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101
Le texte de base est celui de ldition de Janet Cowen, Penguin Classics (2 vol.).
BOOK V
CHAPTER 12. How Sir Gawain returned to King Arthur with his prisoners, and how
the King won a city, and how he was crowned Emperor
1
Now thanked be God, said the noble King Arthur. But what manner man is he that standeth by himself, him seemeth no prisoner?
Sir, said Gawain, this is a good man of arms, he hath matched me, but he is yolden unto God, and to me,
for to become Christian; had not he have been we should never have returned, wherefore I pray you that he may be
baptised, for there liveth not a nobler man ne better knight of his hands.
Then the king let him anon be christened, and did do call him his rst name Priamus, and made
him a duke and knight of the Table Round.
And then anon the king let do cry assault to the city, and there was rearing of ladders, breaking
of walls, and the ditch lled, that men with little pain might enter into the city.
Then came out a duchess, and Clarisin the countess, with many ladies and damosels, and kneeling before King Arthur, required him for the love of God to receive the city, and not to take it by assault, for then should many guiltless be slain.
Then the king avaled his visor with a meek and noble countenance, and said, Madam, there shall
none of my subjects misdo you ne your maidens, ne to none that to you belong, but the duke shall abide my judgement.
Then anon the king commanded to leave the assault, and anon the dukes oldest son brought out
the keys, and kneeling delivered them to the king, and besought him of grace. And the king seized the
town by assent of his lords, and took the duke and sent him to Dover, there for to abide prisoner term
of his life, and assigned certain rents for the dower of the duchess and for her children.
2
Then he made lords to rule those lands, and laws as a lord ought to do in his own country. And
after he took his journey toward Rome, and sent Sir Florence and Sir Floridas tofore, with ve hundred
men of arms, and they came to the city of Urbino and laid there a bushment, thereas them seemed
most best for them, and rode tofore the town, where anon issued out much people and skirmished with
the fore-riders. Then brake out the bushment and won the bridge, and after the town, and set upon the
walls the kings banner. Then came the king upon an hill, and saw the city and his banner on the walls,
by which he knew that the city was won. And anon he sent and commanded that none of his liege men
should defoul ne lie by no lady, wife ne maid; and when he came into the city, he passed to the castle,
and comforted them that were in sorrow, and ordained there a captain, a knight of his own country.
And when they of Milan heard that thilk city was won, they sent to King Arthur great sums of
money, and besought him as their lord to have pity of them, promising to be his subjects for ever, and
yield to him homage and fealty for the lands of Pleasance and Pavia, Petersaint, and the Port of
Tremble, and to give him yearly a million of gold all his lifetime.
Then he rideth into Tuscany, and winneth towns and castles, and wasted all in his way that to
him will not obey, and so to Spoleto and Viterbo, and from thence he rode into the Vale of Vicecount
among the vines.
3
And from thence he sent to the senators, to wit whether they would know him for their lord.
But soon after on a Saturday came unto King Arthur all the senators that were left alive, and the noblest cardinals that then dwelt in Rome, and prayed him of peace, and proerred him full large, and
besought him as governor to give licence for six weeks for to assemble all the Romans, and then to
crown him emperor with chrism as it belongeth to so high estate.
I assent, said the king, like as ye have devised, and at Christmas there to be crowned, and to hold my
Round Table with my knights as me liketh.
And then the senators made ready for his enthronization. And at the day appointed, as the
romance telleth, he came into Rome, and was crowned emperor by the Popes hand, with all the royalty
that could be made, and sojourned there a time, and established all his lands from Rome into France,
and gave lands and realms unto his servants and knights, to every each after his desert, in such wise
that none complained, rich ne poor. And he gave to Sir Priamus the duchy of Lorraine; and he thanked
him, and said he would serve him the days of his life; and after made dukes and earls, and made every
man rich.
Then after this all his knights and lords assembled them afore him, and said, Blessed be God, your
war is nished and your conquest achieved, in so much that we know none so great ne mighty that dare make war
against you: wherefore we beseech you to return homeward, and give us licence to go home to our wives, from
whom we have been long, and to rest us, for your journey is nished with honour and worship.
Then said the king, Ye say truth, and for to tempt God it is no wisdom, and therefore make you ready
and return we into England.
Then there was trussing of harness and baggage and great carriage. And after licence given, he
returned and commanded that no man in pain of death should not rob ne take victual, ne other thing
by the way but that he should pay therefore. And thus he came over the sea and landed at Sandwich,
against whom Queen Guenever his wife came and met him, and he was nobly received of all his commons in every city and burgh, and great gifts presented to him at his home-coming to welcome him
with.
Thus endeth the fth book of the conquest that King Arthur
had against Lucius the Emperor of Rome, and here
followeth the sixth book, which is of Sir
Launcelot du Lake.
dure de six semaines, de runir les Romains dans leur ensemble, puis de le couronner empereur, avec
onction par le saint-chrme, comme il est de rgle pour une si haute dignit.
Jy consens, rpondit le roi, dans les formes que vous avez prvues, avec couronnement Rome Nol et
tenue de la Table ronde avec mes chevaliers ma convenance.
Les snateurs soccuprent donc des prparatifs en vue de son intronisation. Au jour dit, rapporte le rcit, il t son entre dans Rome, fut couronn empereur des mains du pape, avec tout lapparat possible, y resta un temps, pacia toutes ses terres de Rome jusquen France, distribua terres et
royaumes ses faux et chevaliers, chacun selon ses mrites, si bien quaucun des intresss riche
ou pauvre ne sen plaignit. sire Priamus (qui len remercia et lassura quil le servirait aussi longtemps quil vivrait), il t don du duch de Lorraine, puis cra des ducs et des comtes et assura la richesse de tout un chacun.
Aprs quoi, chevaliers et seigneurs sassemblrent en sa prsence et lui dclarrent : Dieu soit
lou, votre guerre est termine et votre conqute mene bien, do il rsulte que nul notre connaissance na lenvergure ni la puissance pour oser vous faire la guerre : de ce fait, nous vous supplions de rentrer au pays et de nous
autoriser regagner nos foyers auprs de nos femmes dont nous sommes loigns depuis longtemps, et prendre
du repos, car votre expdition sest termine dans lhonneur et la bravoure.
quoi le roi rpondit : Vous dites vrai et comme il nest pas sage de vouloir tenter Dieu, prenez vos dispositions car nous rentrons en Angleterre.
On sactiva ranger les quipements, faire les bagages et former les convois. Aprs avoir donn
le signal du dpart, il prit le chemin du retour, interdiction tant faite quiconque, sous peine de mort,
de voler ou daccepter de la nourriture ou quoi que ce soit dautre sans stre acquitt du montant correspondant. Il eectua la traverse et dbarqua Sandwich, o la reine Guenivre, son pouse, vint
laccueillir ; il fut noblement reu par son peuple dans chaque ville et chaque bourg, et reut de grands
prsents de bienvenue pour fter son retour.
Fin du cinquime Livre, relatant lexpdition victorieuse
du roi Arthur contre Lucius, empereur de Rome.
suivre : le sixime Livre, qui traite de
Lancelot du Lac.
1 him seemeth no prisoner J. Cowen : him seemed, conforme Caxton hym emed,
dicilement dfendable ; P.J.C. Field (2013) adopte la leon de Winchester, folio 93v :
hym emys.
2 they of Milan heard that thilk city was won
Voir volet 80, p. 2, 2.
3 the Vale of Vicecount Caxton : the vale of vycecoute; Winchester, folio 94v : e vale
of vyecounte Cf. e vale of Vyterbe (volet 90, Winchester, folio 72v) ?
La ressemblance avec Vaux-le Vicomte (Seine-et-Marne) est fortuite.
Le chapitre contient une esquisse du Prince idal . Il nest plus question, par
la suite, dArthur empereur . Alors, quoi bon ?
folio 93v
10
burly
jaurais pri
15
20
assault
25
30
folio 94v
10
15
piti (cf. ruthless)
20
sauf-conduit
25
folio 95r
10
sceptre
15
(projet de croisade)
Holy Rood
20
25
complained
30
folio 96r
10
15
Georey of Monmouth :
Adueniente uero state, dum Romam petere aectaret et montes transcendere incepisset, nunciatur ei
Modredum nepotem suum, cuius tutel permiserat Britanniam, eiusdem diademate per tirannidem et proditionem insignitum esse reginamque Ganhumaram uiolato iure priorum nuptiarum eidem nefanda uenere
copulatam fuisse.
Lt approchant, alors quArthur avait dcid de marcher sur Rome et commenc franchir
les Alpes, il apprit que son neveu Mo(r)dred, qui il avait con la rgence, usurpait la couronne,
et que la reine Guenivre, violant sa foi conjugale, entretenait avec lui des relations adultres.
Malory+Caxton se spare donc ici de sa source (aMA donne la mme version), estimant
peut-tre un peu facile le procd qui consiste lever le personnage le plus possible
an de renforcer laspect spectaculaire de sa ruine ( tolluntur in altum, ut lapsu grauiore
ruant 1, plus dure sera la chute, the harder they fall).
on les lve seule n que leur chute en soit plus lourde Claudien, In Runum (Invectives contre Run).
Sire Lancelot et sire Lionel quittent la cour en qute daventures ; sire Lionel laisse
son oncle endormi et se fait capturer
VI 2 [volet 103]
How Sir Ector followed for to seek Sir Launcelot, and how he was taken by Sir Turquin
Sire Ector des Marais part la recherche de sire Lancelot et se fait, son tour, capturer par sire Trican
VI 3 [volet 104]
How four queens found Launcelot sleeping, and how by enchantment he was taken and led
into a castle
Quatre reines surprennent Lancelot dans son sommeil ; grce un sortilge, elles
semparent de lui et le transportent dans un chteau
VI 4 [volet 105]
How Sir Launcelot was delivered by the mean of a damosel
Sire Lancelot est redevable de sa dlivrance une demoiselle
VI 5 [volet 106]
How a knight found Sir Launcelot lying in his lemans bed, and how Sir Launcelot fought
with the knight
Un chevalier dcouvre sire Lancelot couch dans le lit de sa matresse ; sire Lancelot se bat contre le chevalier
VI 6 [volet 107]
How Sir Launcelot was received of King Bagdemagus daughter, and how he made his complaint to her father
Sire Lancelot est reu par la lle du roi Bademagu et fait part de ses msaventures
son pre
VI 7 [volet 108]
How Sir Launcelot behaved him in a tournament, and how he met with Sir Turquin leading
Sir Gaheris
Exploits de sire Lancelot lors dun tournoi ; en chemin, il rencontre sire Trican et
son prisonnier, sire Guerrehet
VI 8 [volet 109]
How Sir Launcelot and Sir Turquin fought together
Combat singulier entre sire Lancelot et sire Trican
VI 9 [volet 110]
How Sir Turquin was slain, and how Sir Launcelot bad Sir Gaheris deliver all the prisoners
Ayant tu sire Trican, sire Lancelot charge sire Guerrehet de dlivrer tous ceux
que lennemi dArthur dtenait prisonniers
VI 10 [volet 111]
How Sir Launcelot rode with a damosel and slew a knight that distressed all ladies and also
a villain that kept a bridge
Escortant une demoiselle, sire Lancelot tue un chevalier qui maltraitait toutes les
dames, puis un vilain qui gardait un pont
VI 11 [volet 112]
How Sir Launcelot slew two giants, and made a castle free
Sire Lancelot tue deux gants et libre un chteau
VI 12 [volet 113]
How Sir Launcelot rode disguised in Sir Kays harness, and how he smote down a knight
Sire Lancelot reprend sa chevauche en se faisant passer pour sire Keu, dont il a
endoss larmure, et abat un chevalier
VI 13 [volet 114]
How Sir Launcelot jousted against four knights of the Round Table and overthrew them
Sire Lancelot joute contre quatre chevaliers de la Table Ronde, quil dsaronne
VI 14 [volet 115]
How Sir Launcelot followed a brachet into a castle, where he found a dead knight, and how
he after was required of a damosel to heal her brother
Sire Lancelot entre dans un chteau en suivant une chienne briquette et y dcouvre le cadavre dun chevalier ; une demoiselle lui demande ensuite de gurir son frre
VI 15 [volet 116]
How Sir Launcelot came into the Chapel Perilous and gat there of a dead corpse a piece of
the cloth and a sword
Sire Lancelot entre dans la Chapelle Prilleuse et y rcupre sur un cadavre un
lambeau de linceul et une pe
VI 16 [volet 117]
How Sir Launcelot at the request of a lady recovered a falcon, by which he was deceived
la requte dune dame, sire Lancelot dlivre un lanier et tombe ainsi dans un
pige
VI 17 [volet 118]
How Sir Launcelot overtook a knight which chased his wife to have slain her, and how he
said to him
Sire Lancelot surprend un chevalier qui poursuivait sa propre femme en vue de la
tuer et le sermonne
VI 18 [volet 119]
How Sir Launcelot came to King Arthurs court, and how there were recounted all his noble
feats and acts
Sire Lancelot retourne la cour du roi Arthur ; les gens de la cour dcouvrent tous
ses hauts faits