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INTRODUCTION
Formal to Informal Greetings and Introductions
First meetings
Formal
Introducing
yourself
How do
Introducing others
you do?
My name
is Mrs
Hand.
Hello,
Lynne
Hand. I'm
the owner
of this
web site.
Mrs
Hand,
may I
introduce
my boss,
Mr Smith.
Responding to an
introduction
Pleased to
Lynne, I'd
like you to
meet John
Smith, our
salesman.
John, this
is Lynne
Hand.
On Leaving
Goodbye. It's
a pleasure to
have met
you.
Goodbye.
Nice to meet
you.
meet you
Mrs Hand.
Pleased to
meet you
Lynne.
Informal
Subsequent meetings
Formal
Possible Greetings
Possible responses
Informal
Note - on first meeting say, "It's nice to meet you", and when departing "It was nice to
meet you".
For future meetings say, "It's nice to see you again", and when departing, "It was nice to
see you again."
Vocabulary:
1. Introduction:
Introducing oneself
-My name is; my full name is, Her name is.; My nick name is..;You can
call me.
-I am from.; I live at.;
-My hobby is.;
-Can/ May I introduce myself? My names.
-Let me introduce myself. My names .
-Id like to introduce myself. Im .
-I dont think weve met. Im .
Introducing someone else
-Can/ May I introduce a good friend of mine? This is .
-Have you met ?
Hi.
Whats up?
Good to see you.
How are things (with you)?
Hows it going?
Hows life been treating you?
3. Closing:
Formal Situation
- Good bye
Responses
good bye
see u later
Conversation I:
Hi, I want to introduce myself in front of you. My name is Rihanna. My nick
name is rinna. I come from the United States of America. I live at Menteng,
Central Jakarta. My hobbies are singing and dancing. I love singing and dancing
because it gives my energy.
Conversation II:
Hi, let me introduce my best friend. Her name is Jennifer lopes. Her nick name is
J.Lo. She is from L.A. now she lives near my house in Menteng, Central Jakarta.
Her hobbies are singing and drawing. We like singing together in the Campus.
Singing is our soul.
Conversation III:
Rina: Hi, How do you do? My name is rina dwi jayanti. You can call me rina
Shin: Hi, How do you do? My nick name is shiny and my full name is shiny noerchan.
Conversation IV:
Follow the dialogue
Mr. Bean meets Mrs. Breuer, one of his students and her husband in the street.
Mr. Bean
: Good morning, Mrs Breuer
Mrs. Breuer : Good morning, Mr Bean. How are you?
Mr. Bean
Mrs. Breuer
Mr. Breuer
Mr. Bean
Mr. Breuer
Mr. Bean
Mrs. Breuer
Mr. Bean
Exercise 1:
1. What is your name?
a. Im Nancy
b. Im from Russia
c. Im a student
2.
3.
How is it going?
a. No problem
b. I am going to school
c. Okay
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
b. C = Chris, F = Frank
C Hello, Chris Evans. Mind if I join you?
F Oh, ____________ not. Frank Richards.
C ____________ to meet you, Frank. So how are you finding the conference so far?
F Actually, Ive only arrived this morning.
C All right. I
c . L = Lin, D = Dan, P = Peter
L Dan! Good to see you again. ____________ are things?
D Hello, Lin. Fine, thanks. Pretty busy, as always, I suppose. Can I introduce you to a
colleague of
____________, Peter Winston? Peter, this is Lin Farrell.
UNIT 2
Expressions: Apologizing, Offering, & Giving Suggestion
A. APOLOGIZING
1. CONVERSATION
Apologize
Shop keeper
: Good morning.
Tim
: Good morning.
Shop keeper
Tim
Shop keeper
Tim
: OK!
Shop keeper
Tim
2. Expression of Apologizing
Apologies
Im sorry
Im very sorry
Im terribly sorry
Excuse me
Pardon me
Its my fault
I apologize
Im afraid
3. EXERCISE
a) Make an apologizing sentence based on the given situation!
1. You broke someones mirror.
2. You lost your friends note.
3. You broke your fathers hand phone.
4. You sit on the wrong seat on a plane.
5. You made a sour cup of coffee for your boss.
b) Pair Work!
Create a conversation with your partner containing the expression of apologizing!
Then practice it in front of the class.
B. OFFERING
1. Conversation Offering help
Diana
Mrs. Brown
: Oh, Yes!
Diana
Mrs. Brown
Diana
these days.
Mrs. Brown
Diana
Mrs. Brown
: Youre welcome.
2. Expressions of offering
Offering help
Accepting an Offer
Yes, please
Yes, of course
Of course I can
water?
Let me
I appreciated that
Thank you
like
salad?
Thanks a lot
Id be glad to . if you d
like
Shall I .?
Would you like me to?
Would you like..?
3. Exercise
a) Make an offering sentence based on the given situation!
1. You see an old woman is carrying a heavy plastic bag.
2. You want to help your friend who is bad at math.
3. You have some foreign tourists in your house as guests.
C. GIVING SUGESSTION
1. Conversation
A sick friend
Giving Suggestion
You'd better....
You could (might)....
I suggest that you....
I recommend that you
You really should....
I strongly advise you to....
My advice is to be careful in doing
business with them.
Accepting Suggestion
That's a good/nice/wonderful idea.
Yeah, sure.
Thank you. I'll try that.
Why didn't I think of that?
I think you're right.
That's sounds good.
Sure. I'll do that.
Rejecting Suggestion
I don't think so.
I tried that, but it didn't work.
Thanks, but that won't help because....
I don't want to do that because....
That's a good idea, but....
I'm afraid I can't do that.
I think it can't solve my problem.
3. Exercise
a) Make a suggestion based on the given situation!
1. Your sister catches a cold.
2. Your friend is quarreling with his girlfriend.
3. Some foreign tourists are visiting Jogja.
4. You reject a suggestion to visit Tamansari.
5. You reject a suggestion to see a dentist.
6. You accept a suggestion to go to Lombok next week.
b) Pair work
Work with a partner then create a short dialogue about giving suggestion and
reply it.
UNIT 3
POLITE& IMPOLITE
What do you think of this?
Kissing in front of others
Making sound while eating
Eat with a pork on the left and knife on the right hand
A man hugs a woman friend
1. Conversation
Tracy
Mark
Tracy
Mark
Tracy
: There were 5 Koreans who were eating a kind of noodle and they ate that
noisily!
Mark
Tracy
Mark
: Oh, Tracy. You should know that for Korean people, making a sound
while eating aims to show that the food is delicious. It also means that
they appreciate the food. It is polite in Korea though.
Tracy
2. Grammar Focus
SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
The pattern :
S + Verb 1 (s/es) Everyday/today
S + dont/doesnt + Verb 1 Everyday/today
Do/Does + S + Verb 1Everyday/today?
QW + Do/does + S + Verb 1.Everyday/today?
3. Exercise
a) Make a (+), (-), and (?) sentence by using these following verbs
Writing, speaking, sewing, discussing, doing, hunting, eating, drinking,
b) Pair work
Work with a partner then make a short dialogue about polite and impolite
UNIT 4
WHATS IN A NAME
Juliet:
"What's in a name? That which we call a rose
By any other name would smell as sweet."
Romeo and Juliet (II, ii, 1-2)
1. Conversation
Tim
Eko
Tim
Eko
Tim
Eko
: Thank you. By the way, which place have you visited before coming to
Jogja?
Tim
: Ive visited Lake Toba 3 days ago. The person who guided me there told
me an amazing story behind the existence of that lake.
Eko
Tim
: She said that Lake Toba could exist because there was a huge volcano
eruption. It was also related to a beautiful goddess of fish who married
to a man. But the man then cheated the goddess.
Eko
2. Grammar Focus
Past Tense
(+) S + Verb 2 Yesterday
(-) S + didnt + Verb 1 ..Yesterday
(?) Did + S + Verb 1..Yesterday?
(?) QW + did + S + Verb 1.Yesterday?
Use the Simple Past to express the idea that an action started and finished at a specific
time in the past. Sometimes, the speaker may not actually mention the specific time, but
they do have one specific time in mind.
Examples:
We use the Simple Past to list a series of completed actions in the past. These actions
happen 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and so on.
Examples:
I finished work, walked to the beach, and found a nice place to swim.
He arrived from the airport at 8:00, checked into the hotel at 9:00, and met the
others at 10:00.
Did you add flour, pour in the milk, and then add the eggs?
The Simple Past can be used with a duration which starts and stops in the past. A duration
is a longer action often indicated by expressions such as: for two years, for five minutes,
all day, all year, etc.
Examples:
The Simple Past can also be used to describe a habit which stopped in the past. It can
have the same meaning as "used to." To make it clear that we are talking about a habit,
we often add expressions such as: always, often, usually, never, when I was a child, when
I was younger, etc.
Examples:
The Simple Past can also be used to describe past facts or generalizations which are no
longer true. As in USE 4 above, this use of the Simple Past is quite similar to the
expression "used to."
Examples:
Exercise 1:
Put the verbs into the correct form (simple past).
1. Last year I (spend).my holiday in Ireland.
2. It (be)..great.
3. I (travel).. around by car with two friends and we (visit)..lots of interesting
places.
4. In the evenings we usually (go). to a pub.
5. One night we even (learn).. some Irish dances.
6. We (be)very lucky with the weather.
7. It (not / rain) a lot.
8. But we (see)some beautiful rainbows.
9. Where (spend / you) your last holiday?
Exercise 2:
Write the past forms of the irregular verbs.
1. feel
2. cost
3. drive
4. catch
5. feed
Exercise 3:
Positive
The ship disappeared.
Negative
Interrogative
not
teach
in
Did the passengers panic?
en. Most names appear to have had some sort of original meaning, usually
descriptive, rather than being simply a pleasing collection of sounds. Early in prehistory
some descriptive names began to be used again and again until they formed a name pool
for that particular culture. Parents would choose names from the pool of existing names
rather than invent new ones for their children. As time went on the language changed and
in many cases the words that formed the original name passed out of use, leaving the
fossilized form in the name. This is why we do not recognize the meanings of many
names today. Their origins are in ancient languages from words that have passed out of
use. For instance, the name Edwin was originally composed of the Old English words
ead, which means "prosperity, fortune, riches" and wine, which means "friend." Both of
these words have passed out of the language in the intervening thousand or so years.
Once upon a time, there was a mouse deer living in a forest. Although he was small,
he wasnt afraid of the other bigger animals who wanted to eat him. He was so smart; he
always managed to ditch them. One day, a tiger was wandering around for food. He
hadn't been eating for days. He was really hungry. While he was walking in the forest, he
saw Mouse Deer. The tiger wanted to eat him. Tiger slowly ducked, crawled, approaching
Mouse Deer, then..."Gotcha!" said Tiger. He caught Mouse Deer. Hello, Mouse Deer!
Im really hungry right now. Youll be my lunch! said Tiger. Mouse Deer didnt want to
be his lunch. He tried to be calm. He looked around and saw some buffalos dung. He had
an idea. Im sorry, Tiger. I cant be your lunch now. The King has ordered me to guard
his cake, said Mouse Deer calmly. His cake? said Tiger curiously. Yes, there it is. Its
very delicious. The King doesnt want anyone else to eat it, so he ordered me to guard it,
Mouse Deer pointed the buffalos dung. Can I taste it? Tiger asked. Of course you
cant. The King would be very angry, said Mouse Deer refused. Just one little bite,
Mouse Deer! The King will never know, said Tiger. Well, okay, Tiger. But first let me
run far away, so the King wont blame me, said Mouse Deer. All right, Mouse deer.
You can go now. Mouse Deer ran quickly out of sight. Tiger then took a big mouthful of
the cake. Phoooey! He spit it out. Yuck, thats not cake. Thats buffalos dung. Tiger
ran through the forest. He caught up with Mouse Deer. Mouse Deer, you tricked me. But
now you will be my lunch. Mouse Deer looked around and saw a wasp nest in a tree.
Im sorry, Tiger. I cant be your lunch now. The King has ordered me to guard his
drum, said Mouse Deer calmly. His drum? said Tiger curiously. Yes, there it is. It has
the best sound in the world. The King doesnt want anyone else to hit it, Mouse Deer
pointed the wasp nest. Can I hit the Kings drum? Tiger asked. Of course you cant.
The King would be very angry, said Mouse Deer refused. Just one little hit, Mouse
Deer! The King will never know, said Tiger. Well, all right, Tiger. But first let me run
far away, so the King wont blame me, said Mouse Deer. All right, Mouse Deer. You
can go now. Mouse Deer ran quickly out of sight. Tiger then reached up and hit the wasp
nest. Bzzzzzzz! Ouchouch! Thats not a drum. That a wasp nests! Tiger ran away.
But the wasps keep following him. He came to the river. He jumped in and stayed
underwater as long as he could. At last the wasps went away. Then he jumped out. He ran
through the forest till he found Mouse Deer. Mouse Deer, you tricked me again. But
now you will be my lunch. Mouse Deer looked around and saw a cobra. The snake was
coiled asleep on the ground. Im sorry, Tiger. I cant be your lunch now. The King has
ordered me to guard his belt, said Mouse Deer calmly. His belt? said Tiger curiously.
Yes. There it is. Its the best belt in the world. The King doesnt want anyone else to
wear it, Mouse Deer pointed the cobra. Can I wear it? Tiger asked. Of course you
cant. The King would be very angry, said Mouse Deer refused. Just for one moment,
Mouse Deer! The King will never know, said Tiger. Well, all right, Tiger. But first let
me run far away, so the King wont blame me, said Mouse Deer. All right, Mouse Deer.
You can go now. Mouse Deer ran quickly out of sight. Tiger then took the snake and
started to warp it around himself. The cobra woke up. It squeezed Tiger and bit him.
SSssssstt! Oouch! Ow! Ooow! Thats not a belt! Thats a cobra! Help! Mouse Deer!
Help! But Mouse Deer was already far away. He laughed aloud. Mouse Deer was safe
from Tiger now.
Exercise 1: write the history of your name and history of your city (folklore, myth, etc).
UNIT 5
SOFT SKILLS
HOW TO MANAGE A GOOD CONVERSATION
1)
Be confident
The other person's energy and enthusiasm is infectious, and makes all the
conversation participants feel confident and comfortable. Projecting confidence is the
key to a good conversation, so don't be shy.
2)
3)
Ask questions
What do they like to do? What sort of things have they done in their lives? What
is happening to them now? What did they do today or last weekend? Identify things
about them that you might be interested in hearing about, and politely ask questions.
Remember, there was a reason that you wanted to talk to them, so obviously there
was something about them that you found interesting. However, try to space out your
questions or they'll feel like you're interrogating them which is very bad and closes off
friendships.
Ask clarifying questions. If the topic seems to be one they are interested in,
ask them to clarify what they think or feel about it. If they are talking about an
4)
Listen
This is the most important part of any conversation. Pay attention to what is being
said. Make acknowledging noises or movements to indicate that you are still
listening. A conversation will go nowhere if you are too busy thinking of anything else,
including what you plan to say next. If you listen well, the other person's statements
will suggest questions for you to ask. Allow the other person to do most of the talking.
They will often not realize that it was they who did most of the talking, and you get
the credit for being a good conversationalist - which of course, you are!
5)
Consider
your
respond
before
disagreeing
If the point was not important, ignore it rather than risk appearing argumentative. On
the other hand, agreeing with everything can kill a conversation just as easily as
disagreeing with everything. When pointing out your difference of opinion, remember
these
points:
Agree with something they said (state common ground) before disagreeing.
Try to omit the word "but" from your conversation when disagreeing, as this
word often puts people on the defensive. Instead, try substituting the word
"and"--it has less of an antagonistic effect.
Playing devil's advocate (pretending to defend the opposite point of view) can
be a good way to keep the conversation going, but if you overuse this
technique, you could end up appearing hostile.
Don't manipulate the talk to serve your own agenda and steam-roll your
counterpart. If you come away from the conversation feeling full of yourself,
you used the occasion to show off your wit and knowledge. Try to keep from
using a conversation to boost your ego.
6)
7)
Remember
that
sometimes
if
8)
Even the best conversations will eventually run out of steam or be ended by an
interruption. Smile if you're leaving, tell them it was nice talking to them, and say
goodbye. Ending on a positive note will leave a good impression.
UNIT 6
KERATON YOGYAKARTA
1. Reading about Keraton Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat.
Kraton Ngayogyakarta/ Ngayogyakarta palace
Ngayogyakarta palace is the official palace or Kraton in Ngayogyakarta
Hadiningrat. It is located in the center of the city of Yogyakarta or just Yogya as the local
people call it. Although the empire has officially become part of the Republic of
Indonesia in 1950, this palace complex of buildings still serve as shelter and household
sultan palace imperial tradition still runs today. This palace is now also one of the
attractions in the city of Yogyakarta. Most of the palace complex is a museum that's a
good collection of the empire, including a variety of gifts from the kings of Europe,
heirloom replica of the palace, and gamelan. In terms of the building, this palace is one
example of Javanese palace architecture at its best, has a luxurious hall and the hall-field
and pavilion area.
Karaton means a place where the Ratu-king lives and the other word is Kedaton,
with the same meaning. In the Javanese teachings, it has a deep philosophical meaning.
Actually Sultan Palace began to be established by the lane I Giyanti few months after the
Agreement in 1755. Location of this is supposedly a former palace of a pesanggarahan
named Garjitawati. This vacation home is used to break the funeral procession of the
kings of Mataram (Kartasura and Surakarta) which will be buried in Imogiri. Another
version says the location of the palace is a fountain, Pacethokan Bannerman, who is in
the middle of the woods Beringan. Before occupying the Sultan Palace, the lane I lived in
Pesanggrahan Ambar Ketawang which now includes the District of Dalkeith Sleman
district.
SKETCH
1. In the old days, Krapyak was a raised brick-stage, used by the sultans to watch
his families and soldiers to hunting deers. Krapyak is located nearby small village,
Mijen - from the word wiji means seed, symbolizing life, soul of human beings
2. Walk northward, through a straight street where on left and right sides grow the
trees of asem becomes sengsem means adorable and tanjung becomes disanjung
means cared. This is symbolizing life of child in a good path : adored and cared
by the parents
3. Arrive at the main entrance (Plengkung) gading depicting the child has become a
teenager, adorable and neatly make-up.
4. At the south square (Alun-alun) in the southern part there are two waringin
(banyan) trees. The name of the trees are WOK abbreviation from the word
BEWOK means beard. In the middle of this south square, there are two other
waringin trees the name are Supit Urang meaning chopsticks of a shrimp,
surrounded by fence in the form of archer's bow, symbolizing the sacred part of
human body. So it must be protected (in the fence). The fence's bow form is
characteristic of a girl and boy.
5. Look around the south square, there are five streets entering the square,
imagining of five human sense. The square is covered by sands, it means that
human life has not been arranged. Other trees grow there namely kweni become
wani (courage) and pakel (adult), meaning the child has become an adult who has
courage to choose the partner
6. Further north, it is the Siti Hinggil (elevated land), surrounded by gayam trees,
symbolizing the youngsters feeling in love, safe and happy. In the middle of Siti
Hinggil (a large open veranda), there is a Selo Gilang (a square elevated stone),
where the Sultan sit when receiving visitors from relatives or subordinates. In that
case, describing a wedding-chair where the young couples sit side by side.
The trees planted here are :
Mangga Cempora, mangga is javanese language for please ; cempora
describes mix.
Soka, imagining pleasure.
Both trees have plenty of red and white colors (symbolizing woman and man
sperm). All these are symbols of a marriage of young adult couple, in a safe,
pleasant and lovable atmosphere, they should make love to produce human beings
7. In the left and right side of Siti Hinggil there are bathroom. The Siti Hinggil
surrounded by a street name Pamengkang, showing the positon when someone is
sitting or lying with separated legs
8. Go further north, there is a yard named : Kemandungan, from the word kandung
(pregnant) and the four trees planted here are :
Pelem becomes gelem, that is the wish comes from both side.
Kepel becomes kempel, unite mentally and physically.
Jambu Dersono, dersono describing to be loved by other people.
Cengkir Gading, a small yellowish coconut tree. The coconut used in the
ceremony when a mother is seven month pregnant.
In the left and right side at this yard, there are street aiming to go out side, this is
imagining the negative influences which could occur during the growth of the
baby in his mother womb
9. Now, passing the Regol (gate) Gadungmlati, arrive in Kemagangan. The road is
narrow in the beginning and then becomes wider and brighter. That means the
baby is safely born, growing to be a man facing his future life. There are kitchen
in this premises, named gebulen and sekullangen, describing that for the child's
growth there are available a lot of food. The street on the left and right side of the
premises are reflecting, the negative factors which could influence the child life.
The child must be educated properly, to the right paths, to the north, to the
Karaton, where the Sultan lives doing his duties. In Karaton he could attain his
goals of life, therefore he has to work diligently, with good and correct manner,
faithful not to break the rules. He must also always remember and serve to God
almighty
10. In Karaton one has to follow the steps taken by the Sultan or Sri Sultan (the title
is usually called by Yogyanese) before and after the ceremony of Grebeg in the
north of Siti Hinggil (organized three times in a year, explaination of Grebeg
follows in other articles). Sri Sultan steps out from Sri Manganti gate, facing the
bangsal (hall) Ponconiti, ponco means five senses ; niti means to inspect. The yard
is called Kamandungan (collect), planted with trees of Tanjung, Kepel (unite),
Cengkir Gading - yellow coconut (the holy color of God). That's mean that Sri
Sultan has to concentrate his five senses and mind because he is going to worship
the holy God
11. He is entering the gate (Regol) Brojonolo (brojo means weapon; nala means
heart) and sees a stone wall. "Renteng mentog baturana" (renteng means worry;
baturana means stone divider) which describes that Sri Sultan should not be
worried to implement a just government. There is a tree - Jambu Tlampok Arum
(Arum means fragrant), meaning "Speak always nicely, so your name will be
famous all over the world".
12. Sri Sultan is now in North of Siti Hinggil, in the south, four trees of kemuning
(ning - clear), then he steps to bangsal Witono (a seat in heaven) could also
means begin. That is imagining "clear your thoughts and begin to pray"
13. The place have to be arranged by two subordinates by names of Wignya (clever),
and Derma (destiny), symbolizing " You should be clever to sit in your throne as
you are destined to represent God Almighty to rule your people"
14. Bangsal (hall) Manguntur Tangkil : a high place to worship God. The Bangsal
Manguntur Tangkil is located inside the Bangsal Witono, this is describing that
inside the body, there is soul or life spirit. Sri Sultan is ready to meditate (samadi)
the gamelan (Javanese musical instruments) by the name Kyai Monggang is
played slowly and rhythmically following his breathing in meditation. The
meditator has to arrange his breathing and concentrate solemnly by closing the
nine holes of his body
15. In front of Siti Hinggil, there are Tarub Ageng (great, glory) and pagelaran, in
the old days it was a place for the Patih (king's chief-minister) and other
subordinates to wait before meeting Sri Sultan for audience. Gelar here means
bright. That's describing that anybody who is meditating, submitting his/her life
totally to the hands of God is in a great and bright path, as a gift from God
16. Alun-alun (the North Square) with the two waringin trees are a comparison with
someone's experience in samadi. He/she is feeling calmly and happily, as if he/she
is a twin, microcosmos unite macrocosmos. He /she has to go on with the samadi,
avoiding temptations
17. Go further north, there are :
Beringharjo Market : symbolizing temptations and obstacles during samadi, in
the market there are plenty of delicious foods, jewels, luxurious things, beautiful
women and handsome men.
Kepatihan : is the office of the patih, the sultan's chief-officer. It's a place where
power is executed ; rank, promotion of officers are decided and finance is
arranged.
Tugu :
Pillar, symbolizing the acceptance of samadi. If the
meditator could reach tugu safely, he could reject the
temptations of usual world desire and lust. Such as
material wealth, high ranking position, delicious foods and
drinks, a lust toward opposite sex and more over he/she
always does good and correct thinking and conducts, by
God blessing, the meditator could attain his goal in
samadi, the Javanese says : in a position of
"Manunggaling kawulo Gusti", manunggal means unity;
kawulo means servant, human beings; Gusti means God.
So, manunggaling kawulo Gusti means "The spiritual
unity of the man and God, the creature and creator".
Everything could be happened by the wish of God
Almighty.
18. The above explains the philosophical meaning of Karaton Yogyakarta. It is worth
to note that daily situation in the Karaton is alive. The Karaton is attended by
dignified and elderly retainers wearing traditional Javanese dress
19. Now Sri Sultan is heading back to the palace, through Kemandungan yard, where
some keben (shut) trees grow, meaning 'shut your eyes and ears, as you should be
ready to go to die (to another world)
20. He is greeted by his wife and children, and two young ministers in Sri Manganti
Hall, offering some drinks. This is depicting two angels are ready to show him the
way as in accordance with Al-Qur'an
21. Bangsal Trajumas which stands in front of Sri Manganti, means "You must know
what is right and wrong. Don't think anymore of anything in this earth, your wife
and family, you are leaving them"
22. In the south, there is a building called 'Purworetno' meaning "We must always
remember where do we come from"
23. He passes the gate Donopratopo, means "A good man always gives something to
others voluntarily and he is able to erase lust"
24. The two statues of giants, the one has a good manner, the second is a bad giant.
Showing "You must be able to differentiate, God and evil"
25. Sri Sultan goes to Bangsal Kencono (Golden Pavilion), describing the unity of
human beings and God
26. Then, he enters the pavilion Praba Yeksa. Praba means light, bright. Yeksa
means big. In this pavilion there is a lamp which is always burning. According to
ancient belief, the travel to eternal life is following a light.
27. Next to Prabayekso is gedong Kuning (yellow house), symbolizing the home of
the peaceful spirits in heaven
3. Present Perfect tense, so, be in passive voice: has been or have been.
Example: Human life has not been arranged by them.
UNIT 7
Tamansari-The Royal Water Castle
Tamansari was established in 1758 based on the idea of Hamengku Buwono I, Raden
Ronggo Prawirosentiko (Regnt of Madiun) as the architect, and Demang Tegis ( a Portuguese) as
the structural expert.
There are some elements which influenced the complex architectures of Tamansari. They
are Hindu and Buddha, Java and Islam, China, Portuguese, and European style. It can be seen in
some parts of Tamansari.
Tamansari has two main gates, which are: Gapuro Agung (The Great Gate-in the west)
and Gapuro Panggung (in the east-which now is used as the entrance to Tamansari). The form of
the gates is very beautiful which uses the original Javanese style. The motif of the gates is very
detailed made, such as the stiles made from tendrils of plants, birds tails, and eagles wings.
1. Conversation
Endah
Nate
Endah
: Yes, Im surprised to see you here too. What are you doing here in
Tamansari?
I thought you have visited this water castle yesterday.
Nate
: Yes, I have. But I want to visit once more with my Australian friends.
Guys, this is Endah, my Indonesian friend.
Endah
Nate
Endah
: Im guiding other tourists here. Look, they are taking some pictures
over there.
Nate
: I see.
Endah
2. Grammar Focus
3. Exercise
a) Make a sentence based on each word given!
Take a bath
surround
Shampoo
build
Wash
rule
Walk
close
See
open
b) Pair work
Work with a partner and then make a short dialogue about Tamansari. It should
use present continuous tense.
UNIT 8
Prambanan Temple
The beautiful Prambanan temple was built in the 10 th sentury in the reign of two big kings, Rakai
Pikatan and rakai Balitung. It is 47 meters high show the glorious time of Hindu in Java. Prambanan temple
is 17 kilometers away from Jogjakarta, precisely in Klaten.
There is a famous folk tale about Prambanan temple. Once upon a time, there was a man named
Bandung Bondowoso who loved the beautiful Roro Jonggrang. However, she didnt love Bandung
Bondowoso at all. Therefore, when Bandung Bondowo proposed Roro Jonggrang, she asked him to build a
temple with 1000 statues within a night. That request was nearly completed before Roro JOnggrang cheated
Bandung Bondowoso. She made noisy sound in the dawn to wake up the chicken. She also set fire to make
a morning-like situation. Bandung Bondowoso, at that time, had reached the 999 th statue. Knowing that Roro
Jonggrang were cheating him, he cursed Roro Jonggrang to be the 1000th statue.
Prambanan temple has 3 main temples, which are Wisnu temple, Brahma temple, and Syiwa temple
which stand in the main yard. Those 3 temples represent Trimurti (3 important gods) in Hindu. Those
temples are facing the east. Each main temple has a companion temple which faces toward the west.
Nandini temple is the accompanies Syiwa temple, Angsa for Brahma, and Garuda for Wisnu. Moreover,
there are still a lot of small temples surrounding those 3 bog temples. Meanwhile, in the second yard, it has
224 other temples.
1. Grammar Focus
PREPOSITION
In
On
At
For
Of
To
With
After
Before
Under
Above
Beneath
As
Etc.
2. Exercise
a) Work with a partner and then pretend as if one of you are a guide and the
other is a foreign tourist. You are visiting Prambanan temple now.