CSIR NET JUNE 2015 Question Paper + Answer Key

PARTA

Ans:3
Explanation:n=(360/theta)1,theta=60,n=5

Ans:1
Explanation:Thebaseconsistof4X4,the
nextlayerwouldbe3X3(as0.5hastobe
step),nextwouldbe2X2,1X1,
Total=16+9+4+1=30

Ans:4
Explanation:Letthethethirdangleinthe
trainglecontainingthexbey(seondangle
wouldbe180130=50
Fomtheothertriangle,180y+50=130
==>y=100.Ify=100,x=30.

Ans:4
Explanation:Explanation:EitherBcanlieorA

Ans:4
Explanation:Theareawouldbemaximumat
equatorastheradiusismaximum.

Ans:2
Explanation:Totaldistance=4+3=7,Speed=7,
Time=1

Ans:1
Explanation:X4cannotbeequaltox^24^2,
itshouldbe(x4)^2

Ans:4
Explanation:ifm+n+mn=118thenmn=118
(m+n).when22issubstitutedform+nvalue
ofmnwillbe96.96canbewrittenas16x6
thatisvalueofmandn.hence16+6is22.At
thesametime16+6+(16*6)willbe118.

Ans:2

Ans:1
Explanation:Letthepricebex,afterdiscount
itwouldbe0.9x.Alossof90%incurred,so
finals.p=0.9*0.9x=0.81x
0.81x=729.Orx=900

Explanation:Wecanselect11playersfrom40
by40C11ways.Wecanchoose1captainout
of11in11C1ways.Totallythenumberof

ways11C1x40C11=11x40C11(11C1=
11!/10!1!=11)

Ans:4
Explanation:Percentageincreasein
2010=20/18*100:
Percentageincreasein2002=15/7*100:

Ans:4
Ans:4

Explanation:Themaximumdiversityis
possiblewhenallthebasesoccurinthesame
proportion

Explanation:10000/3=3333

Ans:2
Explanation:HiddennumbersareA:Eleven,
B:Nine,C:Eight,D:Ten.Soaccordingarrange
inascendingorderC,B,DandA

Ans:4
Explanation:Ifweconsiderthesouthern
hemisphere,thereisaringneartheSouth
Polethathasacircumferenceofonemile.So
whatifwewerestandingatanypointone
milenorthofthisring?Ifwewalkedonemile
south,wewouldbeonthering.Thenone
mileeastwouldbringusbacktosamepoint
onthering(sinceitscircumferenceisone
mile).Onemilenorthfromthatpointwould
bringusbacktothepointwerewestarted
from.

Ans:1
Explanation:Ifthebatchof10marbleswe
movedfromBtoAcontainedk
blackonesand10kwhiteones,thenA,at
theend,haskblackmarbles,and
Bhas10(10k)=kwhitemarbles.Thusthe
twonumbersarethesame.

Ans:2
Explanation:Theanswermostlikelyisoption
2.Surfaceareachangesby5%Volumeof
sphere=4/3xpixr^3Since7%islost(10%of
70%),newvolumeis0.93xearliervolumeSo
theradiiisalsointheproportionr^3=0.93x
R^3(consideringrtobeearlierradiusandR
newradiusafterlossofwater)r=0.976R
Surfacearea=4xpixr^2Soitwillchangeby
afactorof(0.976)^2=0.952Sothechangeis
approx5%

Ans:1
Explanation:ThedistancebetweenAandB
=piR=3.14R.Asthespeedisinratioof2:1
andhencethedistancecoveredwouldbein
ratioof2:1.i.eRfromAand2RfromB


Ans:1
Explanation:aNwhenreversedisNathatis
sodiumhenceS.similarlyeF=Fe=iron=I,gH
=Hg=mercurryandnS=tinhenceT

Ans:2
Explanation:markapointO(center)onAB.
JoinOCandOD.HenceOC,OD,OBwillbe
radiusofcircle=x.LetOP=y.SinceOBisxOP
canbewrittenasx1.Applypythorarus
theoremtotriangleOCP.x^2=4+(x1)^2.By
solvinftheequationxwillbe2.5whichisthe
radiusofthecircle.

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Ans:3
Explanation:Longchainsaturatedfattyacidswouldbe
responsiblefordecreasingthefluidityoftheplasma
membrane.Asthebacteriawouldbeshiftedfromlower
tohighertemperaturetherefore,itwouldberequiring
longchainsaturatedfattyacidsforitssurvival.

Ans:4
Explanation:MosttransposansinbacteriaareDNAand
EukaryoteshavebothDNAandRNA

Ref:Chapter4:StructureandFunctionofPlasma
membrane,Page134,CellandMolecularBiologyby
Karp(6thEdition)

Ref:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transposable_element
http://www.slideshare.net/ambicaparthasarathi/transposa
ble-elements

Ans:1
Explanation:Sucroseistranslocatedviaphloemin
plants
Ref:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phloem

Ans:1
Explanation:LEAFYisafloralmeristemidentitygene
Ref:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK10122/

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Ref:
http://chemwiki.ucdavis.edu/Biological_Chemistry/Protei
ns/Protein_Structure, Lehninger Principles of
Biochemistry, chapter 4

Ans:1
Explanation:Theprocessiscoupledtothehydrolysisof
16equivalentsofATPandisaccompaniedbytheco
formationofonemoleculeofH2

Ans:2

Ref:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrogen_fixation

Explanation:TheSwaveisthefirstnegativedeflection
aftertheRwave.Itrepresentsthelateventricular
depolarisation.

Ref:http://www.cardionetics.com/conductionsystem#lateventriculardepolarisation

Ans:2
Explanation:Wavelengthsbeyond700nmare
apparentlyofinsufficientenergytodriveanypartof
photosynthesis.Soahugedropinefficiencyhasbeen
noticedat700nm.Itisapartoftheemersoneffect.

Ans:4

Explanation:Thetransportofchlorideionshelps
controlthemovementofwaterintissues,whichis
necessaryfortheproductionofthin,freelyflowing
mucus

Ref:http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/gene/CFTR

Ref:Book:GuptaandGupta,Plantphysiology2005

Ans:3
Explanation:Book: Gupta and Gupta, Plant physiology
2005

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Explanation:Immunodeficient.Mutationingenes
requiredforsitespecificrecombinationresultsin
reducedorabsenceofmatureTandBcells.Immature
cellsarestillpresentresultinginimmunedeficientstate
Ref:https://en.wikipedia.org/
wiki/Severe_combined_immunodeficiency

Ans:2
Explanation:The2'OHofthadenosinewillattackthe
5'splicesite

Ref:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_II_intron
Ans:4
Explanation:Kcatistheturnovernumbercalculatedas
Kcat=Vmax/Etwhere,Vmax=maxvelocity;Et=total
enzymeconcentration.Inthequestionweshould
converttheconcentrationtermstomolarity.Vmax=10
*10^3/400=0.25*10^4;Et=20*10^6/200000=
10^10.Kcat=0.25*10^4/10^10=2.5*10^5/min

Ans:4
Ref:
http://chemwiki.ucdavis.edu/Biological_Chemistry/Metab
olism/Pyruvate_Dehydrogenase_Complex

Ans:4
Explanation:Beatingofciliaiscarriedthroughnexin
dyeninmicrotubuleactivity.Alltheotheroptionsare
relatedtomicrofilaments.
Ref:http://jcs.biologists.org/content/123/4/519.full.pdf

Ans:2

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Ans:1

Ans:4
Explanation:Allotherswouldresultinincreased
concentrationofCa2+exceptforDNAsynthesisand
nuclearenvelopebreakdownwhichmightoccurdueto
activationofacAMPdependentkinase.

Explanation:immortalityandcontactinhibition.
transformedcellshavelossoftumorsuppressoractivity
andactivationoftumorsuppressorgenes
Ref:
http://library.med.utah.edu/WebPath/NEOHTML/NEOPL
105.html

Ref:https://books.google.co.in/books?id=dmokq_Mgm8C&pg=PA337&lpg=PA337&dq=g+protein+coupled+r
eceptors+%2B+sperm&source=bl&ots=hrQEV2_OHH&s
ig=BpgomZxHHAfS2ymOC4GW5D7trc&hl=en&sa=X&ei=aG2GVYrnAsKfugS3u4OQAg&
ved=0CEIQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=g%20protein%20co
upled%20receptors%20%2B%20sperm&f=false
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3228701/

Ans:2

Explanation:TheDNAsequencechasthehighest
amountofGCcontentaomngthethreeandhence
wouldhavemaximumstability

Ans:1
Explanation:Thepathwaywhichplaysanimportant
roleinaxisformationduringmorphallacticregenration
inHydrawouldbebetacatenin/Wntpathway
Ref:
http://www.eecs.harvard.edu/~rad/courses/cs266/papers
/wolpert-chap13.pdf

Ans:2

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Explanation:PolarandKinetochoremicrotubules
presentinthecenterofthecellareresponsiblefor
determiningtheplaneofformationofcontractilering
Ref:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK26831/

Ans:3

Explanation:Astheproofreadingactivityiscarriedout
atthe3;growingendanditdoneby3'5'exonuclease
activity

Ans:2
Explanation:Intripleresponseofseedlingswhen
exposedtoethylene,thickeningandshorteningof
hypocotylwithpronouncedapicalhookoccurs.

Ref:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proofreading_(biology)

Ref:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethylene,
http://www.sccs.swarthmore.edu/users/08/wnekoba/Stud
ent5Handout.pdf

Ans:4

Ans:1
Explanation:Insidecells,however,donotturnonthe
Cdx2gene,andexpresshighlevelsofOct4,Nanog,and
Sox2,ThesegenessuppressCdx2andtheinsidecells
maintainpluripotencygeneratetheICMandeventually
therestoftheembryoproper

Explanation:Secondaryoocyteisarrestedat
MetaphaseIIofMeiosisIItillthetimespermentersthe
secondaryoocytewhichresultsincompletionof2nd
meioticdivisionofformationofovum.
Ref:Chapter14.3:Meiosis,Page595,Celland
MolecularBiologyKarp(6thedition)

Ref:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inner_cell_mass

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Ans:3

Explanation:SteroidreceptorrequiresaNLSsignaland
theDNAbindingdomainisZincfingers

Ref:
https://books.google.co.in/books?id=KR1GlQs__9wC&p
g=PA257&lpg=PA257&dq=basal+metabolic+rate+would
+be+lower+during+prolonged+starvation,+sleep,+high+e
nvironmental+temperature&source=bl&ots=K2UYsT9slv
&sig=wedZnLXHhuhHVk1qIj8wKzXAu0&hl=en&sa=X&ei=rLiGVdCFIJeGuATMoY7wCg&ved
=0CB0Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=basal%20metabolic%
20rate%20would%20be%20lower%20during%20prolong
ed%20starvation%2C%20sleep%2C%20high%20enviro
nmental%20temperature&f=false

Ref:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steroid_hormone_receptor

Ans:3
Explanation:thighmusclescanhaveathousandfibers
ineachunit,
Ref:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_unit

Ans:1
Explanation:Asthereshouldbeinverserelation
betweenrandT.Sothatcanbejustifiedonlybyoption
1.
Option2denotesadirectrelationbetweenrandT
whichisnotpossible.Option3and4arealsonot
possiblesinceaccordingtothemifgenerationtimeis
increasingthenpopulationgrowthconstantshouldalso
beincreasingwhichisagainnottrue.
Ref:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generation_time

http://vlab.amrita.edu/?sub=3&brch=65&sim=174&cnt=1

Ans:1

Explanation:TheorderedtetradisobservedinN.Crasa
Ref:Griffith: Page 142

Ans:3

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Ans:3
Explanation:rRNAandareusedinreconstructing
phylogenies,duetotheslowratesofevolutionofthis
regionofthegene
Ref:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/16S_ribosomal_RNA,
http://eebweb.arizona.edu/blast/rna_lecture.pdf

Explanation:Semelparousorganismsgenerally
reproduceonlyonceintheirlifetimeproducingmany
offspringsatonce.CicadaandMayflyexhibit
semelparityalongwithbamboowhichisalonglived
semelparousplant.Hence,option1wouldbecorrect.
Ref:SmithandSmith2015,Elementsofecology,
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semelparity_and_iteropa
rity

Ans:1

Ans:2

Explanation:Asonlytheelongationfactorsundergofor
conformationalchanges,ribosomedonotundergofor
conformationalchangesduringtheGTPhydrolysis

Explanation:Procollagenpeptidasehelpsinthe
processingofprocollagentocollagen

Ref:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK26829/

Ref:http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/423231_2,

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procollagen_peptidase

Ans:2

Ans:1

Explanation:32(RpoH)theheatshocksigmafactor,
itisturnedonwhenthebacteriaareexposedtoheat.

Explanation:Uvspectroscopycanbeusedtoquantitate
proteinsusingTyrosineandtryptophancontent.restof
themethodscannotbeeffectivelyusedforquantitation

Ref:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigma_factor

Ref:http://www.labome.com/method/Protein-

Quantitation.html

Ans:1

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Explanation:Ifhighnumberofspecialistswouldbe
presentthentheywouldbedependentonaparticular
typeoffoodonly.Similarlyfewernumberoffunctional
linkswouldresultindestabilizationashighfunctional
diversityisrequiredforstabilization.Ifanecosystemis
havinglinearfoodwebthentheinterdependenceof
organismsononeotherwouldbeverystrongwhileif
reticularfoodwebispresentthentheinterdependence
oforganismswouldbeweak.Hence,linearfoodweb
(foodchain)wouldtendtodecreasestability.While,
omnivoreswhicharegeneralistswouldmostlikelybe
increasingecosystemstabilitysincetheycanfeedon
bothplantsandanimals.

Ans:3
Explanation:Ascomparedtonormalpopulation,
individualsofsubpopulationwithinametapopulation
aredynamicinnaturewhichisdeterminedbytheir
continuousimmigrationandemmigration.

Ref:https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Food_chain

Ref:Chapter8:PropertiesofPopulation,Page159,
Smith:ElementsofEcology(8thEdition)

Ans:3
Explanation:Ttestisusedincaseofhighvariability

Ref:http://www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/stat_t.php

Ans:3
Explanation:Theprobabilityofhavingnodominant
phenotype=1/64(tripplehomozygousrecessive)
Thereforetheprobabilityofhavingatleastone
dominant=1(1/64)=63/64

Ans:2

Explanation:Hybriddysgenesisreferstothehighrateof
mutationingermlinecellsofDrosophilastrains
resultingfromacrossofmaleswithautonomousP

Ans:3

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elements(PStrain/Pcytotype)andfemalesthatlackP
elements(MStrain/Mcytotype)

Ans:3

Ref:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P_element

Explanation:Asserumisoutsidethecellandhence
ELISAwouldbeused

Ref:
http://labmed.ascpjournals.org/content/34/1/58.full.pdf

Ans:1
Explanation:NorovirusandRotavirusbothcauseacute
gastrointestinalillness.ButRotavirusismore
associatedwithpediatricacutegastroenteritis.Where
acNoroviruscausesgastroenteritisinallagegroups.It
ismorecontagiouscomparedtoRotavirusandisoften
calledaswintervomitingbug.

Ref:http://www.healthline.com/health/viral-

Ans:4

gastroenteritis#Overview1,
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norovirus

Explanation:TheprotocolofDNAfootprintinginvolves
oneoftheendstobelabelledsothatafterdigestion
withDNaseIthedistancefromtheendcanbeobserved
byautoradiography.Butofweincorporatelabelbynick
translation,thiswillallowthelabeltopresentacross
thelengthoftheDNAtobeanalyzedandwecannot
accuratelydeterminedthelengthoftheDNAfragments

Ref:
http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2013/5/pdb.prot074
328.short

Ans:3

Explanation:Inthequestiontakingpathlengthas1cm.
A=ecl.Thecombinedextinctioncoeffneedstobe
consideredwhicise=etrp*no.oftrp+etyr*no.of
tyr.Inthequestionsincebothtyrandtrpare1each.So
thecombinedmolarextinctioncoeffissimplythesum
ofbothi.e3000+1500=4500.Puttingvaluesineqn,
0.90=4500*cx1;c=0.90/4500=0.0002Mor0.2mM

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Ans:1
Explanation:Inpunctuatedequilibriumthespeciesdo
notevolveforalongperiodoftimeandwouldevolve
veryrapidlyforashortperiodoftime.

Ans:4

Ref:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punctuated_equilibrium

Explanation:Asthemeanremainssamebutthe
variancedecreasesandhencethisisanexampleof
stabilizingselection

Ref:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stabilizing_selection

Ans:2

Ans:1

Explanation:Thehearingcapabilitiesofelephantis
superiorcomparedtohumanbeings.Theyuseinfra
sonicsmorefrequentlyforhearing.theydetectsounds
aslowas14to16hz(humanlowrange:20hz)andas
highas12,000hz(humanhighrange:20,000)

Explanation:OnlyBasidiomycoteshaveseptatehyphae
whichreproduceasexuallybybudding,conidiaand
fragmentation.e.g.yeast.Inzygomycetes,hyphaeis
asepatate.Itonlyformsseptawheregametesare
formedortowalloffdeadhyphae.Chytridsisalsoa
groupoffungiwhichareasepatateandtheyreproduce
throughzoospores.TheGlomeromycotahavegenerally
coenocytic(occasionallysparselyseptate)myceliaand
reproduceasexuallythroughblasticdevelopmentofthe
hyphaltiptoproducesporescalledGlomerospores).

Ref:http://seaworld.org/animal-info/animalinfobooks/elephants/senses/

Ref:SharmaOPTextbookoffungi,
https://books.google.co.in/books?id=4fcGAZBbZHAC&p
rintsec=frontcover&dq=op+sharma&hl=en&sa=X&ei=x5
OHVee8LIjugS
6ZywCw&ved=0CB0Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=op%20sh
arma&f=false

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Ans:4
Ref:http://www.tutorvista.com/content/biology/biologyiii/animal-kingdom/phylum-echinodermata.php

Ans:1&4
Explanation:Bellshapedisacharacteristicsof
polygenicinheritanceandalmostallthepolygenic
inheritanceiseffectedbyenvironment
Ref:
http://highered.mheducation.com/sites/007246268x/stud
ent_view0/chapter7/index.html

Ans:2

Ans:2
Explanation:Femaleshaveabout3/4similaritywith
theirsisters,however,haveonly1/2similaritieswith
theirdaughters

Explanation:Accordingtothequestion,glycolipids
wouldbefacingthecytosolicsidewhilesphingomyelin
wouldbefacingtheluminalsideofGolgi.Nowasthe
vesiclewouldbebuddingfromtheGolgi,theluminal
portionofGolgiwouldbebecomingtheextracellular
portionoftheplasmamembranewhilethecytoplasmic
portionwouldremainthecytoplasmicportionofplasma
membrane.so,sphingomyelinwouldbefacingthe
extracellularsidebutforglycolipidstofacethe
extracellularside,wewillberequiringflippase.So,
flippasealongwithmembranefusionbetweenvesicle
andplasmamembranewouldbeinvolved.
Ref:Chapter 8.3: The Endoplasmic Reticulum, Page
279, Cell and Molecular Biology by Karp (6th Edition)

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Ans:1

Ans:3

Explanation:Thesurfaceareaoftheraftis35nm2
whichisequalto3500A2.Cholesteroltosphingolipid
ratiois2:1.Soifwehaveyresiduesofsphingolipid
thereare2ymoleculesofcholesterol.Theequationwill
be2y*40+y*60=3500,thisgivesy=25
(sphingolipids)andcholesterolas50

Explanation:Telomeresareendsoflinear
chromosomes.theyarespecificstructuresthatprotect
theinsiderelevantDNAregionfromgettingdigestedby
nucleasesandalsopreventfromchromsomefusions.
plasmidslikepYACsystemusethistechnologyofhaving
telomeresattheendstomaketheplasmidmorestable.
Ref:http://www.els.net/WileyCDA/ElsArticle/refIda0000379.html

Ans:2
Explanation:Polymerizationofmicrotublesisinhibited
bycolcemid,whichinturnwouldinhibitthetransport
ofsecretoryvesicles.

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Ref:IntracellularTraffickingofProteinsbyCliffordJ
Steer,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colcemid

Ans:2

Ans:4

Explanation:PLA2arecommonlyfoundinmammalian
tissuesaswellasinsectandsnakevenom.[2]Venom
frombothsnakesandinsectsislargelycomposedof
melittin,whichisastimulantofPLA2.Duetothe
increasedpresenceandactivityofPLA2resultingfroma
snakeorinsectbite,arachidonicacidisreleasedfrom
thephospholipidmembranedisproportionately.Asa
result,inflammationandpainoccuratthesite.

Explanation:OnceprimasehascreatedtheRNA
primer,Polstartsreplicationelongatingtheprimer
with~20nucleotides.[18]Duetotheirhighprocessivity,
PolandPoltakeovertheleadingandlaggingstrand
synthesisfromPolrespectively.

Ref:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phospholipase_A2

Ref:https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=DNA_polymerase

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Ans:4
Explanation:OptionAiscorrectasorthodoxseedsare
longlivedseeds.theycanbesuccessfullydriedto
moisturecontentsaslowas5%withoutinjury.OptionC
andDarealsocorrectasprecociousgerminationis
definedasthatkindofgerminationwhereintheseed
germinateswithoutundergoingallthefourstagesof
germination,i.e.,globular,heartshape,torpedoshape,
andcotyledonarystage.ABAisknowntoinhibit
precociousgermination.OptionBsaysthatdormant
seedswouldgerminateuponrehydration.thisis
incorrect.theymightgerminateormightnotas
germinationofseedsisdependentnotonlyonwater
butalsoonoxygenandtemperature.
Ref:https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Germination,
Copelandetal.Principlesofseedscienceand
tecnhnology

Ans:4
Explanation:oxidationofglucoseinvolvesglycolysis
duringwhich2NADHareproducedbytheactionof
glyceraldehyde3dehydrogenase,coversionof
pyruvatetoacetylcoAbyPDHcomplexproduces2
NADH,oxidationofacetylcoAbycitricacidcycle
produces6NADHmoleculesand2FADH2molecules.
Thesereducedcoenzymesareoxidizedbackby
electrontransferchain.
Ref:Ref: Lehninger's Book of biochemistry Chapter no.
14, 16 and 19

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theyarecentredaround158C.Thereforegraphb
seemsmoreappropriate
Ref:
http://www.cryst.bbk.ac.uk/PPS2/projects/day/TDayDiss/
HBonds.html

Ans:
Explanation:

Ans:1

Ref:

Ans:1
Explanation:Ithasbeenobservedthat90%ofNHO
bondsinproteinsliebetween140and180,andthat

18

Explanation:P1hasgenotypeOcI+Z,thisstraineven
thoughtheoperatorcarriesconstitutivemutation
phenotype,willstillnotresultinbetagalproductionas
thestructuralgenesZisdefective.StrainP2phenotype
isO+IZ+,hererepressorisdefective,sothiswillresult
inconstitutiveexpressionofbetagalasthereisno
activerepressortoblocktheoperatorregion.
MerodiploidwillberepresentedasOcI+Z/O+IZ+.
Here,LacIisatransactingfactor,sointhemerodiploid
strain,whichhasbothI+andIcopy,willessentially
behaveasI+.HoweverOperatorisacisactingfactorso
merodiploidOc/O+willbehaveasO+asfunctionalZ
geneispresentonO+chromosome.Thereforethe
expressionofbetagalwillbeinducible.
http://dwb4.unl.edu/Chem/CHEM869N/CHEM869NLinks
/www.acsu.buffalo.edu/~jbarnard/LacOperonII.html

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Ans:2

Ans:1
Explanation:breastcancercategorizedasER+veare
morepronetodistantreccurenceandareassociated
withdormancy.ThemaincausebeingCellsthatare
chemoresistantgetdisseminatedtolungsinducethe
expressionofPeriostin(POSTN)infibroblasts,which
reciprocallyincreasesWNTsignalingandpromotes
tumorinitiatingpotentialandtumoroutgrowth.
Similarly,lungmicrometastasescanalsoproduce
tenascinC(TNC),anECMprotein,thatfacilitates
maintenanceoftumorinitiatingpotentialbyactivating
WNTandNotchpathwaysincancercells.

Explanation:CalculateKcatforeachoftheproteinas
Vmax/Proteinconcentration.Kmiscalculatedfromthe
graphassubstrateconcatwhich1/2Vmaxisobtained.
thisvalueforalltheproteincomestobe1uM.Sothe
CatalyticefficiencydependsonKcatalone.
Ref:ForproteinA:Kcat=20/1=20;ForproteinB:Kcat
=30/4=7.5;ForproteinC:Kcat=12.5/2=6.25;So
catalyticeffciencyisintheordera>b>c

Ref:
http://clincancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/19/23/6389.
full

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Ans:3
Explanation:Transcriptionterminationineukaryotesis
lessunderstoodbutinvolvescleavageofthenew
transcriptfollowedbytemplateindependentaddition
ofadeninesatitsnew3'end,inaprocesscalled
polyadenylation.WhentheRNAiscleaved,
polyadenylationstarts,catalysedbypolyadenylate
polymerase.Polyadenylatepolymerasebuildsthe
poly(A)tailbyaddingadenosinemonophosphateunits
fromadenosinetriphosphatetotheRNA,cleavingoff
pyrophosphate
Ref:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcription_(genetics),
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyadenylation

Ans:3
Explanation:RNAeditingthroughtheadditionand
deletionofuracilhasbeenfoundinkinetoplastsfrom
themitochondriaofTrypanosomabruceThe
mechanismoftheeditosomeinvolvesan
endonucleolyticcutatthemismatchpointbetweenthe
guideRNAandtheuneditedtranscript.Thenextstepis
catalyzedbyoneoftheenzymesinthecomplex,a
terminalUtransferase,whichaddsUsfromUTPatthe
3endofthemRNA.HereUisfoundinthestretches
dispersedalongthesequence,sodeaminationofC
resultinginUwillalsohappen.Furthertranssplicing
follwedbydemainationcouldresultinsequenceswhich
doesn'tmatchgenomicDNA.
Ref:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA_editing,
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trans-splicing

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Ans:3

Ans:1
Explanation:viralloadwillbeincreasedinthetest
groupbecauseofknockoutofchemokinereceptors.
Plusduetofurtheradditionofproinflammatory
cytokinesandHIVviralloadwillfurtherincrease.Inthe
controlgroup,viralloadwillbecomparitivelylessdue
topresenceofchemokinereceptors.

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Explanation:Undersuchspecificconditionsin
microorganismsduringstationaryphasethereis
presenceof100Sribosomewhichdonothave
translationalactivitybutformationofsuchribosomes
requiresspecificproteins
Ref:http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.13652443.2009.01364.x/full

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Ans:2
Explanation:TFIIH,havehelicaseandATPaseactivities
andhelpcreatethetranscriptionbubble,andTFIIHis
involvedinnucleotideexcisionrepair.
Ref:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcription_factor_II_H

Ans:3
Explanation:Sinceallthevulvalprecursorcellsare
underthecontrolofanchorcell.soifanchorcellis
removedthenitwouldresultinnovulvaformation.
Also,signalsfromhypodermiswouldbeinhibitingthe
developmentofprimaryandsecondaryvulva.However,
thesesignalsareovercomedbythesignalsfromanchor
cell(LIN3)
Ref:
https://books.google.co.in/books?id=WbO6BwAAQBAJ&
pg=PA252&lpg=PA252&dq=a+constitutive+fate+from+h
ypodermis+inhibits+the+development+of+both+primary+
and+secondary+fates&source=bl&ots=9nIjfsSVMS&sig=
LtfnaLKk8lKs6YIeHuHpnTbQfw4&hl=en&sa=X&ei=P4O
GVczrN8emuQTcoo2YCg&ved=0CB0Q6AEwAA#v=one
page&q=a%20constitutive%20fate%20from%20hypoder
mis%20inhibits%20the%20development%20of%20both
%20primary%20and%20secondary%20fates&f=false

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Ans:2
Explanation:Sincecohesionismutated,thereforesister
chromatidwillnotbejoinedtogetherandhence
improperreductiondivisioninmeiosiswillresultinto
lowviabilityoftetrads

Ans:3
Explanation:As B, C, and D are involved in the steps of
nitogen fixation
Ref: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nod_factor

Ans:4

Explanation:Thefrequencydependsupontheorderof
thegenes.MostfrequentLeu+argmetfollowedby
leu+arg+metandleastfrequentleu+arg+met+
Ref:Figure8.15:Page214.PierceBenjamin

Ans:2

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Explanation:Winglessisexpressedintheposterior
regionofeachsegmentorintheanteriorportionof
eachparasegment.IfRNAiofwinglessispresentthenit
willnotallowwinglesstobeexpressedbecauseof
whichtheposteriorcompartmentofeachfuture
segmentwillgetaffected.

Ans:1

Ans:2
Explanation:Connexonsaregapjunctionproteins.Gap
junctionsareaspecializedintercellularconnection
betweenamultitudeofanimalcelltypes.Theydirectly
connectthecytoplasmoftwocells,whichallows
variousmolecules,ionsandelectricalimpulsesto
directlypassthrougharegulatedgatebetweencells.So
whentheinhibiorPisadded,gapjunctionsarenot
properlyformed,thustheproteinPcannotmove
betweenthecells

Explanation:Till4cellstage,sincethecellscontainpart
oftheanimalandvegetalaxis,therefore,ifisolatedthey
wouldbegivingrisetotheentireembryo.However,at
the8cellstage,sincetheblastomereshavebeen
formedasaresultofequationaldivision,therebythe
animalandvegetalexisgetsdivided.Sothese
blastomereswouldnotbeabletogiverisetotheintact
pluteuslarvae.
Ref:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK9968/

Ref:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gap_junction,
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connexin

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Explanation:Pyruvatedehydrogenaseisinhibitedwhen
thefollowingratiosareincreased:NADH/NAD+and
acetylCoA/CoA.
Ref:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyruvate_dehydrogenase_c
omplex,
http://watcut.uwaterloo.ca/webnotes/Metabolism/pdhReg
ulation.html

Ans:1
Explanation:Inpicture1.nocellularsignallingis
involved,Itdepictscellularmigrationvia
polymerisationofactinfilamentsalongtheleadingend
ofthecell
Ref:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_migration,
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK9961/

Ans:4

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page&q=sister%20chromatids%20are%20held%20toget
her%20by%20condensins%20and%20attached%20to%
20each%20other%20only%20at%20the%20centromere
&f=false

Ans:3
Ref:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingression_(biology)

Ans:
Explanation:

Ans:2
Explanation:ThecellscannotentertheMphase
becauseoftheinhibitionofcdk1phosphorylation.At
thisstagesisterchromatidswillbeheldtogetherby
cohesinsthroughtthelengthofthechromosome.
Ref:
https://books.google.co.in/books?id=a2YdBQAAQBAJ&p
g=PA212&lpg=PA212&dq=sister+chromatids+are+held+
together+by+condensins+and+attached+to+each+other
+only+at+the+centromere&source=bl&ots=wo82Yv1Cf&sig=3gzyO00T3jqQzgMBwr_561Wirw&hl=en&sa=X&ei=b5GVebSDJepuwTSk7ioBA&ved=0CFgQ6AEwCQ#v=one

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Ans:1

Ans:4

Explanation:Aisaprotein,BishaptenandCisadjuvant.
HenceinfirstgraphthereisnoantiAproduction.inthe
secondgraphtheadjuvanthasenhancedthe
immunogenicityofB(hapten)andthereisincreased
antbodyproduction.Inthethirdgraphthereishapten
proteinconjugationplusenhancedimmunogenicity
whenadministeredwithanadjuvant.Hencetherein
productionofmoreofantiBcomparedtoantiA

Explanation:PhytochromeCisnotthemostprominent
photoreceptorofredlight.InriceandArabidopsis,
PHYTOCHROMEC(PHYC)requiresotherphytochromes
forstabilityandfunction.optionDisfalse,asFarred
lightispreceivedbyphyA.StatementsAandCaretrue.
Ref:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptochrome,
http://www.pnas.org/content/111/28/10037

Ref:https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Hapten,

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Ans:2
Explanation:Nonreducingsugarsarelesslikelytoreact
withothersubstancesalongtheway.
Sucrosecanbeuploadedbyeithersymplasticand
apoplasticroute
Route:mesophyllcells>phloemparenchyma
>companion>sieve
Transportisviapressureflowmodel
Ref:
https://books.google.co.in/books?id=e8BxM8FOTv8C&p
g=PA97&lpg=PA97&dq=sucrose+uploading&source=bl&
ots=j2J6PbgqhB&sig=xMDzs-d1feyiDmXWJnOSLGqN64&hl=en&sa=X&ei=l5SGVeW1L4
mNuASGj6bQDQ&ved=0CB4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q
=sucrose%20uploading&f=false

Ans:3
Explanation:Astheparentshaveonlyoneband
thereforeF1willhavethealllelesintrans.The
recombinantsare10(5+5)/Thereforedistance=10cM

Ans:3

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Explanation:Pheopytin>QA>QB>b6f>PC>P700
P700>PQ>FeSx>FeSA>FeSB>FD
Ref:Figure 7.21: Page 125. Taiz and Zinger

Ans:4
Ans:4
Explanation:Changesin2,3BPGconcentrationarenot
relatedtobiochemicalchangesduringphysical
excercise.ItonlydecreasestheoxygenaffnityofHbat
highaltitudes.Metaboliteslikelacticacidthat
accumulateafterexcercisetheydecreasethepHthus
leadingtodecreaseinaffinityofHbtooxygen(right
shift).ThusthestatementDisalsoincorrectasitsays
thataccumulationofmetabolitesleadtoincreasein
affinityofHbtooxygen
Ref:
http://ceaccp.oxfordjournals.org/content/4/6/185.full.pdf,
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2FBF00511232

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Explanation:Recessiveepistasisratiois9:3:4,moreover
inchisquaredtestweassumenullhypothesistobe
true.Nullhypothesiswillbethatplantswithredand
whitefruitswilloccurin1:1ratio.Whileinterpretingthe
results,Ifthecalculatedchisquaredislessthanthe
criticalvalueweacceptthenullhypothesis.Onlywhen
thisvalueisgreaterwerejectit.Inthequestion,
ObservedChisqvalueislessthanthecriticalvalueso
weacceptthenullhypothesis.ThereforestatementsB
andDaretrue
Ref:
http://www.ndsu.edu/pubweb/~mcclean/plsc431/mendel/
mendel4.htm, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chisquared_test

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Ans:1
Explanation:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loktak_Lake
https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Nanda_Devi_National_Par
k
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajaji_National_Park

AnS:2
Explanation:Sincetheglomerulusisnegatively
charged,therefore,fractionalclearanceofcationinc
dextranswouldbemoreascomparedtothefractional
clearanceofneutraldextranswhichshouldbetheof
thesamemolecularsize.WithincreaseinStokesRadius
orthemolecularsize,thefractionalclearancekeepson
decreasinggradually.Hence,thisisjustifiedbygraph2.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Chambal_Sanctua
ry

Ref:
https://www.google.co.in/search?q=the+fractional+cleara
nce+of+cationic+and+neutral+dextrans+from+kidney&bi
w=1137&bih=752&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ei=IK
yGVbiFE86VuATv3IL4Bg&ved=0CAYQ_AUoAQ&dpr=0.
9#imgrc=m5LJZ2fzb5FblM%253A%3BswP4yps_qBZ54
M%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fd6igaq6njxgjh.cloudfront
.net%252Fcontent%252Fphysrev%252F88%252F2%25
2F451%252FF11.large.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252F
physrev.physiology.org%252Fcontent%252F88%252F2
%252F451%3B1280%3B770
Chapter 26: Urine Formation by the Kidneys, Page 317,
Textbook of Medical Physiology by Guyton (11th Edition)

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Ans:4

Ans:3
Explanation:StatementCisfalse.Plantwould
accumulatealargeramountofsoluteinit'scellrather
thanrelasing.

Explanation:Somatichybridizationwouldcause,other
wiseheterozygousindividualtotransforminto
homozygousandhencepatchesofmutantscellsand
homozygouswildtype.Someofthetissuemightendup
withonlyonekindofallelesandhencewouldcause
tissuespecificexpressionoftheallele.

Ref:
https://books.google.co.in/books?id=zDIaumF3MCYC&p
g=PA153&lpg=PA153&dq=plant+cells+tend+to+release
+solute+during+osmotic+stress&source=bl&ots=7GoPx2I6k&sig=rxIj3EjneB0zkAQiG8sF4asytxA&hl=en&sa=X
&ei=1Z2GVZzFK8ifugTA2ZHgBg&ved=0CCIQ6AEwAA#
v=onepage&q=plant%20cells%20tend%20to%20release
%20solute%20during%20osmotic%20stress&f=false

Ans:3

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Explanation:CouldnotbeXlinkedrecessiveasforthe
traittoappearindaughter,ithastobepresentin
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father.
Couldnotbeautosomalrecessiveasthetraitisbecuase
ofrarealleleandpersoncomingfromoutsidethefamily
wouldnothavetheallele(maleinthesecond
generatioe)andhencehisoffspringwouldnothavethe
trait,whichisnotthecase.
Autosomaldominantwithincompletepenetrance,can
explainthepedigree.thefemaleinthefirstgeneration
wouldbeheterozygousandshewouldpassthis
dominantalleletoherdaughter,butthetraitisnot
seenbecauseofincompletepenetrance.Inthenext
generationitwouldbeagainexpressed.

supplementation-2157-7536.S12-003.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3327826/

Ans:1
Explanation:androstenedioneissynthesizedfrom
cholesterolwhichinturngetsconvertedtoestroneor
estradioldirectlyorgetsconvertedtotestosteronefirst
andthentoestradiol.SinceLHRispresentonTheca
InternacellsandFSHRonGranulosacells.Therefore,
option1wouldbecorrect.
Ref:http://lsresearch.thomsonreuters.com/maps/849/
http://omicsonline.org/estradiol-synthesis-andmetabolism-and-risk-of-ovarian-cancer-in-older-womentaking-prescribed-or-plant-derived-estrogen-

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Ans:1
Explanation:StatementsA,BandEarecorrect.Based
ontheMspIIdigestionprofile,wecanobservethatthe
motherisnormalphenotype(sinceshehasbothactive
restrictionsiteclearfromthebandpattern),fatherisa
carrier(sincethedigestionprofileshowsthepresence
ofbandscorespondingtobothpresenceaswellas
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Biotecnika|CSIRNETAnswerKeysJune 2015
absenceofthesiteheterozygousfortheRFLPallele),
Son(I)isexpressingthephenotypesoheisthe
proband.Son(II)againhasnormalphenotype.Daughter
alsoisacarrierfortheRFLPallele.

Explanation:soundlocaliztionistheabilityofan
induvidualtotofirstlocatetheoriginofsound.Henceit
dependsontimebetweenthearrivalofstimulusin2
earsastheearclosertothesoundsourcepercievesit
earliercomparedtotheother.Atthesametimeth
phasealsoplaysaroleinsoundlocalization.when
soundcomesfromonesidetheearontheotherside
percievesthesoundshadow.thetuningcurvesof
auditorynerveshelpinsensingsoundbutnot
localizationandthetuningcurvesofauditorynerves
havemanyoverlaps.henceoptioncisfalse.The
superiorolivatirynucleusandtheauditorycortexplaya
roleinsoundlocalizationhenceoptionDisalsowrong

Ans:1
Explanation:Onlyoakshaveflowersandrest3dont
haveanyflowers.Fernsarepeteridophytes,pineisa
gymnospermandhornwortisabryophyte

Ans:3
Ref:https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Aardvark,
https://books.google.co.in/books?id=4abcBwAAQBAJ&
pg=PA739&lpg=PA739&dq=opposite+thumbs,+forward
+facing+eye+well+developed+cerebral+cortex,+omnivor
ous&source=bl&ots=hN7618F2rv&sig=CCBSlve4ayMOc9
Pkvko
FaD9jVM&hl=en&sa=X&ei=QcCGVfvdJMSjugTzrbL4Bw&
ved=0CDgQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=opposite%20thum

Ans:4

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bs%2C%20forward%20facing%20eye%20well%20develo
ped%20cerebral%20cortex%2C%20omnivorous&f=false,
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eventoed_ungulate

Ans:4
Explanation:transcriptionfactorsanderythropoitin
secretionandcytochromeoxidaselevelsandmyoglobin
contentareelevatedinhypoxia.henceCanddare
wrong
Ref:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11035279,
http://jeb.biologists.org/content/215/5/806.full

Ans:3
Explanation:IncaseofA,asboththespeciesare
negativelyaffectedsoitwouldbecompetition.InB,one
ofthespeciesisbenefittedanotherspeciesisnegatively
affectedsoitisatypeofpredation.InC,boththe
speciesarepositivelyaffected,soitismutualism.InD,
oneofthespeciesisnegativelyaffectedwhileotheris
notaffectedatallsothiswouldbeammensalism

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Ans:1

Explanation:Sinceendothermslosemuchoftheir
energyasheatandinrespiration,thereforetheywould
behavinglowdigestionandecologicalefficiencyas
comparedwithectotherms.Thisisbecauseectotherms
donotneedtomaintaintheirbodytemperaturethus
theywouldbemoreefficientinderivingmaximum
benefitfromtheconsumedfood
Ref:https://books.google.co.in/books?id=EwPwPHDMYsC&pg=PA175&lpg=PA175&dq=assimilation+and+ecol
ogical+efficiency+of+endotherms+and+ectotherms&sour
ce=bl&ots=AIFyH6cPYU&sig=qlv_BsweGmEIU39yCW_
L6SXYR_Q&hl=en&sa=X&ei=BnKGVbSMMpSIuwSTlYK
QBQ&ved=0CCgQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=assimilation
%20and%20ecological%20efficiency%20of%20endother
ms%20and%20ectotherms&f=false

Ans:
Explanation:

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Ans:1

Ans:2
Explanation:Speciesrichnessishighestinareaof
intermediatedisturbances.Thisisbecausevery
frequentdisturbanceeliminatessensitivespecies,
whereasveryinfrequentdisturbanceallowstimefor
superiorcompetitorstoeliminatespeciesthatcannot
compete.Hence,alltheotherstatementsarecorrect
exceptforstatementC.
Ref:
http://www.biology.uco.edu/personalpages/CButler/BI
O3543/lectures/Week_10_Thursday.pdf

http://www.eoearth.org/view/article/156216/

Explanation:ShannonDiversityindex=summationof
(pi)x(lnpi)
pi=No.oforganismsinaspecies/Totalno.of
organismsofallthespecies

Community1
piofA=25/100=0.25
SamewouldbethepiofB,CandD
ShannonDiversityIndexforCommunity1=4x(0.25)x
(1.4)=1.4

Community2
piofA=80/100=0.8
piofB=5/100=0.05
piofC=5/100=0.05
piofD=10/100=0.1
ShannonDiversityIndexofCommunity2=(0.8)x(
0.2)+2x(0.05)x(3.)+(0.10)(2.3)=0.69

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Ans:1
Explanation:Lymedisease,alsoknownasLyme
borreliosis,isaninfectiousdiseasecausedbybacteriaof
theBorreliatype.H.pyloricauseschronicgastritis,
Typhusfeversarecausedbytherickettsiaebacteriaand
transmittedbyarthropod.Scarletfeverfrom
streptococcuspyogenes
Ref:
https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Lyme_disease,
http://www.healthline.com/health/gastritis
chronic#Causes2,
http://www.healthline.com/health/typhus#Overview1,
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scarlet_fever

Ans:
Explanation:

Ans:1

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Explanation:InexperimentI,boththepigeonswillbe
abletofindtherightdirectiononbasisofsunlight.While
insecondexperimentthecontrolgroupwillbeableto
findthedirectionbyusingmagneticfieldwhilethetest
onewillnot.

Ans:1
Ans:1

Explanation:Rselectedspecieshavesmallerbodysize,
reproduceonlyonceintheirlifetimeproducingmany
offsprings(semelparousreproduction)anddevelop
rapidly

Explanation:tracheidschiefwaterconductingelement
ingymnosperms,vesselelementsarechiefwater
conductingelementinangiosperms,Sievecellisthe
foodconductingelementingymnospermsandSieve
tubeelementisthefoodconductingelementin
angiosperms

Ref:PartVII:PopulationEcology,Page510,Biologyby
Raven(6thEdition)

Ref:
https://books.google.co.in/books?id=kGYdBQAAQBAJ&
pg=PA557&dq=chief+water+conducting+elements+in+g
ymnosperms&hl=en&sa=X&ei=nbiGVd_WCsa9ugTZ14P
wDQ&ved=0CBwQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=chief%20wa
ter%20conducting%20elements%20in%20gymnosperms
&f=false

Ans:3
Explanation:rB>C.HereC=30andr=0.25(forstep
siblings)
SoB>30/0.25orB>120

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Explanation:FrequencyofA=homozygousfrequency
+1/2*heterozygous
=0.59+1/2(0.16)=0.67.Frequencyof'a'=10.67=0.33

Ans:4
Explanation:CrustaceaisaclassofArthropoda.
Hominidaeisafamily.Dermapteraisanorderin
Arthropoda.CtenophoraisaphylumwhileArchaeisa
Domain
Ref:
https://www.google.co.in/?gfe_rd=cr&ei=RGaGVYX5N4v
C8gezvKsI&gws_rd=ssl#q=dermaptera
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hominidae
https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Crustacean
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ctenophora
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/archaea/archaea.html

Ans:
Explanation:

Ans:3
Ans:3

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Explanation:TheprocedureisforWesternblotting:C
ABD

Ans:3
Explanation:Inbreeding causes decrease in growth rate,
fecundity, and survival
Ref:
http://www.fao.org/docrep/006/x3840e/X3840E07.htm

Ans:3
Explanation:CreLoxrecombinationisknownasasite
specificrecombinasetechnology,andiswidelyusedto
carryoutdeletions,insertions,translocationsand
inversionsatspecificsitesintheDNAofcells.The
systemconsistsofasingleenzyme,Crerecombinase,
thatrecombinesapairofshorttargetsequencescalled
theLoxsequences.PlacingLoxsequencesappropriately
allowsgenestobeactivated,repressed,orexchanged
forothergenes
Ref:http://cre.jax.org/introduction.html

Ans:2
Explanation:PTMsonserinecanbeeither
phosphorylationorglycosylationamongthe4options
given.UbiquitinationoccursonLysineandADP
ribsoylationoccursonArginine.Amongphosphorylation
orglycosylation,bothwillcauseincreaseinmolecular
weightleadingtoaslowlymovingprotein.However,
phosphorylationacbringaboutchangeintheisoelectric
pointoftheproteinasphosphorylgroupisacharged
moleculeandthuswillaffecttheionizationofthe
protein.
Ref:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post
translational_modification

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Ans:3
Explanation:Sincethecellswereresistanttoganciclovir
thismeansthattheregionofDNAconstructbetween
thehomologyregionswillnotcarryTKgene(thymidine
kinase).ThisisbecausegancicloviralongwithTKisa
suicidalcombination.TKconvertsitintoatoxicproduct
thatisgenerallyusedforeleminationofTK+cells.But
theknockoutmicewasresistanttoitsoitmeansitdid
notcarryaTKgenes.ThesecellsweresensitivetoG418,
thisisanantibioticsimilartogentamicinandresistance
isconferredbyneoresistancegenes.Sincethecells
weresensitivetoG418,sotheregionbetween
homologyalsodoesn'thaveneogene.Sooption3
seemstobetheconstructthatdoesn'tcontaineither
neoorTKgene
Ref:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G418,
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thymidine_kinase

Ans:2
Explanation:morestringentwashingwillremovenon
sepcifichybridizationmainly.Morestringentthewash
is,thepartiallycomplementarysequencewillbepulled
apart.Morestringencyisbroughtaboutbylowsaltand
hightemeperature.theroleofsaltistoshieldthe
negativechargesontheDNAthusstablizingthehybrid.
Ref:
http://www.cliffsnotes.com/sciences/biology/biochemistry
-ii/molecular-cloning-of-dna/dna-hybridization,
https://lifescience.roche.com/shop/PrintView?langId=1&storeId=15016&articleId=66008

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Ans:4
Explanation:Accordingtothequestion,statement1,2
and3allcanbejustified.So,option4wouldbecorrect.

Ans:3
Explanation:
https://books.google.co.in/books?id=4abcBwAAQBAJ&p
g=PA527&lpg=PA527&dq=angiosperm+dominance+incr
eases,+continued+radiation+of+most+present+day+ma
mmalian+order&source=bl&ots=hN7617J5tu&sig=AaGh
hGJjnk6UwfA6pnR22l8_lNQ&hl=en&sa=X&ei=EaqGVY_
2FZeUuASd9LiwCg&ved=0CB0Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&
q=angiosperm%20dominance%20increases%2C%20co
ntinued%20radiation%20of%20most%20present%20day
%20mammalian%20order&f=false

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Explanation:The95%ofthedatawouldbeinbetween
u+2sigmaandu2sigma:
u=200andsigma=24.Thereforenullhypothesiswillbe
rejectedwith95%confidencelimitabove
200+(2*24)=248

Ans:1

Ans:2

Explanation:Improvingresolutionmeanshavinga
lowervalueofD,whichcanbeachievedbylowervalue
oflambdaorhighervalueofN.

Explanation:Auxin2,4DiscriticalforSomatic
embryogenesis,maltoseismoresuccessfulthan
sucrose.

Ref:BookSomaticembryogenesisinwoodyplantsVol
C,Jainetal.2000,
https://books.google.co.in/books?id=HdboCAAAQBAJ&
pg=PA159&lpg=PA159&dq=plant+growth+medium+sucr
ose+%26+maltose&source=bl&ots=zyMWj9_2_a&sig=5
AR8_k8OaZoxfKLtwPFXJ6KWb0&hl=en&sa=X&ei=sdqGV
YKABNSRuASV5L
oCQ&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=plant%20gro
wth%20medium%20sucrose%20%26%20maltose&f=fals
e

Ans:3

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Ans:1
Explanation:SulphonylureasinhibitALS(acetolactate
synthase)bybindingtotheenzyme.Glyphosate'smode
ofactionistoinhibitaplantenzymeinvolvedinthe
synthesisofthearomaticaminoacids
Ref:https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Glyphosate,
http://www.jstor.org/stable/4045526?seq=1#page_sca
n_tab_contents

Ans:4
Explanation:SinceincaseofRetrovirus,geneforFactor
IXwouldbeintegratedinnondividingcells,therefore,
thesewillkeeponexpressingFactorIX.InAdeno
associatedvirus,thegeneforFactorIXisintegratedin
nondividingcellssoitwouldbeexpressedforthetime
tillnondividingcellssurvive.Inadenovirus,thegenefor
FactorIXisnotintegratedandonlytransfectedinboth
dividingandnondividingcells,sotheywouldbe
showingonlyatransientexpressionoffactorIX.

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