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En la tabla las rocas estn ordenadas considerando que las rocas plutnicas
ocurren a profundidad y que las rocas volcnicas a poca profundidad o en la
superficie, por esta razn la tabla debe leerse de abajo hacia arriba; la tabla
tambin est dividida en P-1,P-3, V-5 (P para plutnicas y V para
volcnicas) de P-2, P-4, V-6 por la lnea divisoria del cuarzo. Lo primero que hay
que hay que hacer para identificar una roca es identificar al cuarzo y su
cantidad relativa, las rocas silceas se encuentran al lado izquierdo de la lnea
con un 10% de cuarzo o ms y las dems con menos de 10% se encuentran a
la derecha. Supongamos que la roca tiene ms de 10% de cuarzo; supongamos
que la roca tiene ms de 10% de cuarzo, la roca se ubicar a la izquierda de la
lnea entonces se estudia la trama de la roca, si es granular se encontrar en
P-1 donde hay 5 rocas, digamos que el % de cuarzo es casi 10% entonces
tendremos 4 posibilidades excepto el granito donde la diferencia se marcar
por la relacin entre plagioclasas y ortoclasas, si son casi iguales ser una
monzonita cuarzosa, si hay ms plagioclasas ser una granodiorita y si las
plagioclasas sobrepasan por mucho ser una diorita o tonalita, si la cantidad de
INGLS
Guide to the identification of igneous rocks
Table rocks are sorted whereas plutonic rocks occur deep and shallow volcanic
or on rocks, therefore the table should be read from bottom to top; the table is
also divided into P-1, P-3, V-5 ("P" for plutonic and "V" for volcanic) P-2, P-4, V-6
by the line of quartz. The first thing to do is to identify a rock quartz and
identify the relative quantity, siliceous rocks are found on the left side of the
line with 10% quartz or more and the other less than 10% are on the right.
Assume that the rock has more than 10% quartz; suppose that the rock has
over 10% quartz, the rock will be located to the left of the line then the frame
of the rock is studied, if granular will be in P-1 where there are 5 rocks, say that
the% Quartz is almost 10% then we have 4 possibilities except granite where
the difference is marked by the relationship between plagioclase and
orthoclase, whether they are nearly equal will be a quartz monzonite, if more
plagioclase will be a granodiorite and if plagioclase far outweigh it will be a
diorite and tonalite, quartz if the amount was substantial would be a granite
anyone will be color and plagioclase-orthoclase relationship.
If the texture is porphyritic with phenocrysts by over 50% in a granular paste
the rock is a porphyry found in P-3, if there are fewer the porphyritic term as
adjective is used; when the rock has pegmatitic texture (formed by small and
very large crystals and the presence of volatile minerals) or apltica (sugary
and light colored) is in P-3. The presence of glass indicates a volcanic nature of
the rock and the rock would position V-5, the quartz porphyry name is given
when fenoscristales presence of quartz may appoint a rock by color eg felsite
(volcanic rock clear), obsidian is the most common glass is dark and lustrous
color with conchoidal fracture.
On the right we have that if the rock is composed of feldspar granular without
feldespatoids is intermediate or mafic and will be in P-2, if you have
feldespatoids is alkaline, if it is composed of mafic minerals is an ultramafic
rock; if the rock is porphyritic is in P-4 as diabase.
We have a gap (angular fragments expelled), cluster (rounded and subrounded
fragments whose shape is given by friction in the volcanic chimney); if the
texture and minerals suggest a volcanic aroca will be in V-6, the rock is glassy
and fine grain; if a prominent characteristic mineral is recognized to be
included in the name of rock and hornblende diorite.
Intrusive igneous rocks
Diorite .- Intermediate Chemistry; essential: plagioclase, hornblende;
Accessories: magnetite, ilmenite, titanite, quartz, alanine; accidental:
orthopyroxene and clinopyroxene, orthoclase, biotite. Dark gray to black gray,