A Comprehensive Survey on Variants And Its Extensions Of

Big Data In Cloud Environment

P. Karthikeyan

J. Amudhavel

Department of CSE, SMVEC

Pondicherry, India

mails2karthy@gmail.com
D. Sathian
Department of CSE, Pondicherry
University
Pondicherry, India

dsathian@gmail.com

A. Abraham

Department of CSE, SMVEC

Pondicherry, India

Department of CSE, SMVEC

Pondicherry, India

info.amudhavel@gmail.com

abrahamaruncse@gmail.com

R.S. Raghav

P. Dhavachelvan

Department of CSE, Pondicherry

University
Pondicherry, India

Department of CSE, Pondicherry

University
Pondicherry, India

rsraghav@outlook.com

ABSTRACT
As technology grows very fast with trendy outcome applications like
Social networking, web analysis, bio-informatics network analysis,
product analysis, etc., a huge amount of heterogeneous data is
delivered in a wide range. Effective management of this huge data is
interesting but faces many challenges in accuracy and processing.
When a term huge data arrives then a recent and growing field
namely BIG DATA comes into the act as it becomes a mass attracter
of industry, academia and government for efficient processing of
variety of huge data. This paper surveys a various technologies and
the different areas where big data is implemented currently with a
help of cloud environment [1] and its complete architecture [13].
Following it also explains about the different map reduce techniques
and the framework that is being implanted for processing such huge
data. Finally we discuss the future on big data processing with the
cloud environment and the challenges [28] faced at these areas.

Categories and Subject Descriptors

C. [Computer Systems Organization ] : C.2 [COMPUTERCOMMUNICATION NETWORKS ]: C.2.4 Distributed Systems

General Terms
Big Data Analysis, Routing mechanisms in Networking, Volume,
Bio Medical Data, Big Data Storage.

Keywords
Big data, Cloud computing, Hadoop, Security.

1. INTRODUCTION
Big data is nothing but data that overcomes the processing capacity
of the current relational database systems. The data grows very fast
and huge in size as technology grows rapidly in order to satisfy
people daily needs and maintain business profits. And it also noted
that due to vast improvement in social networking both structured
and unstructured data are in process. To gain valid information from
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dhavachelvan@gmail.com

this data we need to choose an alternate way to process.

The hot IT buzzword of 2012, big data has become viable as costeffective approaches [23] have emerged to tame the volume, velocity
and variability of massive data. Todays commodity hardware, cloud
computing and some open source software[22] shows an easiest way
to process such massive data very efficiently as many organizations
like AMAZON,MICROSOFT rent their services at a lower cost that
even small garage startups can also afford online storage and
processing of data.
The value of Big data to an business commodity falls into two
categories: analytical use and developing new products. Big data
analytics [30] can reveal insights hidden previously by data too
costly to process, such as peer influence among customers, revealed
by analyzing shoppers transactions, social and geographical data.
The past decades successful startups like FACEBOOK is the
milestone and an best example of Big Data which enables many
users to share variety of new heavy loaded data thus enabling new
services like Facebook to become an massive hit among various
online services. The main attracting features of big data and cloud
environment are that its data security [24] and scalability as data
grows increase day by day.
As a catch-all term, big data can be pretty nebulous, in the same
way that the term cloud covers diverse technologies. Input data to
big data systems could be chatter from social networks, web server
logs, traffic flow sensors, satellite imagery, broadcast audio streams,
banking transactions, MP3s of rock music, the content of web pages,
scans of government documents, GPS trails, telemetry from
automobiles, financial market data, the list goes on.

1.1 Motivation
In recent times a word BIG DATA has become a big boom in almost
all areas and even all researchers move towards the area to know
what is Big data and its importance in forth coming years. The
importance of big data resides in its three Vs namely velocity,
Variety and volume.Volume refers to the amount of data, variety
refers to the number of types of data and velocity refers to the speed
of dataprocessing. Datas are in two formats such as structured data
and unstructured data, mostly the unstructured data are derived from
data analysis, web analysis and social networking like Facebook,
twitter, Gmail, etc., Thus when a huge amount of data is processed
daily in every field the amount of data increases as it volume
increases, so then we considered Big data is the exact tool to process
all such huge data with much more efficient than the current
database systems. Big data can be implemented through cloud
computing [8] environments as the data resides in a secured manner.
There are some popular frameworks like Apache Hadoop are the

platform to implement such big data applications as it provides its

own HDFS [9,10,12]file system. HDFS is very similar to a file
system, expect that files are replicated to multiple machines for
availability and scalability.

1.2 Organization
This paper is organized in such a way that Section I deals with the
Introduction part and the section II deals with the related works
based on survey of big data and its applications.

1.3 CONTRIBUTIONS
The main advantage of using big data in cloud is making efficient of
large datas. This spatiotemporal compression based approach based
upon processing the big data in cloud, which deals with the big
graph. In this they using three main process LEACH, spatiotemporal
compression and Data had driven scheduling. The cloud based
framework that for managing the big medical data [3] over
upcoming of large datas. This provides the cloud based self-caring
services for identify their own health problems. This will help the
patients to know their health condition directly whenever they
needed. The hybrid approach [4] for scalable anonymizaton [7] has
been done through the two algorithm TDS and BUG. This will
produce the efficient anonymizaton of data processing while large
amount of data is upcoming strategy. And the adaptive algorithm for
monitoring big data application for analyzing the performance,
workload and capacity planning and fault detection. By using this
real-time it is scalable and reliable big data monitoring.

2. RELATED WORKS
2.1A
spatiotemporal
approach

compression

based

Chi Yang, Xuyun Zhang, ChangminZhong, Chang Liua, Jian Pie [1]
proposed a new system deals with the concept of storing the big
graph data in cloud and to analyze and process those data. Here the
big data is compressed by their size with spatiotemporal features.
Now these compressed big graph data are grouped into clusters and
the workload is distributed [2] to all the edges among them to
achieve significant performance [12]. As it groups the big graph data
it is easier to access and process the data. This includes three main
processes. 1) LEACH (Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy)
is TDMA based on MAC protocol and also uses a routing protocol
WSN (Wireless Sensor Network) which is used to compress the big
data or the big graph data. . As it compress the big data the memory
storage [17] in cloud is greatly reduced. 2) Spatiotemporal
compression can be used for the clustering process based
spatiotemporal data correlation which computes the similarities in
their time with the regression. In order to identify the similarities in
data, temporal prediction models should be developed. The
clustering process done here is by exploiting the data changing. Here
the multiple attributed data can also be compressed. 3) Data driven
scheduling to map all the data two mapping techniques are
introduced. They are node based mapping and edge based mapping.
Node based mapping produce unfair distribution of workload and
the edge based mapping is not suitable for data exchange cluster. So
the data driven scheduling is the only technique for data exchange
and for the distribution of workload. This scheduling enables to
distribute the workload more evenly in cloud platform.

2.2Home diagnosis service over big medical data

Wenmin Lin, et al [2] suggested the home diagnosis method for
disease analysis. This is used as a self-caring service which means
one can primarily diagnose their health status. Here we can able to
identify our own disease by specifying the symptoms. So that it will
be useful for both patients and doctors to diagnose the problem. This
provides a cloud based self-caring service to identify their own

health problems. It helps patients to know more about their disease

condition directly. This takes less time to make decision for taking
right treating. This is implemented in three ways. (i) HDFS
(Hadoop distributed file system) is used to store the file across
collection of nodes in a cluster. The files that are stored in the cluster
are divided into blocks. (ii) Map Reduce is one of the parallel data
processing methods. The Map phase reads the data from the HDFS.
The process inputs are of independent values and these intermediate
values are stored in the local disk in the nodes. When the Mapping
phase is completed then the reduce phase starts. Reduce phase
implements the intermediate data having same key is aggregated.
(iii) Luceneisthe concepts where indexing and searching are
essential. Indexing is used to build index files for lucene document
and also enable searching ability.

2.3 External integrity

outsourced big data

verification

for

Chang Liu, et al. [3] brought a big picture by providing an analysis

on authenticator-based data integrity verification techniques on both
cloud and Internet of things as the data on this platform are
enormously in high increase. To solve this problem the two major
techniques are used, namely provable data possession (PDP) and
proofs of retrievability (POR). This paper mainly focuses on PDP as
it solves this issue by taking dynamic datasets [14] into account.
Setup and data upload, Authorization for TPA(Third party
Auditor),challenge and verification of data storage, proof
integration, proof verification ,updated data upload ,updated
metadata upload, verification of updated data are the general cycle
followed in CSS (Cloud Storage Service). This research work
provides a new way of retrieving data from the CSS by proving
external integrity to the third parties to verify the data. The main
problem of dynamic datasets storage with full updated information
[20] can be solved using new PDP techniques. As mentioned earlier
the two techniques namely POR and PDP are used. The main
difference between these two techniques is that POR takes all data
blocks for verification whereas PDP takes only small blocks of data
which is considered as the best economical way for analyzing data.
This paper uses two standard signature schemes (RSA & BSL) and
one authenticated data structure (MHT).PDP is further classified into
DPDP to handle dynamically more datasets. Since metadata for the
authentication to particular cloud user for storing data sets increases
with respect to the storage levels in datasets, a new type of PDP is
introduced called MR-PDP which provides verification for multi
replica cloud storage. A secret key is provided to the user so that
he/she can trust that their stored data will not be outsourced unless
until their secret key is used. This PDP technique is also extended to
hybrid cloud [6] as the datasets are need to be handled very
efficiently as many users are turning toward big data and availing
cloud service for their business truncations. This research areas also
leads to the data security [16,17,18] and data scalability in the cloud.

2.4 A hybrid approach for scalable sub-tree

anonymization using MapReduce
Xuyun Zhang, et al. [4]discovered that the problem Sub-tree
anonymizaton is largely using for anonymize data sets for privacy
preservation, data privacy in big data applications is one of the most
important issues. The two sub tree anonymization is Top-Down
Specialization (TDS) and Bottom-Up Generalization (BUG).
Scalability issue of sub-tree anonymizaton over in big data on cloud
has been overcome by using combination of Top-Down
Specialization (TDS) and Bottom-Up Generalization (BUG). The
Experimental results show the efficiency of sub-tree data
anonymization while comparing with approaches which are exists.
By using hybrid approach automatically selects one of the

components (TDS) or (BUG) comparing using the k-anonymity

parameter with workload balancing point. Now existing approach
sub-tree anonymization lacking scalability in handling big data in
cloud.Still Now, the two components TDS or BUG gives poor
performance while works individually for valuing of k-anonymity
parameter. To improve this proposed a solution for the problem is
the combination of TDS and BUG gives efficient sub tree
anonymization in big data and the Map Reduce of those two
components increase the scalability in big data The both components
are designed MapReduce jobs, So it accomplished highly Scalable..
The hybrid approach improves scalability and efficiency of sub-tree
anonymization over existing approaches. To implement this six main
algorithm are important. Algorithm 1, deals about MapReduce
Bottom-Up Generalization (MRBUG) driver the current anonymized
data satisfies the k-anonymizy requirement. Algorithm 2, is used to
identify the available generalizations. Algorithm 3, is for ILPG
calculating map. Algorithm 4, is for ILPG calculating Reduce.
Algorithm 5, is data generalization map and reduce. Algorithm 6, is
hybrid approach.

2.5 Adaptive, Scalable and reliable monitoring

of big data on clouds
Mauro Andreolini, et al. [5] proposed an adaptive algorithm for
monitoring big data application because cloud resources is critical
for monitoring different types of tasks such as analyzing the
performance, management of workload and capacity planning and
fault detection. In high sampling frequency monitoring big data
producing application is difficult because of storing and managing
data. This application adapts the sampling intervals and frequency
updates to data characteristics and fulfil the needs of administrator.
The Experimental evaluation show the adaptive algorithm is
monitoring without penalizing of quality of data respect to the
algorithm. By using the adaptive algorithm it real-time it is scalable
and reliable big data monitoring. This adaptively will allow us to
limit computational [21] and communication cost. Growth of the
system components and data size is increasing, even the scalability
goal cannot take rest. This involves four main algorithms. Algorithm
1: Training phase, it evaluates the best value in the range and
choosing the maximum size in a subset used for training. Algorithm
2: Quality Evaluation, Algorithm 3: Adaptive Monitoring phase.
This will guarantee high reliability in capturing relevant load
changes. This algorithm reducing resource utilization [26] and
communication in big data without reducing the quality of data.

2.6 A security framework in G-Hadoop

JiaqiZhao, et al. [6] had proposed a security [16,17] model for a new
G-Hadoop framework [15] which is a successor of current Hadoop
framework. The Security model [19] incorporates several security
solutions such as public key cryptography and SSL protocol and it is
mainly concentrated on distributed systems for parallel processing of
multiple clusters available in the G-Hadoop framework. This
security model provides the G-hadoop framework from different
malicious attacks. This security model is focused to work with the
multiple clusters as the traditional method focuses only on single
cluster at a time. It provides communication between master and
slave. It protects against MIMT attacks. It is an extension of the
Hadoop Map Reduce framework with the functionality of allowing
the Map Reduce tasks to run on multiple clusters. G-Hadoop is an
extension of the Hadoop Map Reduce framework with the
functionality of allowing the Map Reduce tasks to run on multiple
clusters. The current prototype followed in G-Hadoop framework is
Secure Shell (SSL) protocol to establish a secure connection
between the user and the target cluster. This traditional approach
requires login authentication for every new cluster has been

processed inside the framework. This method has been overcomes in

the technique this paper proposes. The proposed model follows the
authentication concept of Globus SecurityInfrastructure (GSI) which
establishes a communication between master node and CA server. In
this method jobs are submitted to the cluster by simply logging into
the master node an no other authentication is needed. The phases
used in this model are User Authentication, Applying and issuing,
proxy credential, generating user session and preparing slave nodes,
handshaking between the master node and the slave node, job
execution and job termination.

2.7Putting analysis and big data in cloud

HalukDemirkanandDursunDelen [7] proposed that in many
organizations one of the major trends [29] is using the service
oriented support-oriented decision support systems (DSS) is become
increasing. In this paper a list of requirements for service oriented
DSS, they said about the research directions and conceptual
framework for DSS in cloud. The unique part of the paper is how to
servitude the product oriented DSS environment and engineering
challenges in service oriented in cloud. This paper gives the new
knowledge about the service science in technology perspective to the
database and design science perspective for a broader audience.
Most of the organizations are care about service accuracy and
quality in addition then cost and delivery time. Information has been
managed by using the data management as metadata and information
management which has OLAP, Dashboards and internet search for
content and the last stage has operations management which has text
mining, data mining, optimization and simulation. DSS in cloud
enables scale, scope and speed economics. Reduction of unit cost
due to increase in operational size (scale) ,reduction in unit service
cost due to increase in number of services is developed and provide
(scope), reduction in unit cost due to increase in number of services
through supply or demand chain (speed).

2.8 Cloud computing with graphics processing

units
Wenwu Tang and WenpengFeng [8] proposed parallel map
projection of spatial data this paper produces framework in both
cloud computing [16] and high performance computing. Growth of a
Varity of high volume of spatial data is larger. So that map
projection is needed. Due to the large size of the data complexity
[25] of map projection in algorithmic and the transformation of big
data represents the computational challenge. This framework study
based on layered work architecture and both capabilities [9] of cloud
computing and high performance computing done through the
Graphics Processing Units. The experimental results, this framework
provides the acceleration for big spatial data. For Processing and
analysis of big spatial data coupling [10] of cloud computing and
high performance computing is considered as the best efficient
solution. In this article they develop a frame work called parallel
map projection for vector-based big spatial data among alternative
map projection. This framework is based upon three main layers.
They are GPU-enable high performance computing, cloud
computing and Web GIS. This support for best leveraging
component for map projection. This has a key role in front end users
and back end high performance computing clusters. For handling
effectively big spatial data GPU clusters provide you parallel
computing power. The cloud computing emergence service provides
us scalable and demand computing resources.

3. OPEN CHALLENGES FACED BY BIG

DATA
In recent trends everything is processed in cloud environment and if
the data exists current database systems capacity then a big domain
area called Big data [5] comes into the picture. Though big data is
widely used in many industries and application the following
challenges are faced.

3.1 Big Data Storage and Management

The relational database system that is currently in use today does not
meet the requirements faced big data. The storage of such huge data
requires a convenient way of retrieving the data too. The main
challenge faced in data storage is that the updating of dynamic
content in the database. Even if the data are stored using some
frameworks like HDFS [9,10,12] system, the managing of data
needs an efficient way to retrieve when the data is needed. Such
challenges are needs to be concentrated while processing big data
and its datasets in cloud environment.

3.2 Data Security in Big Data

The main challenge faced by big data is that the data stored are
secured or not. Big data uses many security [16,17,18] algorithms
and takes corrective measures to address the problem. Online
transactions [18] which use big data should be mainly taken care
since third parties are involved provided the access to analyze the
users data. So Big data should provide valid trusted certificates in
order to provide perfect security to its user.

4. CONCLUSION
In this work, we presented a survey about importance of big data and
its applications in cloud environment by using MapReduce concept
from the Hadoop framework. Thus this paper concludes that using
MapReduce the data flow can be efficiently processed than the
current available systems so that the user to the cloud and big data
increases as data security strengthens more reliable than all the other
environment.We mainly disused on the usage of big data in the
CSScloud environment and the optimization of the MapReduce
concept. As technology improves the datasets will increase then the
data will become more complex [27] unless until it is processed with
big data
.It is also guarantee that big data will lead to a bright
future of data management and security.

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