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Design Project 1B
Edwardsville Ramjet Engine Company
Ankur Patel
ME 419 – Gas Turbines
March 6, 2008
Southern Illinois University Edwardsville
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Contents
Edwardsville Ramjet Engine Company .......................................................................................................... 0
Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 2
Assumptions .............................................................................................................................................. 2
Problem Statement ................................................................................................................................... 3
Analysis ......................................................................................................................................................... 4
Ideal Turbojet & Ramjet ............................................................................................................................ 4
Equations .............................................................................................................................................. 4
Turbojet with Afterburning ................................................................................................................... 5
Python code .............................................................................................................................................. 5
Results ........................................................................................................................................................... 7
Ramjet ....................................................................................................................................................... 7
Turbojet with temperature variation ........................................................................................................ 8
Turbojet with compression ratio variation ............................................................................................... 9
Turbojet with afterburner and temperature variation ........................................................................... 10
Turbojet with afterburner and compression ratio variation .................................................................. 11
Graphs ..................................................................................................................................................... 12
Recommendations ...................................................................................................................................... 14
Production ............................................................................................................................................... 14
Sensitivity to change ............................................................................................................................... 14
Overall weight ......................................................................................................................................... 14
Overall size .............................................................................................................................................. 15
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Introduction
Assumptions
This project will study the performance & cost associated with a ramjet, a turbojet, and a turbojet with
afterburner for a given constant set of parameters.
Three different propulsion systems will be studied. The first will be a ramjet. In this only a combustor
temperature, and inlet/outlet conditions are necessary. The turbine, diffuser, afterburner, and nozzle
will be ignored.
The second and third propulsion systems will be a turbojet type. The third time will have the stage 6
afterburner activated.
The goal will be to design a cheap and effective explosives delivery system. In this report it will be
shown that a ramjet will be the best choice. In the analysis fuel weight required for cruise, engine weight
required for thrust, total installed propulsion system weight, engine size, engine mechanical complexity,
and cycle sensitivity to change will be considered.
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Problem Statement
Your are a designer in Edwardsville Ramjet Engine Company which is competing against a turbojet
company for the development and manufacturing of a new engine for an advanced, air‐launched, long‐
range missile.
The mission requirements for the new missile include the following cruise condition specifications.
range = 2000 miles
speed = 1500 ft/sec
altitude = 50,000 ft
thrust = 500 lbf
fuel heating value = 22,000 Btu/lbm
Your management has asked you to answer the question of how best to win the competition. In order to
make reasonable estimate quickly, ideal cycle analysis may be used.
Conduct a systematic parametric search for the best afterburning turbojet and ramjet cycles for this
application. You must show that all feasible alternatives have been considered, and explain your final
selections in detail.
The total temperature limitations imposed by available or foreseeable materials are
Turbojet Burner Turbojet A/B Ramjet Burner
Current 3000 ˚F 3600 ˚F 3700 ˚F
Advanced 3600 ˚F 4100 ˚F 4200 ˚F
You will also find it helpful to know that expected values for the engine weight per pound of airflow per
second for the turbojet is 50 and for the ramjet is 30, the airframe weight per pound of fuel 0.5 pounds,
and the airframe weight per pound of engine is 5 pounds.
During the course of the analysis, you should at least evaluate and explain the importance of the
following quantities.
Fuel weight required for cruise
Engine weight required for thrust
Total installed propulsion system weight
Engine size (mass flow or diameter)
Engine mechanical complexity
Cycle sensitivity to change
Finally, lay out the arguments that will guarantee the selection of “your” engine.
Report the results of your study in the following form
1. Cover page
2. 2. Introduction‐ description of the technical problem and your general approach (~ 2 pages)
3. Analysis‐ A summary of the methods/equations used to calculate your results (~ 4 pages)
4. Results – Display and interpret the results of your calculations (~ 4 pages, 4 graphs)
5. Recommendations‐ Describe and defend your solution to this design problem (~ 3 pages)
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Analysis
All propulsion systems were analyzed under ideal conditions, with similar inputs from the problem
statement.
Ideal Turbojet & Ramjet
Equations
1 1
1
1 1 /2
2
1
1
1 1 1
1
10 10
1
1
1
2
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2
1 1
32.174 1
10
3600
Turbojet with Afterburning
1
1
2
1 / 1
2
1 1
32.174 1
3600
Python code
from numpy import *
from scipy import *
from pylab import *
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from scipy.io import *
#range = 2000 miles
#speed = 1500ft/sec
#altitude = 50,000ft
#thrust = 500 lbf
#fuel heating value = 22,000 Btu/lbm
# Turbojet Burner Turbojet A/B Ramjet Burner
#Current 3000F 3600F 3700F
#Advanced 3600F 4100F 4200F
range = 2000 #miles
speed = 1500 # ft/sec
altitude = 50000 #ft
thrust = 500 #lbf
h = 22000 #Btu/lbm
T0 = 390 #Rankine
a = 968.1 #ft/s
p = 1.692 #lbf/in^2
gamma = 1.4
Cp = 0.2867
density = 0.01171 #lbm/ft^3
M0 = speed / a
TauR = 1 + ((gamma ‐ 1)/2)*M0**2
int PiC
for PiC in range([1,20]):
TauC = PiC**((gamma ‐ 1)/2)
TauL = TauR * TauC
TauT = 1 0 TauR.TauL*(TauC ‐ 1)
SpecificThrust = a * M0 * ((TauL/TauR)**0.5 ‐ 1)
f = (Cp*T0/h)*(TauL ‐ TauR * TauC)
F/(g0*m0) = a0/32.174((2TauR/(gamma‐1)(TauL/(TauR*TauC)‐1)(TauC‐
1)+TauL/(TauR*TauC)*M0**2)**0.5‐M0)
S = f/(F/m0)*10**6
TauAB = TauL * TauT
ftot = (Cp*T0/h)*(TauLAB ‐ TauR)
F/(g0*m0) = a0/32.174((2/(gamma‐1)*TauLAB/(TauR*TauC*TauT)(TauR*TauC*TauT ‐ 1))**0.5 ‐
M0)
S = ftot/(F/m0)*10**6
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Results
Ramjet
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Turbojet with temperature variation
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Turbojet with compression ratio variation
Turbojet with afterburner and temperature variation
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Turbojet with afterburner and compression ratio variation
Graphs
Temperature Effect on Thrust
80.00
79.00
78.00
Thrust (F/gm)
77.00
76.00
75.00 Turbojet
74.00 Ramjet
73.00 Turbojet w/AB
72.00
71.00
3,500 3,600 3,700 3,800 3,900 4,000 4,100 4,200 4,300
Temperature (F)
The turbojet and ramjet temperature‐thrust lines are very similar and overlap.
Engine Weight vs Thrust
5000.00
4500.00
Engine Weight (lbm)
4000.00
3500.00
3000.00
2500.00 Turbojet AB
2000.00
1500.00 Turbojet
1000.00 Ramjet
500.00
0.00
0.00 20.00 40.00 60.00 80.00 100.00 120.00 140.00
Thrust (F/gm)
The ramjet offers steady performance for a low weight. This will be useful for aircraft carrying many
delivery systems.
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Compression Ratio Effect on Thrust
120.00
100.00
Thrust (F/gm)
80.00
60.00
Turbojet
40.00
Turbojet w/AB
20.00
0.00
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Compression Ratio
Compression ratio did not affect the thrust provided with or without an afterburner.
Thrust versus Fuel Consumption
140.00
120.00
100.00
Thrust (f/gm)
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Recommendations
The Edwardsville Ramjet Engine Company is able to design a superior ordinance delivery system. The
technological, and financial reasons can be broken down into several categories. The breakdown below
explains the differences between a ramjet, turbojet, and turbojet with afterburner. With each the
complexity, and cost increases.
Production
Our system will cost less to produce. A ramjet system is much simpler to produce. It is a simple system
made up of a tube, fuel tank, combustor, and a fan. While a turbojet has a compressor, turbine,
combustor, and several variables to control. The complexity further increases when an afterburner is
added to the system. The AB also increases fuel consumption, and results in a heavier fuel tank, and
more thrust required to move the system.
A complex system is expensive to produce, and much more wasteful to destroy with each missile. It is a
waste of production resources, material resources, fuel, and time.
Sensitivity to change
The ramjet as shown in the analysis section is resistant to change. Temperature, or compression will not
will not change the cycle. Fuel consumption, and thrust are fairly constant. This is good for a missile
that may be launched from non‐ideal conditions, such as battle, or elevation changes.
A turbojet flown in non‐design conditions is also very sensitive to change. Fuel consumption, and thrust
are easily effected by the compression ratio, and external temperature.
For a fixed amount of fuel onboard the missile, it is important that it offers stable flight parameters, for
a variety of conditions. The ramjet has a robust flight envelope.
Overall weight
The average weight of a ramjet system is approximately 2000 lbm. The range of weights for a turbojet
system is 2000 lbm to 4000 lbm. A turbojet system also has much higher fuel consumption. Nearly
double what a ramjet consumes. This is shown in the analysis section. A heavier delivery system
requires more fuel to fly, and it also requires more fuel and thrust in the primary delivery vehicle. Which
will most likely be a fighter jet with a fixed amount of fuel, and must be able to fly in a variety of
conditions. An afterburner will further increase the fuel consumption, but does not increase the weight
of the system significantly.
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Overall size
A ramjet as shown in the analysis is very small. It can easily be a long tube with a fuel tank. The turbojet,
especially at higher compression ratios will have a smaller diameter. But because of the complexity of
parts, and weight of the additional parts, is much longer, and much heavier still.
The ramjet is the better choice for this missile system. It is cheap, light, efficient, and easily produced.
There are much fewer parts to design, maintain, and worry about failing.