul contemplates
duced

and

to itself in memory

; and

from

is therefore

the

thing known,
thing

nation
imagi-

distinguished

it in the fundamental
of

The

and

tinction
contradis-

knower

from

the

the

from

the

seer

seen.

vague

and

indistinguishable

"d

by

(which
no

is

present

man's

to

the

memory

soul when

positiveconceptionis formed, and

when
is

in

of material

mass

21

PRINCIPLES.

THREE

THE

distinct

no

image

correspondencyof

universe

the

relative and

; for

the

Man

day)

call up

from the materials

of

has, after

man

can

up)

abyss

finite manner,

power.
it every

is called

tive
crea-

(forhe does
by conception,

slumberingin

his

memory,

imaginativeproductswhich

become

and
objectsof contemplation,

which
of

reallyexist,since transcripts

them

canvas,

or

on

products do
for the
the

be

may
a

in stone, on

made

printedpage.

not

of
reality

in any
their

Such

depend,

way

on
existence,

fact of their outward

outwardly visible,
they are

visibility:
the

"d

by

reve-

22

PRINCIPLES,

THREE

THE

lation of

another

soul to

one

they are
inwardlyrealized,

tion
revela-

soul

creative

the

of

sonl ;

itself

to

only.*

of
a

Artisa

from Ufe to Ufe.

rtvekUum

plainstone

wall is

art

voluntary,and

and

wall is conscious

work of

The

The

laying
of

builder

that

the stones

materials presented
oompose the wall are unconscious
The
builder arranges the stones,with
to his hand.

intention,in

with

accordance

forms,to accomplish a
be read in the wall

may

The

boolc.

builder's

thought that is
lived,and that has

but

purpose

as

thought

sentence

stone

plan which
is read

is built into his

in

existence

an

wall;

is life that has

embodied
obtained

and

and

been

separate

lived it
originally
The buUder's thought permanentlyenshrines itself
wall is therefore a vehicle
The
the wall.
by

from

in

accidents

therefore

purpose:
of

wall is the embodiment

their

who

that of him

of which

means

life that is living;that

The

builder

and

to each

effect.
work

The

is,to

beholder

stone

to

of the walL

known
wall,although un-

into communion

in which
wall

tlie beholder

of the

other,enter

wall is the element

life is communicable

lived

the

their communion

; and

the

takes

a
is,therefore,essentially

of art

"d

by

The
takes

actual creation of

place in

stages. At

as

appears

of art

work

successive

the work
first,

23

PRINCIPLES.

THREE

THE

multuous
tu-

mere

before
potentiality,
striving
the soul

for

actualization,
determination,

utterance

inspiration.

this is the

AfterwaFds

is realized in
; the harmonies

of the whole

are

fact of their

the

active

tiality
poten-

tion
concep-

of the parts and

determined

by

the

being distinctly
nized
recog-

; and the work

in

stage of

exists to the soul

words, forms,or colors.

As

the soul

materials of

objectof

in
gathers,

thought which

its

universe.

make

meditation,so

gathered,in
world, the

memory,

the

elements
When

the

the

abyss of

the
the
preme
Su-

the

of this visible

originalgerms

"d

by

24

PRINCIPLES.

THBEB

THE

they became the

gathered,
object of the Divine Intelligence;
thus

were

AND

Supreme

THE

PROM

HIMSELF

contradistinguished
IN

THEM

THE

Then

CONCEPTION.

INTELLECTUAL

worlds

existed out

of the

in the

property

qualityof

or

OP

ACT

the

Supreme,
non-

divinity.*

Form.

and
Virtuality

"Behold

the

distinction of the

principles!All
*

In the

beginning,the Almighty

of his Rimy
host.

before his
im

AOR

I and

abyss

virtualities and

pomand
com-

He uttered his voice

in person.
of command,
He gave the word

immediately there

under

assnmed

two

darkness

rolled from

the

this immeasurable

nite
infiverse
uni-

like an
revolving worlds, dilatingitself,
avalanche of visible glory,through inexhaustible
of

spheres.
space

In this act, the

received

their

relations of

being.

"d

by

time

and

tentialities of
of

being,all spontaneitjr
which, when

all that

power,

manifest,persists
and

belongsto

of God

the

propertyor quality

the Father.

growth

and

in

and belongto
Principle,
God

qualityof
Without

root

the

be ; and

nature,

By
which

and
the

that act
is the

in which

Supreme

dualizing
indivi-

Second

the Eternal Word.

of substance

of
act

in the

individual

without

individual

no

of

the property

no
abyss of non-existence,

thing can

laws

development,all

forms, are

or

Principle,

plasticenergies,all

All

not

substance

as

the First

abyss,is in

in the

25

PBIKCIPLE8.

THBEE

THE

form, or

thing can
divine
of

ist.
ex-

tion,
concep-

creation,

this universe

consists,
individual

thought

"d

by

26

THBEE

THE

PBIKCIPLEB.

things in

their

thingscame

to be

natores, and

indrvidnals,the
"

becaose
becoming actnal,
with

npon

forms

Divine

The
Eternal

or

tent
la-

clothed

organisms.

Intelligence
(or

the

Father),actirelyconceiving
with

in accordance
is the

thus

of that continnons

cause

which

the Eternal

forms and moulds

in the whole

and

Word,
tion
opera-

the

verse
uni-

in all of its

parts.
The

First

Principleis

Nature, is anterior

outside

it,and

to

of

virtual.

The

Second

is Nature itself,
Principle

the

framer

and

of
originator)

former

(but not

all worlds.

"d

by

the

THE

27

PRINCIPLES.

THREE

Forms,

When

twig of

peach-tree

is

graftedinto a plum-tree,the sap of

the plum-treeflows into the ingrafted
The

twig.

air,earth,light,water,

that feed the tree,feed the

circumstances

and the

twig become
those
it.
never

of the

twig also ;

of the

in all respects similar to

plum-twigsthat

surround

this peach-twig will

Nevertheless,

plums. The

bear

bark, fibres,

are
leaves,of the peach-twig,

the

bark,fibres,
leaves,of

tree, and
and
as

peach-

the

never

those

peach-twigwill

it would

have

done

to live in its

always

the

peach-

the

plum

of

bear

peaches,

if it had

parent tree.

"d

by

tinued
con-

The

28

twig

remains

law

of

always

lily-seed
springsforth the

lily-plant
; and
the

and
soil,

of the

is sown
lily-seed

air,and
light,

is dead

show

First

bursts.

moisture

(influ.

the vital force

from

seed

that

root

is put forth ;

the stalk ; then the leaves

themselves

flower appears

beauty:

in proper

plantwill grow), it swells

no

afterwards

kind.

feel the influences

begins to

for
inheringin itself,

and

their

to

concurringwith

ences

seed,other

other

from

plants,according
When

faithful to the

kind.

its

the

From

PBINCIPLES.

THREE

THE

but

in the

the

and

at

last the

of
perfection

its

root, bark, leaves,

the

flower, seeds, are

root, bark,

and
leaves,flower,seeds,of the lily,
never

of the

rose

or

violet.

"d

by

THE

The

THREE

law

is not

is not the

kind

kind

from. the
force

is

the

kind,and

nor

the law

for

consequent resulting

permanence

of

and

law;

in
pertainsto virtuality

First

its

the

law,and the force*

is neither the kind

the

29

PRINCIPLES.

while law, with

Principle;
consequents, pertainsto the
actual Nature.
or
Principle,

the
all

cond
Se-

and Life,
Virtuality

The

powder

in the

"

The

tendency
each

bore

cannon

force of gravitationis
which

other; and
of the

activity,
the

of

that is rammed

and

force,when

home

contains vir-

the virtual

inhering

of matter to approach
compels masses
the law of gravitation
ployment
is,not the devirtual force (forsuch deployment is

law),but the manner

deployed,uniformlyacts.

not

3*

"d

by

in which

30

THS("E

THE

tualities that
black

PRINCIPLES.

grains;

but

nevertheless exist

conditions

virtnalities

fulfilledwhich

are

their actualization
not

are

these

in the
latently
grains. When

of those

essence

visible in the

not

are

the

render

these
possible,

drawn

forth

they rush,by their

forth :

dark

or

own

tnalities
virled

taneity,
spon-

from

latencyinto actuality.
is broughtnear
to the
port-fire

If the

vent, the conditions become

powder

the
then

the transformation

render

which

in the

energy,

as

red

no

flame,an

blue-graysmoke.
that watches

their

the dark

longeras

of

possible:

cannon

immediately,by

appear

present

own

hering
in-

grainswill

dark

but
grains,
expansivegas, and
Like

in
patiently

"d

by

wild beast
its shaded

THE

covert, but springs upon

as

soon

31

PRINCIPLES.

THREE

its prey

hidden
offers,

occasion

vir-

motionless for its opportunity,

tnalitylurks
but

suddenly from

passes

whenever
latency into actuality
conditions of its actualization

The

as

are

Ego is,not life,but

the
sented.
pre-

is alive.

gination
imaor
conception,
Every sensation,
is an
a

fluid in

the

act of life. Life is not

which

ments,
sentisensations,
float like motes
in
cognitions,

air,but

is

spontaneous

or

self-

(thoughnot self-provoked)
originated
when
in
not
activity.Virtualities,
exist neither
relations,
to

each

other,nor
which

activities that

are

to

themselves,

to the world.

lations,
Re-

interpenetrating

reciprocally
imply each

"d

by

32

PRINCIPLES.

THREE

THE

other,are the onlyactualities

Subjectand object
the subjectis not,

created universe.
are

correlatives

the
therefore,

unmanifested

Ego

in

the

Ego

that knows

hidden

is the

in its

it is

but

in act,

itself to be

object an

force,for

Ego

absolutely
force recognized

and characterized
activities,

by the Ego

as

Non-ego.

the inter-relationof the

Non-ego

Ego,

the Ego
relations,

the

neither

of the

ceases,

there

Ego
is

no

When

and

the

longer

subjector object; since the

into their
two
enter
simultaneously
and no longerexist
latent virtualities,
either

the

one

for the other.

"d

by

THE

THREE

33

PRINCIPLES.

Gonsdovsness,

Consciousness

is the

recognition

by the Ego of itselfas subject, that

"

virtual relative

is,as

to

the

picturecan

no

The

force,non-cognizable

senses,

be

existence

and

drawn

of which

in the

of the

gination.
ima-

subjectand

and
object,quoad subjectand object,
not

unrelated

as

tutes
constivirtualities,

that fundamental
which

tion
fact of rela-

is the essential content

of consciousness.
But

the relative is correlative with

the Absohite
exist
itdoes)

; and

the

relative

not
can-

(as the soul perceivesthat

in consciousquoad relative,

34

THREE

THE

PRINCIPLES.

the coexistence

ness, without

of the Absolute
It is

impossibleto
either

of

object;

but

and

The

man

the

subject or

the

recognizesboth

ject
sub-

hypothesisof

the self-existence of relative

for the

account

account

such

it

can

(somethingvery

causes

is
self-existence)

less

of their relations : for the

for the existence

of
inter-dependmce

of those

existence

themselves,qttoadrelative;much

causes

ence
exist-

and
objectin consciousness,

cannot

causes

sciousness
con-

also.*

prove

the

in

eign
for-

prior condition
In other words, no
of the existence of the relations.
relation can
originally
depend solelyon the causes
which
it subsists;and for the reason, that
between
establish such relation if they
those causes
never
can
be not, before the establishment,
already in relations*
to

For

if

causes

necessary

into relations

come

influencingeach

other

that

so

by

they

this first act of

act in concurrence,

is itself an

act

of

their

act,

own

shall thenceforth

coming

into

; that

concurrence

currence
con-

is,an

act in relations*
The

existence

in
necessarily,

of

causes

in relations

the existence of

cause

is

that is not

relations;that is,in that of the Absolute

"d

by

involved,

Cause.

in

THE

afSrms
of the

the

the

to prove

Neither

being

man
Nevertheless,

act of

which

the

is,if
as

the

and, at

is in

be

presence

the

of
the

object with

and distinct
relation,

conscious (that
actively

objectin
the

same

existence of the

(not in

is,let him

well the

his act of

subject

thought),
the

time,doubt

real

Absolute,let him try

words, but

mere

that there
that

Absolute.

disfinct from

as
recognize

to aflSrm

possible

the relation itself.

man

he

and

recognizes,in the

as

Ego

from
If

of the

distinct from

Ego,

one

is it

the
consciousness,

Absolute

the

of the

existence

other.

35

PRINCIPLES.

THREE

is

to

try

believe
consciously

no

at all ;

God

candidlyand

in the

of the Absolute.

sciously)
con-

The

ence
non-existfeat

"d

by

can-

36

THREE

THE

be

not

PRINCIPLES.

and

performed;

the

attempt

the
performit will dissipate

to

the mind.*

that darkened

of doubt

shadow

lidaiions.

All relations

stand

in the Third

Principle.Every thingthat

has its virtuality

or root

the universe

in the

of substance

First

Principle
;
Third

God.

cation of

no

God

called,and

with

argument

cond
Se-

in
actuality

singalarimpr"

at all : it is

fact of consciousness.

greatenough
preme.

its

priori argument for'the

It is

and

the

Principle.

This has been

priety,an

Principle;

law, in

its form, nature, and

the

exists in

for

is

No

proved.

not

"d

by

simpleveriA
premiss k

that contains

conclusion

known,

existence

the Sm

Every part of

37

PRINCIPLES.

THREE

THE

is either

the universe

or
indirectlydependent
directly

its

and

its relations with

actuality
upon

part and with the whole,

other

every

the

is

whole

part. The

dependent

universe,as
is the

divine process

of

divine

of art;

work

universe

made

as

which
relations,

by

the
and

which
the

it hath

this

of conceived
determined

conceptionof

in act
other

are

and

it is

to conceive

up

the

product of

thought:

pleasedthe Supreme

act

actualized,

solelyin relations;for

visible universe

for its

its relations with every

actuality
upon
consists

for

other

themselves

in
tions,
rela-

mine
deter-

conceptionof

still

relations.

Created

things

appear

therefore,

"d

by

38

in

THREE

THE

time; as

antecedents

and

as

antecedents

which

themselves

quents
conse-

as

themselves

antecedents

of other

great chain,

in which

the links follow each

without

solution of
created

lations which

other

continuity. In

things appear
are

an-

consequents which

consequents; formingone

Bpace,

are

consequents of other

tecedentS;and
are

PRINCIPLES.

themselves

as

re^

in rela-

unbroken
forminga re-entering^
tionS;
series of terms

in mutual

and

inter-dependence.No
in the

universe

one

cal
reciprothing

exists in isolation;

for isolation is non-existence.

"d

by

THE

The

WILL

formation:

nutrition

and

unceasingly
of

regular

of the

own

to

diverse
as

the

life is

its

of

one

assimilates

It
the

operation
such

elements

ganic
inor-

are

It

time,
;

con-

special functions,

development.

form

of

state

itself,by

and

waste

determinate

in

MAN.

growth.

and

world
its

is

lily-plant

tinuons

OP

the
to

necessary
to

insure

exists
and

drawing

surrounding

of

repair

its

own

through

under

minate
deter-

particles

elements

into

"d

by

from
its

40

renderingback

and
composition,

the

the elements
has

(in respect
its

to
utility

the

the
for

nor

which

of
particles

it

their relations of

to

nature) exhausted

own

lilylives;

natural

activityin determinate

but

activityof

an

neither

but

itself.

from*

nor

life of man's

The
an

to

virtue.

Thus
to

MAN.

OF

WILL

THE

who, in the creative

is

relations,

the
act

body

Supreme,
of intellectual

conception,establishes,
upholds,
and

sustains
of the

the

body.
its

the

and

body

own

The

the

soul contradistinguishes

life from

its
body, characterizing

To

exist

from

to self is to be

endowed

with

self is to be

conscious;

that of
life

own

causative; to

to exist

will.

"d

tions
func-

by

for self

exist

is to be

THE

fre e, and

WILL

OF

41

MAN.

that of the

facultyof

body as alien
and
origination,

therefore (fromits own

point of view)

as

to its

as

own

necessary.

This

whole

intellectual

universe

conception of

that

and

actualityit

exists in the
the

preme,
Su-

conceptionis the sole

has.

Every

individual

a word
thingit contains,
is,therefore,

spokenby
*

There

God

to,man.*

foreignto

is

nothingmore
of self-originated
life and
that
caverns
sequestered
coontries.
halls and

Such

free action
are

caverns

with

met
are

the

sentiment
the

than
in

some

divided

presentingan
galleries,

into

dark,
stone
limetinuous
con-

appearance

of

organicplan; yet, although the incrustations on

and
their walls reflect the lightof a torch in a weird
each
individual hall and gallery
peculiarmanner,
there is no creahaving its individual characteristics,
that of the beholder
save
turely life in such caves
who

enters

them.

exists, and has its

cave, in the

Nevertheles,every such cave

actuality, ^tioa^anindividual

intellectual and

creative

conceptionof

4"

"d

by

42

The

OP

WILL

THE

SouVs

MAN.

the

Ignoranceof

Body's

Nature,

has

soul

The

knowledge

of the

the

body

the laws

do under

regularmotions

Supreme. Every
divine art; and, since

life,
every

cavern
*

has

nature

own

art is

revelation

from

by the
it

reason

of the

"d

life to

ing*
inorganicmeanAlmighty in stone

is,that

men

nature, feel darkly,on

the presence
of the place.

of

and

vague

this

to the influences of

cavern,

work
is,therefore,
a

cavern

my
econo-

circulation of the

wo''"i written

obscurity. For

genius

cannot,

or

of the animal

the

of its

the

(such as

and

can,

to

Principle.The process
and, in general,the
digestion,

of

is

hazardous

Second

in the

"

be

it

in which

body

lives ; and it would

aflSrm what

inadequate

very

by

tive
sensiing
enter-

peculiarinforming

"THE

WILL

blood and the

OP

of
pulsations

placewithout

take

The

the

soul.

surroundingelements,

from the elements

lost,so that

replacethose

it

its entire material

is

to

regularlychanged
every

the souPa

All vision takes

of the

all this

curs
oc-

cognizanceof

of

effect in the

currence
con-

subjectand objectin
the

sight; yet

soul

directlyperceivesthe picture

paintedby lighton
eye.

about

that thus repeats itself.

the process

organ

in

once

years ; and

seven

without

never

con-

assimilates particles
continually

and

the

heart),

body continuallygives back

to
particles

has

the

the conscious

of the

concurrence

43

MAN.

The

inference

eye
can

the retina of the

cannot

be drawn

see

itself. No

in conscious-

"d

by

44

WILL

THE

ness

OF

MAN,

from the existence of the

picture

in the eye to the existence of the type

in nature

; for the soul has

conscious

cognizanceof

of the

means,

or

moves,

the

known

the
of

number

has not

and

the

power

empire

of the

consists.

body

The

muscles,tendons,and
in

concerned
movement

the

neither is itknown

the ultimate

over

what

whether

or

or

body ;

by

or

extent, the soul

body;

the

in what

how,

what

to

has
actually

to move

soul

the existence

picture.

It is not

soul

direct

no

of the

simple

hand,is very great;

soul cannot

detail,since

ticulations,
ar-

it has

mention

in

innate knowledge

no

of anatomy.

"d

them

by

THE

WILL

Nattvre

The

OP

8ovl shall be

that the word

it examines
written,

circumstances

of the

that the word

is

and

case,

(or perceivesit to
This

Will,

of the

the soul wills

When

45

MAN.

be

the
fers
pre-

preferable)
be written.

sovl should

which
of preferability,
perception
distinct intellectual act, is the

firstelement

of the

but does
volition,

not,of itself alone,draw

motion

of the

recognizesthe
paper, and

body.
presence

of the hand.

after it any

soul also

The

of pen,
It

moreover

recognizesthe adaptationof
per, pen,

ink,and hand, to the

making the

traced word

and

recognitionof

such

ink,

the par
end

of

aovl to exist ;

complex

"d

by

46

and

means

concurrent

As

the

material

in the

own

"

the paper,

over

without

order

any

soul,traces the word soul

the paper.

The

conscious

causative

soul,but by magi

a;

the action of causative

to the

on

soul is therefore

word

written,not through
the

the pen

to wet

(not the soul),by its

motion, and

of the

sary
neces-

also the

implements,

ink,and guide it

from the

and
written,
of the

presence

the hand

"

prefers that

be

of the hand

presence

the

volition.

soul

soul should

perceivesthe

tinct
dis-

and
perception,

of the

as

soon

of their

is another

presence,

element

the word

MAN.

and
adaptations,

intellectual
second

OP

WILL

THE

soul,and

"d

the action
energy
that

is,by

known
energiesun-

whose

by

of

sudden

WILL

THE

47

MAN.

OP

manifestatic"i8 furnish it with

matter

for astonishment.

If,to the neglectof

the soul
letters,

hand,ink, and

itsattention to the
and

word
no
articulations,

will

soul wills

The

result,and

accomplish that
by

that the hand

left to

by

nerves

right,and

sudden
and

into the
should
the

abnormal

nature

no

the existence

knowledge of

and action of the tendons

mind

and

tendons

result ; for the soul has

it enters

always
the particular

never

of the

articulations which

When

turn
dons,
ten-

motions

conscious

pen,

brain,nerves,

be written.
the final

the paper,

hand

and

lations.
articu-

planof
move

the

from

twitches,

action of the

muscles,from rightto left,

"d

by

48

WILL

THE

the

OP

MAN.

is

unexpected movement

foresightand

without
is

plished
accom-

tion,
inten-

undesigned and

Will

involuntary.
impliesforesightand design.

Such

and
actions,

luntary

as

such

only,are

vo*

accomplished with

are

intention.
The
mind

the
The

and

body

the

is not

to

the

further

body

are

the

of

soul.

forming a
consciously

body acts, or
with

is conscious

in the
and

of

and

act,in accordance
; and

the

known

programme,

that
perceives

of the

consequent motion

soul is conscious

certain

not

the view

between

nexiis

connection.

does

that programme
of

nothing
The

luntary
vo-

involuntarymotions

of

alike unaccountable

to

the soul.

"d

by

WILL

THE

Error

The

OF

and

49

MAN.

Delusion*

quoad imaginations,
imaginations^
of

delirious man,

mark, not

and weakness, but

imperfection

facultyand
for,if

delirious

their

and

cause

of his
of

own

Conversely, if

the
faculties,

imagerypresent to
to be

unaware

that he is himself

cease

be made

occasion in the spontaneity

insanitywould

become

error

have
imaginations

eliminated from his mental

should

gular
sin-

ignoranceonly;
could

man

that his

to know

The

power.

of delirium consists in

an

the

at

once

ment
elebe

condition.

creative

poet

of the

iact

of the

creator

his mind,he would

poet ; for his inspiration

"d

by

50

THE

would

be

WILL

OF

MAN.

delirium

into

transformed

and

insanity.*
It is always a defect

fact of

source

a fact of non-perignorance,
ception,
of crethe faculty
and never
ating

constitutes

of delusion.

The

is

adequateground
; and

that
experience,

is therefore

of absolute

are

the most

judgments.

which

is

No

man

furnish

no

ty
certaincommon

never

absolute
can

that

be

in
so

positive

hot alwayt
poetic inspiration,

negativeelement,which
which

of

of the least

persons

drags
Intoxicating

element

occasion

it is the lesson of

information

the

always essentially,
tive.
nega-

Strong conviction

knowledge,

images, that
delusion

their

of

is

and
partialstupefaction,

leads to delirium.

"d

by

WILL

THE

of the

Bare

OP

61

MAN.

correctness

of his

own

view of any
in

as to be justified
subject
attemptingto impose his opinion

upon

another.

All

less delirious.
tions for

All

and

of

or

persecu*

of

wars

conducted

not

are

dividual
securingin-

public liberty, that

of

wars

of

thoae

more

honest

sole purpose

is, all

are

opinion's
sake,all

principlewhich
for the

men

principle,except

are
selfrdefence,

the work

of maniacs.

The

Nature

falls into

man

of Error,

error

when

he

is

of importantelements
non-cognizant

of the

case

on

which

he

passes

by

ed
judg-

52

THE

ment, and

WILL

also

OP

MAN.

of
non-cognizant

his

ignorance.

own

The
thl3

occasion of

error

imaginationnor

judgment,but

in the

is neither

in the

in

facultyof

makinadequat-e

of
ing-upand presentation

the

oase

judgment is passed.
is /requenUy unavoidable ;
Error
is affected
vnih
/or 80 long as a man
which

on

of a thing^
imaginaiion
ayetemjOr
and is not affededwith a cognitheory,
tion
that exdudea or renders doubtful

ike

the presence and

existenceof thai ihing,

or

the truth of thai system

he

necessarily
regards thai

theory
thing as

or

or thai sysiem or
presentand existing^

theoryas
The
which

true.

soul

perceive that

cannot

is not at all present to it ; nei-

"d

by

THE

ther

it

can

OP

63

MAN.

not
arbitrarily

is the

which

that

WILL

real

perceive

objectof

its

perception.
determinations

The

of the

the consequent motions

the

are

dependent on

the

understanding;
of the

will,and

of the

body,

judgments

and

the

of

ements
judg-

are
understanding

often

Man^s actual conduct,

grounded in error.
often necessarily
runs
therefore,
counter

to the nature

Imaginationand

From

the

of

Conadouaness.

images,traces,and
present in

construct
we

things.

sentations
repre-

memory,

of
imaginaryportraits
know

we

sons
per-

of ourselves ; for

and
6*

"d

by

54

we

THE

OF

WILL

the likeness of ourselves

remember

that is reflected from

we
impressions

minds

by

produce

think

thus
others

on

Although

formed

of ourselves

it is nevertheless
distorted,
and

to

proper
to

each

the

unavoidablymore

are

own

our

produce,on

we

of others.

minds

mirrors^and the

conduct,and those

oar

produce,or

MAN.

their

distinct virtual

the

natural

sensation

It is not

Ego

that

and

abyss. Names
persons

and

is applied

sound,name,

no

or
are

existing

as

imagination. The

portraitof
imaginative

objective:

l^^s

them,

to

given.

are

; for there is

to

tures
picand

or

name
specially*
distinguishing

givento

the

supposed types, that

names

in
quality,

we

one's

for that

"d

by

self is

reason

it

THj;

OF

WILL

55

MAN.

is that the

majorityof

themselves

in the third person,

that children

naturally
speak of

children

first learn to

pronoun

denotes

Ego, but

steoidingbefore
of his
child,

In Kke

manner,

to be

man,

natural person.

the child grows

when

and

learns to

use

the

he says he is
is

he

contemplate

himself that exists

imagination. He

says,

also,

contemplatesthe imaginary

that
representations
him

picture

own

of
ing the portrait

he

the

imaginationof

se^-conscumswhen
his

mouths, not

the

consciousness,

word

when

them-

"J," the

say

in their

the transcendent

in

and

in the third person ; for,"3vhen

selv^

each

think of

men

are

present

to

of other persons, that these other

persons

exist

to

his

conadov^ness.

"d

by

56

THE

this

And

in

-source

WILL

OP

of

languagehas
ignorance; for the true
error

is not known

of consciousness

of
contemplation

The

MAN.

of
portraits

the

world

objects,and

as

consciousness:

imaginative

for consciousness

not

but
object,
a

of

itself,

subject;

as

virtual relative

of which

in the

be drawn

that

force,
non-cognizable

to the senses, and

picturecan

and

therefore not

recognition
by the Ego

is,as

of memory

is the
as

to him.

ourselves

imagination)of

others

act

ourselves and others is

perception(in the
and

its

no

imagine^

tion.*
is pleasureof the imaginaLove,as an affection,
tion,
or j oy, accompanied by an
image representing
of that joy.
the supposed cause
Hatred is a pain of the imagination,
or grief,accompanied,
*

"c.
Tlie

subjectiveself

is

non-existent
transcendent,

"d

by

OF

WILL

THE

If consciousness
of the

the

were

not

Ego

ilie first young

her
to

cognition
re-

us

in

tion,
imagina-

subjective
graspingof

itself by the

mere

objectivepictureof

ourselves that exists to

and

57

MAN.

in its

ladytaken

subjectivity,
from

home

would
be found
boarding-school
mand
possess, by nature, greater com-

of the art of observation

than
either

sciousness
con-

obtained,

ever

or
naturally
through laborious

by
application,

philosopherin
t0 the

was

in

the most
the

painstaking

world.

non-cognizableto
imagination,

the senses, and

incapable of being objectivelyrepresented. It is,

gination
therefore (sinceit cannot be representedin the imaof either joy or sorrow),neyer
an
as a cause
objectof affection. There is no such thingas either
love

or

hatred

SsLF-LOYE
of the

natural

representedin

of the

self.
subjective
is love,not of the subjective
but
self,
is objectively
person, or self,which
the

imngination.

"d

by

58

WILL

THE

Of

The

Man^B

OP

imagininginto the 'First

Principle,

gates of all the Three

stand open, and

into

each, either

Into whichever
his will

one

man

into
imagination,

that

to true

man

any,

of them
the

longas

may

or

by

So

MAN.

ples
Princi-

imagine
of

tiiem.

he introduces

kindlingof

his

he goes.

one

has not yet attained

he feels darkly
consciousness,

which
stitutes
convirtuality
subjective
his substance as a perceiving
tinctly
Ego, but without being able to disthe

grasp it in
its subjectivity.
Therefore,in that

recognizeit,or

to

of himself
objectiverepresentation
which

is naturally
present to him

he beholds
imagination,

"d

by

in

trace,g:leam^

WILL

THE

reflection of

or

inheringin

of

he

If he

knows

in

not

feels

imagine
w^hich

energy

its

subjectivity

darklythe

tion
attrac-

essence),

raise
continually

aspiretowards

ture
fu-

his will

its transcendent

will he

up, and

source

kindle

half-hidden

(althoughhe
then

as

mystery of self,and

the

of

there appears

and

self,

of force.

into

mysterious half-

ability,
capacity,and

untold

in this

59

MAN.

which

revealed energy,
as

OP

what

himself
he

sees

in his

a
as
royal seat of
imagination
dominion
and
of farself-centring

reaching power.

Captivatedin

he is carried
ittiiBiginations,
the conceit
and

of his

own

away

as

by

great beauty

glory,and proclaimshimself

himself

his

to

potent prince in the

"d

by

60

THE

Principle.But

First

his
necessarily

is

OF

WILL

MAN.

his

climbing-up

fall; and

the

more

climbs,the greater his fall must

he
be

for his

him

throws

his

which
and

self-affirmation
unqualified
of the

out

he

power

only,but

in himself

reallyinheres;

existence

(sincewhat

is not

the stronger he becomes

act ; and

in his

as

lated
re-

himself)

in his

own

settled he becomes

more

the

way,

own

is not

he is in his realized

weaker
the

has

in himself

with that which

the
will,

relations in

emptiness,

more

and humiliation
distress,
disappointment,

finds

he

himself

plans,and
him

his

wherever

The

himself.

brings upon

he

man

thwarted

he

who

in all his

barred

road

Thus

against

turns.

himself

sees

"d

by

as

THE

OP

WILL

61

MAN.

might, and is at the same

subsisting
of his own
time non-cognizant
vity,
relatibecomes
stately and proud,
infolds
deliriously

himself in his

own

and
self-idolatry,

blinds himself

with

the incense he offers at his

and

own

shrine.
He

wrongful and

also becomes

jurioustowards other
them

men,

much

as

himself; for
in others

no

and underestimates

he

as

he

merit which

in-

estimates
over-

recognizes
they do

not

and very vehemently show,

explicitly
while he insanelyregardshimself as
capable of achieving,or as actually

possessing,
every
imaginationcan
he

inflictson

excellence

over,
represent. More-

considers

others

that his

as

the

wrongs

and
light,

easy to

"d

he

by

62

OP

WILL

THE

borne, while he regards as

be

that

all wrongs

by others
at

MAN.

him.

on

and he allows of

rannity of
and

He

sensitive

once

other

He,

inflicted

is,therefore,

and

exacting;

equalityor

no

between

nature

com-

himself

men.

seizes
arbitrarily

moreover,

whatever

are

lerable
into-

may

conduce

to

maintain

of the
prideand state,regardless
morality of the seizure;for force,
his

fraud,and surpriseare
scanned

by

the soul in this

but flow like water

and leaves
Man

and

which

narrowly
Principle,

dries away

trace.

no

becomes

dead

justice,and

to

truth,right,

truth, right,and

dead

to

delusion

of

justicebecome
throughthe

not

"d

by

him, when,
self-interest,

he

rule, measure,

63

MAN.

to aflSrm that

comes

sole

OP

WILL

THE

which

not

from

and

commands
the

its

it

law

thority
au-

authorityis power
silences

onlyproclaimsand

to
opposition

of

sanction

or

truth ; that truth is derived

; and that

is the

might

but also
affirmations,

compels obedience

promulgates.

in the First

Man

to

rally,
natu-

self
him-

sees
Principle,

as
an
authority
;
imagination
and, if he imagine into self,he will
extreme
exercise authorityto the

in

limit

of
it

his power,

and

but
arbitrarily:

nothing by

will

he

will

cise
exer-

gain

; for his

all his eagerness

accessions of rank,wealth,fame,skill,
or

if any
learning,

he

make,

that
acquisitions,
to

feed

his

are

soned
poi-

merely

serve

insanity,since

"d

by

their

64

images

go

at

MAN.

into the outward

once

imagination,and
the

OP

WILL

THE

there
the

of

supremacy

strengthen
objective

self.

for

remains

always

snatch,and retain

men

is withheld
who

vindicate
he

from him

by

man

other

the

First

back

disappointed

and

aginations
kindlingim-

his desires

they have nothingelse

tear

and

imaginesinto

his kindled

and

it feeds

what

"

where

eat

de-

willingto
fore
possessions, there-

their

that

because

that which

ready

are

is thrown
Principle
upon

; and

; and because

covets

seize,

to

man

enlargesitself by

upon

man

retain,more

seize,snatch, or

may

sire

much

because, however

And

each

to feed

other, as

by

(since
upon)
ed
mill-

THE

which

stones

them

OP

MAN.

have

no

corn

grind each

he

imagine

that
Principle,

he is in-

snared and fast bound

in

his life the

strong and

like

where,
prison,

and
stingshimself,

he

be man's

great may

he finds,if
possessions,

close

between

ingother in their turn-

Thus, however
into the First

65

WILL

scorpion,

introduces

of emulation,

ragingvenom

envy,* covetousness, and

In

potent wrath.
his dark

there is

When

person

whose

still undecided
appears

appears

in
in

hellish torment

present to the mind

is

success

While

that

im-

life burns.

will that is determined

is enyy.

into

by

our

the

the loss and

j envy

is

the

the
loss,

image of

form

of the

accompanying

hatred

success

appear

jealousy

to

be

only. Jealousy
its activityas emulation,
and envy
its activityas malignity.
6*

"d

by

66

Of

If

MarCs

imagininginto the
Principle.
kindle

man

it,he will

and

his

be

Second

imaginations

and
Principle,

in the Second
to

MAN.

OP

WILL

THE

thus live

affable,
courteous,

amiable.

Life to the Second

Principleis

life to any hidden

essence,

it lifeto relations

(for,in it,the

not

neither

is

im-

aginationfastens itself neither on

on
nor
essences
relations)
; but it is a
lifeto the natures,

as

such, of

isting
ex-

things.
The

that lives to the Second

man

is practically
Principle
stronger than

who

lives to the

the

man

the

over
prevails
long-run,

is his

sure

ally:

First,
and,in
him ; time

for the whole

"d

by

course

tends

of nature

67

MAN.

thwart

to

First

the

life of

OF

WILL

THE

the

fiery

and
Principle,

to

abnormal

throw

it back

into its

centre

; while

lifein the Second

own

ciple
Prin-

is,on

the

ance
contrary, in accord-

with

the

constitution

universe,and therefore

visible

the

of

flows

and peaceably.
quietly,
easily,

Life in the First

either heroic
and

the

one

or
or

the

seldom,if

but

ordinary cases,

criminal,

other,as
Life

Principleis

Second

correct

and

mean

determines.

accident

be

Principle
may

mere

in

the

sometimes
ever,

poetic:

it is either

or
mediocrity,

an

roic,
he-

in

life of

aimless and

life of utter diffusion in

self indulgent
a

of
confoundingmultiplicity

tered

and

unmas-

thoughts.
ill-digested

"d

by

68

WILL

THE

Life in the
with

self.

interests

own

is

no

he

way

The

man

to

is convinced

that

man

truth that

to his

who

is

until after he

him,
the

acknowledgment

will conduce

related to

cannot,in many

apprehend a

even

clearly^ted

The

life

Principleis

to

thingthat

cases,

and

MAN.

lives it is naturally
regardlessof

every
his

First

reference

who

OP

consideration
of

such

truth

personalwelfare.

lives to

the

Second

Principle
has,therefore, because he
"

is actuated

by

and
mere

blind
is

cravingfor

impelled,by
in its

pleasureafforded

formation,
in-

the

tion,
acquisi-

to seek for

knowledgewhich has
no
bearing on his own
affairs, a
him that lives
great advantageover
"

to the First.

"d

by

69

MAN.

OP

WILL

THE

Moreover, the action of the

for every

disinterested;

or

propositionpresent to

the

includingthe

of

ness

or

or

notion

preferablerelating

tends
to self,
relating

not

limit of man's

the

mind, and

contrary,whether

the

execution

to

"

and

mind

the

in the

Second

which

have

within

"

known

produce

in

ish,
unself-

is often
Principle

the Second

man

power
animal

of
tion;
mo-

tains,
naturallyenter-

Principle,
propositions
no

relation to

self

Of

If

Man*s

man

the Third

Third

imagininginto the
Principle,
kindle his

imaginationin

and
Principle,

it,he lives neither

to

thus

live to

substances

"d

by

nor

70

WILL

THE

to forms

and

OP

MAN.

laws, but solelyto the

continuallyshiftingor
of

things.

that lives to the Third

He
is

tions
flowingrela-

Principle

superficial,
empty,
naturally
fixinghis

of

reckless and

moreover,

he talks

attention

he

than

more

with his

accordance

libertyof

not in

and
talk,

and

cordance
ac-

tinually
con-

that his

so

becomes
ultimately
lost.

In

Principle,
lunacy rages.

Pride, which
inward

source

outward
takes

in

entsmgles

altogetherdissipatedand
this

is,

improvident;

his conduct":
action

he

thinks,acts

compromises
by

thinking; and

with his

himself

and incapable

the

in the
form

is
and

by its

an

spring,becomes

Third
of

nature

and
Principle,

vanity.

"d

by

THE

Ambition

pie, no

deep root,

energy
the

Third

is

of the

therefore

by

rage

the

an

ment
instru-

than

truth.

First

Principle,

of
deep speculation

are

appearance.

eflScacious

more

and

becomes

outward

ends,falsehood

such

The

and

Princi-'

of others below

own

our

Third

the level of the outward

appearance

level of

71

MAN.

the

has,in

desire to repress

For

OP

WILL

the

replaced in

for detraction

cond,
Sethe
and

calumny.
The
counts

realityof

are

of

of

in

and

demerit

the

in

nothing

as

Principle:

is

merit

Third

it, intellectual

replacedby

ledgment
acknow-

an

and
existing
facts,

replaced by

the

public opinion as

victions
con-

ity
moral-

recognition
the

ultimate

"d

by

72

than that of
character

her

man

is

and

in

than

more

Sensations

man.

man

are

is also

Woman

awaken

special
inverse

awaken
; and

sentiments

sentiments in

woman

that occasion

special
thoughtsin

occasion inverse
If

woman

had

intellectual and
man,

men

thoughtsin

been

would

of

his,

conclusions

perceptionsthat

sentiments

peal.
ap-

her observation

instinctive

imaginative than

no

is finer

woman

prompt

more

definite.

is

Nature.

of
organization

The

more

there

Woman's

The

MAN.

which

from
authority

and

OF

WILL

THE

created

as

man

woman.
a

mere

repetitionof

moral

live with their wivea

"d

by

THE

OF

WILL

birds live with

as

cietywould be
"

"And

EUMm

73

MAN.

their mates

so*

and
agglomeration,

an

said,We
(He-the-gods)

will make

(man-uaiyersal)in the shadow cast by Us (the

action of Us.
abyss),conformablyto the assimilating

Adam

Ehhim

(He-the-gods)did create Adam

collective unity,man-universal)
similitude,
(original
.

And

of Ekhim
created
shadow, in the shadow
him; male and female (androgynous)created he

his

in
he

them."

"

This

ch. i. ver. 26, 27.

BercBshithy
virtual production;
was, however, a mere

for,although Adam

Elohim, he

of

and

sixth

was

thus created

nevertheless

verses

of the

(as is

in the shadow

shown

by

the fifth

followingchapter) did

not

actually exist.
"

And

Jehovah Elohim

framed

Adam

ing
by sublimat-

of the homogeneal ground, and

principle
facultyof him the inspiration
inspiredinto the inspiring
became
of lives; and Adam
a soul of life."
Ber,^
the

"

ch. ii.ver.
"

From

And

7.

Jehovah Elahim

the whole

commanded

growth of

the

Adam, saying,

organicenclosure thou

eat : but,from the growingmight of the

mayest freely
knowledge of good and evil,thou shalt not eat; for,
in the day of thy feedingupon any of it,dying thou
to another state).
shalt die (thou shalt transmute
And Jehovah Ehhim
said.It is not good that Adam

should subsist in his limelinees: I will make

"d

by

to him

74

WILL

THE

not

organicwhole

an

would

be

MAN.

; and every

himself,and
oh. ii.ver.

in his

18.

'^

Jehovah

And

mysterioustrance (an

fhnn

emanated

reflection.*'
^-Baf*.,

luminous

own

ration
gene-

reproduction

mere

auxiliary
might (a propping mate)

im

OP

Eloktm

caused

alienation from

ix" Ml

his true

self)

Adam

(colleotiTeman), who slumbered; and

(Jehovah "3ohim) broke tiie unity of his {Adavfe)
of them, and
and took one
objectivereflections,
on

clothed its weakness

with
(itsinferiority)

fonn

tad

structed
corporealbeauty; and he {Jikovah JSlohim)reconthe objective
reflection that was
broken
off
from AdoMj and shaped liha (inteUectualwoman,
and broughther to Admn
man's
facultyof volition),
said. This is acttiaHy
(man universal). And Adam

of my
substance,and fbrm cf my form
of voStton),
1
ftud he called ber Ma
(principle
substance

man) her self-hood had

(intellectual
taken.""
5er.,ch. ii. ver. 22, 28.
'*
ardor,appetency,cupidity)
Now, Ndhath (internal

out of M

was

which
hoih

in
principle
prevailing

Jehovah

said) unto

Wherefore
whole

JSbhim
Ma

did fhhim

growth of

the

had

the whole

made.

(man's
say, Te

lUb of d"tare

And

it said

{Nk-

of tolitioti),
fisMSulty
shall not

endoeure?
orga^c

eat

of the

It is in aot

to die; for
surelycause yourselves
jg"fttm knoweth, that,intheday ye eat of it (of that
growth),your eyes shall be opened, and ye diall

dying that

ye will

"d

by

THE

of

generationthat preceded it.

the

It is the mutual

become

iii.Ter.

4, 6.

growth

was

off

Itha observed

And

to the

it,and fed

Ith\ and

natural

the desire of the

pleasingin the highest

intelligence
; and she took
; and

thereon

also of it to her

gave

the

that

Ch.

"

eyes, and

the
generalizing
of

some

**

evil."

and

good,both according to

and

rate for

of
misunderstanding

Etohkn^knowiog good

as

tense

75

MAN.

OP

WILL

intellectual

she

designedly
principle(to her
**And

Gh. iii.ver. 6.

he did feed thereon.*'"

both were
opened,and they knew
eyes of them
that naked (bare,unveiled in their dark origin)
they
the

and

were;

they assumed

ings, and
ver.

made

to

dense

to themselves

i"Ch.

masks."

themselves

cover-

iii.

7.

Jehovah

^And

EhUm

said

passion).Because

covetous

to

thou

whole

Nahath

(to that

hast done

be
this,

animal

kind,and
throughout the whole life of nature ! According to
shalt thou proceed crawlingly(sidethine obliquity
ling,

thou

accursed

throughoutthe

and
covertly,grovellingly),

(the results
all the

upon

will I

of low-lived

baseness) shalt thou

days of thy life.

put between

earth-exhalations

thee

And
and

natural
and

Ma,

feed

thy
antipabetween

products; and her products

shall repress thy venomous
priBciple,and thy pro-

tby productsand
duets

And

her

shall restrain in her

unto

Itha (man*s

the

tendencies

to

evil.

be said,I
facultyof vylition)

"d

by

76

WILL

THE

the

the

and

man

OP

MAN.

their natural

woman,

and misconstruicmisapprehension
and also
multiplythy woful natural hinderances,
thine mtellectnal
conceptions,so that with panging
labor shalt thou bring forth products; and toward
thine Jsh (thineintellectual principle)
thy desire shall
will

he

and
incline,

shall rule

thee."

over

Ch. iii.ver.

"

14,15, 16.
for name
to his
designated(ironically)
Eee (eleintellectual mate (his faculty of yolitlon),
mentary
existence),because she was the mother of
"

Adam

And

all existence."

[If,in
initial H

Ch. iii.ver.

the absolute

the

change

"

by

vowel

verb

into

HOH,

to he

we
existing,

consonant, and harden

the substitution

riVH (Eve),which

20.

of keth for

^e,we

the

obtain

existenceJ]
elementary
signifies

Bensshith is written in the

hieroglyphicstyle,
and contains,not a double,but a multiple,meaning:
it is possible
that the absolute key to its inner sense
lost. The
is definitively
rendering of the passages
Fabre d*01ivett
here quoted is mainly derived from
Jacob Behmen, and John Pordage; and its accuracy
is,without doubt, open to serious question. These
The

extracts

are

illustration

of
not so^much by way
given,therefore,
of the text, as in the hope that some

competent scholar ntay

be induced

translation of the Hebrew

commentary,

which

to furnish

cosmogony,
is much

"d

by

with

needed.

correct

an

ligible
intel-

WILL

THE

OP

77

MAN.

tioQ of ea^b other's aims and

motives;
ahd the essential divergency of their
which
characters,
of

by

the

the

(aided by

and

reproductivememory,

facultyof

abstraction

constitute the

and
revolutionary,
tossing,

motion

of human

and

ground

culty
fa-

flection)
re-

of the

ive
progress-

society.

Of Liberty,
Mechanical

the

influence is

of material

motion,and

body, not

upon

effect is

the

will is outward

by
transformed

sion
transmisacts upon

soul.

simpledisplacementof

particles.Motive
the

the

by

terial
ma-

influencing

influence

living soul,and
the

Its

livingsoul

ceived
perso

that it

78

THE

becomes

no

OP

WILL

longer a

outward

mere

transmission

a mere
influence,

terial

MAN.

motion, but

inward

an

for action.

of

ma
tive
mo-

Motive, therefore

from
{quoad motive, as distinguished
Uie action of outward
material

the

on

body), is livinglyand
created

the soul

the

by

and,in
arbitrarily,
on

nature

by

soul,and

the

actual

the
influencing

always

an

of

not

itstotality,
imposed

Motive

act

wardly
in-

universe.

will is itself

life,and therefore

as
always of subjective,

well

as

of

objective,
origin.
Animals

(which feel,and

they feel)live

to the Third

The

of
great majority

and

think

that

men

feel that

Principle.
(who feel,

they feel,and

darklythat they think)live

"d

by

think

to all the

THE

OP

WILL

The
Principles.

Three

his

thinks
distinctly
finds himself in his
also the

who

man

once

thought

own

thought,and

finds

Supreme.

To the

has

who

man

in his

neither

79

MAN.

self
thought him-

there is
subjectivity,
insanitynor unconquerable
own

habit ; there

is neither
is neither

; there

man

nor

man
wo-

barbarism

nor

civilization.
The

graspingof

in its

not
a

more

lifetime,
"

and

to

than
and

personal history.
are

When

Ego by

occurs
subjectivity

ordinarycases,
in

the

itself

rarely,
"

the

same

once

or

marks

in

vidual,
inditwice

epochs in

Saints

and
the

exceptions to

phets
pro-

rule.

the soul grasps itself in its vir-

it
tuality,

is

as

though the lightof

"d

by

80

the flame should

flame,and
itself in

coal should

extinguish

feel,in

its

consciousness
subjective

experience can,

is instantaneo

and

never
therefore,

and

pity

be

subjectively

are

for its

but piety has God

identical;

object,while pity expends

sentiment,and

unknown
marks

and

itself on

Pity, which

creatures.

transcendent

man,

the

misapprehendedor forgotten.

Piety

God's

sence,
es-

experiencesit

that

fundamentallychanged;

either

the

burning quality. The

He

is

in the

glowing coal,and

the

its own
act of

MAX.

extinguishitself

fire should

glowing

OP

WILL

THE

to

the

mere

one

is

terly
ut-

natural

seals,
by its birth and

the awakening of
action,

consciousness.

the

ive
subject-

is

original,

Pity

"d

by

OP

WILL

THE

81

MAN.

spontaneous, self-determined
and

mercy

it holds truth in

in
and justice
hsaid,
its essential

by

beingexerted

of either

at the expense

or

else

is it

blind

commiseration,
compassion,and
all these

objectiveself,are
of evil and of
not

also with
those

instinctive,

passionate,
impulse: neither

fellow-feeling
; for
the

other,and is,

nature, incapableof

it love ; for love is

or

the

one

justice.Pity is not charity

;
is
: neither
charityis alms-giving

truth
for

ness
tender-

who

alike

good,and

tive
produc-

are

patible,
com-

but
onlywith fanaticism,

relentless
are

belongto

crueltytowards

outside the

sympathy.

pale of

Men

who

stinctive
inare

seek honor one

conscious,
objectively
who are subjectively
of anpther: men

"d

by

82

THE

OP

WILL

MAN.

seek primarilythat honor

conscious,
which

from God

comes

for outward
in the

only. Regard
finds its law

appearances

objectivenature

its sanction in

the

of man,

and

approval of

so*

ciety: regard for reputableappearances

is therefore

abdication

an

the soul in the presence

power

that

of

of

tuted
consti-

is alien to its own

worldliness urges
liberty.Religious
the semblance of pietyas an
excuse
of pity,and philanfor the absence
thropic
worldliness

of
absence

pity as

of real

urges
an

excuse

one

other.

blance
sem-

for the

piety. Pietyand pity

implyeach other,and
the

the

involves

the absence

the absence

Pity (or piety)is alone

of the
in its

by nothingthat
kind, is explicable

"d

by

of

is

WILL

THE

I other

than

[ except to
own

have

and
itself,
such

and

as

is inconceivable,

grasped

the

both themselves

Almighty.

THE

their

and
subjectivity,

to know

come

83

MAN.

have

in its

essence

thus

OP

END.

"d

by