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European Union
Lesson 1
Motto: United in diversity
Anthem: Ode to Joy
Brussels
Political centres
Luxembourg
Strasbourg
23
Official languages
European[4]
Demonym
27
Member States
Leaders
European Council Herman Van Rompuy
Commission
Jose Manuel Barroso
Parliament
Jerzy Buzek
Council of
Hungary
Ministers
-

Paris Treaty
23 July 1952
Rome Treaty 1 January 1958
Maastricht
1 November 1993
Treaty
Lisbon Treaty 1 December 2009
Area
Total
4,324,782 km2
Water (%)
3.08
Population
2010 estimate 501,064,211
Density
115.9/km2
GDP (PPP)
2009 (IMF) estimate
Total
$14.793 trillion
Per capita
$29,729
GDP (nominal)
2009 (IMF) estimate
Total
$16.447 trillion
Per capita
$33,052
euro
Currency
(UTC+0 to +2)
Time zone
Summer
(UTC+1 to +3)
(DST)
.eu
Internet TLD
Website europa.eu

The European Union (EU) is an economic and political union of 27 member states
which are located primarily in Europe. The EU traces its origins from the European Coal and
Steel Community (ECSC) and the European Economic Community (EEC) formed by six
countries in the 1950s. In the intervening years the EU has grown in size by the accession of new

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member states, and in power by the addition of policy areas to its remit. The Maastricht Treaty
established the European Union under its current name in 1993. The last amendment to the
constitutional basis of the EU, the Treaty of Lisbon, came into force in 2009.
The EU operates through a hybrid system of supranational independent institutions and
intergovernmentally made decisions negotiated by the member states. Important institutions of
the EU include the European Commission, the Council of the European Union, the European
Council, the Court of Justice of the European Union, and the European Central Bank. The
European Parliament is elected every five years by EU citizens.
The EU has developed a single market through a standardised system of laws which
apply in all member states including the abolition of passport controls within the Schengen area.
It ensures the free movement of people, goods, services, and capital, enacts legislation in justice
and home affairs, and maintains common policies on trade, agriculture, fisheries and regional
development. A monetary union, the eurozone, was established in 1999 and is currently
composed of seventeen member states. Through the Common Foreign and Security Policy the
EU has developed a limited role in external relations and defence. Permanent diplomatic
missions have been established around the world and the EU is represented at the United
Nations, the WTO (World Trade Organization), the G8 and the G-20.
With a combined population of 500 million inhabitants, the EU generated an estimated
21% (US$ 14.8 trillion) share of the global economy (GDP PPP) in 2009. As a trading bloc the
EU accounts for 20% of global imports and exports.
Months of the year
ENGLISH
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December

Romanian
ianuarie
februarie
martie
aprilie
mai
iunie
iulie
august
septembrie
octombrie
noiembrie
decembrie

union
Substantiv
unire; uniune (de state); sindicat; societate; unificare, acord; asociaie; legtur; (tehn.) racord,
mbinare, legtur pentru evi, pies de legtur; cstorie, mariaj; (bun) nelegere, armonie;
[mat] reuniune; [ec] azil de munc, convenie
Adjectiv
sindical, unionist
Expresii:

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to bring about a union = a realiza o unire
the Union = Uniunea Angliei i Scoiei
the Union = Uniunea Marii Britanii i Irlandei
(mar.) Union Jack = pavilionul Regatului Unit
(ec) union suit = salopet
a happy union = o cstorie fericit
to live together in perfect union = a tri mpreun n perfect armonie
the Union = Statele Unite ale Americii
currency
Substantiv
circulaie monetar; (ec) moned; valut; rspndire
primarily
Adverb
n primul rnd, nainte de toate, iniial, la nceput, la origine
primary
Adjectiv
primar; principal, de cpetenie; primitive; (electr.) primar
Expresii:
primary school = coal primar
primary rocks = roci primare
primary battery = baterie primar
primary current = curent primar
the primary = problema principal
trace
Substantiv
(mai ales pl.) urm (de pai etc.); rmi, urm; reproducere, copie
Verb tranzitiv
a trasa; a achita; a desena; a scrie cu migal; a urmri (o persoan, un animal
Expresii:
sorrow has left its traces on his face = mhnirea a lsat urme pe faa lui
of old buildings no trace remains = din vechile cldiri nu rmne nici urm
to trace (out) a plan = a schia un plan
they traced her footprints through the snow = i-au urmrit paii prin zpad
intervening
Adjectiv
intermediar, situat ntre; care se interpune, care intervine
Expresii:
intervening period = perioad intermediar
intervene
Verb intranzitiv

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a interveni, a surveni; a interveni pentru
intervention
Substantiv
intervenie
accession
Substantiv
acces; intrare; (~ to) obinere (a unui post); urcare pe tron; sporire; adugare, adaos; [pol]
aderare; ( ~ to) acord (la, pentru); aprobare; avansare; consultare (a unor date); cretere, (~ to)
ncuviinare; intrare, promovare; spor; sporire; suplimentare; urcare, numr de referin (al
documentului); vitez de consultare (a datelor de pe un suport de informaii)
policy
Substantiv
poli (de asigurare); perspicacitate, nelepciune; msur; interes, ordine; diplomaie
dibcie (a unui act etc.) ; diplomaie (a unui act, etc.); nelepciune (a unui act etc.) ; metod;
(linie) politic; politic (a unui act, etc.) ; politic; tactic
Expresii:
foreign policy = politic extern
it is certainly the best policy = este, fr ndoial, msura cea mai bun
contrary to the public policy = contrar interesului public
to take out an insurance policy = a se asigura
expectant policy, wait-and-see policy [pol] = politic de expectativ, politic rezervat
roll-back policy (amer) = politic de for [pol]
laissez-faire policy politic de neamestec (a guvernului)
expectant policy =[pol] politic de temporizare [pol]
world policy politic internaional
rate policy = politic tarifar [ec]
open-door policy = politica uilor deschise (comer ngduit strinilor ntr-o ar)
policy holder = posesor al unei polie de asigurare [ec]
policy making = elaborare de politici
honesty is the best policy = (mai bine) curat i cinstit [proverb]
good neighbour policy politic de bun vecintate
amend
Verb
a ameliora; a amenda (un text, un proiect de lege etc.) ; a se corija; a face un amendament; a
mbunti; a se ndrepta; a modifica; a perfeciona; a pune la punct; a rectifica; a se schimba in
bine
amendment
Substantiv
ndreptare; rectificare; amendament; ameliorare [agr]; amendare (a unui text, a unui proiect de
lege, etc.); corectare, corijare; mbuntire; modificare

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intergovernmentally
Adverb
(n mod) nterguvernamental, internaional; ntre state
intergovernmental
Adjectiv
interguvernamental, ntre state
Council
Substantiv
consiliu; sfat; sinod [bis]
Adjectiv
de consiliu
Expresii:
people's council = sfat popular
council = proprietate a conducerii locale (d. construcii)
council chamber = camer de consiliu
council estate = cartier de locuine (cu spaii verzi) construit de conducerea local
council house = cas ntr-un 'council estate'
works council = comitet de ntreprindere (format din muncitori si conducere) [ec.]
parish council = consiliu comunal
cabinet council = consiliu de minitri [pol]
council of war, war council = consiliu de rzboi
privy council = consiliu de stat [pol]
city council = consiliu municipal
town council = consiliu municipal / orenesc
council board = mas de consiliu (ntlnirea membrilor consiliului)
council board = edin de consiliu
privy councillor = consilier de stat
the Privy Council = Consiliu de Coroan (n Anglia)
Parliament
Substantiv
parlament
Expresii:
(Si parliament cake) = turt dulce
Citizen
Substantiv
cetean; orean; civil
Expresii:
citizen = persoan care nu deine nici o funcie de stat
citizenship
Substantiv
cetenie

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market
Substantiv
pia; pre, curs; cumprtor; debueu; trg (ncheiat)
Verb intranzitiv, verb tranzitiv
a cumpra pe pia; a vinde pe pia
Expresii:
to go to market = a merge la pia
market-house/covered-market = hal
to be on/come into the market = a fi pe pia, a fi pus n vnzare
to bring one's eggs to a bad market = a da gre
the market has risen = preurile au crescut
the stock market = cursul valorilor
the market is falling = cursurile snt n scdere
to find a market for smth. = a gsi debueu (de desfacere) pentru ceva
to find a ready market = a se vinde uor
he has made a market of his honour = i-a vndut onoarea
standard
Substantiv
standard; norm (i tehnic); steag, drapel; etalon; model; grad, nivel; (la colile elementare)
clas; (teh) postament al unei maini, titlu al aurului etc.; conducta vertical (de gaz, ap)
Adjectiv
standard, etalon, care e folosit ca etalon; model, care servete ca model; obinuit, normal;
(devenit) classic; excellent, foarte bun; exemplar
Expresii:
the standard yard = iardul-etalon
standard sizes = mrimi/dimensiuni obinuite/normale / normate / tipice
(ferov.) standard gauge = ecartament normal
the metre is the standard of length = metrul este unitatea de msur pentru lungimi
(com.) up to standard = conform modelului
standard of knowledge = grad de cunotine
standard of living = nivel de trai
to improve one's training standard = a-i ridica nivelul profesional
he has gone through the standards = a fcut coala elementar
standard tree = arbore expus vntului din toate prile
standardised
Adjectiv
standardizat; normat
standardize (amer), standardise (brit)
Verb
a etalona; a norma; a reglementa; a stabili norme; a standardiza; a tipiza; a uniformiza
capital
Adjectiv

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stranic; (fam) admirabil; esenial; fundamental; principal; fatal; (jur) pasibil de pedeapsa cu
moartea
Substantiv
(arhit) capitel; (tipogr) majuscul; (ec) capital; capital
Expresii:
a capital dinner = un prnz ales
a capital joke = o glum stranic
the capital points = probleme principale
a capital error = o eroare fatal
capital punishment = pedeaps capital
capital sentence = sentin de condamnare la moarte
capital offence = infraciune/crim care se pedepsete cu moartea
capitalised terms = termeni (scrii) cu majuscule
capital ship (mar.) = vas de rzboi cu o deplasare de cel puin 10000 de tone
to make capital out of = a valorifica
enact
Verb tranzitiv
a decreta, a dispune; a juca (un rol)
affair
Substantiv
afacere; chestiune; aventur amoroas
Expresii:
mind your own affairs = vezi-i de treaba ta
home affairs = afaceri interne
foreign affairs = afaceri externe
an affair of honour = o chestiune de onoare, duel
common policies politici commune (n Uniunea Europen)
These policies are the lines of action the Community decides to follow in certain areas in order to
achieve the general objectives it has set. They are known as 'common' policies because they
concern all Member States of the Union. This harmonised action provides a leverage effect that
makes it possible to obtain better results. Such policies include: the common agricultural policy
(CAP), regional and cohesion policy, transport policy, social and employment policy,
environment policy and the policy on research and technological development.
COMMON POLICIES
Common agricultural policy
Common fisheries policy
Forestry policy
Regional policy
Transport policy
Trans-European networks
Industrial policy
Social and employment policy
Environment policy

Consumer protection and public health

Cooperation in justice and internal affairs
Energy policy
Policy for research and technological development
Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs)
Tourism
Education, vocational training and youth policy
Cultural policy

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Leverage
Substantiv
efect de prghie [fin]; (teh) efect de prghie, for a prghiei, mecanism cu prghii, transmisie
prin prghii; influen pentru atingerea unui scop; (ec) mijloc de influenare a profitului, raport
dintre creane i capital; influen; putere pentru atingerea unui scop
leverage coefficient = raport ntre creterea global a venitului naional i creterea investiiilor
defence
Substantiv
aprare
Expresii:
in defence of = n aprarea
to make a defence = a se apra
trillion
Substantiv
trilion (un milion de milioane)
1,000,000,000,000 (one million million; 1012; SI prefix: tera-)
share
Substantiv
brzdar; parte; participaie, cot-parte; (ec) aciune, titlu
Verb tranzitiv
a mpri; a mprti
Verb intranzitiv
a mpri; a lua parte la, a participa la
Expresii:
to share alike = a mpri egal
they ought to share with us in the expenses = ei ar trebui s contribuie la cheltuieli alturi de noi
to share in = a lua parte la, a fi asociat la
to share out = a distribui, a repartiza
in equal shares = n pri egale
the lion's share = partea leului
to have a share in doing smth. = a lua parte la o aciune
(fam) to go shares with = a merge pe din dou
share and share alike = pri egale
to come in for a share of = a avea partea sa de
founder's share = participaia fondatorului
share in profits = participare la beneficii
to pay one's share = a-i plti cota-parte
railway shares = aciuni de ci ferate
share list = curs al aciunilor la burs
share warrant = titlu la purttor
to share smth. with smb. = a mpri ceva cu cineva
he invited me to share his lunch = m-a invitat la el la mas

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to share smb's opinion = a mprti prerea cuiva
I share all his secrets = i cunosc toate secretele
GDP PPP = gross domestic product at purchasing power parity

Gross domestic product (GDP) is a measure for the economic activity. It is defined as the value
of all goods and services produced less the value of any goods or services used in their creation.
The volume index of GDP per capita in Purchasing Power Standards (PPS) is expressed in
relation to the European Union (EU-27) average set to equal 100. If the index of a country is
higher than 100, this country's level of GDP per head is higher than the EU average and vice
versa. Basic figures are expressed in PPS, i.e. a common currency that eliminates the differences
in price levels between countries allowing meaningful volume comparisons of GDP between
countries. Please note that the index, calculated from PPS figures and expressed with respect to
EU27 = 100, is intended for cross-country comparisons rather than for temporal comparisons.
Gross domestic product = produsul intern brut (PIB)
Purchase
Substantiv
achiziionare; aprovizionare
apucare; avantaj [fig]; (ec) cumprare, cumprat, cumprtur, lucru cumprat; dispozitiv
mecanic de ridicare i deplasare a ncrcturilor [tehn]; influen [fig]; palane [nav]; poziie

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avantajat [fig.]; poziie influent [fig]; pre; punct de reazem; punct de sprijin; strngere;
strnsoare; superioritate [fig]; valoare; venit anual (de pe pmnt)
Verb
a achiziiona; a cpta, a ctiga, a dobndi (ncrederea cuiva etc.); a cumpra; a ridica (cu
parghia, macaraua, palancul etc.)
purchasing power = putere de cumprare [ec]
intend
Verb
a avea de gnd s; a avea drept scop / el; a avea n vedere; a avea intenia de a / s; a face anume
/ deliberat / n mod intenionat; a face voit; a nelege
a inteniona s; a plnui s; a urmri; a vrea s spun
~ for / to a destina, a meni, a hrzi (s, cuiva)
what do you intend to do about it? = cum intenionezi s rezolvi chestiunea?; ce ai de gnd s
faci n problema aceasta?
cross-country comparisons = comparaii ntre ri