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Solution :
l 2 = r2 + h2
or
2
r + h2 = l2
h2 = l2 r2
h = l2 r 2
h = 152 9 2
(substituting l = 15, r = 9)
h = 225 81
h = 144
or
h = +12
Example 7 : If B =
3.a 2
Solve for a and find the value of a if B = 16
4
3.a 2
4
Solution : B =
h = 12
h = 12
a2 =
4B
3
a =
4B
3
a =
4 16 3/
3/
a = 64
a = + 8
(Substituting B = 16 3 )
, a = 8
or
a = 8
Exercise : 5.1
A.
Classify the following equations into pure and adfected quadratic equation.
1) x2 + 2 = 6
2) a2 + 3 = 2a
3) p (p 3) = 1
4) 2m2 = 72
5) k2 k = 0
127
6) 7y =
35
y
3 .
B.
4)
3
1
x2
= 7
4
4
2
2) m2 1 = 143
3) 4a =
5) (2m 5)2 = 81
6)
81
a
2
( x 4) 2
=
9
18
C.
1)
22
7
2
2) If V = r h Solve for r and find the value of r if V = 176 and h = 14
m2 3m + 2m 6 = 0
m(m 3) +2 (m 3) = 0
(m 3) (m + 2) = 0
Either (m 3) = 0 or (m + 2) = 0
m = +3 or m = 2
128
Either (x 1) = 0 or (2x 1) = 0
1
x = 1 or x = 2
Example 4 : Solve the quadratic equation 4k (3k 1) = 5.
Solution :
4k (3k 1) = 5
12k2 4k 5 = 0
12k2 10k + 6k 5 = 0
2k (6k 5) + 1(6k 5) = 0
(6k 5) (2k + 1) = 0
or
k =
1
2
Exercise : 5.2
A. Find the roots of the following equations
1) x(x 3) = 0
2) a (a + 5) = 0
3) m2 4m = 0
4) 3k2 + 6k = 0
5) (y + 6) (y + 9) = 0
6) (b 3) (b 5) = 0
7) (2n + 1) (3n 2) = 0 8) (5z 2) (7z + 3) = 0
B.
3) y2 = y + 2
6) 2x2 + 5x 12 = 0
9) 13m = 6(m2 + 1)
x2
1x
b
Add to both the sides
2a
ax2 + bx + c = 0
x 2 bxx c
ax
+
+ =0
a
a a
x2 +
bxx
c
=
a
a
2
bxx b
c b
+ = +
x +
a 2a
a 2a
b
c b2
x + = + 2
2a
a 4a
4ac + b 2
b
x + =
2a
4a 2
b
b 2 4ac
x + =
2a
4a 2
Simplify
Roots are
x=
b + b 2 4ac
2a
or
b 2 4 ac
4a 2
x+
b
=
2a
x+
b
b 2 4 ac
=
2a
2a
x =
2a
b 2 4 ac
2a
x=
b b 2 4ac
2a
x=
b b 2 4ac
2a
b b 2 4ac
Roots of the equation ax + bx + c = 0 are x =
2a
2
Note : The roots of the equation ax + bx + c = 0 can also be found using
Sridharas method.
2
130
Example 1 :
x2 7x + 12 = 0
x2 7x + 12 = 0
ax2 + bx + c = 0
Simplify
Roots are
a = 1, b = 7 & c = 12
b b 2 4ac
2a
a = 1, b = 7 and c = 12
x =
x=
x=
7 49 48
2
x =
7 1
2
x =
7 +1
2
or
x =
7 1
2
x =
8
2
or
x =
6
2
x = 4
or
x = 3
a = 2, b = 1 and c = 15
x=
b b 2 4ac
2a
a = 2, b = 1 and c = 15
(1) (1) 2 4(2)(15)
p =
2(2)
131
p =
+ 1 1 + 120
4
p =
1 121
4
p =
1 11
4
p =
1+ 11
4
or
p =
1 11
4
p =
12
4
or
p =
10
4
or
p =
5
2
p = 3
Example 3 :
2k2 2k 5 = 0
2k2 2k 5 = 0
ax2 + bx + c = 0
a = 2, b = 2 and c = 5
x =
a = 2, b = 2 and c = 5
k =
k =
b b 2 4ac
2a
( 2) ( 2) 2 4( 2)( 5)
2( 2)
2
4 + 40
4
k =
2 2 11
4
k =
1+ 11
2
132
=
or
44
4
2 1 11
4
k =
1 11
2
x =
b b 2 4ac
2a
( 2) ( 2) 2 4(1)( 2)
m =
2(1)
m =
+2 4+8
2
m =
2 12
2
m =
2 1 3
2
m = 1+ 3
)
or
m = 1 3
Exercise : 5.3
Solve the following equations by using formula
1) a2 2a 4 = 0
2) x2 8x + 1 = 0
3) m2 2m + 2 = 0
5) 2y2 + 6y = 3
6) 8r2 = r + 2
7) p = 5 2p2
4) k2 6k = 1
8) 2z2 + 7z + 4 = 0 9) 3b2 + 2b = 2
10) a2 = 4a + 6
4.
Equations reducible to the form ax2 + bx + c = 0
Example 1 : Solve the equation (x + 6) (x + 2) = x
Solution :(x + 6) (x + 2) = x
x2 + 6x + 2x + 12 = x
x2 + 8x + 12 x = 0
x2 + 7x + 12 = 0
x2 + 4x + 3x + 12 = 0
x(x + 4) + 3 (x + 4) = 0
(x + 4) (x + 3) = 0
Either
(x + 4) = 0 or
(x + 3) = 0
x = 4 or
x = 3
133
p2=b
then
5b 2 + 6 = 13b
5b2 13b + 6 = 0
5b2 10b 3b + 6 = 0
5b (b 2) 3 (b 2) = 0
(b 2) (5b 3) = 0
Either
(b 2) = 0
or
(5b 3) = 0
b=2
or
3
b= 5
p2=2
or
3
p2= 5
p=2+2
or
3
2
p= 5 +
1
p=4
or
p=
134
13
5
( b = p 2)
3k + 2 k + 1
=
2k + 5 k 1
On simplification
This is in form of
The co-efficients are
3k + 2 k + 1
=
2k + 5 k 1
(3k + 2) (k 1) = (2k + 5) (k + 1)
3k2 + 2k 3k 2 = 2k2 + 5k + 2k + 5
3k2 1k 2 2k2 7k 5 = 0
3k2 1k 2 2k2 7k 5 = 0
k2 8k 7 = 0
ax2 + bx + c = 0
a = 1, b = 8, c = 7
x=
b + ( b) 2 4ac
2a
+ 8 64 + 28
2
k =
8 92
2
k =
8 2 23
2
k = 4 23
Example 5 : Solve the equation
Consider
Taking L.C.M.
By cross multiplication
y 3
=1
4 2y
y 3
=1
4 2y
y2 6
=1
4y
y2 6 = 4y
y2 4y 6 = 0
135
2 4 23
2
ax2 + bx + c = 0
a = 1, b = 4, c = 6
=
y =
y =
4 16 + 24
2
4
40
2
4 2 10
2
y = 2 + 10
Example 6 : Solve
=
or
2 2 10
2
y = 2 10
4
1
4
=
m + 2 m + 3 2m + 1
4(m + 3) 1(m + 2)
4
=
(m + 2)(m + 3)
2m + 1
4m + 12 m 2
4
=
2
m + 2m + 3m + 6 2m + 1
3m + 10
4
=
m + 5m + 6 2 m + 1
2
On Cross multiplying,
Either
7
2
or
m=2
Exercise : 5.4
A.
B.
2) 2(a2 1) = a (1 a)
3) 3(b 5) (b 7) = 4 (b + 3)
4) 8(s 1) (s + 1) + 2 (s + 3) = 1
5) (n 3)2 + n (n + 1)2 = 16
6) 11(m + 1) (m + 2) = 38 (m + 1) + 9m
Solve
1)
3x 8 5x 2
=
x2
x+5
4)
( y 1)(5y + 6) ( y 4)(5y + 6)
=
y2
y3
6)
3
2
8
+
=
5b 4b b+2
9)
2
5
6
+
=
m + 2 2(m + 4) m + 6
2)
5a + 1 3a + 1
=
7 a + 5 7a + 1
7)
5)
3)
1
2
2
+
=
x 2 x 1 x
y
y + 1 25
+
=
y +1
y
12
10)
11m + 3 12m + 1
=
9m + 13 10m + 11
8)
n + 1 n + 2 2n + 13
=
+
n 1 n 2
n +1
2(3y 1)
5y
=
2
4y 3
y+2
x2 + 3x 28 = 0
x2 + 7x 4x 28 = 0
x(x + 7) 4 (x + 7) = 0
(x + 7) (x 4) = 0
x + 7 = 0 or x 4 = 0
x = 7
or x = 4
The required number is 4 or 7
137
1
. Find the number.
5
1
y
1
y
1
5
26
5
y2 + 1
26
=
y
5
Either
5(y2 + 1) = 26y
5y2 + 5 = 26y
5y2 26y + 5 = 0
5y2 25y 1y + 5 = 0
5y (y 5) 1 (y 5) = 0
(y 5) (5y 1) = 0
(y 5) = 0 or (5y 1) = 0
y=5
1
y= 5
or
1
5
138
48 x 2 =
96 =
x2 + 4x 96 = 0
x2 + 12x 8x 96 = 0
x(x + 12) 8 (x + 12) = 0
(x + 12) (x 8) = 0
(x + 12) = 0 or (x 8) = 0
x = 12
or x = 8
Either
(x + 4)x
x 2 + 4x
x = 12 cannot be
considered, because
the length is always
positive
Altitude = x = 8 cms.
Base = x + 4
= 8+4
= 12 cms
Example 4 : Rashmi bought some books for Rs. 60. Had she bought 5 more books
to the same amount each book would have cost her 1 rupee less. Find
the number of books bought by Rashmi and price of each book.
Solution : Let the number of books = x
Total cost of the books
= Rs. 60
Rs.
60
x
If number of books is (x + 5)
Then the cost of each book = Rs.
60
( x + 50)
60
60
=
x+5
60( x + 5) 60 x
x ( x + 5)
139
= Difference amount
1
= 1
= b2 4ac
b2 4ac = 0
(6)2 4(k)(1) = 0
36 4k = 0
4k = 36
( = 0)
36
= 9
4
k=9
k =
=0
b2 4ac = 0
[(p + 2)]2 4(1)(4) = 0
(p + 2)2 16 = 0
p + 2 = 16
p+2= 4
p + 2 = + 4 or
p = 4 2 or
or
p=2
145
p + 2 = 4
p = 4 2
p = 6
Exercise : 5.6
A.
B.
C.
Find the value of p for which the quadratic equations have equal roots.
1) x2 px + 9 = 0
2) 2a2 + 3a + p = 0
3) pk2 12k + 9 = 0
5) (p + 1) n2 + 2(p + 3) n + (p + 8) = 0
4) 2y2 py + 1 = 0
6) (3p + 1)c2 + 2 (p + 1) c + p = 0
7.
Relationship between the roots and co-efficient of the terms of the quadratic
equation.
If m and n are the roots of the quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 then
b + b2 4ac
m =
,
2a
b + b2 4ac
+
2a
m+n =
m + n =
b b2 4ac
2a
b + b 2 4ac b b 2 4ac
2a
m + n =
m + n =
2b
2a
( b) 2
-b
a
ax2 + bx + c = 0
b + b2 4ac
mn =
2
a
mn =
b b2 4ac
n =
2a
b b2 4ac
2
a
( b 4ac )
2
4a 2
146
b
a
+c
a
Exercise : 5.8
A. Form the equation whose roots are
1) 3 and 5
2) 6 and 5
3) 2 and
5) 2 + 3 and 2 3
3
2
4)
2
3
and
3
2
6) 3 + 2 5 and 3 2 5
B.
1) If m and n are the roots of the equation x2 6x + 2 = 0 find the value of
i) (m + n) mn
ii)
1
1
+
m
n
2) If a and b are the roots of the equation 3m2 = 6m + 5 find the value of
i)
a b
+
b a
3) If p and q are the roots of the equation 2a2 4a + 1 = 0 Find the value of
i) (p + q)2 + 4pq
ii) p3 + q3
p
q
and
q
p
5) Find the value of k so that the equation x2 + 4x + (k + 2) = 0 has one root equal
to zero.
6) Find the value of q so that the equation 2x2 3qx + 5q = 0 has one root which
is twice the other.
7) Find the value of p so that the equation 4x2 8px + 9 = 0 has roots whose
difference is 4.
8) If one root of the equation x2 + px + q = 0 is 3 times the other prove that 3p2 = 16q
Graphical method of solving a Quadratic Equation
Let us solve the equation x2 4 = 0 graphically,
x2 4 = 0
x2 = 4
let y = x2 = 4
y = x2
and y = 4
153
y = x2
x=0
x=1
x=2
x = 1
x = 2
y = 02
y = 12
y = 22
y = (1)2
y = (2)2
y=0
y=1
y=4
y=1
y=4
x = +2
or
x = 2
3 = 1.7
x = 1.7
or
x = + 1.7
Example 2 : Draw a graph of y = x2 and y = 2-x and hence solve the equation
x2 + x 2 = 0
Step 1: Form the table of
corresponding values of
x and y satisfying the
equation y = x2
(0, 0)
(1, 1)
(1, 1)
(2, 4)
(2, 4)
(0, 2)
(1, 1)
(1, 3)
(2, 0)
(2, 4)
(x, y)
(x, y)
x = 1
x = 2
(0, 0)
(1, 1)
(1, 1)
(2, 4)
(2, 4)
(0, 2)
(1, 3)
(2, 4)
(x, y)
(x, y)
x = 1
156
or
or
(1, 1) (2, 0)
x = 2
Method II :
(x, y)
(2, 0) (2, 4)
x = 1
or
x = 2
Exercise : 5.9
A.
B.
1)
2)
3)
1)
2)
3)
C.
Solve graphically
1) x2 + x 12 = 0
4) x2 + x 6 = 0
7
3
1 2
x and find the value of 10
2
2) x2 5x + 6 = 0
5) 2x2 3x 5 = 0
157
3) x2 + 2x 8 = 0
6) 2x2 + 3x 5 = 0