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INTRODUCTION
WAAREE has been manufacturing thermowells for over 10 years and has gained an expertise
that is unsurpassed in the industry. Waaree offers thermowells in a large variety of connections, bore
sizes, stem lengths and materials, including special materials, for all applications.
Thermowells :
Thermowells are used to provide an isolation between a temperature sensor and the
environment, either liquid, gas or slurry. Thermowells protect temperature sensors, including RTDs &
Thermocouples, from the high pressure & corrosive media. They are also used to isolate the temperature
sensors from the service line for repair or replacement.
Types :
Thermowells are closed-end tubes that are available in four different designsA) Straight type designs, which have the largest amount of surface area, do not call for extra machining and
are cost effective. They also represent the most common thermowell design.
B) Straight reduced tip shank thermowells, in comparison to straight type thermowells, provide smoother
speeds around the barrel because they have less surface area.
C) Tapered & partial tapered shank thermowells provide increased sensitivity and have the lowest surface
area of all other designs.
Selection :
Important factors to keep in mind when selecting a thermowell are stem length, bore diameter,
lagging extensions and the thickness of the matter in which the thermowell is rested. The tip thickness
is the distance between the bore and the end of the well. Bore diameter is the size of the opening that
the probe will be put in. Lagging extensions take into consideration the pipe fittings, insulation and walls
that the sensor will go through. Finally, the length from the connection to the bore represents the
Insertion length. The pressure-temperature ratings and selection of suitable thermowell material as
per the requirement of process media has to be taken care while selection.
The Product Images Shown Inside the Catalogue are for Reference Purpose Only, the Original Product May Differ
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3/16"=4.76 mm
A
d
L
fn = Kf / L
E/
(Equation 1)
Dimension
where fn = Natural frequency of the wall at use temperature, cycles per second
A (minimum)
B (minimum)
d (minimum)
d (maximum)
fw = 2.64*V/B
(Equation 2)
10-1/2
16
24
2.09
2.09
2.09
2.47
2.47
2.47
3.06
3.07
3.07
3.46
3.47
3.48
4.06
4.08
4.09
(Equation 3)
The maximum length that a thermometer well can be made for a given
service is dependent upon both vibratory and steady stste stress. The
necessity for keeping the frequency ratio at 0.8 or less imposes one
limitation on maximum length. The other limitation is one of steady state
stress considerations, as given by the following equation:
Lmax = K2/V
(S-K3Po)/1+ FM
(Equation 5)
P= K1S
(Equation 4)
where
Lmax = Maximum values of L (as shown in Figure 1.1) for a given service, in.
II
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THERMOWELLS
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THERMOWELL TERMINOLOGY
Process Connection
External means to connect thermowell to process system. Wells can be threaded, bolted (to
matching flange), clamped, or welded in place.
Instrument Connection
U Length
Length of thermowell immersed into process system. Measured from the base of the process
connection to the end tip of the well.
H Extension Length
Also called lagging extension. Extends length between the instrument and process
Connections to accommodate vessel or piping insulation.
G Minor Diameter
Also called tip diameter. Diameter of thermowell shank at the end tip of the thermowell. This
dimension may vary with process connection and/or shank design.
F Major Diameter
Also called root diameter. Diameter of thermowell shank below the process connection.
This dimension may vary with process connection and/or shank design.
D Bore Diameter
Dimension of internal bore to match the diameter of the instrument inserted into the
thermowell.
Also called reduced tip. The shank O.D. is reduced at the end of the U dimension
from the standard root diameter.
Straight Shank
Tapered Shank
Shank O.D. is gradually reduced from the root diameter (F Major Diameter) to the tip diameter
(G Minor Diameter). The tapered shank is recommended for heavy duty applications
characterized by high vibration, pressure, temperature, and/or velocity.
III
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THERMOWELLS
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TABLE 1.1
SELECTION TABLE FOR HEAD SIZE & CONNECTION
T HERMOWELL
INST UMENT
CONNECT ION
3/8"(F)
BSP, NPT , PF, R, G &
BSPT
1/2"(F)
BSP, NPT , PF, R, G &
BSPT
25
25
30
36
25
25
30
36
28
28
30
36
28
28
30
36
3/4"(F)
BSP, NPT , PF, R, G &
BSPT
32
32
32
36
32
32
34
36
34
34
34
36
34
34
34
36
The data provided above is just for reference purpose. Waaree does not guarantee for its accuracy & correctness.
However user has to refer the relevant standards to select the material.
IV
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Thermowell Material
Type 304, Hastelloy C, Monel
Type 316, Ha stelloy C, Monel
Type 430, Hast elloy C, Monel
Type 304
Types 304, 316 SS
Chemical Application
Thermowell Material
Formaldehyde
Formic acid, 5%, 21 to 66C
Freon
Gallic acid, 5%,21 to 66C
Gasoline, 21C
Glucose, 21C
Glycerine, 21C
Glycerol
Hydrobromic acid, 98%, 100C
Hydrochloric acid
1%, 5% 21C
1%, 5% 100C
Type 316 SS
25%, 21 to 100C
Hydrofluoric acid, 60%, 100C
Hydrogen peroxide, 21 to 100C
Hastelloy C, Monel
Types 316 SS, 304 SS
Monel, Hastelloy C
Type 316 SS
Iodine, 21C
Tantalum
Nichrome Hastelloy C
Monel
Tantalum, Monel
Type 304 SS
Type 304 SS
Monel
Type 304 SS
Lactic acid
5%, 21C
5%, 66C
10%, 100C
Magnesium chloride
5%, 21C
5%, 100C
Magnesium sulphate, hot and
cold
Muriatic acid, 21C
Naptha, 21C
Natural gas, 21C
Nickel chloride, 21C
Nickel sulphate, hot and cold
Nitric acid
5%, 21C
20% 21C
Type 304 SS
Type 304 SS, Hastelloy C
Type 316 SS, Hastelloy C
Type 316 SS
2017-T4 aluminum, Monel, nickel
Type 316 SS, Monel
Hastelloy C
Type 316 SS, Hastelloy C (all
concentrations)
Copper nitrate
Copper sulphate
Cresols
Cyanogen gas
Dow therm
Ether
Ethyl acetate
Ethyl chloride, 21C
Ethyl sulphate, 21C
Ferric chloride, 5%, 21C to boiling
Type 304 SS
Type 304 SS
15%, 100C
Concentrated, 100C
Hastelloy B
Type 316 SS
Citric acid
15%, 21C
Hastelloy C
Hastelloy B
50% 21C
50% 100C
65% 100C
Type 316 SS
Concentrated, 21C
Concentrated, 100C
Nitrobenzene, 21C
Oleic acid, 21C
Oleum, 21C
Oxalic acid
5% hot and cold
10%, 100C
Oxygen 21C
Palmitic acid
Pentane
Tantalum
Type 304 SS
Type 316 SS
Type 316 SS
Type 304 SS
Monel
Steel
Type 316 SS
Type 340 SS
The data provided above is just for reference purpose. Waaree does not guarantee for its accuracy & correctness.
However user has to refer the relevant standards to select the material.
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Thermowell Material
Type 304 SS
Type 304 SS
Type 304 SS
Type 304 SS
Toluene
Turpentine
Whiskey and wine
Xylene
Zinc chloride
Zinc sulphate
5% 21C
Saturated 21C
25% 100C
Chemical Application
Phosphoric acid
1%, 5%, 21C
10%, 21C
10%, 100C
30%, 21 to 100C
85%, 21 to 100C
Picric acid, 21C
Potassium bromide, 21C
Potassium carbonate, 1%, 21C
Potassium chlorate, 21C
Potassium hydroxide
5% 21C
25% 100C
60% 100C
Potassium nitrate
5%, 21C
5%, 100C
Thermowell Material
Type 304 SS,
Type 316 SS
Hastelloy C
Hastelloy B
Hastelloy B
Type 304 SS
Type 316 SS
Types 304 SS, 316 SS
Type 304 SS
Type 304 SS
Type 304 SS
Type 316 SS
Type 316 SS
Types 304 SS, 316 SS
Type 304 SS
Type 316 SS
Hastelloy B, 316 SS
Hastelloy B
Hastelloy B
Hastelloy B
Hastelloy D
Type 304 SS, Hastelloy B
Type 304 SS
Type 316 SS
2017-T4 aluminium, low carbon
steel
Types 304 SS 316 SS
Type 304 SS, nickel
Copper
Monel
Types 304 SS, 316 SS
Types 304 SS, 316 SS
Types 304 SS, 316 SS
Type 304 SS
Types 304 SS, 316 SS
Types 304 SS, 316 SS
Type 316 SS
Type 316 SS, Monel
Monel
Types 304 S, 316 SS, Hastelloy C
Type 316 SS, Hastelloy C
Type 316 SS
Type 304 SS
Types 304 SS, 316 SS
Type 316 SS
The data provided above is just for reference purpose. Waaree does not guarantee for its accuracy & correctness.
However user has to refer the relevant standards to select the material.
VI
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Thermowell Material
Application
Cement
Exit flues
Kilns, heating zone
Ceramic
Kiln
Dryers
Vitreous enamel ling
Paper
Digesters
Glass
Fore hearths and feeders
Lehrs
Tanks Roof and wall
Flues and checkers
Petroleum
Stove dome
Inconel 600
De-waxing
Inconel 600
Towers
Stove trunk
Black steel
Transfer lines
Black steel
Inconel 600, Type 446 SS
Black steel, Type 446 SS
Inconel 600, Type 446 SS
Ceramic*
Type 446 SS
Nickel (CP)
Type 446 SS
Ceramic*
Factioning column
Thermowell Material
Inconel 600, Type 446 SS
Inconel 600
Ceramic, and silicon carbide
Silicon carbide, black steel
Inconel 600, Type 446 SS
Type 316 SS, Type 446S
Platinum thimble
Black steel
Ceramic
Inconel 600, Type 446 SS
Types 304, 310, 316, 321, 347 SS, carbon
steel
Types 304, 310, 316, 321, 347 SS, carbon
steel
Types 304, 310, 316, 321, 347 SS, carbon
steel
Types 304, 310, 316, 321, 347 SS, carbon
steel
Types 304, 310, 316, 321, 347 SS, carbon
steel
Open hearth
Bridgewall
Power
Coal-air mixtures
Flue gases
304 SS
Black steel, Type 446 SS
Pre-heaters
Steel lines
Water lines
Boiler tubes
Gas producers
Producer gas
Water gas
Carburetor
Superheater
Tar stills
Incinerators
Up to 1093C
Over 1093C
Food
Type 446 SS
Inconel 600, Type 446 SS
Inconel 600, Type 446 SS
Low carbon steels
Inconel 600, Type 446 SS
Ceramic (primary) Hexoloy (secondary)*
Baking Ovens
Slack Steel
Charretort, Sugar
Vegetables and fruit
Slack Steel
Type 304 SS
The data provided above is just for reference purpose. Waaree does not guarantee for its accuracy & correctness.
However user has to refer the relevant standards to select the material.
VII
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