Volume Volume XVIII.

, Issue 3, 2015

Statistical reports
AGRICULTURAL TRADE OF
HUNGARY IN 2014

Az lelmiszergazdasg klkereskedelme

Agricultural trade of Hungary

Volume XVIII., Issue 3, 2015
Published monthly
March 2015
Editor
Dr. Szabolcs Vg
Authors
va Varga
varga.eva@aki.gov.hu
Bertalan Kruppa
kruppa.bertalan@aki.gov.hu
Published by
Research Institute of Agricultural Economics
H-1093 Budapest, Zsil utca 3-5.
Mailing Address: H-1463 Budapest, Pf.: 944
Phone: (+36 1) 476-3088
Fax: (+36 1) 476-3304
www.aki.gov.hu
aki@aki.gov.hu
https://asir.aki.gov.hu
ISSN 1418 2130

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with the prior written permission of the publisher.

Volume XVIII., Issue 3, 2015

Agricultural trade of Hungary in 2014

Export of agricultural and food products declined
by 3 percent, that of import grew by 4,5 percent in
2014, the trade surplus went down by 12 percent in
comparison to 2013.
The export value of agricultural products amounted
to 7796 million EUR, the import value accounted for
4666 million EUR and the trade balance showed a
3130 million EUR surplus in 2014 (Figure 1).
The export and import volume of agricultural products expanded by 4,4 and 8,4 percent, respectively, the

export price index droped by 6,7 percent, that of import decreased by 3,6 percent in the period under review.
The share of agri-food products in the total export
of the national economy contracted by 0,6 percentage
point after showing positive trend in the previous
years. That of import stagnated and represented 6 percent in 2014, similarly to 2013.

billion EUR

Figure 1: The evolution of the agricultural trade of Hungary (2009-2014)

12

12%

10

10%

8%

6%

4%

2%

0%
2009

2010

2011

2012

Export value

Import value

Share of agricultural export

Share of agricultural import

2013

2014

Balance

Source: prepared by the Statistics Department of AKI on the basis of KSH data

The export value of 15 out of the 24 agricultural

commodity groups increased in 2014 comparing to the
previous year. Edible preparations (CN21) recorded the
greatest expansion (+63 million EUR) after the value of
the product group preparations not elsewhere specified
or included (e.g.: protein concentrates and textured
protein substances) increased by 32 percent in comparison to a year earlier. Prepared animal fodder (CN23)
registered the second highest increase (34 million
EUR), driven by the dynamic grow in the export of pet
food. The export value of pastrycooks products (CN19)

saw a 27 million EUR grow in 2014. The greatest reduction was witnessed by animal or vegetable fats and
oils (CN15) (-116 million EUR) after the export value
of sunflower and rapeseed oil dropped by 96 and 13 million EUR, respectively.
The export of sugar and sugar confectionery (CN17)
fell by 99 million EUR, that of import was up by 17
million EUR. The export value of cereals (CN10) decreased by 6 percent (-83 million EUR) due to the lower
prices. It is notable that the export of beverages, spirits
and vinegar (CN22) as well as living animals (CN01)
declined by 46 and 42 million EUR, respectively.
3

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In import similarly to export edible preparations

(CN21) saw the greatest increase (+32 million EUR) on
the back of the rise in the import value of the product
group preparations not elsewhere specified or included. The import of coffee, tea, mate and spices

(KN19) went up by 26 million EUR. The greatest import decrease was recorded by prepared animal fodder
(CN23) (-37 million EUR) and products of the milling
industry (KN11) (-29 million EUR) in 2014.

Figure 2: Composition of agricultural exports in 2014

Milk, egg, honey
5%

Living animals
4%
Others
22%

Beverages, spirits, vinegar

6%

Animal and vegetable oils

and fats
6%
Edible preparations
6%
Cereals
16%

Vegetables, fruits
6%

Oilseeds
7%

Meats
12%

Animal feed
10%
Source: prepared by the Statistics Department of AKI on the basis of KSH data

Figure 3: Composition of agricultural import in 2014

Beverages, spirits, vinegar

5%
Animal and vegetable oils
and fats
5%

Sugar
5%

Cocoa
4%

Others
35%

Pastrycooks' products
6%

Oilseeds
6%

Milk, egg, honey

8%
Edible preparations
8%
Source: prepared by the Statistics Department of AKI on the basis of KSH data

Meats
9%

Animal feed
9%

Volume XVIII., Issue 3, 2015

The export of agricultural goods is dominated by a

small number of products, the import is concentrated to
a lesser extent. The four-fifth of the agricultural export
and the two-third of the import is based on 10-10 commodity groups in 2014 (figure 2, 3). The five greatest
commodity groups cereals, meats, animal fodders,
vegetable oils as well as vegetable and fruit products
contributed by 51 percent to the total agricultural export.
The five commodity products with the greatest import values meats, edible preparations, dairy products,
eggs and honey as well as oilseeds represented 40 percent of the total agricultural import in 2014.

The share of exported processed products contracted

in the last two years. The portion of commodities averaged 37-38 percent between 2009-2012. In 2014, this
ratio dropped to 31 percent. The share of intermediate
products amounted to 31 percent in 2014, similarly to
the preceding years.
The share of final products increased to 37 percent
in 2014 from 31-35 percent in previous years (Figure 4).
This favorable development was driven by the declining
value of exported commodities and the expansion in the
export of final products.

Figure 4: The structure of agro-food export by procession level (2009-2014)

9
8
7

billion EUR

6
5
4
3

2
1
0
2009

2010

2011
Commodities

2012

Intermediate products

2013

2014

Final products

Source: prepared by the Statistics Department of AKI on the basis of KSH data

In contrast with export, the import of agricultural

products was dominated by final products that made up
44% percent of the total. The share of intermediate
products accounted for the one-third of the total agricultural import, commodities amounted to the quarter. The
structure of agricultural import remained unchanged in
2014 compared to the previous year (Figure 5).
The positive balance of the agricultural foreign trade

is mainly based on the export of commodities, after 42

percent of the surplus was made up by raw materials.
That of intermediate and final products amounted to 30
and 27 percent respectively (Figure 6). In recent years
commodities accounted for more than half (65-70 percent in some years) of the surplus, that of final products
was limited to 3 percent in 2009 and 18 percent in 2012.

Az lelmiszergazdasg klkereskedelme

Figure 5: The structure of agro-food import by procession level (2009-2014)

5
4,5

billion EUR

3,5
3
2,5
2
1,5
1
0,5
0
2009

2010

2011
Commodities

Intermediate products

2012

2013

2014

2013

2014

Final products

Source: prepared by the Statistics Department of AKI on the basis of KSH data

Figure 6: The structure of agro-food trade surplus by procession level (2009-2014)

4
3,5

billion EUR

3
2,5
2

1,5
1
0,5
0
2009

2010

2011
Commodities

Intermediate products

Source: prepared by the Statistics Department of AKI on the basis of KSH data

2012
Final products

Volume XVIII., Issue 3, 2015

The Hungarian foreign trade of agro-food products

primarily dominated by EU countries, after 88 percent
of the trade value was made up by the EU in 2014. EU15 accounted for 53 percent of the trade value, in the
case of EU-13 for 35 percent.
The export to EU-28 declined by 4 percent, the import went up by 5 percent. The balance with EU countries declined by 18 percent to 2,2 billion EUR in 2014,
compared to the previous year. The surplus contracted
in two consecutive years after it expanded in every year
between 2006 and 2012.
The largest export market continued to be Germany
(1166 million EUR), followed by Romania (837 million
EUR), Austria (721 million EUR), Italy (700 million
EUR) and Slovakia (522 million EUR). Altogether
these five countries made up 51 percent of the total ex-

port in 2014 (Figure 7). The sales to Slovakia and Romania contracted by 20 and 5 percent respectively. The
exports to Germany, Austria and Italy marginally
changed from 2013.
The sales to the Russian market dropped by 14 percent and the pork meat sales stalled as the result of the
ban on exports to Russia.
The Hungarian imports were dominated by Germany
(962 million EUR), Poland (512 million EUR), Slovakia (477 million EUR), Austria (396 million EUR)
and the Netherlands (358 million EUR). These countries together represented 58 percent of the import in
2014. The import from Germany and Austria grew by
8-7 percent, that of from the Netherlands, Slovakia and
Poland declined by 2-4 percent in the reviewed period.

Figure 7: Agro-food exports by destination in 2014

Others
30%

Germany
15%
United Kingdom
3%
France
3%

Czech Rep.
4%

Romania
11%

Poland
4%
The Netherlands
5%
Slovakia
7%

Austria
9%

Italy
9%

Source: prepared by the Statistics Department of AKI on the basis of KSH data

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