ulfur dioxide (SO2) is normally available in cylinders and drum tanks.

Linde is also able

to offer ISO tank container delivery in some markets.
Sulfur dioxide has a number of applications in food and beverage preservation. Linde is
able to offer food grade product to meet these needs.
Packaged sulphur dioxide is used by a range of industries and applications, including:
Food & Beverages: Water treatment, disinfecting and fumigation; bleaching
agent for oils and foods and preservative for beer & wine, canned & bottled
foods and dried fruits (E220)
Glass polishing and acidfying agent in float glass production
Steel & Metals: For extraction of some metals from their respective ores.
http://www.lindegas.com/en/products_and_supply/packaged_chemicals/product_range/sulphur_dioxide
.html

http://scorecard.goodguide.com/chemical-profiles/uses.tcl?edf_substance_id=744609-5

Sulfur dioxide
The strong reducing properties of sulfur dioxide make it a valuable chemical in chemical processes
and for producing bleaching chemicals, e.g. chlorine dioxide and sodium dithionite. It is also used for
elimination of residual peroxide or chlorine dioxide in the final stage in the bleaching process.

In the food industry, sulfur dioxide is used as a bleaching agent and as a preservative.
http://www.kemira.com/en/industries-applications/pages/sulfur-dioxide.aspx

Production of Specialty Chemicals from a Coal Gasification Acid Gas Waste Stream

http://www.che.cemr.wvu.edu/publications/projects/large_proj/acidgas.pdf

Consider low-strength acid gas processing retrofit

options for sulfur recovery
http://gasprocessingnews.com/features/201504/consider-low-strength-acid-gasprocessing-retrofit-options-for-sulfur-recovery.aspx

Flue Gas Desulfurization (Acid Gas Removal) Systems

http://yosemite.epa.gov/oaqps/eogtrain.nsf/b81bacb527b016d785256e4a004c0393/
d4ec501f07c0e03a85256b6c006caf64/$FILE/si412c_lesson9.pdf

Fiscal 2011 Study on Clean Coal Technology Project March

2012 The Institute of Energy Economics, Japan
http://www.meti.go.jp/meti_lib/report/2012fy/E003752.pdf

b) Low Rank Coal Market Potential for utilization of low rank coal is found in the
sectors of power, metallurgy, cement, fertilizer and fiber in the secondary industry that are
subject to the domestic supply quota system which was started by the Indonesian
government in 2010. Moreover, with the international coal price continuing at a high level
and Indonesias GDP staying around 6%, it is certain that the countrys domestic demand
for low rank coal will continue to increase.
a) Policy Aspect The plan "as the Indonesian government, to incorporate the
technology established into the policy" has been clarified. Moreover, the Indonesian
government announced MP3 EI (Master Plan Percepatan dan Perluasan Pembangunan
Ekonomi Indonesia (Indonesian economic development expansion/promotion master plan))
in May 2011, and the construction plan of the coal related infrastructure in both Sumatra
and Kalimantan islands was specified in it.

Mitsubishi to Start Construction of Sumatra

Coal Gasification
(operation strat 2015)
http://www.americanfuelscoalition.com/2012/01/04/sumatra/

http://www.jcoal.or.jp/coaldb/shiryo/material/2012day2_session4_1.pdf

The Gasification Industry

There are more than 272 operating gasification plants worldwide with
686 gasifiers.
There are currently 74 plants under construction worldwide that will have a total of 238
gasifiers and produce 83 MWth. Thirty three gasification plants are located in the United
States (See Existing Gasification Plants in the U.S). Currently, China has the largest
number of gasification plants.

Gasifica
tion by Location

The regional distribution of gasification has changed significantly in the last four years.
Gasification plants had been fairly evenly distributed between Asia /Australia,
Africa/Middle East and North America. The gasification capacity (both operational and
under construction) in the Asia/Australia region now exceeds the rest of the world put
together. (See State of the Gasification Industry-The Updated Gasification Database
Paper)The prime movers behind this current and expected growth are the chemical,
fertilizer, and coal-to-liquids industries in Asia (primarily China, India, South Korea,
Malaysia, and Japan.) This is followed by South Africa and Qatar. (See Map Showing
Location of Operating Gasification Plants)

Gasification by Application
Gasification for chemicals has been, and will remain, the most important gasification
application for the foreseeable future. A recent study conducted by Higman and Tam
determined that about 25% of the worlds ammonia and over 30% of the worlds
methanol are now being produced via gasification (as compared to 10 % in each case ten
years ago).
Gasification for liquid and gaseous fuels is becoming increasingly important. While the
demand for transportation fuels (particularly gasoline) has declined in the United States,
the demand has been increasingly sharply in other parts of the world, primarily Asia.
Gasification for substitute natural gas has also shifted to Asia. The abundant supply of
cheaper natural gas in the United States has been a game changer; with little interest in
any type of coal project (gasification or otherwise) or the production of substitute
natural gas. In contrast, the natural gas (in the form of Liquefied Natural Gas or LNG) is
extremely expensive in Asia and Africa. The high cost of importing LNG and the
concerns about energy security haves prompted a number of new plants under
construction in Asia.

Gasification by Feedstock
Coal is now the dominant feedstock and will continue to be so for the foreseeable future.
There are still gasification plants using oil as a feedstock, but that number has dropped
considerably as the price of crude oil has increased. The figure for gas feedstock plants
consists largely two gas to liquids or GTL plants-Bintulu and Pearl. While biomass
and waste feed is currently very small, this feedstock category is expected to grow in the
future.

Gasification Market Trends

Gasification projects are becoming both larger and smaller. The large industrial coal and
petroleum coke gasification projects (for chemicals, hydrogen, power) are getting bigger.
Generally, these projects are in Asia and the Middle East. While the size the gasifier is
generally not increasing in size, the number of gasifiers used in a project is increasing.
These larger gasification projects necessitate the scale-up of the equipment necessary to
help run the gasifiers, such as the air separation units. (See Top 20 Commercial
Gasification Projects by Size)

At the same time, demand for smaller, modular gasifiers for biomass and waste
gasification is increasing. Generally, gasification of biomass and municipal solid waste
does not require the larger gasifiers that are used in industrial applications. Many
interested in biomass and MSW gasification want a gasifier that is just big enough to
handle the MSW of a particular city. Modular gasifiers and under development that
would enable the unit to be moved where the demand exists, such as in rural areas of
developing countries or temporary military bases.

The Future of Gasification

Worldwide gasification capacity is expected to grow significantly by 2018, with the
primary growth occurring in Asia (primarily China, India, South Korea, and Mongolia).

http://www.gasification.org/what-is-gasification/the-gasification-industry/

Map of Facilities
Gasification is a commercial manufacturing technology that has been
used around the world to produce chemicals, fertilizers, transportation
fuels, substitute natural gas, and electricity. See where gasification is
used around the globe by clicking the map below.

http://www.gasification.org/what-is-gasification/map-of-facilities/

http://www.dfsgusa.org/media-center/articles-reports/featurestories/articles/2013/01/29/celanese-pertamina-might-kick-off-coal-gasification-project

JAKARTA (Indonesia Today) Celanese Corporation PT Pertamina Joint

Venture will develop a US$2.5 billion ethanol coal gasification plant in
Kalimantan or Sumatera.
Minister of Industry MS Hidayat told reporters that construction of the plant
might kick off this year and start commercial operation by 2016. The plant
will absorb 1.1 million tons of coal per annum and it is still under discussion
about the plant location, depending on the coal reserves.

http://www.gasification.org/what-is-gasification/world-database/pertamina-celaneseethanol-project/

http://www.pusri.co.id/ina/berita-amp-kegiatan-berita-terkini/penandatanganan-notakesepahaman-pusri-jpmc/
Kesepakatan antar pihak meliputi pendirian pabrik sebagai berikut:
1. Pabrik Asam Fosfat (Phosphoric Acid) kapasitas 200.000 metrik ton/tahun
2. Pabrik Asam Sulfat (Sulphuric Acid) kapasitas 800.000 metrik ton/tahun
3. Pabrik NPK kapasitas 1.000.000 metrik ton/tahun
Direncanakan pembangunan pabrik pada tahun 2012-2014, berlokasi di Bontang Kalimantan Timur
serta di Tanjung Api-Api Sumatera Selatan padda tahun 2013-2015.

http://www.jacobs.com/uploadedFiles/wwwjacobscom/20_Learn_About_Us/25_Product
s/253_Comprimo_Sulfur_Solutions/2534_News/Article%20Low%20Cost%20and%20Reliable
%20Sulphur%20Recovery.pdf