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Thomas P. Harman
Asphalt Team Leader
Predicting Pavement
Performance
Pavements are designed to fail
But how do they perform?
Defining Performance
Structural vs. functional
Structural: load carrying capacity
Functional: ride quality and safety
Associated failures
Load: caused by traffic
Non-load: caused by climate, materials,
and construction
Performance Modeling
Input
Input Data
Data
Environmental
Environmental
Effects
Effects
Models
Models
Pavement
Pavement
Response
Response
Model
Model
Distress
Distress
Model
Model
Material
Material Characterization
Characterization Model
Model
Performance
Performance
Predictions
Predictions
Our Project
State of Confusion
10 mile section
36 feet wide
Our Project
Materials
Environment
Traffic
Modeling
Performance Prediction
Material Characterization
Input
Input Data
Data
Environmental
Environmental
Effects
Effects
Models
Models
Pavement
Pavement
Response
Response
Model
Model
Distress
Distress
Model
Model
Material
Material Characterization
Characterization Model
Model
Performance
Performance
Predictions
Predictions
Materials
2 layer system
Glooptonyte
Base
Materials Characterization
Response to. . .
Load
Materials Characterization
Response to. . .
Load,
Temperature
Materials Characterization
Response to
Load,
Temperature,
Moisture
Materials Characterization
Response to
Load,
Temperature,
Moisture, &
Time.
Glooptonyte
Stress (Load/Area)
Glooptonyte
100
80
60
40
20C
0C
20
0
0
Strain (Length/Length)
Material Characterization
Model
Modulus, E = Stress / Strain
Predictive Model
Stress
Strain = Stress / E
100
80
60
40
20
0
0
Strain
Environmental Effects
Input
Input Data
Data
Environmental
Environmental
Effects
Effects
Models
Models
Pavement
Pavement
Response
Response
Model
Model
Distress
Distress
Model
Model
Material
Material Characterization
Characterization Model
Model
Performance
Performance
Predictions
Predictions
Glooptonyte
Modulus, E
25
20
15
10
5
0
0C
20C
Temperature
Environmental Effects
Model
Modulus, E = 20 0.5 (T)
T is the temperature in C
25
20
15
10
5
0
0C
20C
E = 20 0.5 (T)
Modulus, E
At T = 10C
20
16
15
10
5
0
E predicted = ?
0C
10C
Temperature
20C
Inputs
Input
Input Data
Data
Environmental
Environmental
Effects
Effects
Models
Models
Pavement
Pavement
Response
Response
Model
Model
Distress
Distress
Model
Model
Material
Material Characterization
Characterization Model
Model
Performance
Performance
Predictions
Predictions
Environmental Conditions
Temperature, C
30
20
10
Pavement
0
-10
Winter
Spring
Summer
Season
Fall
Glooptonyte Modulus, E
Environmental Effects
Model
25
EE == 20
20 0.5
0.5 (T)
(T)
20
15
10
5
0
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Traffic
No more ESALs
Traffic input by
Vehicle type
Axle weight
Load Spectra
Traffic Conditions
State of Confusion
Unicycles only
Two loadings
Traffic Conditions
Category A Unicycle
Load, P
Pressure, p
Contact, a
750 lbs
60 psi
2 in
Category B Unicycle
Load, P
Pressure, p
Contact, a
a, contact radius p = P / ( r2 )
1250 lbs
100 psi
2 in
Traffic Conditions
AADT 600,000
Category B
AADT 400,000
AADT, (millions)
Category A
No
NoAnticipated
AnticipatedGrowth
Growth
1.2
1.0
0.8
Total
0.6
0.4
Cat A
Cat B
0.2
0.0
1
Time, years
Design Life
20 years
Total anticipated traffic:
Category A = 12 million
Category B = 8 million
TOTAL
= 20 million
Pavement Response
Input
Input Data
Data
Environmental
Environmental
Effects
Effects
Models
Models
Pavement
Pavement
Response
Response
Model
Model
Distress
Distress
Model
Model
Material
Material Characterization
Characterization Model
Model
Performance
Performance
Predictions
Predictions
Pavement Response
To Load
Hybrid methods
Analytical Solution
(Burmister)
Assumptions
= 0.5 (Poissons ratio)
E BASE = 1/10 E Glooptonyte
FF22==ff(a,
(a,EE22//EE11,,tt11))
Burmister
1.5
1.5 pp aa FF22
EE BASE
BASE
Glooptonyte, t = 8 inches
Category A Unicycle, p = 60 psi, a = 2
Summer time, T = 20C
E1 = 20 0.5 (T) = 10 ksi
E2 = 1/10 E1 = 1 ksi = 1000 psi
F2 = f (a, E2 / E1, t1 ) = 0.20 (from a Table)
Surface
Surface Deflection
Deflection == 0.04
0.04
Pavement Sections
44 inches
inches
66 inches
inches
88 inches
inches
E1 / E2 Category A Category B
psi
p = 60 psi p = 100 psi
4 = 0.03
20 / 2 6 = 0.025
8 = 0.02
4 = 0.06
10 / 1 6 = 0.05
8 = 0.04
4 = 0.045
6 = 0.038
8 = 0.03
4 = 0.09
6 = 0.075
8 = 0.06
Distress
Input
Input Data
Data
Environmental
Environmental
Effects
Effects
Models
Models
Pavement
Pavement
Response
Response
Model
Model
Distress
Distress
Model
Model
Material
Material Characterization
Characterization Model
Model
Performance
Performance
Predictions
Predictions
Glooptonyte
Only fails in rutting
Empirical Model
Pavement
Pavement
Response
Response
Traffic
Traffic
Loading
Loading
Pavement
Pavement
Performance
Performance
Empirical Model
Log ( P / B ) = C1 + C2 Log (N)
Where:
P , Permanent deformation
B , Burmister deflection
C1 and C2, Constants (-3.1, 0.5)
N, load applications
Performance Criteria
What is acceptable performance?
Performance Prediction
Input
Input Data
Data
Environmental
Environmental
Effects
Effects
Models
Models
Pavement
Pavement
Response
Response
Model
Model
Distress
Distress
Model
Model
Material
Material Characterization
Characterization Model
Model
Performance
Performance
Predictions
Predictions
Empirical Model
Rutting
Rutting
Session
Cat
N design
W/S
0.030
6,000,000
0.06
S/F
0.060
6,000,000
0.12
W/S
0.045
4,000,000
0.07
S/F
0.090
4,000,000
0.14
Log
Log (( PP // BB )) == CC11 ++ CC22 Log
Log (N)
(N)
0.39
Performance Prediction
Rutting, inches
0.40
0.35
Prediction
0.30
Criterion
0.25
0.20
2
10
Performance Prediction
Input
Input Data
Data
Environmental
Environmental
Effects
Effects
Models
Models
Pavement
Pavement
Response
Response
Model
Model
Distress
Distress
Model
Model
Material
Material Characterization
Characterization Model
Model
Performance
Performance
Predictions
Predictions
Models Calibration
Log ( P / B ) = 1 C1 + 2 C2 Log (N)
Where:
1 , 2 calibration factors
Measured Performance
Models Calibration
11,,22
*
*
* **
* * *
* *
*
*
*
*
*
Predicted Performance
National
National
Then
Then Local
Local
Performance Modeling
Input
Input Data
Data
Environmental
Environmental
Effects
Effects
Models
Models
Pavement
Pavement
Response
Response
Model
Model
Distress
Distress
Model
Model
Material
Material Characterization
Characterization Model
Model
Performance
Performance
Predictions
Predictions
Thank You