International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, ISSN 0973-4562 Vol. 10 No.4 (2015) pp.

3967-3973
Research India Publications;
http://www.ripublication.com/ijaer.htm

Intelligent Control Based MPPT for Grid

Penetration of Photovoltaic power System
M.Venkateshkumar1
Dr.R.Raghavan2
1
Research scholar Sathyabama University
2
Education Consultant
venkatmme@gmail.com egspraghu@yahoo.com

Abstract- Insufficiency of power generation due to

lack of fossil fuel and lack of cost-effectiveness in
rural areas have become a challenge to be solved in
order to get better utilisation of peoples revenue
source. The single solution to focus the use of
renewable energy sources is to generate electricity
with these sources during the generation shortage
through other sources to meet the consumer
demand. Operation of grid integration of
photovoltaic power system is analysed and its
performance under various weather conditions. The
projected Fuzzy logic based MPPT, requires the
sensing of the DC voltage output of PV panel and
solar irradiation. The planned fuzzy control based
maximum power point tracker (MPPT) has been
simulated using MATLAB environment. The
simulation results are evaluating the performance of
the proposed model with changing solar irradiation
conditions. The simulation results are compared
with that of existing model for establishing the
effectiveness of the proposed model
Key words: Intelligent control, Fuzzy Logic,
MPPT, Photovoltaic, MATLAB

II MATHEMATICAL DESIGN OF
PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER SYSTEM
The following mathematical models of
electrical characteristics are considered to design
400Wphotovoltaic module and simulated using the
matlab environment as shown in fig4. The fig 5 and
fig 6 presents the PV module, voltage and output
power respectively of the proposed system.
A. Open circuit voltage:
Voltage corresponds to the voltage drop across
the diode (p-n junction), when it is transverse by the
photocurrent Iph, (ie.) when the generated current I
= 0 [2]. It reflects the voltage of the cell in the night
and it can be mathematically expressed as:
Volt---------------(1)
Where : V is the open circuit voltage
N is diode ideality constant
K is the Boltzmann constant (1.381*10^-23 J/K)
T is temperature in Kelvin
Q is electron charge (1.602*10^-19 c)
IL is the light generated current same as Iph (A)
Io is the saturation diode current (A)
B. Light generated current (Radiation):
------------ (2)

I INTRODUCTION
Because of the concern about the impact of
CO2 and the anxiety on the effect of using fossil
fuels based power generation technology on the
environment, in recent years, the researchers are
focusing on the renewable energy based clean power
generation techniques to secure the environment
from carbon effect. Among the development of
renewable energy based power generation
techniques the solar power generation has a major
role of clean power generation. The sunlight is free
of cost and everlasting energy sources, but the
drawback of this method generation of electricity is
only possible during sunshine. In this paper we
have focused maximum power generation and
maximum power injection to the distribution power
grid (vide fig 1) [1]. The organization of this paper
is as follows. Section II presents the modelling of
Photovoltaic cell and its operation. In section III,
details of the proposed MPPT controller are
presented. The simulation model of the proposed
system is presented in section IV and the simulation
results are presented in section V. Finally the
section VI concludes the paper.

Where : G is the radiation (W/m2)

Gref is the radiation under standard condition 1000
W/m2
ILref is the Photoelectric current under
standard condition 0.15 A
TCref is module temperature under standard condition
298 K
ISC is the temperature co-efficient of the short
circuit current (A/K)=0.0065/K
IL is the Light generated current (Radiation)
C. Reverse saturation current:
-------(3)
------------------- (4)
Where: Io is the Reverse saturated current
Ior is the saturation current
N is the ideality factor 1.5;
Eg is the band gap for silicon 1.10ev
D. Short circuit current:
Ish = IL. It is the greatest value of the current
generated by a cell. It is produced by the short
circuit conditions: V = 0.

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International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, ISSN 0973-4562 Vol. 10 No.4 (2015) pp.3967-3973
Research India Publications;
http://www.ripublication.com/ijaer.htm

changes from duty cycle and the PV power P2 is

calculated. The PV power P2 is compared with P1.
The perturbation is taken as correct when P2 is more
than P1, This method has a major drawback due to
occasional deviations from the maximum [9].
E.
Incremental conductance method
In this method the voltage and current value
measured from PV cell. The above values are
compared with a reference value based on error the
controller has generated the duty cycle and fed to
the PWM generator for inverter [10].
F.
Proposed model intelligent control based
MPPT method - In this method we have been
designed fuzzy logic controller [2]. This controller
has two inputs, namely, actual irradiation and PV
voltage. Trapezoidal method is used to convert
these parameters to fuzzy set. Knowledge based
system has the reference voltage and compares the
observed value [4]. Based on the error we have
made IF-THEN rules for selecting duty cycle.
Finally the fuzzy set value is converted into a crisp
set using the centre of gravity method, and then the
signal is fed into a PWM generator to generate the
pulse for DC-DC converter [5].

--------------(4)
E. Irradiation: G=radiation W/m2.
III MPPT CONTROLLER
The renewable energy sources play an
important role to meet consumer power demand due
to their abundant availability and a smaller amount
impact of environment. The main hurdle in PV
energy expansion is the investment cost of the PV
power system implementation. PV energy
generation is not constant throughout the day due to
the change of weather. The efficiency of power
generation is very low ( the range of efficiency is
only 9-17% in low irradiation regions) [3].
Therefore MPPT technologies have an important
role in PV power generation to operate in the
maximum power generation at various weather
conditions [6]. The various MPPT methods are
developed with respect to usage of equipment and
cost.
A.

Feedback voltage and current method

This method mostly used in without a
storage Photovoltaic power system.
PV panel
actual output voltage and current values are
compared with reference voltage and current value
and the error calculated. The DC/DC converter duty
cycle has a design based on error value and operates
the PV panel near to MPP
B.
Voltage and Frequency (P-Q) method
In this method two different controllers are
available to control inverter side and battery power
management. Duty cycle for DC-DC converter is
generated, by PI controller, with respect to change
of PV power generation.
C. Feedback of power variation with voltage and
current
This method is similar to that of feedback
voltage and current method, in addition to this
method monitoring the power variation with voltage

Fig 1: Proposed Fuzzy based MPPT Controller

Fuzzy Control

Fig 2: Input fuzzy Membership function-PV Voltage

or current ( ) or ( ) equal to zero under power

feedback [7]. In this method the power measured
from load terminal not from a PV panel because
power conversion loss is there due to the converter.
Hence the duty cycle is adjusted for ( ) or ( )

Fig 3: Input fuzzy Membership function - Irradiation

achieving MPP.
D. Perturbation and Observation
This method has to measure PV voltage and
current at the present atmosphere condition the PV
power P1, is calculated by considering the small
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International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, ISSN 0973-4562 Vol. 10 No.4 (2015) pp.3967-3973
Research India Publications;
http://www.ripublication.com/ijaer.htm

Fig 3: output fuzzy Membership function Modulation index ( duty cycle)

VI

MATLAB SIMULATION AND RESULTS

Fig 4: Modelling of Photovoltaic cell

Fig 5: PV Module Voltage Waveform

Fig 6: PV Module Power Waveform without MPPT

Fig 7: Voltage generation waveform with respected to various irradiation

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International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, ISSN 0973-4562 Vol. 10 No.4 (2015) pp.3967-3973
Research India Publications;
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Fig 8: Power generation waveform with respected to various irradiation

Fig 9: Simulation model of Fuzzy Logic control based MPPT for Photovoltaic power system

Fig 10: Photovoltaic Power curve with MPPT controller at various Irradiations

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Research India Publications;
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V
A

Fig 11: Photovoltaic Voltage curve with MPPT controller at various Irradiations
PV single phase inverter output voltage (220V). The
THD value is illustrated in fig 13.
RESULTS DISCUSSION

400 WATTS PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULE:

In this paper 400W PV panel is considered.

Mathematical model illustrated in section II is
simulated using the MATLAB environment as
presented in fig 4. We have analysed the PV
characteristics such as Voltage and power changes
with respect to different weather conditions (6am to
6pm) as shown in fig 5 and fig 6 respectively.
B

FUZZY MPPT CONTROLLER:

Fig 12: single phase PV inverter output voltage

The proposed MPPT controller has two

inputs and single output such as Irradiation and PV
voltage are input signals and Duty cycle is output
[8]. The input variables are converted into fuzzy
membership function using the trapezoidal method
as shown in fig 2 and 3. The duty cycle is an output
membership function as presented in fig 4. The rules
are developed with respect to the nature of changes
in input and output variable to achieve the goal.
C

SIMULATION RESULTS:

The proposed model is simulated in

MATLAB background and observed. Results such
as PV power, PV voltage, DC-DC boost converter
Voltage, THD of system, DC-AC grid integration
and Inverter output are analysed and tested with
IEEE 1547 standard. Values obtained, by
simulation, for PV power and PV voltage are shown
in fig 5 and fig 6 respectively. PV power output is
observed at different irradiation and temperature
conditions and presented in fig 8 and fig 10.
Variation of voltage and power from 6AM to 6PM
is plotted in fig 7 and fig 11. Fig 12 points out the

Fig 13: Proposed model THD value 1.06%

VI CONCLUSION
This paper presents the Photovoltaic
mathematical model used for simulation and
analysis. The simulation results of the electrical
characteristics under different irradiation and
temperature environment are presented. The fuzzy
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International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, ISSN 0973-4562 Vol. 10 No.4 (2015) pp.3967-3973
Research India Publications;
http://www.ripublication.com/ijaer.htm

based MPPT controller is developed in Matlab and

simulated. The obtained results are evaluated and
compared with IEEE 1547 standard. Effectiveness
of the proposed MPPT controller is established and
this controller is recommended for use in grid
connected PV systems.

VIII BIOGRAPHY
Dr. R. Raghavan,
Obtained his BE in Electrical
Engineering from REC Warangal, A.P., in 1965. After
the completion of the Masters program in Power Systems
Engineering at REC Warangal in 1967, He pursued higher
education at Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Kanpur
and earned his Doctoral Degree (Ph.D.) in 1971.He has
more than 40 years experience in R&D Power system .
Presently he is working as an educational consultant.
Email: egspraghu@yahoo.com

VII REFERENCE
[1].Adhikari, S.; Fangxing Li, "Coordinated V-f and P-Q
Control of Solar Photovoltaic Generators With MPPT and
Battery Storage in Microgrids," Smart Grid, IEEE
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[2]. Wei Xu; Chaoxu Mu; Jianxun Jin, "Novel Linear
Iteration Maximum Power Point Tracking Algorithm for
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Power
Generation,"
Applied
Superconductivity, IEEE Transactions on , vol.24, no.5,
pp.1,6, Oct. 2014
[3]. Feng Wang; Xinke Wu; Lee, F.C.; Fang Zhuo,
"Analysis of unified output MPPT control in Sub-Panel
PV converter system," Power Electronics and
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[4]. Kumar, T.Praveen; Subrahmanyam,
N.; Sydulu, M., "Fuzzy controlled
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[5].Ya-Ting Lee; Chian-Song Chiu;
Tse-Wei Chiu, "Maximum power point tracking of gridtied photovoltaic power systems," Power Electronics
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International , vol., no., pp.440,445, 18-21 May 2014
[6]. Chokchai, C., "Power flow control
and MPPT parameter selection for
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[7]. Bakkar, M.; Abd El-Geliel, M.; Zied, M.A., "Control
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[8]. Kollimalla, S.K.; Mishra, M.K., "A Novel Adaptive
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[9]. Indumathi, R.; Venkateshkumar, M.; Raghavan, R.,
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[10].Anandhakumar, G.; Venkateshkumar, M.; Shankar,
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vol., no., pp.1,6, 23-24 Aug. 2013

M. Venkateshkumar, (Vice Chairman IEEE PES and

Young Professional Madras Section) received BE in
Electrical & Electronics Engineering from Anna
University Chennai through E.G.S. P Engg college in
2007. He received ME in Power Systems Engineering
from Vinayaka Missions University in 2009. He is
Pursuing Ph.D at Sathyabama University Chennai. He has
published technical papers more than 18 Technical papers
in an International conferences and Journal & Review
Board Member for than 12 International conferences and
international journals. Reviewer of IEEE Transaction on
sustainable Energy. Presently he is working as an Asst
Professor (Senior Grade) in Dept of Electrical and
Electronics Engineering at Saveetha School of
Engineering, Saveetha University Chennai, Tamilnadu,
India. His current research interest includes Grid
integration of hybrid renewable energy sources. Email:
venkatmme@gmail.com

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International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, ISSN 0973-4562 Vol. 10 No.4 (2015) pp.3967-3973
Research India Publications;
http://www.ripublication.com/ijaer.htm

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