CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION
Rationale of the Study
Rapid social and economic growth in countries of the world has resulted in an
increase both in the number of elderly people who are prone to a degenerative and
chronic diseases, and new patterns of illnesses that are brought on by social and
economic factors such as occupational hazards, accidents, and environmental
poisonings caused by air pollution, noise and contaminated water. One of the solutions
for these challenges is to strengthen health systems based on primary health care. An
adequate and competent health workforce is important for a health system to function
effectively.
Community Health Nurse encompasses autonomous and collaborative care of
individuals of all ages, families, groups and communities, sick or well and in all settings.
Nursing includes the promotion of health, prevention of illness, and the care of ill,
disabled and dying people. Advocacy, promotion of a safe environment, research,
participation in shaping health policy and in patient and health systems management,
and education are also key nursing roles. Their client is the community, and not any
individual person. A community comprises people of various ages, health conditions,
social status and cultures. The community health nurses are expected to focus their
work on disease prevention and health promotion, including promotion of self-care. At
the same time, there are many players in the community in the area of health. These
include individual persons, family, community people, community leaders, local
government, the health viii A framework for community health nursing education
workforce and people from sectors outside health or from nongovernmental
organizations. Community health nurses need to coordinate and collaborate with these
people.
As a profile, community diagnosis is a description of the communitys state of health.
There are two types of community diagnosis---

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Community organizing is the process whereby the community members develop the
capability to assess their health needs and problems, plan and implement actions to
solve these problems, and put up and sstain organizational structures. It comprises of
general phases:
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
VII.

Pre-Entry Phase
Entry into the Community Phase
Community Integration Phase
Social Analysis Phase
Action Phase
Evaluation Phase
Exit and Expansion Phase

Community Organizing Participatory Action Research (COPAR) may be defined as

the process and structures through which members of a community are organized for
participation in health care and community development activities. It comprises of the
following phases:
I.
II.
III.
IV.

Pre- Entry phase

Entry Phase
Organization Building Phase
Sustenance and Strengthening Phase

Purpose
Velez College - College of Nursing, in considering the less privileged Sitio Lower Dayas, Barangay Day-as, plans to utilize Community Organizing to increase awareness in
the issues and problems in the community that may or may have a great impact on the
well-being of each person by promoting health, preventing illness, prolonging life
through participation of the community in health teachings and community programs.

Statement of Objectives
General:
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The comprehensive diagnosis aims to develop a accurate and reliable database to

serve as primary source of information of the several community outreach to be
conducted for the residents of Sitio Lower Day-as.
Specific:
The comprehensive diagnosis aims to:
1. Obtain general information on the community concerned through a student-family
interview and comprehensive assessment..
2. Determine the strengths and weaknesses of the community concerned.
3. Increase community awareness regarding their general status
4. Promote participation and openness in the activities such as community organizing.
4. Encourage participation of the community in community organizing, as this promotes
the peoples sense of ownership, respect, and to encourage self-reliance
5. Alleviate their present condition by empowering the community through passing of the
knowledge on health promotion, illness prevention and care of illness.
6. Collaborate with existing community leaders for support and promoting wellness and
participation for the betterment of the community.
7. Address health related factors that contribute to the overall health care function.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research Design

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In conducting our research in the community, we used the Action Research Design
through collecting surveys from individual families. Action research refers to a wide variety of
evaluative, investigative, and analytical research methods designed to diagnose problems or
weaknesseswhether organizational, academic, or instructionaland help educators develop
practical solutions to address them quickly and efficiently. Action research may also be applied
to programs or educational techniques that are not necessarily experiencing any problems, but
that educators simply want to learn more about and improve. (Hidden curriculum (2014, August
26).

In

S.

Abbott

(Ed.),

The

glossary

of

education

reform.

Retrieved

from

http://edglossary.org/hidden-curriculum)

Research Environment
The survey which includes family assessment was conducted at Sitio Lower Dayas, Barangay Day-as, Cebu City. It is the whole block across the barangay hall. It is
runs along the main road, making it convenient to the resident in terms of transportation.
The sitio is congested with houses made of mixed constructing materials. There
is chapel situated at the heart of the sitio. Most of the time, the boundary of Sitio Lower
Day-as from Sitio Upper Day-as can confuse even the residents from the barangay.
Most residents have their water sources inside their houses. Their garbage are
kept in assorted garbage bags, which are then collected by garbage trucks.
Research Information
Informants were mainly middle aged and older adults who were capable of interacting
with the interview and answering the questions being asked by the interviewer. They
have an average of 95% reliability. The researcher made sure to interview one member
of the family as a representative of the entire family in case of the absence of the family
head. This is made to be able to voice out their living condition, health problems, other
concerns and other important information needed to be known during the assessment.
In collecting data, the researchers conducted an interview. Stickers were also put with a
legend that indicate whether each houses were interviewed or not.

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Research Instrument
A comprehensive questionnaire were used as a primary research instrument. It
served a standardized tool for family community assessment.
The instrument was give, evaluated and approved by the clinical instructor. To
ensure its qualification in collecting and gathering data for the population in the
community, professionals and experts examined it first. Each researcher has a different
strategy in interviewing thus, lapses could be expected. Errors occurred during the
collating and compiling of the data gathered. Mistakes were also detected in the
questionnaire which contributed to another problem to the researchers during the
collating and compiling of the data gathered. Some questions were not that precise and
accurate to be able to extract and isolate specific data that is why most of which were
confused causing inconsistency upon compilation. Each part of the data has been
reviewed for several times others were even revised to obtain more accuracy and
correct data. Errors were solved with the contribution of each researcher in compiling
data and also with the help and guidance of the clinical instructor.
Closed-ended and open-ended questions comprised the instrument. The questions
were made simple and easy for the interviewee to understand for better and more
accurate answers. Information of the family such as family profile, health status,
physical environment, economic, social culture and religion are collected using the
given questionnaire. Also, family assessment by the researchers were patterned by the
questions in the questionnaire. Any data given by the interviewee not related to the
given questions were omitted. Reviewing of the parts especially those which are were
not assessed properly have been reviewed several times to avoid conflict in the later
part of the study. All this data collected and gathered has been collected and examined
to omit errors and to get an accurate result. Generalizations as well as conclusions were
then formulated.

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Methods of Data Collection

August 29, 2014 marked the first visitation of the students to Sitio Tender Heart, Brgy.
Day-as. Together with the clinical instructors and a Barangay Tanod, they were escorted
around the Sitio, visualizing its landmarks, environment and its borders. It was also their
first chance to be acquainted with the residents. Through the ocular survey, they had
started pointing out the different houses that they might interview, agreeing among
themselves so no family will be interviewed by two students during the data collection.
After the tour, the Spotmappers started sketching the sitio's map as some members put
up the the house and family numbers on every household. These signs contains three
shapes which would indicate whether the family living in that house is away, has been
interviewed or refused to to answer the students' questions. All students are instructed
to fill this sign up for accuracy's sake and for the data to coincide.
For the assessment proper, the students were given two forms each, indicating that they
have to interview one or two families. This would ensure that all families in Sitio Tender
Heart are assessed and that every student is given a chance to interview. After the final
instructions, they went off to the different parts of the sitio to look for a family to assess.
Before starting the actual interview, the researchers explained the purpose of the
interview to the family, making sure that the family knows that the information we would
gather is confidential and for research purposes only. Upon gaining permission, the
students utilized the use of face-to-face interview wherein they got to interact with one
reliable member of the household, asking them different questions that were indicated in
the questionnaires. At the same time, the students observed for nonverbal cues which
could prompt a deeper assessment, considering that the family would allow more
personal questions regarding their health condition and practices. After the interview,
the students offered to take the family members' BP as a way of showing gratitude to
the family's openness.

Limitations of the Study

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The students are to interview only those families residing in Sitio Tender Heart, Brgy.
Day-as that were physically present during the day of data collection and gave them
permission to do the assessment. The families who were away or refused to be
interviewed are excluded in the study but were still counted in the total number of
families residing in the sitio. All other areas that were not a part of the Sitio are excluded
as well.

CHAPTER 2
TARGET COMMUNITY PROFILE
Barangay Day-as
A. Geographical Identifiers
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HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
One of the barangay present in Cebu is the Barangay of Day-as. The history of Day-as
as of today is almost forgotten. Some says that it was named out of an old folk joke
where a woman was frequently called out (Day) and then said to think (as-think in
the old Cebuano language).
In the primitive times, Cebuanos got their sources of living from the abundance of
natural resources of their native land.
One of these was fishing. Because of the wide seas that surround Cebu, fishing
became one of the most well-known livelihoods. It was during the Spanish regime when
there began a tight competition among fisher folks who were from a barrio named Dayas, in the town of Cordova in Opon (Lapu-lapu City), supplied fishes along the interior
part of Imus Street. As they visited the place, they frequently did their daily business,
and that part of Imus adopted was formally name DAY-AS.
It was in 1910 that the Barangay Day-as was formally established, alongside the merrymaking activities that old folks were celebrating that day. The barangay is composed of
approximately 14, 800 people with total land area of 6 hectares equivalent to 60,000
square meters. Also, there are 3,700 registered voters. The residents of Barangay Dayas considered themselves as one barangay and one family. This is the reason why they
celebrate the feast of the Holy Family on the month of December.

Barangay Day-as has a total of 11 sitios namely:

SITIOS
1. Ulidanin
2. SYC
(Sikatuna Youth Club)
3. Beavers

PATRON SAINTS
San Jose
Mother of Rule

FEAST DAY
September
November

San Antonio

Last week of May

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4. Upper Day-as
5. Peralta Compound
6. Lower Day-as

San Roque and Santa Cruz

Santo Nino
Our Lady of Fatima and

August and May

January
May

(Ismus)
7. Symwa
8. Feathers Gala
9. Tender Hearts Club
10. Sab-a

Santa Cruz
Santo Nino
San Roque
Mother of Perpetual Help
Santo Nino

January
December
July
January

Newly Elected Barangay Officials Last October 28, 2013

POSITION

NAME

Barangay Captain

PUERTO, JEROME VILLARIN

Barangay Councilor

BERNAL, MARILYN DURAN

Barangay Councilor

DINGAL, NICKELITO LUGATIMAN

Barangay Councilor
Barangay Councilor
Barangay Councilor
Barangay Councilor
Barangay Councilor
Barangay Treasurer
Barangay Secretary

ESMAS, FREDDIE TORRES

CANIGA, BENIGNO SR. DAYAP
HISOLER, REGALADO, JR. DINAWANAO
FEROLIN, CARLOS CATULPOS
FLORES, EDGAR PALAMOS
RAMA, MAISAN T.
SARMIENTO, CARLITO B.

Location Proximity of SitioTenderhearts, Brgy Day-as

SitioTender Heart is found next to the Sitio of Symwa which is proximate to the Carshop
and daycare center few blocks from the Barangay hall. The borderline of sitio Tender
Heart is near the basketball court few meters towards the pathway to the sywma road,
the store near the large canal connecting the from the Ramos canal towards the Patero
canal and through the borders of Sitio Sab-a. Houses in the area are mostly in
bungalow and 2 story buildings built out of mixed materials approximately 50-80 square
meters. The area is also congested. Most houses are owned and estimated land are of
9 | Page

SitioTender Heart is 1 hectare or equivalent to 1000 square meter. Entrance through the
Sitio is by foot or can be accessed by small vehicles like motorcycles an multicabs. The
road towards there is very narrow but cemented. There are also no factories present
near the area.
SPOT MAP(See Appendix A)

B. Population Profile
Population Density
I.
II.

Population Density = _____________________

Total Population of the Area Surveyed (SitioTender Heart, Day-as, Cebu City)

III.

= 233
Total Number of Families Surveyed =54

I.

COMMUNITY PROFILE

POPULATION PYRAMID

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INTERPRETATION:
There are 233 respondents in Sitio Tender Heart, Barangay Day-as. They are classified
according to their age groups (0-4 years, 5-9 years, 10-14 years, 15-19 years, 20-24
years, 25-29 years, 30-34 years, 35-39 years, 40-44 years, 45-49 years, 50-54 years,
55-59 years, 60-64 years, 65-69 years, 70-74 years, 75-59 years, 80-84 years, and 85
years old and above) and to their gender.
For ages 0-4 years old, there are 11 males and 8 females. For ages 5-9 years old, there
are 10 males and 13 females. For ages 10-14, there are 11 males and 12 females. For
ages 15-19, there are 15 males and 14 females. For ages 20-24, there are 13 males
and 8 females. For ages 25-29, there are 9 males and 14 females. For ages 30-34,
there are 7 males and 8 females. For ages 35-39, there are 7 males and 8 females. For
ages 40-44, there are 5 males and 10 females. For ages 45-49, there are 2 males and 8
females. For ages 50-54, there are 3 males and 3 females. For ages 55-59, there are 6
males and 4 females. For ages 60-64, there are 6 males and 5 females. For ages 6569, there are 5 males and 5 females. For ages 70-74, there are neither males nor
females. For ages 75-79, there is 1 male and no female. For ages 80-84, there is no
male and 1 female. For ages 85 and above, there are neither males nor females.
ANALYSIS:
At the lower part of the pyramid, from ages 15-19 years old, there is a large group of
people. The pyramid narrows toward the top due to higher death among older people
than among younger people.
IMPLICATIONS:

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Majority of the population belong to 40 years old and below. The ratio between the
number of people in the dependent age (0-14 and 65 years old up) to the number of
people in the working age group (15-64 years old) is 1:2. For every two persons, there
is 1 dependent person. A high dependency ratio means those of working age - and the
overall economy - face a greater burden in supporting the aging population. High
dependency ratio may lead to low tax revenues, higher government spending, higher
tax rates, and inequality. A high dependency ratio indicates that the economically active
population and the overall economy face a greater burden to support and provide the
social services needed by children and by older persons who are often economically
dependent.
Source:
http://www.economicshelp.org/
http://www.un.org/esa/sustdev/natlinfo/indicators/methodology_sheets/demographics/de
pendency_ratio.pdf
SEX DISTRIBUTION

Series 1
120
119
118
117
Series 1

116
115
114
113
112
111
Male

Female

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INTERPRETATION:
Among 233 being surveyed in Sitio Tender Heart Barangay Day-As, 114 are males while
119 are females, which comprise 49% and 51% of the population respectively. This is
composed of people from 0-80 years old and above.
ANALYSIS:
The ratio of male to female in Barangay Day-As, Sitio Tender Heart is nearly 1:1. There
are slightly more female than there are males. A great number of females are found
between the ages 15-29.
IMPLICATIONS:
Gender planning recognises that in most societies low-income women have a
triple

role:

women

managing activities,

while

undertake reproductive, productive,

men

primarily

and community

undertake productive and community

politics activities.
Reproductive roles are Childbearing/rearing responsibilities, and domestic
tasks done by women, required to guarantee the maintenance and reproduction
of the labour force. It includes not only biological reproduction but also the care
and maintenance of the work force (male partner and working children) and the
future work force (infants and school-going children).
Productive role is work done by both men and women for pay in cash or
kind. It includes both market production with an exchange-value, and subsistence
or home production with actual use-value, and also potential exchange-value.
Community managing roles are activities undertaken primarily by
women at the community level, as an extension of their reproductive role, to
ensure the provision and maintenance of scarce resources of collective
consumption, such as water, health care and education. This is voluntary unpaid
work, undertaken in 'free' time.
Community politics role are activities undertaken primarily by men at
the community level, organising at the formal political level, often within the

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framework of national politics. This is usually paid work, either directly or

indirectly, through status or power.
Source:
http://www.ilo.org/public/english/region/asro/mdtmanila/training/unit1/groles.htm

MARITAL STATUS

Marital Status

6% 1% 1%

Single
Married
Live - in

31%

Separated
61%

Widowed

INTERPRETATION:
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Among the 233 people interviewed in Barangay Day-as, majority are single with
61% (141), 31% (72) are married, 6% (14) are live in partners, and with the smallest
number with 1% are both widowed(4) and separated(2)
ANALYSIS:
Based on the gathered result, single people dominates because children and
young adolescents were included in tallying the data, in which they are still very young
to be married and have higher priorities such as education and career, next is the
married couples that constitute the families within the population. There is also widowed
in which their spouses passed away due to old age and illness, then lastly couple who
are separated due to misunderstanding, financial problems leading to fu=ights and
eventually separation.
IMPLICATIONS:
Marriage is based on the truth that men and women are complementary, the
biological fact that reproduction depends on a man and a woman, and the reality that
children need a mother and a father. Redefining marriage does not simply expand the
existing understanding of marriage; it rejects these truths. Marriage is societys least
restrictive means of ensuring the well-being of children. By encouraging the norms of
marriagemonogamy, sexual exclusivity, and permanencethe state strengthens civil
society and reduces its own role. The future of this country depends on the future of
marriage. The future of marriage depends on citizens understanding what it is and why
it matters and demanding that government policies support, not undermine, true
marriage.
Source:
http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2013/03/marriage-what-it-is-why-it-mattersand-the-consequences-of-redefining-it

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HIGHEST EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

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Highest Educational Attainment

Elementary Level

Elementary Graduate

School Level

School Graduate

College Level

College Graduate

Others

Not in school

6% 1% 6%
5%

15%

24%

8%

35%

INTERPRETATION:
Among the 157 people being assessed with their highest educational attainment, 2
people are in elementary level, 9 people for elementary graduate, 23 people for high
school level, and 55 people high school graduate, 13 people for college level, 38 people
for college graduate, 8 people for others and 9 people who are not in school.
ANALYSIS
Majority of the population are the high school graduates in order for them to work and
have some salary because some jobs only require high school graduate students to be
qualified of the said job. Also a big part of the population is college graduates in order
for them to help their family and earn money to arise from what status they are into.

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IMPLICATION
The school years are the grounding years of ones education. Education provides us
with knowledge about the world and paves the way for a good career. It helps builds
character.
Source:
http://www.buzzle.com/articles/why-is-education-so-important.html

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PRESENT EDUCATIONAL LEVEL

14%

18%
Pre -School

22%

Elementary
45%

High School
College

INTERPRETATION
In Barangay Day as, 76 people are still schooling. Majority of that population are still
in Elementary level with 34 people, followed by people who are in High School with 17
people, 14 are still in Pre-school and 11 are already in college.

ANALYSIS
Most of the the population in Barangay Day-as are still in elementary level, since there
are a lot of children present in the community. Parents are sending them to school in
order for them to obtain knowledge and have a better future. People in the barangay
believe that to be able to get a stable job you need to have proper education.

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IMPLICATION
Education is absolutely beneficial for society on the whole. This helps in eradicating
illiteracy and may provide a person access not only to basic education but also to higher
and technical education. Education also paves the way for a good career and can help
in their communitys growth and development.
Sources:
http://www.buzzle.com/articles/why-is-education-so-important.html
http://www.essayforum.com/writing-3/importance-education-beneficial-society-whole40043/

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EMPLOYMENT RATE

Employment rate

35%
65%

Employed
Unemployed

INTERPRETATION:
As surveyed, out of 233 families residing in Sitio Tender Heart, Barangay Day-As, 81
are currently employed and 152 are unemployed.

ANALYSIS:
Based on the results, majority of the people residing in Sitio Tender Heart, Barangay
Day-As are unemployed, this is due to factors that include a lack of educated workers
and a suppressed economy. Other causes include a large working population in a
relatively small area with little industry. Also, upon observation of the Sitio we surveyed,
majority of the residents tend to depend on others to seek jobs for them, this is a result
of the lack of social skills that will contribute to a, needless to say, suppressed life. The
key policy implications are that higher economic growth and moderation of increases in
the real minimum wage are required to reduce unemployment.

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IMPLICATIONS:
There are social and political implications of unemployment such as poverty it may
cause the increase in crime rate, squatting, malnutrition; unemployed people may also
blame the government because of the latters incapability to provide or generate jobs for
the masses; It would also gradually degenerate moral community norms and values;
unemployed individuals may eventually address their distrust to the church. In addition,
a high rate of population growth, lack of access to land, insufficient job creation in
industry, and a history of inappropriate economic policies contributed to high
unemployment and underemployment and are relatively high proportion of the labour
force being in low-productivity, service sector jobs.
Lastly, one evident cause of unemployment in the Philippines is the lack
of education. We are facing a competitive world and its a must to reach the norms of
development. Thus, a high educational attainment, which most Filipinos lack, is one way
to uplift the unemployment rate of the country.
Sources:
https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/cat/longres.cfm?sk=15591.0
http://www.scribd.com/doc/72611153/What-Causes-Unemployment-in-the-Philippines

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PLACE OF ORIGIN

Place of Origin

15%
Cebu City
Outside Cebu City

22%
63%

Outside Cebu

INTERPRETATION:
As shown in the table above, out of 54 families, there are 34 (63%) families that said
they are originated within Cebu City, 8 (15%) families originated outside Cebu, 12 (63%)
families outside Cebu City.
ANALYSIS:
Based on the assessment, most families in Upper and Lower Barangay Day-as are
originated within Cebu City. They are trying to get their job in a urban place to have a
better income, a better job, and a better life.
IMPLICATION:
The data is all about transferring from one place to another. According to the Article 13
of Universal Declaration of Human Rights, states that Everyone has the right to leave
any country, including his own, and to return to his country Everyone has the freedom
to transfer to one place to another.
Source: http://www.iom.int/cms/en/sites/iom/home/about-migration/key-migration-terms1.html
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FAMILY FORMS

Family Forms
Nuclear

Extended

Single Parent

Cohabiting

Others

15%
8%
51%

9%
18%

INTERPRETATION:
Out of the 54 families being assessed at Barangay Day-as, majority of the families in
the community have a Nuclear family type which consists of 28 families . Secondary to
the majority are the extended families which consists of 10 families. And there are 5
Single Parent families, 3 who are Cohabiting, and 8 others ( Dyad, Foster, Blended,
Commuter and Commune).
ANALYSIS:
Based on the graph above, majority of the people in Barangay Day-as belong to a
Nuclear type of family, which consists of the father, mother, and children because these
families choose to stay on their own rather than staying in one house with other family
members. But even though they live separately, their other families are just within the
community. Then followed by the Extended type of family which consists of the Lola,
Lolo and then the father, mother and children. This maybe due to Filipinos being familyoriented.
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IMPLICATION:
According to the family systems theory, a theory introduced by Dr. Murray Bowen that
suggests that individuals cannot be understood in isolation from one another, but rather
as a part of their family, as the family is an emotional unit. Families are systems of
interconnected and interdependent individuals, none of whom can be understood in
isolation from the system.
Source:
https://www.thebowencenter.org/pages/theory.html

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LENGTH OF STAY

INTERPRETATION:
The graph above shows that 19 families stayed in barangay Day-as at the range of 1
month to 10 years, 9 families for 11-20 years, 5 families for 21-30 years, 4 families for
31-40 years, 5 families for 41-50 years, 3 families for 51-60 years and 1 for 71-80 years.

ANALYSIS:
Based from the data presented above, majority of the families has been living there at
the range of 1 month to 10 years. This indicates that most of the residents in barangay
Day-as are relocatee and that only a few numbers of families have been living in there

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since the time they were born. It is because it can be proven that only 17 families have
been staying in the barangay for 41 years onward.

IMPLICATION:
Research has shown that families move because they are looking for better educational
and lifetime opportunities for themselves and their offspring. Other factors to be
considered for families length of stay are polluted environments, or natural disasters in
their places of origin.
It is a fact that in the Philippines, there are already quite a number of families that
transfer from one place to another due to poverty and it is now a main issue that the
society is facing in this generation.
Source:
http://cgge.aag.org/Migration1e/ConceptualFramework_Jan10/ConceptualFramework_J
an10_print.html

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II.

PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT

HOUSE OWNERSHIP

House Ownership
Owned

Rent

3rd Qtr

4%
24%

72%

INTERPRETATION:
The graph above indicates that 72% of the 54 families interviewed or 39 families
own their home, 24% of the families or 13 families are renting their home and 4% of the
families or 2 families are sharing a house with another family.
ANALYSIS:
Majority of the families own their own houses because they find it more
convenient in terms of being able to control the setting and environment of their
household. Families dont have to worry about rent, damage to property, or any source
of liabilities. Other families rent houses because they dont have the luxury to pay for the
whole house to themselves. If any damages and repairs are to be done, they wont be
held liable for it but the landlord will. Some families share a house with other families
because they find it more practical than buying and renting a house for they could save
more money.
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IMPLICATION:
A home is a dwelling-place used as a permanent or semi-permanent residence
for an individual, family, or household. A home is the place where you live, love, and
feel welcomed. It is a place where you feel safe and comfortable. Home may relate to a
mental or emotional state of refuge or comfort.
Whether buying a home or renting a home, the physiological and financial status
of a family can be affected. With this reason, families need to think through which option
suit them best. To every family finances are a problem and in the community, it is
something they must monitor in order to sustain and maintain their lifestyle. To families
who can pay for the whole house, owning a home is an advantage because it can be
adjusted to their convenience and comfort, which could affect their health. Although for
some who own a house, they take the responsibility of repairs and damages, Some
people dont want to take the time or money in repairing, in order to save. This could
prevent safety hazards. If a home is rented, repairs and hazards are taken care of by
the owner. This way they can avoid the common safety dangers in the house. A home is
also a place of promotion and preservation Housing is an important determinant of
health, and substandard housing is a major public health issue. It is important that we
teach how to improve indoor environmental quality, assessing housing conditions, and
advocating for healthy, affordable housing. Addressing housing issues offers public
health practitioners an opportunity to address an important social determinant of health.
Sources:
http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_difference_between_a_house_and_a_home
http://england.shelter.org.uk/campaigns/why_we_campaign/the_housing_crisis/what_is
_the_housing_crisis/what_makes_a_house_a_home

29 | P a g e

LOT OWNERSHIP

Lot Ownership

Owned
Rent
Others 13

INTERPRETATION:
The graph above indicates that 52% or 29 families who were interviewed owned
their lots, while 24% or 13 families just rented and the other 24 % or 13 families didnt
rent or own their lots they have other reasons like owned by the government.
ANALYSIS:
Most of the families in the community owned the lot that they live in. This is
because lots were passed down or given from other relatives or family and others given
to live on by one of the owners. Some of the families chose to rent due to its
convenience and it is also cheaper. This also lessens their responsibility because it is
managed by the landlord. Other families dont belong to the two classifications they just
lived in the lot because they have no other place to stay.
IMPLICATION:
The lot owner owns the inside of the unit but not the main structure of the building.
Usually the four main walls, the ceiling, roof and the floor are common property. The
30 | P a g e

internal walls within the lot (eg. the wall between the kitchen and lounge room), floor
coverings such as carpet and fixtures such as baths, toilet bowls, bench tops are all the
property of the lot owner. A lot owner effectively owns the airspace (and anything
included in the airspace) inside the boundary walls, floor and ceiling of the lot.
The owners corporation must look after common property and do all repairs, unless it
decides by special resolution that it is inappropriate for a particular item and its decision
will not affect the safety or appearance of the strata scheme. This includes replacing
and renewing common property when needed.
Source:
http://www.fairtrading.nsw.gov.au/ftw/Tenants_and_home_owners/Strata_schemes/Com
mon_property_and_the_lot.page

31 | P a g e

HOME APPLIANCES PRESENT

Home Appliances present

TV

Radio

Others

none

8%
38%

22%

33%

INTERPRETATION:
Of 54 houses assessed for Home appliances present, 45 (37.5%) had television, 39
(32.5%) had radio, 26 (22%) had other appliances such as refrigerator, laptop, electric
fan, rice cooker, aircon, etc., 10 (8%) had no appliances.
ANALYSIS:
Based on the assessment, most families about 4 out of 10 has television at home, 3
out of 10 has radio, 1 out of 10 families has no appliances, and 2 out of 10 families has
other appliances such as refrigerator, computer, laptop, electric fan, rice cooker, aircon).
In this situation, there would be advantages and disadvantages that may come up,
advantages are the following: can save time, convenience, easy to use, portable and
modern (which can be used as a decoration at home) while the disadvantages are
lesser space, prone to fire, and bad environmental impact (sources of pollution).

32 | P a g e

IMPLICATION:
Kitchen appliances were designed to make life easier when cooking and
preparing food. Since the mid-1800s, people have been thinking of new and innovative
ways to store food, cook food and clean up after eating food. Many of these ideas were
good enough to be used by a large number of people and they are still around today.
Inventors are still trying to make things easier by coming up with new products that do
more things. Following is a few of the inventions that have stood the test of time and
continue to be used by millions of people today (thepeoplehistory.com, 2004). There are
many examples when the house has the right tools not only save time but also save our
money. High quality home appliances help us maintain a healthy lifestyle. They can help
us cook fresh food and eat right as well as preserve personal items such as our clothes
by cleaning them with a good timely washer and dryer (Vita Merisia, 2010).

33 | P a g e

WINDOWS PRESENT

windows present
1 window

more than 1 window

7%

no window

17%

76%

INTERPRETATION:
A total of 54 families were assessed. 9 (17%) families have 1 window only, 41
(76%)families have more than 1 window, and 4 (7%)families have no window.
ANALYSIS:
Based on the assessment, most of the families in the community live in homes or
houses with more than 1 window. In this situation, there would be poor ventilation, less
comfort that leads to sleeping pattern disturbances of family members in those families
with 1 window and without any window at all.
IMPLICATION:
Windows have several significant roles. Primarily, they help in filtering air and
sunlight, even as they provide passageway to it. Without windows, the rooms would
definitely be a lot more dingy. They are also able escape routes in times of fire or
34 | P a g e

accidental locking of doors. Windows can be of many types; the sliding windows and the
double glazed windows, the vinyl replacement windows and the very own wooden shaft
windows.
Source:
http://www.geaconstruction.com/importance-of-windows-in-houses/

35 | P a g e

SAFETY HAZARDS

Safety Hazards

13% 16%
26%
7%

13%
25%

loose rickety stairs

sharps and matches within

reach of children

loose doors, walls and

posts

soft drinks bottles used as

kerosene storage

Medicines and poisonous

substance kept side by
side

No safety hazards

INTERPRETATION:
Of 54 houses assessed for safety hazards, 10 (16%) had loose rickety stairs, 8 (13%)
had sharps and matches within reach of children, 15 (25%) had loose doors, walls and
post, 4 (7%) utilized soft drinks bottles as kerosene storage, 16 (26%) have medicines
and poisonous substance kept side by side and 8 (13%) houses had no safety hazards
ANALYSIS:
Majority of the safety hazards include loose doors, walls, and posts. This is because
most of the residents do not have funds or allot budget to household modifications.
Presence of sharps and matches within reach of children, and medicines and other
poisonous substances kept side by side can be attributed to lack of storage room. Soft
drink bottles used as kerosene storage are present because of the use in firewood in
cooking and also because the residents believe it is an easy storage form with easy
access.

36 | P a g e

IMPLICATIONS:
Steps and Stoops
Its important that all the steps in and around your home are sturdy and safe. Damaged,
cracked, or chipped steps can be a serious hazard. Unsecured handrails are dangerous
and should be attached solidly.
http://creativeconcretelandscape.com/rockford-landscaping-services/rockfordconcrete/rockford-steps-and-stoops/
Doors and Windows
They could be skylights that allow light to stream in - not only do they have an impact
on what you can see outside, but they can help control temperature and insulation.
They can also be a safety hazards to small children and people with impaired critical
thinking skills but if left unsecured and poorly maintained it can lead to disastrous
results.
Sharps and Matches
It's common for kids to get scrapes and cuts on the playground, but they can be
protected from sharp and dangerous items around and outside the home. As a safety
precaution keep knives, forks, scissors, and other sharp utensils in a drawer with a
safety latch. Keep babies and toddlers a safe distance away when you load and unload
the dishwasher to prevent them from grabbing sharp utensils or glassware that could
break ( might want to use a dishwasher lock at other times.)
http://kidshealth.org/parent/firstaid_safe/home/safety_cuts.html
Kerosene Storage
Unsafe fuel storage puts your health and safety at risk. It can also affect everyone
around you. Fuel spills can contaminate the surrounding soil, wells and groundwater.
The contamination can spread to sicken humans and animals who come in contact with
37 | P a g e

it. Vapors from improperly stored gasoline and kerosene are dangerous to inhale and
fatal in enclosed spaces such as a garage or basement. Fire and explosions can also
be

triggered

by

unsafe

fuel

storage.

http://www.ehow.com/about_6663972_fuel-storage-safety.html

38 | P a g e

MATERIAS USED

Materials used

1.4

1.2
mixed
light

3.2

8.2

strong
4th Qtr

INTERPRETATION:
A total of 54 household were assessed in the community. 34 families answered that
their house is made of mixed materials (wood and cement). 12 families said that their
house is made of light materials (wood) while 4 families said that their house is made of
strong materials.
ANALYSIS:
Majority of the houses in the community are made up of mixed materials, including the
wood and cement, minimal of them used only wood which has a low cost in building a
house however wood material is good insulator of fire that may increase the fire incident
in the community.

39 | P a g e

IMPLICATION:
70 percent used mixed materials in building their house .Wood is more economical than
concrete, only 12 percent used light material in the community which may also decrease
fire incident just in case. However using concrete material as the base of the house may
also have disadvantage if a strong earthquake may occur.

40 | P a g e

NUMBER OF ROOMS

Number of Rooms

11%

4% 2%

1 room
2 rooms
46%

3 rooms
5 rooms
6 rooms

37%

INTERPRETATION:
A total of 54 households were assessed. 25 households have 1 room for sleeping, 20
households have 2 rooms, 6 households have 3 rooms, 2 households have 5 rooms
and 1 household has 6 rooms.
ANALYSIS:
Based on the assessment, most families in the community live in homes or houses with
only one or two rooms with more than 3 members. In this situation, there would be poor
ventilation and space, movement restriction, secluded privacy, increased physical
contact, lack of sleep, poor hygiene practices and inability to care adequately for sick
household members. Since most people of the community have problems regarding
finances, there would be poor status of lifestyle, allocation of services and satisfaction of
needs leading to problems like household crowding.

41 | P a g e

IMPLICATION:
Persons per room is a measure of crowding that considers all rooms in a private
dwelling and the number of household members. It is calculated by dividing the number
of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling. A higher value of
'persons per room' indicates a higher level of crowding.

42 | P a g e

III.

ENVIRONMENTAL INDICATORS

Water Purification
Yes, Chlorination; 4%
no,Doesn't buy mineral water but drinks water from the faucet; 23%
yes, Boiling; 2%

No, buys mineral water ; 71%

INTERPRETATION:
23 % of the total families interviewed do not buy mineral water but drinks from the
faucet, 4% used chlorination and 2% used boiling for water purification, 71 % of the
families buys mineral water for drinking.
ANALYSIS:
Majority of the people in the community use mineral water for drinking because it
is safer and it reduces the risk of acquiring water-related diseases like diarrhea and
cholera. Some of the people drinks water from the faucet, this increases the risk of
acquiring water-related diseases because of ingesting contaminated water. Only a
few used boiling and chlorination for water purification.
IMPLICATION:
Water is a fundamental human need. Each person on Earth requires at least 20 to
50 liters of clean, safe water a day for drinking, cooking, and simply keeping
themselves clean.

43 | P a g e

Polluted water isnt just dirtyits deadly. Some 1.8 million people die every year of
diarrheal diseases like cholera. Tens of millions of others are seriously sickened by a
host of water-related ailmentsmany of which are easily preventable.
The United Nations considers universal access to clean water a basic human right,
and an essential step towards improving living standards worldwide. Water-poor
communities are typically economically poor as well, their residents trapped in an
ongoing cycle of poverty.
Water is obviously essential for hydration and for food productionbut sanitation is
an equally important, and complementary, use of water. A lack of proper sanitation
services not only breeds disease, it can rob people of their basic human dignity.
http://www.drinking-water.org/html/en/Overview/Why-is-Safe-Water-Essential.html
Inadequate sanitation, hygiene or access to water increase the incidence of
diarrhoeal diseases. The highest proportion of deaths and DALYs, as well as the
highest absolute numbers, occur in countries with high mortality patterns, such as in
Africa and parts of South-East Asia. Most diarrhoeal deaths in the world (88%) is
caused by unsafe water, sanitation or hygiene.
http://www.who.int/gho/phe/water_sanitation/en/

44 | P a g e

TYPE OF TOILET

TOILET TYPE
100
90
80
70
60
50
40

Number of Households

30
20
10
Ty
pe
W
at
er

Se
al
ed

An
tip
ol
o

or
Fl
us
he
d

ty
pe

INTERPRETATIONS:
The graph above shows the type of toilet being used by Sitio Tender Hearts, Barangay
Day-as, Cebu City. It reveals that 52 of the households in the area are using Water
sealed or Flushed type, 2 uses Antipolo type and none of them are using Open pit privy.
ANALYSIS:
Using Water sealed or flushed type of toilet by the majority of the people in the
community is actually good because they know that by monitoring and applying
cleanliness in the area is just as important as cleanliness for individuals and families
and also to guide ones health maintenance. On the other hand, proper using of toilet

45 | P a g e

should be observe in the Antipolo type for it can cause infection and disease in the
community.
IMPLICATIONS:
The majority of having water sealed or flushed type as their toilet can be imply that the
people living in Barangay Day-as are aware of the advantages of proper cleaniness or
hygiene and the maintenance of their health. Inadequate sanitation, hygiene or access
to water increase the incidence of diarrheal diseases. The highest proportion of deaths
and DALYs, as well as the highest absolute numbers, occur in countries with high
mortality patterns, such as in Africa and parts of South-East Asia. Most diarrheal deaths
in the world (88%) is caused by unsafe water, sanitation or hygiene. Poor sanitation can
also causes a great deal of unnecessary sickness and death so,one can also imply that
it is needed to broaden their knowledge and education about proper sanitation or hyeine
and also their health.

Source:
http://en.hesperian.org/hhg/New_Where_There_Is_No_Doctor:Toilets_for_Health_(Sani
tation)
http://www.who.int/gho/phe/water_sanitation/en/

46 | P a g e

TOILET OWNERSHIP

Toilet Ownership

Shared; 37%
Owned; 63%

INTERPRETATION:
The graph above presents the toilet ownership in Barangay Day-as, Cebu City. It
shows that in every 10
families 6 have their own toilet while 4 out of 10 families is sharing a toilet.
ANALYSIS:
The majority of the residents in Barangay Day-as have their own toilet which is actually
a good practice.
It prevents communicable diseases and provides good hygiene.
IMPLICATIONS:
The majority of the community having their own toilet may help in providing a
community a clean

47 | P a g e

environment. It is well known that public toilets often fail to meet the needs of women
and children,
because the facility is a long distance from the home, leading to security issues
after dark; and/or because children, and in some communities women, may have
less spending money than men.
Source
http://www.ircwash.org/sites/default/files/Norman-2011-When.pdf

48 | P a g e

APPROXIMATE DISTANCE FROM TOILET

Approximate Distance of Water( Inside Toilet)
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
1-3 m

1=10 and so on

10 m

50 m

Number of Houses

INTERPRETATION :
The graph shows the approximate distance as qualified by the residents were as
follows: 50 have their toilet in 1-3 m away from their house,2 within 10 m and 2 also
within 50 meters.
ANALYSIS:
Majority of the residents in Barangay Day-as are able to use their toilet within 1-3
m away from their houses which may denote that the people may quickly access the
toilets when needed. Defecation routine really affects the health of a person.

49 | P a g e

IMPLICATION:
More water is absorbed in the large intestine when stool is not release when an
urge to do so occurs. When waste or stool moves too slowly through the digestive tract,
causing it to become hard and dry resulting to constipation. Treatment for chronic
constipation usually begins with diet and lifestyle changes meant to increase the speed
at which stool moves through intestines. If those changes don't help, doctor may
recommend medications or surgery.
Source:
http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/constipation/basics/treatment/con20032773

50 | P a g e

DRAINAGE FACIITY

Drainage
5
4.5
4
3.5
3

Series 1

2.5
2

4.3

1.5

2.5

1
0.5
0
Open

Close

INTERPRETATION:
As shown in the table above out of 54 households that were interviewed, 31 households
used an open drainage system while 23 households used a closed drainage system.
ANALYSIS:
Majority of the families in the Sitio Tender Heart Day-as utilized an open drainage
system its maybe because its easy to construct and at lower cost, however they might
be quiet disoriented of what advantage they will get in constructing a closed drainage
system.
IMPLICATION:
Drainage in the house is essential in order to maintain the sanitation. Based on the
investigation most of the family used open drainage system because it is easy to
51 | P a g e

construct but open drainage system may have a bad effect in the community people
such: it may cause flood due to easy entry of garbage that the water cannot flow
properly on it, it may also serve as breeding area of bacteria or mosquitoes which may
increase the incident of malaria and dengue.

52 | P a g e

GARBAGE DISPOSAL

GARBAGE DISPOSALS
collected by garbage truck
6%

6% 1%

open dumping
throwing in river

4%

collected by garbage truck

and composting
collected by garbage truck
and throwing in river
83%

INTERPRETATION:
53 | P a g e

A total of 100% (54) families were assessed. 83% families have their garbage
collected by garbage truck, 6% families have their garbage thrown in river, 6% families
have their garbage collected by garbage truck and composting, 4% families uses open
dumping and 1% families have their garbage collected by garbage truck and thrown in
river.
ANALYSIS:
Based from the survey of the 54 families we had interviewed, it appears that
most of the residents at Barangay Day-as have their garbage collected by garbage truck
since it is more convenient and can dispose their garbage properly, prevent pollution on
surrounding and promotes health to the residents.

IMPLICATION:
Proper garbage disposal is important to avoid pollution of air, water sources, and
soil. It reduces the possibility of spreading disease, and help preserve the environment.
There should be proper segregation of garbage to separate any kind of toxin materials
to prevent contamination of environment. Proper garbage disposal contributes to the
balance of ecosystem and promotes a healthy living.
Sources:
http://www.slideshare.net/NicholasMcCull2/the-effects-of-proper-waste-management

54 | P a g e

IV.

ECONOMIC PATTERN

4%

HUSBAND 39%

2% 2% 2%

WIFE 27%
FAMILY(everyone)7%

9%
2%
2%
4%

39%

Live-in Partner 4%
FIRST CHILD 2%
SON-IN-LAW 2%
BOTH(husband and wife) 9%

7%

CHILDREN 4%
GRANDCHILDREN 2%
27%

FATHER&BROTHER 2%
SELF 2%

55 | P a g e

INTERPRETATION:
Out of 54 families that were interviewed, 32% of families considered their
husband/father as the breadwinner in the family,27% considered their wife/mother as
the breadwinner of the family, 7% considered everyone in the family are breadwinners,
4% considered their live-in partner as the breadwinner, 2% considered their first/eldest
child as the breadwinner, 9%considered both husband and wife/ mother and father as
the breadwinners, 4% considered their children as the breadwinners,2% considered
their grandchildren as their breadwinner, 2% considered both father and brother as their
breadwinner of the family and 2% considered self as the breadwinner.

ANALYSIS:
Based on the pie graph, fathers of different families residing in Barangay Day-as,
rendered themselves as the breadwinners since they are males and have a societystand to sustain the needs of the family. However, there are some families that rendered
their mothers as the breadwinner of the family which may be due to the absence of work
of the father or other factors.
IMPLICATIONS:
Males stand to be the breadwinner in the family because of their structure and so they
can do a high percentage of workload and force. Male workers, particularly from poor
Asian countries, relying on overseas employment to support their families, have been
the thread over the years. According to research, women in the Philippines constitute
such a large part of the work force. A lot of fathers today, chooses to be stay at home
fathers while their wives go into the work force to provide for their families.

Source:
http://www.acrwebsite.org/search/view-conference-proceedings.aspx?Id=5862
56 | P a g e

SOURCE OF INCOME

7% 2%13%
9%

BUSINESS ONLY 13%

SALARY ONLY (work) 69%
BUSINESS & SALARY 9%
PENSION 7%
SALARY & PENSION 2%

69%

INTERPRETATION:
Out of 54 families surveyed in Barangay Day-as, 13% of the families get their income
from their businesses only, 69% from their salaries (work), 9% from both their

57 | P a g e

businesses and salaries,7% from their pension, and 2% from both their salary &
pension.
ANALYSIS:
Based from the pie graph above, 69% of the 54 families get their income from their
salaries, hence, majority of the people that live in Barangay Day-as are employed. The
second highest source of income is from their businesses, such as sari-sari stores,
carenderias and etc.
IMPLICATION:
Income is very essential, with it we can consume basic needs and other necessities
which are vital in everyday living. Majority of the families get their income from their
work since they are paid regularly. Other families have to get 2 or more jobs, this may
be caused by low salary given by the employer or the competencies of the employee.
Families can boost their income to provide the essentials without any trouble. There are
only two ways to boost the families cash flow, that is increase income or slash
spending.Increase of income depends on the employer. Slash spending is the easiest
way to save or increase the income. Cash flow basics must be established.For any
given time period, cash flow is what you earn minus what you spend. So if you spend
less than you earn,youllhave a positive cash flow which will let you climb out of debt
and build wealth.

Source:
http://www.getrichslowly.org/blog/2010/12/06/why-your-income-is-so-important/

58 | P a g e

MONTHLY INCOME
25
20

20
15

9
5

4
2

30
,0
00
-3
4,
99
9

20
,0
00
-2
4,
99
9

10
,0
00
-1
4,
99
9

0
04,
99
9

1
0

50
,0
00

40
,0
00
-4
4,
99
9

10

Total of People

INTERPRETATION
When the 54 people of Day-as were interviewed, they were asked their monthly income.
The graph shows that a majority of people makes between 5,000 to 10,000 pesos, with

59 | P a g e

some making well above that amount. It is also shown that there were some residents
of the community who didnt provide an answer to the question.
ANALYSIS
Due to the fact that a majority of the people earns about 5,000 pesos and above for
their monthly income, it can be seen that this is the reason that it probably allows many
families the chance to provide for their families.
IMPLICATIONS
Although money is a very superficial object, there is no denial that it is an
essential part to society which is why it is very important to consider how much money
an individual family makes. This allows the people to determine whether or not they will
be able to provide for the needs and other goods that a family may need or want.

Source: http://www.thelongestwayhome.com/blog/philippines-journal/how-much-does-aperson-from-the-philippines-earn/

60 | P a g e

INCOME ADEQUACY

Is the Monthly Income Adequate?

No; 37%

Yes; 63%

INTERPRETATION:

61 | P a g e

Out of the 54 families interviewed in Tenderheart Day-as, 34 families stated that their
income was enough to provide for their families and 20 stated that it was not enough.
ANALYSIS:
Based on the graph above, it shows that a majority of the families find their income
adequate as they probably have a manageable family size and are able to budget their
money well in order to get the resources they need to provide for their families.
However, the percentage of families that say that their monthly income is not adequate
is probably due to the fact that their family size may be too large to accommodate than
what is earned.

IMPLICATIONS:
A majority of people in the Tenderheart of Day-as find that they are able to
budget their monthly income despite their family size. This shows that there is a
possibility that the people are becoming more aware in how to utilize the money that
they earn in order to get the resources that they need to provide for their families. It can
also imply that both spouses could both be working in order to provide enough and not
leaving the husband as the sole breadwinner of the family.

Source: http://www.thelongestwayhome.com/blog/philippines-journal/how-much-does-aperson-from-the-philippines-earn/

62 | P a g e

V.

SOCIO-CULTURAL PATTERN

63 | P a g e

Approach When in Need

4% 1% 7%

4%

Priest

Teacher

Public Official,
Neighbors/Friends &Other
Family Members

Public Official & Other Family

Members

Public Official

Public Official &

Neighbors/Friends

Neighbors/Friends

Other Family Member &

Neighbors/Friends

Other Family Members

Others

6%

37%

15%
26%

INTERPRETATION:
As shown above, out of 54 residents interviewed for they approach when in
need, none of the residents approach priest and teacher, 1% of the residents approach
public official, neighbors/friends and other family members, 7% of the residents
approach public official and other family members, 4% of the residents approach public
official only, 4% of the residents approach others which isnt included of the above
chooses, 6% of the residents approach public official and neighbors/friends, 15% of the
residents approach their neighbors/friends only, 26% of the residents approach other

64 | P a g e

family members and neighbors and 37% of the residents approach other family
members only.
ANALYSIS:
Most of the residents in Sitio Tenderheart approach their other family members
when in need. Because their family members knows what they need, the bond that ties
them and they can share their problems with them. On the contrary, none of the
respondents approach priest and teacher. For a reason, of being practical because their
priest will just visit every first Friday of the month on their Sitio; and approaching a
teacher is an opportunity to know the update and progress of their child in school.
IMPLICATION:
Since family is the basic unit of society, first people to help us in times of need
and difficulties are our family members and relatives, may it be financial or moral
problems. Among the outlandish cultural values that Filipinos pride themselves of is
their so-called close family ties. As a child, I was taught that Filipinos are unique
because they care for their family and kin at a level of closeness that is rarely observed
or practiced in other cultures or races. We consider the farthest degrees of our kinship
as extended family and take pride and value that relationship as something useful for
getting favors, grants and advantage.
Source:
http://antipinoy.com/on-filipino-close-family-ties/
http://nheysison.blogspot.com/2008/08/filipino-value-close-family-ties-first.html

65 | P a g e

Source of Information
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

ra
di
o

t
ne

w
sp
ap
e

r,
tv

&

in
te
rn
e

ne

ig
h

bo

r&

ot
he

rs
:

ne
ig
hb
o

on

r&

ne

lin
e/

w
sp

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di
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ap
er

Source of Information

INTERPRETATION:
Out of 233 respondents of 54 families interviewed in Sitio Tenderheart, Barangay Dayas, Cebu City, 54 people were interviewed about their source of information with the
following responses: 9 residents acquire information from both television and
newspaper, 8 from television only, 7 from newspaper, television and radio, 6 from both
radio and television, 3 from both their neighbors and newspaper and plus television,
radio and from their family member,2 from neighbor only, newspaper only, both neighbor
and television and from other family member, newspaper and television, and 1 from
radio only, both neighbor and radio, from other family member and television, from
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others: online/internet, both others: online/internet and neighbor, from neighbor,

newspaper and television, from neighbor other family member and radio, from neighbor,
other family member and television, from neighbor, newspaper, television and radio and
lastly from their neighbor, other family member, newspaper and television.
ANALYSIS:
Majority of the residents answered both television and newspaper as their
primary source of information. Since majority of the residents in the area have a
television with them and the newspaper is economical and accessible, its likely that
television and newspaper will be their source of information.
IMPLICATION:
Television in Philippines is undoubtedly the most influential media among the citizens,
besides radio and newspaper. A media audience survey by the global media marketing
company, AGB Nielsen showed that television is the primary source of news for
Filipinos under the age of 35 and for city residents from all range of ages. According to
National Commission on Culture and The Arts (NCCA), 47% of all Filipinos households
have access to television sets. It is estimated that 57% of all citizens under age of 10
are exposed to television viewing widely.
At the beginning, television was more popular in main towns and urban cities. In rural
area, people tend to favor radio than television because of poor reception of television
signal. Television signal was hard to reach the households as it was blocked by
mountains. However, the current television begins to displace radio and plays important
roles in spreading information throughout the countryside through the replacing of
satellite dishes.
Source:
http://goldentry.wordpress.com/2013/11/23/tv-in-philippines/

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CIVIC ORGANIZATION MEMBERS

Civic Organization Member

NO

YES

24%

76%

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Yes, What Organization?

UCCP; 8%
Bicol-Tobo Organization; 8%
NEO; 8%
City Hall-Mayor Rama; 8%

Women's; 68%

INTERPRETATION:
Out of 233 as the total respondents of Sitio Tenderheart; only 54 were interviewed about
their involvement in civic organizations with the following responses: 74% of the
respondents do not belong to any civic organization and 24% of the residents belong to
a specific civic organization.
For the respondents who have civic organization, 68%

of the residents belong to

Womens, 8% of the residents belong to City Hall-Mayor Rama, 8% of the residents

belong to NEO, 8% of the residents belong to Bicol-Tobo Organization and 8% of the
residents belong to UCCP.
ANALYSIS:
The total population of Sitio Tenderheart at large does not belong or did not join any
civic organization. Reasons given by the residents are they busy attending to the needs
of their family members, their household chores and their work.
For the residents who join a civic organization, most of them joined Womens Federation
because of the organizations purpose to protect womens right and for their safety.
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IMPLICATION:
There are some potentials obstacles in participating or joining a civic organization: (1)
Preconceptions and attitudes within the organization: A pessimistic attitude will almost
always show, no matter how much you try to mask it. If people see that you aren't
excited or optimistic about their involvement, then they probably won't invest very much
of themselves. Give people the benefit of the doubt and expect the best. (2) Inadequate
community communication: People may simply be unaware of opportunities to be
involved in the community. Try contacting groups working on similar issues to your own
to find out how they get people involved. (3) Limited experience: People may avoid
becoming involved simply because they haven't ever had experience with collective
action, and therefore are unfamiliar with what will be expected of them, how they can
make a difference, or whether they will be welcome. (4) History of being ignored:
Sometimes people affected by the problem have been ignored or they have tried to
participate in the past but they were allowed to do only token work. Few leaders and
organizers may have actually listened to them seriously or actively involved them in the
planning, organizing, deciding, and evaluating processes. If people have come to
expect that they will be ignored, they will be less likely to even attempt to get involved.
(5) Resistant leaders: Perhaps the people who are affected by a problem see their
leaders as resistant to their getting involved. For citizens to remain involved, it is
important for them to feel that what they say is worthwhile. (6) Sense of powerlessness:
The complexity of politics intimidates citizens, preventing them from getting involved.
The many levels of government make it difficult for anyone to know where to begin,
whom to approach, and how to be influential. Awareness and education regarding these
processes will help individuals gain the self-confidence to begin (7) Lack of time:
Organizing convenient times for people to meet is key since they often have tight
schedules. Take into consideration when the population you are reaching is available so
that they will be able to participate. Additionally, meetings and events should not last
longer than is necessary so that people don't feel like their time is wasted. (8) Lack of
transportation: If possible, provide transportation to those who don't have the money or
access to vehicles (9) Lack of child care: Not being able to find reliable child care or
having to pay for a babysitter can be big barriers for parents who would otherwise get
70 | P a g e

involved. Consider ways in which child care can be made available. For instance, you
can provide childcare at the meeting site, or have parents who are involved set up a
pool to take turns providing care. (10) Overcommitted leaders or citizens: If those
involved try to do more than is realistic, then others who don't have the time or ability to
work as much on the issue may leave. Pace yourself and make realistic demands of
yourself and others. (11) Too many involved: Smaller groups tend to get more done
quickly. Utilize more groups with fewer people so that each individual may be heard and
feel important instead of overlooked. (12) Poor organization of existing action groups: If
there are existing groups that are taking action on the issue at hand, organize their
efforts and resources so that time and energy are not duplicated. (13)History of
unproductive meetings: Past experiences with unproductive meetings make people
cynical about the effectiveness of meetings in general.
Examine barriers with an open mind and creatively think of ways to overcome them.

Source:
Community Tool Box. (http://ctb.ku.edu/en/table-of-contents/participation/encouraginginvolvement/involve-those-affected/main).retrived September 2014

71 | P a g e

INTERPRETATION:
Out of 228 as the total respondents living in Sitio Tenderheart, 54 were interviewed
about their folks practices with the following responses: 36 don't have any folk practices,
6 practice 'bisayang tambal ug pahilot', 4 practice 'dili maligo kung dug-on', 4 practice
'dili manilhig kung gabii/di ipagawas ang gisilhigan sa gabii kay mugawas ang grasya', 1
practices blessing, 1 practices 'yamyam', 1 practices 'mukaon ug sili kung depress' and
1 practices 'dili manilhig kung naay patay'.
ANALYSIS:
Majority of the respondents don't have any folk practice though some still believes in
some folk practice that was pass on from the previous generations. Majority of residents
don't have folk practices anymore because it was proven wrong by modern science.

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IMPLICATION:
Folk beliefs, otherwise known as "superstitious beliefs", form part of a people's value
system and culture. They basically reflect the customs, traditions, and mores of a group,
which may be based on religious beliefs, opinions, old or popular practices. The inroads
of modernism is slowly dawning on the rural folks due to the intrusions of high-tech
devices as the cellular phones, internet, radio, television generated by satellites. This is
why most of the people in Sitio Tenderheart don't have any folk practices.
Sources:

Folk Beliefs. Retrieved September 7, 2014, from

http://www.seasite.niu.edu/Tagalog/ Folk_Beliefs/filipino_folk_beliefs.htm

Filipino folk beliefs and practices. Retrieved September 7, 2014, from

http://

thepinoyweekly.com/?p=15684

73 | P a g e

O
ut
in
g

Ar
ou
nd

Sl
ee
pi
ng

W
al
ki
ng

Sp
Vi
or
Sl
de
ts
ee
ok
an
pi
e
d
ng
an
Sl
,V
d
ee
id
Te
pi
eo
le
ng
vi
ke
si
o
an
n/
d
M
Te
ov
le
ie
vi
s
si
on
/M
ov
Sl
ie
ee
s
pi
ng
an
d
Vi
de
o
G
am
es

Sp
or
ts

MEANS OF RELAXATION

16

14

12

10

Value

74 | P a g e

INTERPRETATION:
Out of 233 as the total respondents living in SitioTenderheart, 54 were interviewed
about their means of relaxation. The graph above shows that 15 chose sleeping and
watching television/movies, 11 chose sleeping,4 chose watching television/movies,2
chose sleeping and resting,2 chose sleeping, outing and watching television/movies,2
chose outing, 1 chose cooking, 1 chose going to church, 1 chose talking with friends, 1
chose walking around, 1 chose sewing, 1 chose swimming, 1 chose sleeping, playing
computer games and watching television/movies, 1 chose sleeping and video games, 1
chose sleeping and outing, 1 chose sleeping and exercising, 1 chose sleeping, resting
andwatching television/movies, 1 chosesleeping, videoke and watching
television/movies, 1 chose resting and watching television/movies, 1 chosevideoke and
television/movies, 1 chose exercising and watching television/movies, 1 chose playing
sports and sleeping, 1 chose playing sports and going to gym, 1 chose no time for
relaxation and no one chose sports and gambling.
ANALYSIS:
Majority of the people chose sleeping and watching television/movies as their means of
relaxation. They chose watching television/movies since majority of them have
television at home and chose sleeping since it's accessible and practical.
IMPLICATION:
Most of the residents in SitioTenderheart don't engage in physical activities. Most of
their time was spent in watching television/movies and sleeping. Watching television is
one of interesting activities that you can do in your leisure time. It is the simplest way to
refresh the mind, especially when tired of doing many activities such as cleaning,
75 | P a g e

cooking and etc.Some television shows/movies can entertain people also some can
educate people. People also sleep because it soothes and restores our mind and body
after a long day of work.

Source:

Benefits of Watching Television. Retrieved September 6, 2014, from

http://www.nokvault.com/2012/10/benefits-of-watching-television/
Sleep. Retrieved September 6, 2014, from
http://www.psychologytoday.com/basics/sleep

VI.

RELIGIOUS PATTERN

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Religion

2%
Roman Catholic
Others

98%

INTERPRETATION:
As shown in the graph above, 53 families of Barangay Day-as out of 54 are Roman
Catholic and 1 is a Born Again.
ANALYSIS:
Based on the survey of 54 families interviewed, it showed that most of the residents in
Barangay Day-as are Roman Catholic.
IMPLICATION:
The Philippines proudly boasts to be the only Christian nation in Asia. More than 86
percent of the population is Roman Catholic which most likely explain why most
residents of Barangay Day-as are such.
Source:
http://asiasociety.org/countries/religions-philosophies/religion-philippines
FREQUENCY IN ATTENDING RELIGIOUS SERVICES

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How often do you attend religious services?

Every Sunday
Every big feast

22%
43%
11%

When
priest/pastor/religious
leader go to our chapel
Others

24%

INTERPRETATION:
As shown in the graph above, 43% of the residents (23 families) of Barangay Day-as
attend religious services in their chapel every Sunday, 24% (13 families) every big feast,
11%

(6 families) when a priest/pastor/religious leader go to the chapel and 22% (12

families) answered others: 33% (4 families) are not going to church, 42% (5 families)
every Wednesday, 8% (1 family) every Saturday and 17% (2 families) answered
sometimes.
ANALYSIS:
Based on the survey of 54 families interviewed, it showed that most residents attend
religious services every Sunday and varied accordingly.
IMPLICATION:
As most Roman Catholic practices, most residents attend religious services
every Sunday and some on Wednesdays and Saturdays. Some also attend only every

78 | P a g e

big feast or only when a priest visits due to lack of time. Some aren't also that religious
that they prefer not to attend any.
Source:
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14335a.htm

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MEMBERS OF RELIGIOUS ORGANIZATIONS

2%
Youth for Christ
Others

98%

INTERPRETATION:
Among the 233 respondents (54 families), 2% of the people in Barangay Day-as joined
the Youth for Christ and 98% of the people answered others. Within 98% of the people
answered others, there is 88% of the people did not join any religious organization, 2%
are Layminister, 4% joined Blessed Sacrament, 4% joined NEO, and 2% joined Queen
of Phase, Lady of all nation and Legion of Mary.
80 | P a g e

ANALYSIS:
Most of the residents we interviewed in Barangay Day-as did not join any religious
organization. Most reasoned out that they don`t know any religious organization and
others said that they are not interested to join or they are busy with their works.
IMPLICATION:
The word religion originated from the Latin word religare which means to
reconnect. Religion is one way to reconnect with God and have faith in Him. According
to Jack Miller, the Philippines proudly boasts to be the only Christian nation in Asia.
More than 86 percent of the population is Roman Catholic, 6 percent belong to various
nationalized Christian cults, and another 2 percent belong to well over 100 Protestant
denominations. People are born with religion by their respective Gods. Other people
join any religious activity for them to be in a social group and some joins to enhance
their spirituality and faith to their respective Gods.
.Sources:
http://www.seasite.niu.edu/Tagalog/Modules/Modules/PhilippineReligions/article_miller.h
tm

81 | P a g e

Number of People Who Knows the Priest

30%

Yes
No

70%

INTERPRETATION:
As shown in the graph above 3%(15) of the family we had interviewed know the priest
of their community while 7% (39) of the family in the community dont know their priest.
ANALYSIS:
Based on the assessment, most of the community people who were interviewed do not
have the knowledge who their priest is. This indicates that most of the community
people may either be that they attend masses in other churches or they do not
participate in any church programs at all. It could also mean arent able to attend mass
every Sunday or some dont find it important to know their priest. The remaining
percentage of people who know the priest may attend masses in their community. This
implies that despite their situation, they still have faith and hope in a Supreme Being,
who is the Lord. This indicates that some still pray and strive for a better life.

82 | P a g e

IMPLICATIONS:
Pastoral leaders of parishes have an effect on peoples lives and communities. The
priests demonstration of emotional and social competencies as seen by others had a
positive effect on improvement of people of the parish. As part of the community the
church works in partnership with the brgy. Leaders in assisting the needs of the
community people through developing their spirituality.
In being a religious people, we allow ourselves to be closer with an open hearts for the
Lord, whether we have the knowledge of the identity of the parish priest or not, it does
not lessen our faith in Him. A priest an instrument sent from god to guide us, deliver the
good news of the Lord to mankind without misunderstanding, and gives hope to the
community people in every problems they encounter in life.
Source:
http://jlo.sagepub.com/content/early/2011/04/21/1548051810369676.abstract

83 | P a g e

Participation in any Religious Activities

First Saturday: devotion to
Mama Mary
Patrona: in the
preparation of the parish
fiesta
Others

INTERPRETATION:
As shown in the graph above 1%(5) of the people in brgy. Day-as participate in First
Saturday: devotion to Mama Mary, 3% (15) participate in the Patrona in preparation for
the Parish Fiesta, while 6% (34) of the family we had interviewed answered Others
(no(19), first Friday devotion to St. Nino(5) ,Tender Heart Chapel activities(5), both(3),
procession(1), sometimes(1)).
ANALYSIS:
Based on the survey of 54 families we had interviewed, it appears that most of the
resident in brgy. Day-as participate in the religious activities in/outside the community. A
few of them participate in the first Saturday or sometimes.
IMPLICATIONS:
Religious practice benefits not only individuals, but also communities. Religiously active
men and women are often more sensitive to others, more likely to serve and give to
those in need, and more likely to be productive members of their communities.

84 | P a g e

Reference:
http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2006/12/why-religion-matters-even-more-theimpact-of-religious-practice-on-social-stability

VII.
HEALTH PROFILE
A. Maternal Reproductive History

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INTERPRETATION
The graph indicates that 29% of women in the sito has given birth at the maternal age of
21 25 and another 29% has given birth at the maternal age of 26 30, 16% of women
have given birth at the age of 15 20 years old, 11% of women gave birth at 31 35
years old and another 11% at the age of 36 40, 4% of women has given birth at the
age of 41 45.
ANALYSIS:
Basing from the data given, majority of mothers gave birth at the maternal age of 21
25 and 26 30 years old. It is alarming to know that the majority has fallen to the range
of 21 25 years old since that age group has just finished college or has just started
their career and we can say that their job is not secured and their finances are not
stable yet to assure the well being of the baby. We can say that giving birth at the age of
26 30 is ideal for people because in this age you are already mature, have can have a
good job and you can avoid complications in your pregnancy. It is really alarming to
know that the 3rd highest percentage belong to the 15 20 maternal age range, In this
age you can have complications in pregnancy and in giving birth and arent that mature
yet meaning you are not that capable of raising a child.
IMPLICATION:
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When it comes to fertility, 25 is the new 35. The number of women 24 years old and
younger who reported trouble conceiving or maintaining a pregnancy has almost
doubled. 44 percent of those signing up for reproductive assistance now are under 35,
according to the CDC's National Survey of Family Growth.
Most women hit their fertile peak between the ages of 23 and 31, though the rate at
which women conceive begins to dip slightly in their late 20s. Around age 31, fertility
starts to drop more quickly by about 3 percent per year until you hit 35 or so. From
there, the decline accelerates.
Knowing the maternal age of a woman is important because we can know the risks that
they will have. For example, adolescent pregnant women are of higher probability of
having higher neonatal mortality than those of liable age.
Source:
http://www.webmd.com/baby/features/fertility-101
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2535853/

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PRENATAL CARE DONE

unrecalled; 2
without prenatal care; 23

with prenatal care; 115

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WHERE PRENATAL CARE WAS DONE

Unrecalled; 13
Private Clinic; 2
Hospital; 29
Health centers; 71

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ATTENDANTS DURING PRENATAL CARE

Unrecalled; 15

Doctor; 32

Midwife; 68

INTERPRETATION:
A total of 115 prenatal check-ups were done during their pregnancies, 23 did not have
prenatal check-ups, and 2 unrecalled if she had a prenatal check-up or not. For those
who had their prenatal check-ups, 71 were done in health centers, 29 were done in the
hospital, 2 were done in private clinics and 13 were unrecalled. Out of all these prenatal
check-ups, 68 were attended by midwives, 32 were attended by doctors and 15 were
unrecalled.
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ANALYSIS:
Most of the women in barangay Day-as have had prenatal check-ups during their
pregnancies. Most of these prenatal check-ups were done in health centers since it is
most convenient and accessible for them. The prenatal check-ups were mostly done by
midwives. This shows that most women living in barangay Day-as recognize the
importance and value of having prenatal check-ups.

IMPLICATION:
Getting early and regular prenatal care improves the chances of a healthy pregnancy.
This care can begin even before pregnancywith a preconception care visit to a health
care provider. Preconception Care. A preconception care visit can help women take
steps for a safe and healthy pregnancy before they get pregnant.
Source: http://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/pregnancy/conditioninfo/Pages/prenatalcare.aspx

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OUTCOME OF DELIVERY AND PLACE OF BIRTH

92 | P a g e

BIRTH OUTCOME

Died; 8

Living; 132

INTERPRETATION:
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The above graph shows about the outcome of children in their status right now. So out
of 140 offsprings, 132 (94%) of them are alive and 8 (6%) of them are dead right now.
The above graph shows about the place of birth of the offsprings. So majority of them
were born in the hospital. 60 (43%) were born in the hospital, 45 (32%) were born on
their house, 23 (16%) were born in the health center and 12 (9%) were born in the
birthing center.
ANALYSIS:
Base of the data above, majority of the outcome are still alive and unfortunately, there
are children who died indicating that those children died without being treated well on
their life or their needs.
Based on the graph presented above, it is indicated that majority of their offspring were
delivered in the hospital meaning, majority of them were monitored well compared to
those people who were born on their own houses.
IMPLICATION:
Poor pregnancy outcomes, including low birthweight, preterm births and infant mortality,
are associated with late or no prenatal care, unplanned pregnancy, cigarette smoking,
alcohol and other drug use, being HIV positive, short interpregnancy spacing, chronic
diseases, obesity, maternal age, poor nutrition and low socioeconomic status. Recent
studies point to associations between oral infection, particularly gum disease, and
preterm, low-weight births. Pregnant women with periodontal (gum) disease may be
seven times more likely to have babies born too early and too small.
Source:
http://www.health.ny.gov/prevention/prevention_agenda/healthy_mothers/birth_outcome
.htm
B. Family Planning

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Others
Depo-Provera
IUD
Condoms
Ligation
Pills
Billings Cervical Method
Basal Body Temp.
Lactation Amenorrhea
Calendar
Withdrawal
0

10

FAMIL
Y PLANNING METHOD

INTERPRETATION:
As shown in the table, 9 out of 32 respondents make use of withdrawal as a form of
birth control, 9 of the respondents prefer to use contraceptive pills, 4 had undergone
ligation, 4 use the calendar method, 3 use IUD, 2 use condoms, 1 uses Depo-Provera
while none of the respondents use lactation amenorrhea, basal body temperature and
billings cervical method.
ANALYSIS
Most of the people in Brgy. Day-As practice withdrawal as a way of birth control followed
by the usage of pills by the women. The assessment done indicates that the people
prefer using the methods that doesn't use any devices or those that are readily available
in their community.
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IMPLICATION:
Withdrawal is one of the riskiest yet most common (since no devices are used) birth
control method. A recent study revealed that nearly 31% of the women have used
withdrawal at least once and 21% of them became unintentionally pregnant. This is due
to the fact that even if the male pulls out before ejaculating, he still secretes preejaculate that contains semen and could still fertilize an egg. Also, STDs such as
chlamydia, gonorrhea and even HIV can be contracted from with pre-ejaculate fluid
alone.
Using pills is one way to prevent pregnancy for women. It is 99.9% effective, however it
does not protect them against STDs. Since it is a hormonal contraceptive, it works by
releasing a small amount of man-made estrogen and progestin, which stop the woman
from ovulating. This contraceptive also changes the cervical mucus, making it harder for
the sperm to go through the cervix and find the egg. Pills are an easy contraceptive to
maintain, but sometimes, especially due to the busy lives of todays generation, they
tend to forget to take a pill whichremoves the effect of it since it must be taken daily.

Sources:
http://www.plannedparenthood.org/health-info/birth-control/withdrawal-pull-out-method
http://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/withdrawal-method/basics/definition/prc20020661
http://www.webmd.com/sex/birth-control/birth-control-pills
http://www.familyplanning.org.nz/health_info_issues/sexual_health_information/contrace
ption/combined_oral_contraceptive_pill

96 | P a g e

Inactive sex life

Widow
Experienced side effects
Menopause
Responder wants but partner does not want to practice
Does not know which method is best
Too young
With cyst
Financial Issues
Desires to have a child
Uninterested
Unrecalled
Single
0

10 20 30 40 50 60 70

REAS
ONS FOR NOT PRACTICING FAMILY PLANNING

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INTERPRETATION:
As shown in the table above, 62 out of 113 respondents do not practice family planning
because they are still single and are not ready to have sexual intercourse, 10 desires to
have a child, 6 respondents doesnt know what their relative uses as a method, 6 are
too young and are not ready, 4 are uninterested, 4 doesnt know what method is best for
them, 3 has undergone menopause, 2 responders want to practice but the their partner
doesnt, 2 are widows, 2 have inactive sex lives, 1 has financial issues, 1 fears the
return of her cyst and 1 had experienced side effects with the last method used.

ANALYSIS:
Based on the assessment done, it was concluded that most of the people in Sitio
Tender Heart, Brgy. Day-As do not practice family planning because most of them are
single and arent ready to have sexual intercourse. Some desires to have a child, hence
theyre not using any birth control method.
IMPLICATION:
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Most single individuals do not usually use family planning because they do not engage
in sexual intercourse. As a women grows older and have a family they desire to have a
child to feel complete and contented. Some people say that they do not use family
planning because they are too young, this may be because of their mindset that only
married couples can use family planning. Some families do not use family planning
because they do not know which method is best, they can go to a doctor and consult
which method is appropriate for them.
Sources:
http://m.livescience.com/15949-baby-fever-reproduction.html
http://www.dtl.org/ethics/article/premarital/avoiding.htmhttp://www.plannedparenthood.org/health-info/birth-control

C. Child care
VACCINATION OF AGES 0-6 YEARS OLD

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Vaccination of ages 0-6 yrs. old

1
Vaccinated
Unvaccinated
30

INTERPRETATION:
Among the 31 children of SitioTenderhearts, 30 of them were vaccinated and 1 was
unvaccinated. Among the 30 vaccinated children, 23 of them had their vaccinations
complete and the rest were incomplete. It can be implied that the availability of vaccines
in the community is seen that the majority of the people are acquiring the necessary
medical care for their welfare. It is also a sign that the persons or families in the
community are concerned with their health such as to decrease the risk of having
disease.
ANALYSIS:
The major reason of 1 unvaccinated child might be the ineffective spread of information,
family has less salience in terms of vaccination, economical problem, or it could be due
to the incompliance or inattentiveness with the programs of the government. There are
various reasons that could lead to it.
The majority are complying thus saying that the whole community are in compliance
with the given vaccinations according to the required with ages 0-6 yrs old or childhood
vaccinations.
IMPLICATION:
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The threat of death by disease isn't the only medical consequence of skipping
vaccinations. An unvaccinated child faces lifelong differences that could potentially put
him or her at risk. Every time you call 911, ride in an ambulance, go to the doctor or visit
the hospital emergency room, you must alert medical personnel of your child's
vaccination status so he or she receives distinctive treatment. Because unvaccinated
children can require treatment that is out of the ordinary, medical staff may be less
familiar, and less experienced, with the procedures required to appropriately treat your
child.
People who choose not to vaccinate their children also put others at risk if their child
isn't vaccinated and becomes ill. Special groups of people cannot be vaccinated,
including those with compromised immune systems (e.g. those with leukemia or other
cancers). These people rely on the general public being vaccinated so their risk of
exposure is reduced.
Source:
The Harm of Skipping Vaccinations or Delaying.(n.d.). September 8, 2014,
https://www.health.ny.gov/prevention/immunization/vaccine_safety/harm.htm

SOURCE OF VACCINATION
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Source of Vaccination

3
Government
Private
18

INTERPRETATION:
Among the 21 Families with childrens vaccinated, 18 were vaccinated through
government source and 3 at a private source. It is seen that the majority chose to be
vaccinated through governments program for free vaccination.
ANALYSIS:
As seen as above, the families in the community much prefer their children to be
vaccinated by the government through their programs due to various reasons like the
availability of the vaccine and the practicality of having free vaccine. At the same time,
this thus shows that the community people are participating in the governments
program in their community.
IMPLICATION:
In the Philippines, all public health centers offer free immunization all year long for the
recommended vaccines. In addition, the Department of Health
conducts
an
outreach immunization program twice a year, in order to boost immunization coverage
amongst children. UNICEF supports the Department of Health in the procurement of
vaccines used in its immunization program.
Many parents do not take a child to be immunized because the child has a fever,
cough,cold, diarrhea, or some other illness. However, it is safe to immunize a child who
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has a minor illness. After an injection, the child may cry or develop a fever, a minor rash
or a small sore. This is normal and shows that the vaccine is working. Children under 6
months of age should breastfeed frequently; older children should be given plenty of
liquidsandfoods.Ifthechilddevelopsahighfever(over38degreesCelsius) the childshouldbe
taken toatrainedhealthpractitioner.
Source:
(Department of Health, 2013)

BREASTFEEDING
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Breastfeeding

Still Breastfeeding
Stopped
15

INTERPRETATION:
The graph shows that 15 of families observed breastfed their children and 7 of the
families have not.
ANALYSIS:
Based on the data presented, majority of the families breastfed their children indicating
that most of the children acquired complete nutrition until the age of 3 years. It is
concerning that 32% of the families did not breastfeed their children indicating that there
might be increase morbidity of children under 6 years old. The breast milk can provide
complete nutrition and boost their immune system for children under 3 years old.
IMPLICATION:
Numerous studies from around the world have shown that many diseases occur less
often in breastfed children. Breast feeding decreases 20% risk of dying among the
children. Not breastfed babies will not have complete nutrition since there are many
nutrients found in the breast milk that cannot be synthesize by the laboratory. The baby
will be more prone to diseases due to weaker immunity.

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Source:
Women's Health (2014). Why breastfeeding is important. [ONLINE] Available at:
http://www.womenshealth.gov/breastfeeding/breastfeeding-benefits.php. [Last Accessed
e.g. 31 August , 2014].

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CURRENTLY LACTATING

Currently Lactating

6
Lactating
Not Lactating
16

INTERPRETATION:
The graph shows that 27% of mothers are currently lactating and 73% are not lactating.
ANALYSIS:
Based on the data presented, there are less lactating women in the community
indicating that there are few babies that are currently breastfeeding. The reason why
many women are not lactating is that their children already reached the age where
breastfeeding where no longer sufficient for the growth of the children.
IMPLICATION:
Breast milk is best for the baby only up to 2 years of age and women will eventually stop
lactating when there is no sucking stimulus from the baby. Less lactating women show
that there are less infant in the community. It also shows that the infant rate in the
community is low.

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D. Health Care
FAMILY SICK AT THIS MONTH

Family sick at this month

Yes
No

Total of family no: 54

INTERPRETATION:
The above graph shows that 50% of families in barangay Day-as had been sick at this
month and 50% of the families are not.
ANALYSIS:
Based on the data presented above , half of the families have been sick at this month
and most of the cases are fever , coughs and colds . This is mainly due to the weather
that we are experiencing plus the physical environment. Congested area predisposes
a person to have a coughs and colds because there is less ventilation in the areas and
moist area are the most ideal place for bacterial growth.
IMPLICATION:
Families have a pivotal role to care for their loved ones, and, in the case of children,
readying them for healthy, happy and productive lives as active contributors to society.
The capacity of parents to provide the key functions associated with optimal care for
their children is absolutely central. Loving care, a secure attachment, sufficient structure
for healthy growth and development, non-coercive discipline and an overall safe family
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environment characterized by empathic relationships are among the important factors

needed to raise healthy and well-adjusted children. In addition, the capacity of parents
to provide sufficient material support in the form of good-quality housing, nutrition and
opportunities to participate in social and recreational activities is among other essential
dimensions associated with the social context in which children develop. In turn, society
not only reflects the collective success of families and their capacity to prepare the next
generation but, through the decisions of governments and institutions, powerfully
shapes the social environment in which families live.
Source:
Ted
McNeill
(2010). Healthcare
Quarterly.
[ONLINE]
Available
http://www.longwoods.com/content/21984. [Last Accessed 8 August, 2014].

at:

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RECENT ILLNESSES
140
120
100
80
60
40
Column3

20

ot
he
rs

TI
an
d
di
ab
et
es

fe
ve
r,

an
d
a
as
th
m

si
nu
si
tis

co
ld
s
an
d
co
ug
h

hy
pe
rt
en
s

io
n

INTERPRETATION:
Out of 233 respondents, 166 people in Day As had no recent illnesses while the
remaining number-68 people had acquired an illness. 16 of hypertension, 13 of cough
and colds, 5 of asthma, 5 of sinusitis, 4 of the follow diseases: fever, diabetes and UTI,
3 of TB, 2 of ovarian cyst and mild stroke and one each of anemia, goiter, dengue,
tumor, hernia, arthritis, gallbladder stone, atrial septal defect and autism
ANALYSIS:
Base on the survey done in Brgy. Day As, community people are mostly healthy but
hypertension is the common disease. It indicates that people in the area don't usually
practice a healthy lifestyle due to their financial situation as claimed by the clients
interviewed. Hypertension would also be a risk factor to those people who are part of
the family diagnosed with it because HPN is a hereditary disease.

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IMPLICATION:
Most people are aware of the implications of hypertension but the fact that it is not
treated can cause heart disease and strokes. Yet they still gamble with their health and
do not have their blood pressure checked regularly.
Essential hypertension is the most common type and there can be a number of reasons
why 25% of the population of the developed world suffer from this condition. Obviously
the deterioration of your lifestyle plays a major part but another reason is that it could
also be hereditary.
The fact that there are virtually no symptoms if you are a sufferer is probably why it is
widely known as the silent killer. It is due to this that a high percentage of people with
the condition are unaware of it.
There are a number of ways to reduce blood pressure if it is high and by watching your
weight, diet and stress levels it can be controlled efficiently.
Like hypertension, obesity is a modern day complaint but by losing weight you are
putting less strain on your heart. This could also reduce your blood pressure. So it
stands to reason why obesity is a contributory factor to high blood pressure
Article Source: ezinearticle.com

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USUAL PRACTICE FOR ACQUIRING MEDICAL CARE

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Usual Place for acquiring Medical Care

Private Hospitals
13

Government Hospitals

Private Doctors

16

28

Traditional Healers
Relatives

4
14

10

Barangay Health Workers

Self

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INTERPRETATION:
Of all the families that seek for medical care, 10 chose private hospitals, 28 chose
Government Hospitals, 10 chose Private Doctors, 14 chose Traditional Healers, 4 chose
to their near relatives, 16 chose to the Barangay Health Workers and 13 chose to have
medical care by their selves.
Based from the data collected above, the people of the community usually seek medical
care on government hospitals and to barangay health workers. Minimally seek medical
care on private doctors and self. And they seldom seek on private hospitals and
relatives.
ANALYSIS:
The causes for the community people to seek medical care on government hospitals
and baranggay health workers is that; the services given to the people are free or
usually only minimal amount of money is expensed, and the baranggay health workers
are the nearest and more convenient for the community people to go to in case of
sickness. The community people seldom go to private hospitals is that the services
given are with charge and usually expensive for the people to pay for with money that
can only support their daily needs. They also usually dont seek for medical care on
relatives since most of the people have no medically inclined relatives that are capable
of giving/advising treatment, if however there is a medically inclined relative, they may
not be located near to go to immediately.
IMPLICATION:
The purpose of this question are; to know whether the health needs of the community
people can/have been attended to, this also may indicate the capability of the
community people to support to their medical needs, and also if the people really care
for the health needs of their families. The purpose of answers is that to give the people
and the interviewer an idea where the most health care facilities give services that is
most suitable and convenient for the client.

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CHAPTER 3
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
IDENTIFICATION OF PROBLEMS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Employment rate- high percentage of unemployed

Common Disease- Hypertension
Poor Drainage
Safety hazards- loose rickety stairs
Materials used- mixed materials

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PRIOIRITIZATION OF PROBLEMS
Employment rate as a health related problem
Criteria
Nature of the
problem- Health
related

Computation
1/3x1

Actual Score
0.33

Magnitude of the
Problem- 50%-74%

3/4x3

2.25

Justification
This is a health
related problem
since
unemployment
greatly affects the
economic status of
the people. Lack of
money or resources
may aggravate or
not help the
improvement of
illness- inducing
situations
Based from the
assessment, 65% of
the people are
unemployed
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Modifiability of the
Problem- High

3/3x4

Preventive Potential

3/3x1

Social ConcernUrgent Community

Concern

2/2x1

Offering
suggestions, honing
skills, and
increasing the
confidence of the
community people
may greatly modify
the problem
Proper knowledge,
effort, and offering
of opportunities may
highly prevent the
problem
Majority of the
community people
sees the problem as
an urgent concern

TOTAL: 8.58

Common Disease- Hypertension

Criteria
Nature of the
problem- Health
Status

Computation
3/3x1

Actual Score
1

Magnitude of the
Problem - <25 is
affected

1/4x3

0.75

Modifiability of the

2/3x4

2.67

Justification
Hypertension
requires immediate
attention,
monitoring and
management of
blood pressure.
Hypertension is also
a noted
Heredofamilial
disease.
Based on the
assessment, 16 out
of 166 have
hypertension this is
equal to 10%
Although
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Problem- Moderate

Hypertension can
be monitored, it is
partially modifiable
since it requires
careful medical
management,
regular monitoring
through BP taking,
and constant
discipline from the
family members.

Preventive Potential

3/3x1

Future problems
and complications
of hypertension can
be minimized and
prevented with
health
managements such
as healthy lifestyle,
proper diet, and
constant monitoring
of BP.

Social Concernrecognized as a
problem but not
needing urgent
attention

2/2x1

The community
people see this as a
problem, and they
want to address it

TOTAL: 6.42

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Poor Drainage (Open Drainage) as a health related problem

Criteria
Nature of the
problem- health
Related

Computation
1/3x1

Actual Score
0.33

Magnitude of the
Problem- 50%-74%

3/4x3

2.25

Justification
An open drainage
system is an
environmental
concern that can
negatively affect the
health of the
community people
Based from the
assessment, 57% of
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Modifiability of the
Problem- Low

1/3x4

1.33

Preventive
Potential- high

3/3x1

Social Concernrecognizes the

problem but does
not give it urgent
attention

1/2x1

0.5

the people have

open drainage
It is difficult to
modify the problem
as it will require
great resources and
knowledge with the
entire drainage
system
Proper knowledge
and effort in
cleaning practices
may prevent the
problem
The community
recognizes the
problem but does
not give it urgent
attention

TOTAL:5.41

Safety hazards- loose rickety stairs

Criteria
Nature of the
problem

Computation
1/3x1

Actual Score
0.33

Justification
Loose wall posts
and doors may
pose as threats of
injury and to the
residents
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Magnitude of the
Problem- 25%-49%

2/4x3

1.5

Modifiability of the
Problem- Moderate

2/3x4

2.67

Preventive Potential

1/3x1

0.33

Social Concern -not

a community
concern

0/2x1

Based from the

Assessment, 26%
have loose rickety
stairs
This problem is
modifiable through
proper maintenance
and education of
safety precautions
Income is only
sufficient for basic
needs and does not
include funds for
renovation
Residents do not
see this as a threat.
They are satisfied
with their homes.

TOTAL:4.83

Materials used in making the house (mixed materials) as a health related problem
Criteria
Nature of the

Computation
1/3x1

Actual Score
0.33

Justification
Unstable materials
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problemHealthrelated

Magnitude of the
Problem- 50%-74%

3/4x3

2.25

Modifiability of the
Problem- Low

1/3x4

1.33

Preventive
Potential- Low

1/3x1

0.33

Social Concern- not

a community
concern

0/2x1

may pose as threats

of injury and
collapse to the
residents
According to the
Assessment, 70%
of the houses were
made of mixed
materials
Residents have
insufficient funds for
renovation.
Renovating is not
part of their budget
at the moment.
Income is only
sufficient for basic
needs and does not
include funds for
renovation
Residents do not
see this as a threat.
They are satisfied
with their homes.

TOTAL: 4.24

RANKING OF IDENTIFIED PROBLEMS

1. Employment rate- high percentage of unemployed
2. Common Disease- Hypertension
3. Poor Drainage
4. Safety hazards- loose rickety stairs
5. Materials used- mixed materials
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CHAPTER 4
FAMILY NURSING CARE PLAN
(See Appendix B)

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CHAPTER 5
Conclusion and Recommendations
Conclusion
After a house-to-house assessment using the family health nursing assessment for at
Sitio Tenderheart, Barangay Day-as, Cebu City, the researchers have identified the
following community health nursing problems as follows: Employment rate- high
percentage of unemployed,Common Disease- Hypertension,Poor Drainage,Safety
hazards- loose rickety stairs,Materials used- mixed materials. These community health
problems have been identified and prioritized by the researchers together with the
community. Further assessment, deliberation and planning is currently in process to
intervene, eliminate and attend to the problems identified.
Barangay Day-as as a community being one of the communities the college has been
affiliated with through the years, the people are quite familiar with the flow and progress
of activities in which every year poses a challenge for the incoming batch to surpass the
previous years efforts and accomplishments. One of the goals of the Community Health
Nursing is to create an independent community with the help of both the community
organizer and the community itself. This primary assessment creates the baseline
information for the future plans and programs on community organizer.
The community people were given an overview and oriented the activities that will take
place in the community and the roles that they will encompass in the future community
projects by the students to promote awareness and participation leading to a successful
activity. Concerns and problems were raised and clarifications were made. The activity
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ended well and in mutual understanding between the two parties: the community health
tem and the community people.

Recommendation
The researchers, after further research and analysis of the assessment they have done
at Sitio Tenderheart, Barangay Day-as, Cebu City, would like to recommend the
following for further research and activities:
1. To make a more accurate, specific and consistent assessment tool or revise the
existing assessment tool to make it more comprehensive, more organize and
minimize if possible on subjective data to prevent inconsistencies.
2. Thorough discussions of the proper use of the assessment tool to prevent
ignorance among the researchers and prevent inconsistency of the information
gathered.
3. To create clear objectives that will involve the participation from each member
with equally divided task and make an organized plan to make the assessment
faster and more organize.
4. Discussion on the proper way of making a statistical report and the correct way
on collecting, organizing and presenting the data.
5. The participation of the existing Community extension Services Organizations
and Institutions for assistance, proposal and support with the community projects
and activities in line with their objectives and purpose.

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APPENDIX A

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