Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
mortality, although the reasons for these findings were not clear.[8] In part
based on this retrospective finding, many centres use hypertonic saline in
boluses, similar to mannitol, rather than in continuous infusions. Continuous
hypertonic saline does not appear to lead to more complicationssuch as
venous thrombosis, renal failure or infectionthan does normal saline. [9] Most
studies comparing various modes of administering hypertonic saline are
selective or retrospective and pertain only to patients with traumatic brain
injury, making generalisation difficult
Lactate increases blood viscosity, mimics stress, causes inflammation, and contributes to shock. Lactated
Ringers solution contributes to the tissue damage caused by shock, when its used to resuscitate shock
victims (Deree, et al., 2007, 2008): it contributes to the inflammatory processes associated with shock, unlike
the use of hypertonic saline and other solutions. Lactate contributes to diabetes, inhibiting the ability to
oxidize glucose. It promotes endothelial cell migration and leakiness, with increased vascular permeability
factor (VPF or vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF) (Nagy, et al. 1985): this can lead to breakdown of
the blood-brain barrier. -Ray Peat, PhD
Lactated Ringers solution: A salt solution that has been used to increase blood volume in treating shock; the
lactate was apparently chosen as a buffer in place of bicarbonate as a matter of convenience rather than
physiology. This solution is toxic, partly because it contains the form of lactate produced by bacteria, but our
own lactate, at higher concentrations, produces the same sorts of toxic effect, damaging mitochondria.
Estrogenic phytotoxins damage mitochondria, kill brain cells; tofu is associated with dementia. -Ray Peat,
PhD
When a person has an accident, or surgery, and goes into shock, the degree of lactic acidema is recognized
as an indicator of the severity of the problem. Lactated Ringers solution has been commonly used to treat
these people, to restore their blood pressure. But when prompt treatment with lactated Ringers solution has
been compared with no early treatment at all, the patients who are not rescuscitated do better than those
who got the early treatment. And when Ringers lactate has been compared with various other solutions,
synthetic starch solutions, synthetic hemoglobin polymer solution, or simply a concentrated solution of
sodium chloride, those who received the lactate solution did least well. For example, of 8 animals treated
with another solution, 8 survived, while among 8 treated with Ringers lactate, 6 died. -Ray Peat, PhD
Pathophysiology
Maintaining alertness requires intact function of the cerebral
hemispheres and preservation of arousal mechanisms in the reticular
activating system (RASalso known as the ascending arousal system)
an extensive network of nuclei and interconnecting fibers in the upper
pons, midbrain, and posterior diencephalon. Therefore, the mechanism