STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS

SECTION

V~7

MISCELLANEOUS CONCRETE STRUCTURES

De~cription

507.01

Miscellaneous Qoncrete structures shall be as indicated on the Drawings , as specified herein and
as directed by t ~ e Engineer.
The work included herein provides for construction of miscellaneous concrete structures such as
median barriers', concrete parapets, concrete headwalls, concrete walks , concrete block work and
similar concret~ items, all in accordance with these Standard Specifications , as indicated and
detailed on the Drawings, as specified in the Particular Specifications and as directed by the
Engineer.
The Class of cqncrete to be used for each type of structure shall be as indicated on the Drawings,
as specified hetein or in the Particular Specifications. Structure excavation and backfill shall meet
the requiremen~s of Section II , Earthwork and all related Sections.

507.02

COr)crete Barriers

a. General. Reinforced concrete median barriers and side barriers at roadways and on
structure shall be constructed as indicated on the Drawings, as specified herein and as
direct:ed by the Engineer.
b. Materials . All concrete and reinforcement steel shall comply with the requirements
unde~ Section V, Concrete Works , of these Standard Specifications . The Class of
condete at barriers shall be as indicated on the Drawings, as included in the Bills of
Quan:tities or as specified in the Particular Specifications.
c. Construction . Forms shall be smooth and tight fitting which can be held rigidly to line
and ~. rade during placing of concrete and which can be readily removed without injuring
the g een concrete. All form detail work shall comply with the requirements as specified
in al applicable Sections under Section V, Concrete Works, of these Standard
Specifications. The barriers shall be complete with the concrete base or foundations in
the bprriers to receive roadway light poles as indicated on the Drawings.
At the option of the Contractor, concrete median and side barriers may be precast in
secticpns not exceeding 6.0 metres. The method of casting, handling and placing barrier
sections shall be as approved and directed by the Engineer. Shop drawings complete
with petails of any reinforcement required in precast barriers to facilitate handling shall
be p~epared by the Contractor and submitted to the Engineer for approval.
Barri~r

contraction joints , as detailed on the Drawings, shall be placed at intervals not to

exceed 6.0 metres , except as directed by the Engineer. Preformed joint filler and sealer
shall comply with the requirements for expansion joints as specified herein , and
styrofoam backup rods shall be as detailed for precast barrier joints.

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Unles$ otherwise indicated on the Drawings or specified in the Particular Specifications,

concr~te median barriers and side barriers shall be constructed in straight line
segm~nts.

In ad9ition to the requirements indicated on the Drawings and specified herein , all
concrete barriers on superstructures (bridge decks) and approach slabs shall be
constructed with cast-in-situ concrete after the deck has been placed in accordance with
Claus~ 503 .11, Placing Concrete for Bridge Decks, of Section V, Concrete Works, of
these Standard Specifications Further, the concrete barriers on structures shall not be
place~ on the superstructure (bridge deck) until the complete superstructure is in place
and all post-tensioning has been completed.
All cohcrete barriers shall be constructed to the lines, shapes , dimensions, profiles and
detail~ indicated on the Drawings. The use of slip forms for barriers will not be permitted
by the Engineer.
Conctete pavement, cap or slab between concrete barriers shall be Class K140
concrete.

507.03

Concrete Parapets

a. GeneJal. Reinforced concrete parapets shall be constructed as indicated on the

Drawings , as specified herein and as directed by the Engineer.
b. Materials. All concrete and reinforcement steel shall comply with the requirements under
Sectibn V, Concrete Works, of these Standard Specifications. The Class of concrete at
paraRets shall be as indicated on the Drawings, as included in the Bills of Quantities or
as specified in the Particular Specifications.
c. Construction. Forms shall be smooth and tight fitting which can be held rigidly to line
and grade during plaCing of concrete and which can be readily removed without injuring
the green concrete. All form detail work shall comply with the requirements specified in
all applicable Sections under Section V, Concrete Works, of these Standard
Spec,ifications. The parapets shall be complete with the concrete surface ornamental
pattern as indicated on the Drawings.
In addition to the requirements indicated on the Drawings and specified herein, all
concrete parapets on superstructures (bridge decks) and approach slabs shall be
cons ructed with cast-in-situ concrete after the deck has been placed in accordance with
Clause 503.11 , Placing Concrete for Bridge Decks, of Section V, Concrete Works, of the
Stan9ard Specifications Further, the concrete parapets on structures shall not be placed
on tHe superstructure (bridge deck) until the complete superstructure is in place and all
post1tensioning has been completed. All concrete parapets shall be constructed to the
lines i shapes, dimensions, profiles and details indicated on the Drawings. The use of slip
forms for parapets will not be permitted by the Engineer.

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507.04

CO'1crete Block Work

a.

Description. Concrete block work shall be as specified in these Standard Specifications,

as ind,icated on the Drawings, as required and as directed by the Engineer.

b.

Concnete Blocks. Concrete blocks shall be hard, durable, sound, clean with sharp, well
defined edges and free from any cracks, flaws or other defects. They shall comply with
the reRuirements listed herein.
Requirements For Concrete Blocks
Requirements

1. Dimensions
a. Height, cm
b. Length, cm
c. Width , cm

2.

Values

(20 or 25) 1%
)
(30 or 40) 1%
(10,15 or 20) 1%

~
Compressive Strength at 28 Days
Over gross sectional area :
a. For bearing walls
(i) Average of 12 blocks, kg/cm2
(ii) Minimum for anyone block kg/cm2
b. For non bearing walls
(iii) Average of 12 blocks , kg/cm2
(iv) Minimum for anyone block kg/cm2

60
50
30
25

3. Water Absorption
d. Maximum: for bearing walls, % of dry weight
e. Maximum: for non bearing walls, % of dry
weight

14
20

Sampling and testing of concrete blocks shall be in accordance with ASTM C140/C140M .
c. Mortar. All mortar shall consist of one part masonry cement to three parts loose sand
comdlying with the following requirements :
1. Sand complying with ASTM C144, gradation and colouring suitable for the type of
masonry and as approved by the Engineer.
2. Masonry cement complying with ASTM C91/C91 M, Type II , colouring suitable for
the type of masonry and as approved by the Engineer.
3. Water complying with Clause 501 .06, Water for Concrete Mixes and Curing, of
these Standard Specifications.
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d.

Joint~einforcement.

Truss design, center rods crimped to form drip for cavity wall ties
only, galvanized, fabricated from cold drawn steel wire complying with ASTM
A1064/A1064M , minimum 4.8 mm diameter deformed side rods with weld connection
4.8 m1m diameter cross rods 41 cm O.C. Width shall be 5 cm less than wall thickness.
Side rods shall be lapped at least 15 cm at splices. Include prefabricated corners and
tee s~ctions.

e. Construction . Mortar shall have an average 28-day compressive strength of 52 kg/cm2.

Propqrtion of materials, water retention , workability and related requirements shall be
such pS to produce the specified strength. The Contractor shall have the mortar mix
approved by the Engineer before commencing Work. Mortar shall be mixed in a power
mixer for a period of not less than 5 minutes after all materials have been placed in the
mixerj After the initial mixing, the mortar shall be kept tempered; add water as required ,
so thflt the mortar will contain the maximum amount of water consistent with good
workability.
The i~stallation of all masonry work shall be performed by skilled workmen. Any cutting ,
fitting l repairing or finishing of concrete, metal or carpentry work that may be required to
accommodate the masonry construction shall be performed by craftsmen skilled in their
respe:ctive trades. The Contractor shall build in all grounds , inverts , iron frames,
brackets, nailers , and similar built-in items. He shall verify that all of these items are
prop~rly set and secure and report to the Engineer any improper work before
proce~ding.

Lay dut walls in advance of laying masonry units for accurate spacing of bond pattern
with ~niform joint widths and to properly locate openings, movement-type joints, returns
and qffsets. All masonry shall be laid in straight, level courses , on a full bed of mortar,
with uniform full slushed mortar joints . Coursing of masonry shall be based upon
mod Jlar coordination with the standard mortar joint thickness. Coursing shall be worked
out td avoid pieces less than 20 cm long .
Except where otherwise indicated on the Drawings or directed by the Engineer, lay
masqnry units in running bond with vertical joints in each course centered on units in the
cour~e below. Lay up walls plumb and true with courses level, accurately spaced and
coorqinated with other work. Lay units with full mortar beds on horizontal and vertical
face ~hells ; also bed webs in mortar in starting courses and where adjacent to cavities
that are to be filled with mortar. Make joints uniform, approximately 9.5 mm wide and cut
flush, except where a painted finish is required . Bond each course at corners and
inters.ections .
All m!3sonry shall be laid to a line , care being taken to build all walls plumb and straight
and in level courses. Where necessary to build portions of masonry to higher levels than
adjaqent portions, masonry shall be racked back. Toothing of masonry will not be
permitted by the Engineer under any circumstances.

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All face mortar joints shall be tooled and retooled . Masonry shall be extended up tight
to str4ctural parts. All lintels shall be set in a full bed of mortar.
Concrlete masonry units which are to be exposed shall be properly fitted , using a motor
driver, carborundum mason's saw for all cutting work. Workmanship shall be similar to
that for structural facing tile. Joints shall be tooled, and after initial set, retooled . Use
uniform thickness concrete masonry units for all partition work . Do all necessary cutting
to accommodate installation of electrical outlets, conduits, plumbing fixtures , pipes ,
brack~ts , and accessories. Provide recesses for built-in equipment and other items .
Before cleaning of masonry surfaces , the joints of all exposed masonry not required to
be ra hed and caulked shall be pointed and all holes and joints filled with mortar. All
defective joints shall be cut out and repointed where necessary.
After tepointing and before raked joints are caulked , the exposed surfaces of all masonry
shall ,be thoroughly cleaned , free from dirt, mortar stains and grease spots. Cleaning
shall pe performed with soap powder boiled in clean water, applied vigorously with stiff
fibre ~ rushes to the masonry, adding clean , sharp, fine, white sand to soap water mixture
wher~ necessary. After scrubbing, all surfaces shall be drenched with clean water. Use
of sandblast, wire brushes , or acid of any kind will not be permitted under any
circumstances for the cleaning of masonry.
f. Painting . Where required , concrete block work shall be painted in compliance with the
requirements of the Particular Specifications .

507.05

Steps

a. General. Steps , ramps, or other grade adjustment type concrete works shall be
constructed where final sidewalk grades are too low or too high to match existing plot
entri~s , building floor levels or other existing paving or sidewalk areas . When required,
each site shall be designed site specific by the Contractor, and shown in plan and
secti9ns on the shop drawings for approval by the Engineer. This item covers any
concqete work required to match paved pedestrian areas to existing pedestrian areas
and/dr other features that require some type of concrete grade adjustment structure
such las steps, ramps , barriers or low retaining walls .
Altho1ugh each site is to be designed site specific, steps shall be maintained as close as
possIble to the ideal dimensions of 30 cm tread width to 15 cm rise , with the tread
sloping down 12.5% from inner to outer edges, and the riser sloping inwards 14.3% from
top t<1' bottom. The edges of the steps should also be rounded 1.5 cm and provided with
a noh-slip surface by lightly brooming the finished tread surface lengthwise, all as
appr<;>ved by the Engineer. Steps, ramps and other concrete grade adjustment works
shall be reinforced with minimum shrinkage and cracking reinforcement, or to the
reinf~rcement percentage required for structural load bearing capacity as per ACI codes,
as r~uired , and approved by the Engineer.

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b. Mater/als. All concrete and reinforcing steel shall comply with the requirements under
Secti9n V, Concrete Works, of these Standard Specifications. The class of concrete
shall pe K250. Reinforcement shall be Grade 60, epoxy coated rebar or welded wire
mesh . Concrete surface sealant shall meet the requirements of Section 508.04 ,
Waterproofing Membrane, Type B, of these Standard Specifications.
c. Const'ruction. All steps, ramps and other concrete works under this item shall be cast-in
situ . Forms shall be smooth and tight fitting which can be held rigidly to line and grade
during placing of concrete, and which can be readily removed without injuring the green
concr~te. All form detail work shall comply with the requirement as specified in all
applicable sections under Section V, Concrete Works, of these Standard Specifications.
Expansion/contraction joints shall be placed in all concrete sections larger than 3 metres
in anyone direction , and between existing concrete works and the new concrete. Where
steps and ramps abut existing concrete grade structures, the new concrete shall be tied
to th~ existing concrete by shear dowels drilled and epoxied into the existing concrete
face (to be used where the possibility of excessive load transfers may exist or where the
found~tion for the steps or ramps is of marginal support capability).
The tread surfaces of steps and ramps shall be finished with at least two passes of a
trowe to a smooth, even finish , then roughed up for a non-slip surface by lightly
"broo\'ning" 90 degrees to the travel axis of the ramp or steps with a wet straw broom.
The f~ces of step risers, sidewalls and fronts of barriers and retaining walls shall receive
a Cla~s 2, Rubbed Finish. In some instances the steps or ramp treads may be faced with
QuarljY Tiles , in which case the tread shall be finished to a level surface with the Quarry
Tiles Igrouted into place as per the requirements of Section 506.04, Quarry Tiles , of
these, Standard Specifications. The exposed surfaces of all steps, ramps and other
concrete grade adjustment structures shall be protected by a clear penetrating epoxy
sealart as per the requirements of Section 508.04 Waterproofing Membrane, Type B, of
these: Standard Specifications .

507.06 Duct End Walls

a. General.

The ends of contingency utility ducts shall terminate in a cast-in-situ

cantil~vered concrete retaining wall (duct end wall) whose purpose is to help protect the
road'v'l"ay , sidewalk, kerbs and other works over the ducts from damage due to
excavation to open-up the end of the ducts for utility placement at some future date. The
duct ~nd walls shall be constructed at the locations and to the details as shown on the
drawings , and as approved by the Engineer.
b. Materials. All concrete and reinforcing steel for duct end walls shall comply with the
requi tements under Section V, Concrete Works, of these Standard Specifications.
Blinding concrete shall be class K140 concrete. The structural end wall concrete shall be
Clas$ K335. Reinforcement shall be Grade 60, epoxy coated rebar. Waterproofing
Memprane Type A and asphalt hardboard protection shall meet the requirements of
Sectipn 508.03 , Waterproofing Membrane, Type A, of these Standard Specifications.
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concrte from the surface of the utility marker and that the top of the end wall is left
equal Ito a Class 2 rubbed type finish.
Prior to backfilling, the duct end wall concrete shall be allowed to cure to 7-day concrete
strength, the ducts cleaned and the contingency utility duct pipe ends capped and
seale~. After final approval by the Engineer, the end wall shall be backfilled with load
beari~g borrow material. The backfill shall be compacted as specified for placement of
load ~earing borrows materials, in equal height lifts on each side of the end wall such
that ureven pressure is not exerted on the wall from either side.
Me~surement and Payment

507.07

a. General. Measurement and payment for miscellaneous concrete structures will be as

described in and included in the Bills of Quantities. The work included under each Item
for miscellaneous
concrete structures as included in the Bills of Quantities shall include
I
all Wprks required to complete that Item as indicated on the Drawings, as specified
herein and as directed by the Engineer.
Wher~ miscellaneous concrete structures are indicated on the Drawings or required to

complete the Works and no specific Item is enumerated in the Bills of Quantities, the
ContrFlctor shall include such miscellaneous concrete structures. Such works shall be
considered as a subsidiary obligation to the Items in the Bills of Quantities.
b. Concrete Barriers . Measurement for concrete barriers off structures, on bridge
supe~tructures (bridge decks), approach slabs, and on wingwalls or other structures will
be m~asured by the linear metre and such measurement will include the full length of
barrier transitions.
Payment for the Items, Concrete Barriers, (of the various types and locations as
described in the Bills of Quantities) will be made at the rate per linear metre included in
the Bj//s of Quantities, which rate shall be considered as full compensation for providing
all la~our, materials, tools, equipment and appurtenances and performing all work
requited for construction of the concrete barriers as indicated on the Drawings and as
specified herein.
The nates for the various types and locations of concrete barriers shall also include all
barri~r reinforcing steel. No separate payment will be made by the Department for
materials or work required for the respective concrete barrier.
Concrete barrier transitions as indicated on the Drawings will be measured and paid for
at th~ same rate as the adjacent respective type and location of concrete barrier as
inclu~ed in the Bills of Quantities.
No s~parate measurement or payment will be made by the Department for Class K140
concrete cap or slab between concrete barriers, foundations, haunching or painting of
the qarriers. Such work shall be considered a subsidiary obligation to the items for
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~J~~
A8U Ot\~ Clt' ~CINLl r ...
~

..........

STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS

Clear penetrating epoxy sealant shall meet the requirements of Section 508 .04,
Membrane , Type B, Clause b. , Materials, paragraph 6, of these Standard
Specifications. Coal tar epoxy protective coatings shall meet the requirements of Section
601 .08 , Materials for Surface Drainage Structures , of these Standard Specifications .
Duct pipe extending through the headwall shall meet the appropriate pipe requirements
for the various types and sizes of contingency utility ducts as otherwise specified in
these Standard Specifications . End caps for the contingency utility ducts shall be
comrrjercially manufactured of materials similar to the respective contingency utility duct
pipe material and sized to match the belled joint end of the duct pipe, utilizing a rubber
gaske,ted seal, meeting the requirements as otherwise specified for pipe joints for the
respective contingency utility duct pipe material type. Each cap shall have a pulling
handl~ and attachment for a wire pulling rope where applicable for electrical and
telepHone ducts. Smaller PVC ducts (20 cm diameter and smaller) , as an option to the
gask ~ted cap, may utilize a tight fitting PVC cap that can be inserted into the bell end of
a typi~al PVC bonded type pipe joint fitting which is sealed with a liberal application of
silico ~ e sealer. All contingency utility duct pipe end caps shall be of quality suitable for
long t~rm buried conditions which makes the duct water tight.
Wate ~proofing

c. Construction . Each duct end wall shall be designed site specific by the Contractor and
showfil in plan and sections on the shop drawings, which shall conform to the typical
details and locations shown on the tender drawings, or as otherwise approved by the
Engin ~er .

I
Excavation
, dewatering , construction and backfilling for duct end walls shall meet the
I
appliopble construction requirements for surface drainage structures as detailed in
Section VI-4 , Construction of Surface Drainage Structures and Other Related Works, of
these Standard Specifications. Forms shall be smooth and tight fitting which can be held
rigidlYI to line and grade during placing of concrete and which can be readily removed
witho ~ t injuring the green concrete . The duct end wall base slab shall be placed in
conjUi"lction with the contingency utility duct construction such that the contingency utility
duct pipe can be placed true to grade with the capped bell end of the duct pipe installed
flush Y"ith the face of the end wall. The contingency utility duct pipe shall be fixed and
held securely in position such that it is not displaced during the duct end wall concrete
placement. The backfilled back-side surface of the duct end wall and base slab shall be
proteted with waterproofing membrane type A. The backfilled front surface (side that
may De excavated for utility placement at some future date) of the duct end wall shall be
prote~ted with a coal tar epoxy coating . Exposed portions of the duct end wall surfaces
along the top shall be protected with a clear penetrating epoxy sealant.
The t6p of the duct end wall shall be formed and finished to a Class 2, rubbed finish to
matc ~ the particular kerb or top configuration as per each site's requirements as shown
on the drawings and approved by the Engineer. The appropriate utility markers shall be
installed in the top of the duct end wall on the centerline of the matching duct type,
imme~iately after troweling smooth the freshly placed concrete. The utility marker shall
be pushed into the wet concrete, on duct and end wall width centerlines , such that the
markEjlr is flush with the surface of the end wall. Care shall be taken to remove any wet
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concr$te barriers.
No s~parate measurement or payment will be made by the Department for bases of
foundr,tions for light poles. Such work shall be considered a subsidiary obligation to the
items Ifor concrete barriers.
c.

Conc ~ete Parapets. Measurement for concrete parapets on structures, on bridge

superstructures (bridge decks) , approach slabs and on wingwalls will be measured by
the lirlear metre and such measurement will include the full length of parapet transitions.

Payment for the Item, Concrete Parapet (of the various types and locations as described
in the Bills of Quantities) will be made at the rate per linear metre included in the Bills of
Quantities, which rate shall be considered as full compensation for providing all labour,
mater,ials, tools, equipment and appurtenances and performing all work required for
construction of the concrete parapets as indicated on the Drawings and as specified
herei1 The rates for the various types and locations of concrete parapet shall also
includ,e all parapet reinforcing steel. No separate payment will be made for materials or
work required for the respective concrete parapets.
Concrete parapet transitions as indicated on the Drawings will be measured and paid for
at the, same rate as the adjacent respective concrete parapet as included in the Bills of
Quantities.
d. Concrete Block Work .

Measurement and payment for the Item, Concrete Block Work

(for tHe wall thickness as indicated on the Drawings or included in the Bills of Quantities),
will b at the rate per square metre as included in the Bills of Quantities, which rate shall
be cohsidered as full compensation.

e. SteP1'

Measurement for the Item, Steps, will be made by the cubic metre volume of
Class K250 concrete to the neat lines shown on the approved shop drawings for each
site.
PaYrllent for the Item, Steps , will be made at the unit rate per cubic metre included in the
Bills cPf Quantities, which rate shall be considered as full compensation for providing all
labou'r, materials and equipment for constructing steps, ramps , barriers, walls or other
conc~ete grade adjustment structures required to match newly constructed pedestrian
pavement to existing entries , doors, sidewalks or other existing works as indicated on
the drrawings, as specified herein , and as directed or approved by the Engineer.
The "York to be paid for under this item includes preparation of shop drawings , removal
of obstructions, preparation of existing works, excavation , backfilling, concrete, blinding
conc ~ete , forming , finishing,
reinforcement and protective coatings. Separate
mea$urement and payment will be made for quarry tiles , as otherwise described in these
Standard Specifications when quarry tiles are installed on concrete work constructed
under this Bills of Quantities Item, Steps.

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f. Duct End Walls. Measurement for the Item, Duct End Walls, will be made by the cubic
metre I volume of Class K335 concrete to the neat lines shown on the approved shop
drawi ~ gs for each site.
Paym~nt

for the Item, Duct End Walls , will be made at the unit rate per cubic metre
included in the Bills of Quantities , which rate shall be considered as full compensation for
proviqing all labour, materials and equipment for constructing duct end walls as indicated
on the drawings , as specified herein and as approved by the Engineer.
The vyork to be paid for under this item includes preparation of shop drawings, removal
of ot)structions , dewatering, excavation , forming , reinforcement, concrete, blinding
concr!=te , finishing , protective coatings and waterproofing membranes, backfilling and
any other item necessary for completion of the duct end wall. Separate measurement
and ppyment will be made for utility markers as included in Section 11-11 , Utility Markers.
Separate measurement and payment will be made under the appropriate contingency
utility Iduct Bills of Quantities Items to include the portions of contingency utility duct pipe
throu~h the duct end wall to flush with the duct end wall face. Payment for end caps will
be in~luded in payment for the respective contingency utility duct Bills of Quantities
Itemsl

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